Passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnel

Abstract

The invention discloses a passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel, and relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, a ventilation part comprises an exhaust pipe, an exhaust cap arranged on the exhaust pipe, a power generation assembly arranged on the exhaust cap, and a detection assembly arranged on the exhaust pipe; wherein the exhaust pipe can effectively guide internal foul gas to be exhausted to the outside and ensure smooth airflow, the exhaust cap is used for airflow guiding and sucking components, and the power generation assembly is used for kinetic energy conversion; according to the passive ventilation device, through comprehensive design, the beneficial effects of efficient ventilation, low noise, rain and dust prevention, intelligent monitoring, energy self-sufficiency, stable structure, attractiveness, maintenance cost reduction, safety enhancement and the like are achieved. The design characteristics jointly ensure efficient operation of the passive ventilation device in the cable tunnel, the ventilation effect is improved, the environmental safety is guaranteed, the maintenance cost is reduced, and the reliability and efficiency of the whole system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and in particular to a passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the power system, cable tunnels, as an important part of urban underground power transmission, are receiving more and more attention for their internal environment management and maintenance. Cable tunnels are closed for a long time, which can easily cause poor air circulation, leading to deterioration of air quality and even the generation of harmful gases, which not only affects the normal operation of the cables, but also may pose a health threat to the workers who enter the tunnels for inspection and maintenance.

[0003] At present, there are two main ways to ventilate cable tunnels: natural ventilation and active fan ventilation systems. However, both methods have certain limitations. Natural ventilation is subject to external meteorological conditions, and the ventilation effect is unstable, especially when weather conditions are bad, it is almost impossible to achieve effective ventilation. Although active fans can provide a relatively stable ventilation effect, they require an external power supply, which increases the complexity and cost of the system. At the same time, the fan generates a lot of noise when it is running, and once a failure occurs, it may cause the ventilation system to fail, affecting the work efficiency and personal safety of the staff. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the fact that the existing cable tunnel ventilation mainly relies on natural ventilation and active fans, the former has unstable effect and the latter requires external power supply, is noisy and prone to failure, a passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnels is proposed.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the ventilation component includes an exhaust pipe, an exhaust cap arranged on the exhaust pipe, a power generation component arranged on the exhaust cap, and a detection component arranged on the exhaust pipe; wherein, the exhaust pipe can effectively guide the internal dirty gas to be discharged to the outside to ensure smooth airflow, the exhaust cap is used for airflow guidance and suction components, and the power generation component is used for kinetic energy conversion.

[0006] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnels described in the present invention, the inner wall of the exhaust pipe is a smooth curved surface, which can reduce the friction loss of the airflow and ensure smooth airflow; the exhaust pipe is in a flat-top cone shape, which can better utilize the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor to produce a chimney effect.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel described in the present invention, dustproof nets are installed at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust pipe, and the dustproof nets are used to prevent dust and impurities from entering and keep the interior clean.

[0008] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel described in the present invention, a sound absorbing panel is installed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe, and the sound absorbing panel is used to reduce the noise generated when the airflow passes through.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnels described in the present invention, the design of the exhaust cap is based on the Bernoulli principle of aerodynamics. When external air flows through the exhaust cap, a Coanda effect is generated on the surface of the fairing to form a multi-dimensional flow. The exhaust cap is in the shape of an inverted flat-top cone, which can make the airflow pass through the exhaust pipe more smoothly.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel described in the present invention, a fan is arranged on the inner wall of the exhaust cap.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnels described in the present invention, the power generation component includes a photovoltaic power generation panel arranged on the upper end of the exhaust cap and a protective cover arranged on the photovoltaic power generation panel.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel described in the present invention, the outer wall of the protective cover is in an arc shape, which can effectively prevent rainwater from entering.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for cable tunnels described in the present invention, the protective cover is made of transparent material to prevent dust, sand and other impurities from falling on the solar panels.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel described in the present invention, the detection component is a gas detector, and the gas detector is installed on the exhaust pipe.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the passive ventilation device of the present invention achieves the beneficial effects of high-efficiency ventilation, low noise, rain and dust prevention, intelligent monitoring, energy self-sufficiency, structural stability, aesthetics, reduced maintenance costs and enhanced safety through comprehensive design. These design features jointly ensure the efficient operation of the passive ventilation device in the cable tunnel, improve the ventilation effect, ensure environmental safety, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the reliability and efficiency of the overall system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the passive ventilation device in the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the passive ventilation device in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the exhaust pipe in the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the exhaust pipe in the present invention.

[0021] Figure numerals: 100, ventilation component; 101, exhaust pipe; 102, exhaust cap; 103, power generation component; 104, detection component; 101a, dust net; 101b, sound absorbing panel; 102a, fan; 103a, photovoltaic power generation panel; 103b, protective cover; 104a, gas detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0023] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0024] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0025] Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagram. When describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, for the sake of convenience, the cross-sectional diagrams showing the device structure will not be partially enlarged according to the general scale, and the schematic diagrams are only examples, which should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In addition, in actual production, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included.

[0026] Example 1, reference Figure 1 to Figure 4 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides a passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel, including: a ventilation component 100 includes an exhaust pipe 101, an exhaust cap 102 arranged on the exhaust pipe 101, a power generation component 103 arranged on the exhaust cap 102, and a detection component 104 arranged on the exhaust pipe 101; wherein the exhaust pipe 101 can effectively guide the internal dirty gas to be discharged to the outside to ensure smooth airflow, the exhaust cap 102 is used for airflow guidance and suction components, and the power generation component 103 is used for kinetic energy conversion.

[0027] Among them, the main function of the exhaust pipe 101 is to guide the internal dirty gas to be discharged to the outside to ensure smooth airflow. The exhaust cap 102 is used for airflow guidance and suction to improve ventilation effect. The power generation component 103 is used to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy to provide power for electronic equipment such as the detection component 104; the detection component 104 is used to monitor the gas concentration in the cable tunnel to ensure environmental safety.

[0028] The inner wall of the exhaust pipe 101 is a smooth curved surface, which can reduce the friction loss of the airflow and ensure smooth airflow; the exhaust pipe 101 is in a flat-top cone shape, which can better utilize the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor to produce a chimney effect.

[0029] It should be noted that the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 101 is set to be smooth in order to ensure the smooth flow of airflow, reduce airflow resistance, and improve ventilation effect. The specific description is as follows: first, the smooth inner wall can significantly reduce the friction loss between the airflow and the pipe wall. When the airflow reconstructs the rough surface, it will encounter more resistance, the inverted airflow speed will be reduced, and the ventilation effect will be weakened; and the smooth inner wall can reduce the resistance of the airflow, making it easier for the airflow to pass through the exhaust pipe 101, increasing the airflow speed, and thus enhancing the ventilation effect; second, the smooth inner wall can reduce the turbulence of the airflow, which will cause irregular airflow. Movement increases the chaos of the airflow and reduces the uniformity and stability of the airflow; thirdly, the smooth inner wall can reduce the accumulation of dust and debris. Dust and debris are easy to adhere to the rough surface. Over time, they will gradually accumulate and affect the smoothness of the airflow; at the same time, the smooth inner wall is easier to clean, reducing the maintenance frequency and cost. When cleaning, dust and debris are easier to be removed, keeping the exhaust pipe 101 clean and unobstructed; fourthly, the smooth inner wall can reduce the noise generated when the airflow passes through. When the airflow passes through a rough surface, it will generate more turbulence and eddies, all of which will increase the noise of the airflow.

[0030] The exhaust pipe 101 is often made of stainless steel, which has a smooth surface, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and high strength.

[0031] In summary, the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 101 needs to be smooth in order to reduce airflow resistance, optimize airflow distribution, prevent dust accumulation, reduce noise, improve durability, and enhance the overall appearance. Through these design features, the smooth inner wall can significantly improve the ventilation effect and overall performance of the passive ventilation device, ensuring its efficient operation in various environments.

[0032] It should be noted that designing the exhaust pipe 101 into a flat-top cone shape can make the airflow pass through the exhaust pipe 101 more smoothly and reduce airflow resistance. The airflow speed will increase when passing through the gradually tapering pipe, which is mainly effective in improving the gas discharge efficiency. The conical exhaust pipe 101 can better guide the airflow so that it forms a more uniform distribution at the exhaust cap 102, thereby enhancing the jet effect and negative pressure suction effect; the conical exhaust pipe 101 can better utilize the chimney effect caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor; during the rising process of hot gases, the airflow speed will increase due to the gradual tapering of the pipe, thereby more effectively discharging indoor gases. The conical design helps to improve the heat exhaust efficiency, dissipate hot gases faster, reduce indoor temperature, and improve ventilation effects.

[0033] In summary, designing the exhaust pipe 101 into a flat-top cone shape can significantly improve the airflow guidance, chimney effect, structural strength and aesthetics of the passive ventilation device. This design not only optimizes the ventilation effect, but also improves the reliability and safety of the system, ensuring effective movement in various environments. Through reasonable design, the flat-top cone-shaped exhaust pipe 101 plays an important role in the passive ventilation device and improves the overall performance.

[0034] Dust-proof nets 101a are installed at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust pipe 101, and the dust-proof nets 101a are used to prevent dust and impurities from entering and keep the interior clean.

[0035] It should be noted that the dustproof net 101a installed at the inlet of the exhaust pipe 101 can effectively block external dust, sand, leaves and other debris from entering the exhaust pipe 101, thereby keeping the interior clean; installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 101, it can prevent external dust and debris from entering the exhaust pipe 101 from the outlet, and can also prevent internal dust and debris from re-entering after being discharged; not only that, the dustproof net 101a can protect the internal gas detector 104a, fan motor and other electronic equipment, prevent dust and debris from entering these devices, reduce malfunctions and damages caused by dust accumulation, extend the service life of the internal equipment, and reduce the frequency of replacement and maintenance; and the dustproof net 101a can reduce the accumulation of dust and debris inside the exhaust pipe 101, and reduce the frequency and cost of regular cleaning.

[0036] The dustproof net 101a generally has a mesh size of 1-5 mm.

[0037] In summary, installing dustproof nets 101a at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust pipe 101 can bring many benefits, including preventing dust and debris from entering, protecting internal equipment, improving ventilation effects, reducing maintenance costs, and enhancing safety, aesthetics and environmental adaptability. Through these design features, the dustproof net 101a plays an important role in the passive ventilation device and improves the overall performance and reliability.

[0038] The inner wall of the exhaust pipe 101 is installed with a sound absorbing plate 101b, which is used to reduce the noise generated when the air flows through. The design of the exhaust cap 102 is based on the Bernoulli principle of aerodynamics. When the external air flows through the exhaust cap 102, a Coanda effect will be generated on the surface of the fairing to form a multi-dimensional flow. The exhaust cap 102 is in the shape of an inverted flat-topped cone, which can make the air flow pass through the exhaust pipe 101 more smoothly. The inner wall of the exhaust cap 102 is provided with a fan 102a.

[0039] It should be noted that the sound absorbing panel 101b is installed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 101 to reduce the noise generated when the airflow passes through. Its functions include: reducing the airflow noise. The sound absorbing panel 101b can absorb the noise generated when the airflow passes through, reduce the turbulence and eddy current of the airflow, and reduce the noise level; improving the quietness performance. By reducing the noise, the sound absorbing panel 101b can improve the quietness performance of the ventilation device and provide a quieter working environment; the design of the exhaust cap 102 is based on the Bernoulli principle of aerodynamics. When the external air flows through the exhaust cap 10 2, a Coanda effect will occur on the fairing surface to form a multi-dimensional flow; its functions are: to reduce airflow resistance, enhance airflow suction and optimize airflow distribution; the application of Bernoulli's principle can reduce the resistance of the airflow when it passes through the exhaust cap 102, making the airflow smoother. The Coanda effect makes the airflow form a multi-dimensional flow on the fairing surface, generating a jet effect and a negative pressure suction effect, sucking the dirty gas in the exhaust cavity outward, enhancing the ventilation effect, and the multi-dimensional flow can optimize the distribution of the airflow, reduce the turbulence and irregular movement of the airflow, and improve the uniformity of the airflow. Uniformity and stability; the exhaust cap 102 is in the shape of an inverted flat-top cone, which can make the airflow pass through the exhaust pipe 101 more smoothly. Its main function is to reduce airflow resistance and enhance the chimney effect. The conical design can make the airflow pass through the exhaust pipe 101 more smoothly, reduce airflow resistance, and increase airflow speed. The conical exhaust cap 102 can better utilize the chimney effect caused by the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, so that hot gas can be removed more quickly and the ventilation effect can be improved; the fan 102a installed inside the exhaust cap 102 is used to provide an active exhaust mode when needed. In specific circumstances, such as when a large amount of gas needs to be quickly removed, the fan 102a can provide additional suction force to enhance the ventilation effect, and the fan 102a can be linked with the gas detector 104a to automatically adjust the operating mode according to the gas concentration to ensure environmental safety. At the same time, when the ventilation effect is insufficient or ventilation needs to be strengthened, the fan 102a can be used as a backup function to provide additional ventilation support. The setting of the fan 102a improves the reliability of the system and ensures effective operation under various environmental conditions.

[0040] In summary, through the above-mentioned design features, the exhaust cap 102 plays an important role in the passive ventilation device. These design features jointly ensure the efficient operation of the passive ventilation device in the cable tunnel, improve the ventilation effect, ensure environmental safety, reduce maintenance costs, and improve the reliability and efficiency of the overall system.

[0041] Example 2, reference Figure 1 to Figure 4, which is the second embodiment of the present invention, is based on the previous embodiment, and the difference is that: the power generation component 103 includes a photovoltaic power generation panel 103a arranged on the upper end of the exhaust cap 102, and a protective cover 103b arranged on the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a. The outer wall of the protective cover 103b is in an arc shape, which can effectively prevent rainwater from entering. The protective cover 103b is made of transparent material and is used to prevent dust, sand and impurities from falling on the solar panel.

[0042] Among them, the power generation component 103 is an important component of the passive ventilation device, mainly including a photovoltaic power generation panel 103a arranged at the upper end of the exhaust cap 102 and a protective cover 103b arranged on the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a; the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy to provide power for electronic equipment in the ventilation device, such as a gas detector 104a, a fan 102a, etc. The photovoltaic power generation panel 103a is installed at the upper end of the exhaust cap 102 to ensure that it will not loosen under wind pressure and external load. The protective cover 103b is used to protect the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a, prevent rainwater, dust, sand and other impurities from falling on the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a, and ensure the cleanliness and efficient operation of the light panel. The outer wall of the protective cover 103b is set to an arc shape, which can effectively prevent rainwater from directly entering the interior of the protective cover 103b. After the rainwater contacts the arc surface, it will slide along the surface instead of directly entering the photovoltaic power generation panel 103a, and the arc surface can reduce the accumulation of dust and sand, and keep the light panel clean.

[0043] It should be noted that the protective cover 103b made of transparent material allows the staff to directly observe the operation of the photovoltaic panel 103a without opening the protective cover 103b, which is convenient for timely detection of problems and maintenance. At the same time, the transparent material can allow natural light to pass through, reduce the reflection loss of light, and improve the absorption efficiency of the light panel. The transparent material can be selected with UV protection function to reduce the damage of UV rays to the photovoltaic panel 103a and extend the service life of the photovoltaic panel 103a; the protective cover 103b is generally made of polycarbonate, which has good transparency, weather resistance and pressure resistance, and is more suitable for outdoor use. The protective cover 103b is installed above the photovoltaic panel 103a, usually connected by snaps or screws to ensure that it will not loosen under wind pressure and external loads.

[0044] In summary, through the above design, the photovoltaic panel 103a and the protective cover 103b in the power generation component 103 can work together effectively to ensure the efficient operation of the passive ventilation device under various environmental conditions. The photovoltaic panel 103a provides stable electricity, and the protective cover 103b protects the photovoltaic panel 103a from rain, dust and sand, ensuring the cleanliness and efficient operation of the photovoltaic panel. These design features together improve the reliability and performance of the system and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0045] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0046] Example 3, reference Figure 1 to Figure 4 , which is the third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the second embodiment in that the detection component 104 is a gas detector 104a, and the gas detector 104a is installed on the exhaust pipe 101.

[0047] Among them, in the passive ventilation device, the detection component 104 usually refers to the gas detector 104a, which is installed on the exhaust pipe 101 and is used to monitor the gas concentration in the cable tunnel to ensure environmental safety. The gas monitor can monitor the gas concentration in the cable tunnel in real time, including harmful gases such as oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and combustible gases. Its function is to be able to promptly detect abnormal concentrations of harmful gases, prevent safety accidents such as poisoning, suffocation and explosion, ensure that the air quality in the cable tunnel meets safety standards, and provide a safe working environment for staff.

[0048] It should be noted that when the gas monitor detects that the concentration of harmful gases exceeds the preset safety limit, the gas detector 104a will automatically send out an audible and visual alarm signal, which is used to remind the staff to take corresponding safety measures, such as evacuating the scene or starting the ventilation system, and recording the alarm time and gas concentration for subsequent analysis and management. Moreover, the gas detector 104a can record the detected gas concentration data and transmit it to the central control system wirelessly or wiredly, so as to facilitate remote monitoring and management by management personnel and timely understand the gas conditions in the tunnel. The recorded data can be used for historical data analysis to help optimize the operation of the ventilation system.

[0049] The gas detector 104a is installed at the bottom of the exhaust pipe 101 to ensure that the gas concentration in the tunnel can be effectively detected.

[0050] It should be noted that the gas detector 104a needs to be calibrated regularly to ensure the accuracy of the detection results. During calibration, zero-point calibration needs to be performed in an environment without harmful gases to ensure that the reference value of the gas detector 104a is accurate. Standard gas calibration is performed using standard gas of known concentration to verify the accuracy of the gas detector 104a.

[0051] Monitor the gas concentration in real time through the display screen of the gas detector 104a or the central control system, check the movement status of the gas detector 104a regularly to ensure its normal operation, clean the gas sensor regularly to prevent dust and debris from affecting the detection accuracy. When the gas detector 104a sends out an alarm signal, the following measures should be taken immediately: First, quickly organize personnel to evacuate the scene to ensure personnel safety; second, start the passive ventilation device to enhance the ventilation effect and exhaust harmful gases as soon as possible; third, notify the safety management personnel and relevant departments to take further safety measures. The gas detector 104a will automatically record the detected gas concentration data, and the data can be exported or transmitted to the central control system via the network. The recorded data can be analyzed through data analysis software to identify potential safety hazards and optimize the operation of the ventilation system.

[0052] In summary, the gas detector 104a plays a key role in the passive ventilation device. It ensures the environmental safety in the cable tunnel through real-time monitoring of gas concentration, automatic alarm, data recording and transmission, etc. Through reasonable installation, calibration, setting of alarm thresholds, monitoring and maintenance, the role of the gas detector 104a can be fully utilized to improve the reliability and safety of the overall system.

[0053] The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 2.

[0054] Additionally, in order to provide a concise description of exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual embodiment (ie, those features that are not relevant to the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the invention or those that are not relevant to implementing the invention) may not be described.

[0055] It will be appreciated that in the development of any actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort may be complex and time-consuming, but will be a routine task of design, fabrication, and production for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure without undue experimentation.

[0056] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel, characterized in that: include, The ventilation component (100) comprises an exhaust pipe (101), an exhaust cap (102) arranged on the exhaust pipe (101), a power generation component (103) arranged on the exhaust cap (102), and a detection component (104) arranged on the exhaust pipe (101); The exhaust pipe (101) can effectively guide the internal dirty gas to be discharged to the outside to ensure smooth airflow, the exhaust cap (102) is used for airflow guidance and suction components, and the power generation component (103) is used for kinetic energy conversion.

2. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the exhaust pipe (101) is a smooth curved surface, which can reduce friction loss of airflow and ensure smooth airflow; the exhaust pipe (101) is in a flat-top cone shape, which can better utilize the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor to produce a chimney effect.

3. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Dust-proof nets (101a) are installed at the inlet and outlet of the exhaust pipe (101), and the dust-proof nets (101a) are used to prevent dust and impurities from entering and keep the interior clean.

4. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: A sound absorbing panel (101b) is installed on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe (101), and the sound absorbing panel (101b) is used to reduce the noise generated when air flows through.

5. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The design of the exhaust cap (102) is based on the Bernoulli principle of aerodynamics. When external air flows through the exhaust cap (102), a Coanda effect is generated on the surface of the fairing to form a multi-dimensional flow. The exhaust cap (102) is in the shape of an inverted flat-topped cone, which can enable airflow to pass through the exhaust pipe (101) more smoothly.

6. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the exhaust cap (102) is provided with a fan (102a).

7. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The power generation component (103) comprises a photovoltaic power generation panel (103a) arranged on the upper end of the exhaust cap (102), and a protective cover (103b) arranged on the photovoltaic power generation panel (103a).

8. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall of the protective cover (103b) is in an arc shape, which can effectively prevent rainwater from entering.

9. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The protective cover (103b) is made of transparent material and is used to prevent dust, sand and other impurities from falling onto the solar panel.

10. A passive ventilation device suitable for a cable tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The detection component (104) is a gas detector (104a), and the gas detector (104a) is installed on the exhaust pipe (101).

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