Self-anchoring anchor rod and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-anchoring anchor rod and a construction method thereof, and relates to the technical field of coal mine tunnel supporting. The self-anchoring anchor rod comprises an anchoring rod, a first fixing assembly and a second fixing assembly, the anchoring rod comprises a first rod section used for being assembled in a drill hole and a second rod section used for extending out of the drill hole, the first fixing assembly comprises an expansion unit, the expansion unit is arranged on the first rod section in a sleeving mode, and the expansion unit is connected with the second rod section. An expansion cavity which can be filled with filler and is used for supporting a surrounding rock drill hole is limited between the expansion unit and the first rod section, the second fixing assembly comprises an anchoring plate and an anchoring nut, the anchoring plate is arranged on the second rod section in a penetrating mode and used for abutting against the side wall of the surrounding rock, and the anchoring nut is in threaded connection with the second rod section and used for fixing the anchoring plate. The self-anchoring anchor rod does not need an anchoring agent, can be directly installed in surrounding rock, is convenient to operate and high in installation efficiency, can accurately judge whether the anchoring force of the anchor rod meets the requirement or not, and ensures the anchoring reliability of the anchor rod.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine tunnel support, and in particular to a self-anchoring anchor rod and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Bolt support technology is widely used in coal mine tunnel support due to its fast support speed, significant effect and light support materials. More than 90% of underground coal mine tunnel support adopts bolt support. Therefore, the efficiency, reliability and safety of bolt support directly affect the efficiency and safety of coal mining. According to the different bolt anchoring principles, bolt support technology can be divided into three categories: mechanical anchoring, bonded anchoring and friction anchoring. In order to target different application scenarios, various bolts with different structures have been developed.

[0003] In the related art, when the anchor rod is fixed, the anchor rod is fixed by combining the anchoring agent with the anchor rod and the surrounding rock of the tunnel to ensure the anchor connection of the buried rod. However, this construction method is more dependent on the experience of the anchor rod construction personnel. The anchoring force needs to be measured through a destructive pull-out test. It is impossible to accurately judge whether the anchoring force of the anchor rod meets the requirements. There is a safety hazard that the anchor rod is not reliably anchored, and it is necessary to wait for the anchoring agent to solidify to achieve the anchor connection of the anchor rod. The overall cycle of the support operation is relatively long. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a self-anchoring anchor rod, which does not require an anchoring agent and can be directly installed in the surrounding rock. It is easy to operate and has high installation efficiency. It can also accurately judge whether the anchoring force of the anchor rod meets the requirements, thereby ensuring the anchoring reliability of the anchor rod.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method of a self-anchoring anchor rod.

[0007] The self-anchoring anchor rod according to the embodiment of the present invention comprises: An anchor rod, the anchor rod comprising a first rod segment and a second rod segment, the first rod segment being used for being inserted and assembled in a borehole in the surrounding rock, and the second rod segment being used for extending out of the borehole in the surrounding rock; a first fixing assembly, the first fixing assembly comprising an expansion unit, the expansion unit being sleeved on the first rod segment and being deformable in the radial direction of the first rod segment, an expansion cavity that can be filled with a filler being defined between the expansion unit and the first rod segment, the expansion unit being used to support a borehole in a surrounding rock to anchor the first rod segment; The second fixing assembly includes an anchor plate and an anchor nut. The anchor plate is slidably inserted into the second rod segment and is used to press against the side wall of the surrounding rock. The anchor nut is threadedly connected to the second rod segment and is used to fix the anchor plate.

[0008] The self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention does not require an anchoring agent and can be directly installed in the surrounding rock. It is easy to operate and has high installation efficiency. It can also accurately judge the anchoring force of the anchor rod, thereby ensuring the anchoring reliability of the anchor rod.

[0009] In some embodiments, the anchor rod is provided with a delivery channel, and the delivery channel includes a first hole segment and a second hole segment which are connected to each other, the first hole segment is axially arranged at the first rod segment and the second rod segment of the anchor rod, and the first hole segment passes through the end surface of the anchor rod away from the first rod segment, and the second hole segment extends radially along the anchor rod and is connected to the expansion cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first hole segment or the second hole segment is provided with a valve body, and the valve body is used to prevent the filler in the expansion cavity from flowing back along the delivery channel, and / or the second hole segment is provided with multiple holes along the circumference of the anchor rod.

[0011] In some embodiments, the expansion unit is connected to a delivery pipe, and the other end of the delivery pipe is used to extend out of the borehole in the surrounding rock.

[0012] In some embodiments, the expansion unit includes an expansion portion and connecting portions provided at both ends of the expansion portion, and the first fixing assembly includes a fixing member, which is provided on the first rod segment corresponding to the connecting portion for fixing and sealing both ends of the expansion unit.

[0013] In some embodiments, the axial length of the expansion portion along the anchor rod is not less than two-thirds of the axial length of the expansion unit along the anchor rod, and / or the first fixing assembly includes a seal, which is sleeved on the first rod segment corresponding to the connecting portion.

[0014] In some embodiments, the anchor plate includes a plate body and a top support portion, the top support portion is hemispherical and elastic, the cross-sectional diameter of the top support portion decreases in a direction away from the plate body, and the top support portion is provided with a through hole for the anchor rod to pass through.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second fixing assembly includes an anchoring pad, which is hemispherical and is used to be sleeved on the second rod segment and disposed between the anchoring nut and the anchoring plate. The minimum diameter of the anchoring pad is not greater than the diameter of the penetration hole.

[0016] In some embodiments, a plurality of the first fixing components are provided, and the plurality of the first fixing components are arranged at equal intervals on the first rod segment.

[0017] The construction method of the self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention includes the self-anchoring anchor rod of any of the above embodiments, and the construction method includes the following steps: S1: Fixing the first fixing assembly on the anchor rod, and keeping the expansion unit in a state of not being filled with filler; S2: inserting the first rod segment and the first fixing assembly into the drilled hole of the surrounding rock, and filling the expansion cavity with a filler; S3: determining the expansion state of the expansion unit and the anchoring force of the first fixing unit in the borehole by pumping pressure of the fluid pumped into the expansion cavity; S4: Install the anchor plate and anchor nut on the second rod segment to complete pre-tightening. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Reference numerals: Anchor rod 1; first rod segment 11; second rod segment 12; delivery channel 13; first hole segment 131; second hole segment 132; First fixing assembly 2; expansion unit 21; fixing member 22; sealing member 23; The second fixing assembly 3; the anchor plate 31; the plate body 311; the top support portion 312; the anchor nut 32; the anchor pad 33; Expansion chamber 4; valve body 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention includes an anchor rod 1, a first fixing component 2 and a second fixing component 3, the anchor rod 1 includes a first rod segment 11 and a second rod segment 12, the first rod segment 11 is used to be inserted and assembled in the borehole of the surrounding rock, and the second rod segment 12 is used to extend out of the borehole of the surrounding rock, the first fixing component 2 includes an expansion unit 21, the expansion unit 21 is sleeved on the first rod segment 11 and can be deformed along the radial direction of the first rod segment 11, an expansion cavity 4 that can be filled with a filler is limited between the expansion unit 21 and the first rod segment 11, the expansion unit 21 is used to support the borehole of the surrounding rock to anchor the first rod segment 11, the second fixing component 3 includes an anchor plate 31 and an anchor nut 32, the anchor plate 31 is slidably penetrated through the second rod segment 12 and is used to press against the side wall of the surrounding rock, and the anchor nut 32 is threadedly connected to the second rod segment 12 and is used to fix the anchor plate 31.

[0023] The working principle of the self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: before installing the anchor rod 1, the installation state of the first fixing unit is determined to ensure that the expansion unit 21 is firmly connected to the first rod segment 11, and the expansion unit 21 is kept unfilled. After the drilling of the surrounding rock hole is completed, the anchor rod 1 is inserted into the borehole, and water, mortar or gas and other fluids are filled into the expansion chamber 4 to expand the expansion unit 21 along the radial direction of the first rod segment 11, and the expansion unit 21 is supported in the borehole. By observing the pumping pressure of the fluid, it is determined whether the expansion state of the expansion unit 21 and the anchoring force of the anchor rod 1 meet the requirements, the first fixing unit is installed in the borehole, and the preliminary anchoring of the anchor rod 1 is achieved. The anchor plate 31 and the anchor nut 32 are installed on the second rod segment 12, and the anchor plate 31 is pressed against the side wall of the surrounding rock by the anchor nut 32 to complete the pre-tightening.

[0024] The self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention does not require an anchoring agent. The anchor rod 1 can be directly installed in the surrounding rock borehole through the first fixing unit. The operation is convenient and the installation efficiency is high. It can also accurately judge whether the anchoring force of the anchor rod meets the requirements, thereby ensuring the anchoring reliability of the anchor rod.

[0025] Optionally, the expansion unit 21 adopts an expansion bladder.

[0026] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchor rod 1 is provided with a delivery channel 13, and the delivery channel 13 includes a first hole segment 131 and a second hole segment 132 which are connected to each other. The first hole segment 131 is axially arranged between the first rod segment 11 and the second rod segment 12 of the anchor rod 1, and the first hole segment 131 passes through the end face of the anchor rod 1 away from the first rod segment 11, and the second hole segment 132 extends radially along the anchor rod 1 and is connected to the expansion chamber 4.

[0027] Specifically, a fluid conveying channel 13 is provided on the anchor rod 1. The first hole section 131 of the conveying channel 13 passes through the end face of the second rod segment 12 and there is a set distance between the end face of the first rod segment 11. A pumping device is connected to the second rod segment 12 in the tunnel to facilitate filling the expansion chamber 4 with fluid filler. The fluid filler enters the expansion chamber 4 through the second hole section 132, thereby driving the expansion unit 21 to expand and deform along the radial direction of the first rod segment 11. The operation is convenient, and the separate setting of the conveying channel 13 is avoided, thereby reducing engineering consumables and improving the anchoring efficiency of the anchor rod 1.

[0028] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the first hole section 131 or the second hole section 132 is provided with a valve body 5, and the valve body 5 allows the fluid to enter the expansion chamber 4 along a single direction to prevent the filler in the expansion chamber 4 from flowing back along the conveying channel 13. The valve body 5 can selectively use a check valve. By setting the check valve, the fluid pressure in the expansion chamber 4 can still be guaranteed after the pumping equipment stops operating and is disassembled, thereby ensuring the anchoring effect of the expansion unit 21 in the borehole, which is safe and reliable.

[0029] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of second hole segments 132 are provided along the circumference of the anchor rod 1. Providing a plurality of second hole segments 132 can ensure that the fluid filler enters the expansion chamber 4 smoothly, avoiding blockage of a second hole segment 132 and thus affecting the pumping of the entire conveying channel 13, which is safe and reliable.

[0030] In some embodiments, the expansion unit 21 is connected to a delivery pipe, the other end of which is used to extend out of the drill hole in the surrounding rock. By setting the delivery pipe outside the anchor rod 1, the delivery pipe can be controlled individually to ensure the pumping of the fluid filling of the expansion chamber 4.

[0031] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the expansion unit 21 includes an expansion part and connecting parts arranged at both ends of the expansion part, and the first fixing assembly 2 includes a fixing piece 22, and the fixing piece 22 is arranged on the first rod segment 11 corresponding to the connecting part to fix and seal both ends of the expansion unit 21. By setting the fixing piece 22, the connecting parts at both ends of the expansion part are fixed to ensure the connection strength between the expansion unit 21 and the anchor rod 1 and the sealing requirements for the expansion cavity 4, thereby ensuring the anchoring effect of the anchor rod 1. Optionally, the fixing piece 22 is a fixing clamp adapted to the size of the anchor rod 1.

[0032] In some embodiments, the axial length of the expansion part along the anchor rod 1 is not less than two-thirds of the axial length of the expansion unit 21 along the anchor rod 1. By limiting the axial length of the expansion part along the anchor rod 1, the contact area between the expansion part and the drill hole is ensured, the anchoring force applied by the first fixing unit on the anchor rod 1 is increased, and reliable anchoring is ensured.

[0033] In some embodiments, Figure 2 As shown, the first fixing component 2 includes a seal 23, which is a sealing ring. The corresponding connecting portion of the seal 23 is sleeved on the first rod segment 11 to ensure the sealing fixation of both ends of the expansion part, avoid leakage of the fluid filler in the expansion chamber 4, and ensure the anchoring effect of the anchor rod 1.

[0034] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the anchor plate 31 includes a plate body 311 and a top support portion 312. The top support portion 312 is hemispherical and elastic. The cross-sectional diameter of the top support portion 312 decreases in the direction away from the plate body 311. The top support portion 312 is provided with a through hole for the anchor rod 1 to pass through. By providing the elastic top support portion 312, when installing the anchor nut 32, the anchor rod 1 can be gradually pre-tightened through the elastic deformation of the top support portion 312, while avoiding anchor failure of the anchor nut 32 during installation and use, which is safe and reliable.

[0035] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the second fixing assembly 3 includes an anchoring pad 33, which is hemispherical and is used to be sleeved on the second rod segment 12 and arranged between the anchoring nut 32 and the anchoring plate 31. The minimum diameter of the anchoring pad 33 is not greater than the diameter of the penetration hole.

[0036] A hemispherical anchoring pad 33 is provided, and the end with a smaller cross-sectional diameter of the anchoring pad 33 is supported on the supporting portion 312 of the anchoring plate 31. At the same time, part of the anchoring pad 33 can be sleeved in the occurrence hole to adjust the position of the supporting plate relative to the anchor rod 1, thereby ensuring that the anchoring nut 32 fixes the anchoring plate 31.

[0037] In some embodiments, there are multiple first fixing components 2, and the multiple first fixing components 2 are arranged at equal intervals on the first rod segment 11. By providing multiple first fixing components 2, the number of expansion units 21 can be increased, thereby improving the anchoring reliability of the anchor rod 1 in the surrounding rock.

[0038] The following describes a construction method of a self-anchoring anchor rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] The construction method of the self-anchoring anchor rod of the embodiment of the present invention includes the self-anchoring anchor rod of any of the above embodiments, and the construction method includes the following steps: S1: Fixing the first fixing assembly on the anchor rod, and keeping the expansion unit in a state of not being filled with filler; S2: inserting the first rod segment and the first fixing assembly into the borehole of the surrounding rock, connecting the pumping equipment, and filling the expansion cavity with a filler; S3: determining the expansion state of the expansion unit and the anchoring force of the first fixing unit in the borehole by pumping pressure of the fluid pumped into the expansion cavity; S4: Install the anchor plate and anchor nut on the second rod segment to complete pre-tightening.

[0040] The construction method of the self-anchoring anchor rod in the embodiment of the present invention does not require personnel to install resin anchors in the drill hole in advance. The anchoring force between the anchor rod and the surrounding rock hole is provided by the anchor rod itself. For different surrounding rock conditions, different sizes of anchoring forces can be adjusted by adjusting the volume and pressure of the fluid filler in the expansion unit. The construction process is convenient and reliable.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0042] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0043] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0045] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-anchoring anchor, characterized in that: include: An anchor rod, the anchor rod comprising a first rod segment and a second rod segment, the first rod segment being used for being inserted and assembled in a borehole in the surrounding rock, and the second rod segment being used for extending out of the borehole in the surrounding rock; a first fixing assembly, the first fixing assembly comprising an expansion unit, the expansion unit being sleeved on the first rod segment and being deformable in the radial direction of the first rod segment, an expansion cavity that can be filled with a filler being defined between the expansion unit and the first rod segment, the expansion unit being used to support a borehole in a surrounding rock to anchor the first rod segment; The second fixing assembly includes an anchor plate and an anchor nut. The anchor plate is slidably inserted into the second rod segment and is used to press against the side wall of the surrounding rock. The anchor nut is threadedly connected to the second rod segment and is used to fix the anchor plate.

2. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod is provided with a conveying channel, which includes a first hole segment and a second hole segment which are connected to each other. The first hole segment is axially arranged on the first rod segment and the second rod segment of the anchor rod, and the first hole segment passes through the end surface of the anchor rod away from the first rod segment. The second hole segment extends radially along the anchor rod and is connected to the expansion cavity.

3. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first hole section or the second hole section is provided with a valve body, and the valve body is used to prevent the filler in the expansion cavity from flowing back along the delivery channel, and / or the second hole section is provided with a plurality of valves along the circumference of the anchor rod.

4. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion unit is connected with a delivery pipe, and the other end of the delivery pipe is used to extend out of the drill hole of the surrounding rock.

5. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The expansion unit includes an expansion portion and connecting portions arranged at both ends of the expansion portion. The first fixing assembly includes a fixing piece, and the fixing piece is arranged on the first rod segment corresponding to the connecting portion to fix and seal both ends of the expansion unit.

6. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 5, characterized in that: The length dimension of the expansion portion along the axial direction of the anchor rod is not less than two thirds of the length dimension of the expansion unit along the axial direction of the anchor rod, and / or the first fixing assembly includes a seal, and the seal is sleeved on the first rod segment corresponding to the connecting portion.

7. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring plate comprises a plate body and a top support portion, wherein the top support portion is hemispherical and elastic, and the cross-sectional diameter of the top support portion decreases in a direction away from the plate body. The top support portion is provided with a through hole for the anchoring rod to pass through.

8. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second fixing assembly includes an anchoring pad, which is hemispherical and used to be sleeved on the second rod segment and arranged between the anchoring nut and the anchoring plate. The minimum diameter of the anchoring pad is not greater than the diameter of the penetration hole.

9. The self-anchoring anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are a plurality of the first fixing components, and the plurality of the first fixing components are arranged at equal intervals on the first rod segment.

10. A construction method for a self-anchoring anchor rod, characterized in that: Based on the self-anchoring anchor rod according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the construction method comprises the following steps: S1: Fixing the first fixing assembly on the anchor rod, and keeping the expansion unit in a state of not being filled with filler; S2: inserting the first rod segment and the first fixing assembly into the drilled hole of the surrounding rock, and filling the expansion cavity with a filler; S3: determining the expansion state of the expansion unit and the anchoring force of the first fixing unit in the borehole by pumping pressure of the fluid pumped into the expansion cavity; S4: Install the anchor plate and anchor nut on the second rod segment to complete pre-tightening.

Images