Organic fertilizer capable of improving yield and quality of crops

Abstract

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, and belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizers. The invention provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of crop straw, 70-90 parts of animal waste, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 40-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of pyroligneous liquor, 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3-5 parts of an EM microbial agent. According to the organic fertilizer prepared by the method disclosed by the invention, the pyroligneous liquor has an acidification effect on the crop straws, can promote cellulose decomposition of the crop straws and improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the crop straws, then the pyroligneous liquor is mixed with all the components and is subjected to aerobic fermentation, the fertility of the fertilizer can be remarkably improved, the bentonite is added, and the adsorption effect of the bentonite is utilized, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved. The organic fertilizer can maintain fertility for a long time, and can significantly improve the yield and quality of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and in particular to an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality. Background Art

[0002] At present, the world is facing the serious problems of population growth and environmental degradation. The large-scale use of inorganic fertilizers in agricultural production will also make environmental degradation more serious. Inorganic fertilizers generally have high nutrient content, fast fertilizer effect, easy to be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, significant increase in yield, and convenient application, storage and transportation. However, inorganic fertilizers do not contain organic matter. In the process of chemical synthesis and mechanical processing, a large amount of energy is consumed, which pollutes the environment. In addition, the long-term application of inorganic fertilizers is not conducive to the improvement of soil fertility.

[0003] The advantages of organic fertilizers are that they can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and water retention capacity, promote the activity of soil microorganisms, and improve soil aeration and water permeability. In addition, organic fertilizers also contribute to the healthy growth of crops and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the disadvantages of organic fertilizers are that the nutrient content is relatively low and the release rate is slow, which cannot meet the demand of crops for large amounts of nutrients at a specific growth stage. The application of organic fertilizers alone cannot increase the yield and quality of crops. The prior art urgently needs an organic fertilizer that can not only increase crop yield, but also improve crop quality.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic fertilizer which can improve the yield and quality of crops, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 80-100 parts of crop straw, 70-90 parts of animal manure, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 40-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of wood vinegar, 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial agent.

[0009] Preferably, the crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

[0010] Preferably, the animal manure is one or more of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0011] The present invention provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0012] (1) crushing the crop straw into pieces of 0.4 to 0.6 cm, adding wood vinegar, mixing, and anaerobically fermenting for 1 to 3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0013] (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-60%, then adding EM bacterial agent for aerobic fermentation, turning the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0014] (3) The fermented material is mixed with bentonite, and then dried, crushed and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60°C.

[0016] Preferably, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32°C.

[0017] The present invention also provides the use of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in improving crop yield and quality.

[0018] The present invention has the following technical effects and advantages:

[0019] The present invention provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality. According to the method of the present invention, crop straw is mixed with wood vinegar for anaerobically fermentation, then aerobically fermented with animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid, molasses wastewater and EM bacterial agent, and finally mixed with bentonite to prepare the organic fertilizer, wherein the wood vinegar has an acidifying effect on the crop straw, can promote the decomposition of cellulose in the crop straw, improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the crop straw, and then mixed with various components for aerobic fermentation, which can significantly improve the fertility of the fertilizer, and finally mixed with bentonite, using the adsorption effect of bentonite, so that the organic fertilizer can maintain fertility for a long time, and applied during crop planting, which can significantly improve the yield and quality of the crop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The present invention provides an organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:

[0021] 80-100 parts of crop straw, preferably 90 parts; 70-90 parts of animal manure, preferably 80 parts; 40-60 parts of wheat bran, preferably 50 parts; 40-60 parts of humic acid, preferably 50 parts; 10-20 parts of bentonite, preferably 15 parts; 5-15 parts of wood vinegar, preferably 10 parts; 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater, preferably 15 parts; 3-5 parts of EM bacterial agent, preferably 4 parts.

[0022] In the present invention, the EM was purchased from Xuzhou Morita Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0023] In the present invention, the crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

[0024] In the present invention, the animal manure is one or more of cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and chicken manure.

[0025] The present invention provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) crushing the crop straw into pieces of 0.4 to 0.6 cm, preferably 0.5 cm, adding wood vinegar, mixing, and anaerobically fermenting for 1 to 3 days, preferably 2 days, to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0027] (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-60%, preferably 50%, and then adding EM bacterial agent for aerobic fermentation, turning the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermented material;

[0028] The turning time is preferably 4 days, and the fermentation time is preferably 25 days;

[0029] (3) The fermented material is mixed with bentonite, and then dried, crushed and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0030] In the present invention, the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60°C, preferably 55°C.

[0031] In the present invention, the temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32°C, preferably 30°C.

[0032] The present invention also provides the use of the organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method in improving crop yield and quality.

[0033] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] The EM bacterial agent in the embodiment was purchased from Xuzhou Morita Biotechnology Co., Ltd. and is classified as a fermentation-specific agent.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] 90 kg of corn stalks were crushed into particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm, 10 kg of wood vinegar was added and mixed evenly, the mixture was put into a fermentation tank, and high-temperature anaerobic fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 55° C. The mixture was fermented for 2 days to obtain a fermentation mixture, the fermentation mixture was mixed with 80 kg of cow dung, 50 kg of wheat bran, 50 kg of humic acid, and 15 kg of molasses waste water to obtain a fermented material, the water content of the fermented material was adjusted to 50%, and then 4 kg of EM bacterial agent was added, the mixture was put into a fermentation tank and aerobic fermentation was carried out at 30° C. The material was turned over every 4 days, and the mixture was fermented for 25 days to obtain a fermented material, the fermented material was mixed with 15 kg of bentonite, and the fermented material was dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] 80 kg of wheat straw and rice straw are crushed into particles with a diameter of 0.5 cm, 5 kg of wood vinegar is added and mixed evenly, the mixture is put into a fermentation tank, and high-temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 55° C. The mixture is fermented for 2 days to obtain a fermentation mixture, the fermentation mixture is mixed with 70 kg of pig manure, 40 kg of wheat bran, 40 kg of humic acid, and 10 kg of molasses waste water to obtain a fermented material, the water content of the fermented material is adjusted to 50%, and then 3 kg of EM bacterial agent is added, the mixture is put into a fermentation tank and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30° C. The material is turned over every 4 days, and the mixture is fermented for 25 days to obtain a fermented material, the fermented material is mixed with 10 kg of bentonite, and the fermented material is dried, crushed, and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] 100 kg of wheat straw, rice straw powder and corn straw are crushed into a particle size of 0.5 cm, 15 kg of wood vinegar is added and mixed evenly, the mixture is put into a fermentation tank, and high-temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 55° C. The mixture is fermented for 2 days to obtain a fermentation mixture, the fermentation mixture is mixed with 90 kg of chicken manure and sheep manure, 60 kg of wheat bran, 60 kg of humic acid and 20 kg of molasses waste water to obtain a fermented material, the water content of the fermented material is adjusted to 50%, and then 5 kg of EM bacterial agent is added, the material is put into a fermentation tank and aerobic fermentation is carried out at 30° C. The material is turned over every 4 days, and the fermentation is carried out for 25 days to obtain a fermented material, the fermented material is mixed with 20 kg of bentonite, and the fermented material is dried, crushed and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] The method for preparing the organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1, except that wood vinegar is not added.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] The method for preparing organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1, except that the anaerobic fermentation step is omitted.

[0045] Comparative Example 3

[0046] The method for preparing the organic fertilizer is the same as that in Example 1, except that bentonite is not added.

[0047] Test example

[0048] Crops grown: corn "Denghai 605";

[0049] Fertilizer applied: organic fertilizer prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3;

[0050] Test method: select a plot with uniform soil fertility, divide it into 5 plots, mark it as 1 to 5, each plot is 20m to 30m, plot 1 is applied with the organic fertilizer of Example 1, plot 2 is applied with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 1, plot 3 is applied with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 2, and plot 4 is applied with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Example 3. The organic fertilizers of plots 1 to 4 are all applied as base fertilizer into the soil plough layer at one time, and the application amount is 3200kg / hm 2 Plot 5 was used as a blank control group without any fertilizer. After fertilization, "Denghai 605" was planted, and no additional fertilizer was applied during the entire corn growth period. Other management measures remained the same.

[0051] Determination of corn yield

[0052] During the corn harvest period, 30 consecutive ears of plants with the same growth in plots 1 to 5 were collected to determine the corn yield (t / hm 2 ), 100-grain weight (g), ear diameter (mm), and ear length (cm) were used to determine the corn yield under different fertilizers. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1 Corn yields with different fertilizers

[0054] 100-grain weight (g) Ear diameter(mm) Ear length (cm) <![CDATA[Yield (t / hm 2 )]]> Example 1 31.24 50.23 25.42 11.24 Comparative Example 1 28.23 49.85 22.34 9.65 Comparative Example 2 29.41 49.84 23.40 9.87 Comparative Example 3 27.97 48.89 22.57 9.24 Blank control 25.2 49.23 18.85 7.20

[0055] According to Table 1, the 100-grain weight, ear diameter, ear length and yield of the corn treated with the organic fertilizer of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of the corn treated with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the organic fertilizer obtained by combining the fertilizer components of the present application scheme with the preparation method can significantly increase the yield of crops.

[0056] Determination of corn quality

[0057] During the corn harvest period, 30 consecutive ears of the same growth in plots 1 to 5 were collected, and 50 corn kernels were randomly selected to measure the protein content, lysine content, and oil content. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Corn quality after application of different fertilizers

[0059] Protein content (%) Lysine content (%) Oil content (%) Example 1 12.31 0.46 5.72 Comparative Example 1 10.22 0.38 4.52 Comparative Example 2 9.87 0.35 4.61 Comparative Example 3 9.98 0.39 4.32 Blank control 8.24 0.32 4.24

[0060] According to Table 2, the protein content, lysine content and oil content of the corn applied with the organic fertilizer of Example 1 are significantly higher than those of the corn applied with the organic fertilizer of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the organic fertilizer obtained by combining the fertilizer components of the present application scheme with the preparation method can significantly improve the quality of crops.

[0061] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides an organic fertilizer that can improve crop yield and quality. According to the method of the present invention, crop straw is mixed with wood vinegar for anaerobic fermentation, then aerobic fermentation is carried out with animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid, molasses wastewater and EM bacterial agent, and finally mixed with bentonite to prepare the organic fertilizer, wherein wood vinegar has an acidifying effect on crop straw, can promote the decomposition of cellulose in crop straw, improve the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of crop straw, and then mixed with each component for aerobic fermentation, which can significantly improve the fertility of fertilizer, and finally mixed with bentonite, using the adsorption effect of bentonite, so that the organic fertilizer can maintain fertility for a long time, and when applied during crop planting, it can significantly improve the yield and quality of crops.

[0062] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic fertilizer capable of improving crop yield and quality, characterized in that: Prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of crop straw, 70-90 parts of animal manure, 40-60 parts of wheat bran, 40-60 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of bentonite, 5-15 parts of wood vinegar, 10-20 parts of molasses wastewater and 3-5 parts of EM bacterial agent.

2. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The crop straw is one or more of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.

3. The organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The animal excrement is one or more of cow excrement, pig excrement, sheep excrement and chicken excrement.

4. The method for preparing an organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) crushing the crop straw into pieces of 0.4 to 0.6 cm, adding wood vinegar, mixing, and anaerobically fermenting for 1 to 3 days to obtain a fermentation mixture; (2) mixing the fermentation mixture, animal feces, wheat bran, humic acid and molasses wastewater to obtain a fermented material, adjusting the water content of the fermented material to 40-60%, then adding EM bacterial agent for aerobic fermentation, turning the material every 3-5 days, and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain a fermented material; (3) The fermented material is mixed with bentonite, and then dried, crushed and granulated to obtain an organic fertilizer.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature of the anaerobic fermentation in step (1) is 50-60°C.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The temperature of the aerobic fermentation in step (2) is 28-32°C.

7. Use of the organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the organic fertilizer prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in improving crop yield and quality.