Driving axle-hung box bearing test device and bearing test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a driving axle-hung box bearing test device and a bearing test method. The driving axle-hung box bearing test device comprises a test axle with a known size, an axle-hung box body and bearing mounting structures arranged at two ends in the axle-hung box body, the bearing mounting structure comprises a transition bearing seat and a space ring; the bearing mounting structure arranged at one end in the axle suspension box body further comprises an adjusting gasket; and two sides of the axle suspension box body are respectively connected with the axial loading device and the radial loading device. According to the driving axle-hung box bearing test device, the test axle, the axle-hung box body and the bearing installation structure with known sizes are combined with the to-be-tested bearing with the known size to obtain the set width of the needed adjusting washer, and the actual axial clearance is obtained by installing the adjusting washer with the specific width and calculating, so that the installation quality of the test bearing is ensured; the axial loading device and the radial loading device are arranged, so that the stress state of the axle-hung box bearing can be completely simulated, the stress state is closer to the real working condition, and the accuracy and the reliability of the test result are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of axle box bearing testing, and in particular to a driving axle box bearing testing device and a bearing testing method. Background Art

[0002] The axle box bearing is a key component of the locomotive running gear. Its performance directly affects the running safety of the locomotive vehicle. Once a failure occurs, it will not only cause economic losses, but also have a great impact on society. Therefore, this type of newly developed new bearing must be tested for reliability before installation and operation. At present, there is no test bench at home and abroad that simulates the actual installation layout structure of the axle box bearing. All tests are completed on fatigue testing machines, only considering the test of a single set of axle box bearings, and not considering the installation layout and axial clearance of the axle box bearings on the test results. However, the axle box bearing generally uses a tapered roller bearing. The axial clearance of the tapered roller bearing has a great influence on the running results. If it is too small, it will cause the bearing to generate a lot of heat or even get stuck; if it is too large, it will cause the bearing to be overloaded, causing abnormal contact or even damage to the seal. Therefore, in order to more accurately test and verify the quality and performance of the axle box bearing, the design of the test device of the axle box bearing and the adjustment of the clearance are the key to the reliability of the test results. At present, the axial clearance of the axle box bearing is measured after installation to ensure that the bearing is running normally.

[0003] Since the structure of the simulated axle box bearing test device is large and complex, after installation, it is mainly achieved by repeatedly disassembling the axle box and adjusting the gaskets, and processing the adjustment gaskets. The clearance measurement and adjustment process is very cumbersome, and the repeated disassembly and adjustment of the gaskets takes a long time, and has a certain impact on the tooling and bearings. Foreign impurities are also easily introduced into the cavity, making it impossible to guarantee the installation quality of the bearing to be tested, and thus the measurement accuracy of the axial clearance cannot be guaranteed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a driving axle box bearing test device and a bearing test method to solve the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A driving axle box bearing test device comprises a test axle of known size, an axle box body and bearing mounting structures arranged at both ends of the axle box body;

[0007] The bearing installation structure includes a transition bearing seat and a spacer ring;

[0008] The test axle is installed in the axle holder box body, the transition bearing seat is installed in the axle holder box body and is arranged on the outside of the test axle, two bearings to be tested with known sizes are respectively installed in two transition bearing seats at both ends of the axle holder box body and are installed back to back at the axle shoulders at both ends of the test axle, and the size relationship between the bearing to be tested and the bearing installation structure and the axle holder box body can be obtained by measurement; the spacer ring is set on the test axle and its two ends are respectively in contact with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested and the shoulder of the test axle;

[0009] End covers are provided at both ends of the axle box body, the end covers are arranged at one end of the bearing to be tested away from the spacer, and the transition bearing seat is arranged between the end covers and the shaft shoulder of the axle box body;

[0010] A bearing mounting structure disposed at one end of the axle-holding box body also includes an adjusting washer, which is disposed between the transition bearing seat and the axle-holding box body shoulder located at the side, and the two sides of the adjusting washer are respectively in contact with the two;

[0011] The two sides of the axle box body are respectively connected to the axial loading device and the radial loading device. The axial loading device is used to apply an axial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle box body, and the radial loading device is used to apply a radial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle box body.

[0012] Furthermore, the bearing mounting structures provided at both ends of the axle-holding box body include a left bearing mounting structure and a right bearing mounting structure;

[0013] The left bearing installation structure comprises a left transition bearing seat and a left spacer, and a left bearing to be tested is installed in the left transition bearing seat; the left spacer is arranged between the left shoulder of the test vehicle axle and the left bearing to be tested, and the left end cover arranged on the left side of the axle box body is pressed tightly on the end of the left bearing to be tested away from the left spacer, and the two sides of the left transition bearing seat are respectively fitted with the left bearing to be tested and the left shoulder of the axle box body;

[0014] The right bearing installation structure comprises a right transition bearing seat and a right spacer, wherein a right bearing to be tested is installed in the right transition bearing seat; the right spacer is arranged between the right shoulder of the test vehicle axle and the right bearing to be tested, and the right end cover arranged on the right side of the axle box body is pressed against the end of the right bearing to be tested away from the right spacer;

[0015] The adjusting washer is arranged between the right transition bearing seat and the right shoulder of the axle box body, and is fixed in the axle box body;

[0016] Both the left end cover and the right end cover are provided with oil filling holes, a left oil filling chamber is provided between the left end cover and the left bearing to be tested, and a right oil filling chamber is provided between the right end cover and the right bearing to be tested, and the left oil filling chamber and the right oil filling chamber are respectively connected to the oil filling holes on the side end cover.

[0017] Furthermore, the axle holding box body comprises an axle holding box upper body and an axle holding box lower body, and the axle holding box upper body and the axle holding box lower body are detachably connected.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a first support seat and a second support seat, and the two ends of the test axle extending out of the axle box body are respectively arranged in the first support seat and the second support seat.

[0019] Furthermore, the radial loading device includes a radial loading block, a radial pull rod and a radial force loading cylinder which are connected in sequence; one end of the radial loading block away from the radial pull rod is connected to the axle box body; and the radial pull rod is arranged along the radial direction of the test axle.

[0020] Furthermore, the axial loading device includes an axial loading block, an axial pull rod and an axial force loading cylinder which are connected in sequence; the end of the axial loading block away from the axial pull rod is connected to the axle box body; the axial pull rod is arranged along the axial direction of the test vehicle axle.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a test box, on which a left test box main seat and a right test box main seat are provided, the first support seat is clearance-matched with the left test box main seat, and the second support seat is clearance-matched with the right test box main seat.

[0022] Furthermore, the adjusting washer comprises an upper structure and a lower structure, the upper structure is fixed to the upper box body of the axle box by countersunk screws, and the lower structure is fixed to the lower box body of the axle box by countersunk screws.

[0023] Furthermore, a method for carrying out a bearing test using the drive axle box bearing test device comprises the following steps:

[0024] S1: Based on the dimensions of the bearing to be tested, the test axle, the axle box body, the bearing mounting structure, the designed axial clearance range value and the dimensional relationship among the five, the width range of the adjustment shim is calculated, the actual adjustment shim within the width range is obtained, and the actual axial clearance δ' is calculated by the actual width of the adjustment shim;

[0025] S2: Install the spacer ring on the test spindle; install the outer ring of the bearing on the transition bearing seat and then install it on the test spindle; press the inner component of the bearing onto the test vehicle axle and make it contact with the spacer ring to complete the installation of the test vehicle shaft system; fix the adjustment gasket processed according to the actual adjustment gasket width designed into the axle holder box; install the test vehicle shaft system on the axle holder box, install the end covers on both sides of the axle holder box, and complete the installation of the axle holder box test device;

[0026] S3: Connect the axle box test device with the axial loading device and the radial loading device;

[0027] S4: Measure the test axial clearance to obtain the measured test axial clearance, and judge whether the measured test axial clearance is within the designed axial clearance range and whether the difference between the measured test axial clearance and the calculated actual axial clearance δ' is within the set range. If so, perform the axle box bearing test.

[0028] Further, the method for obtaining the actual axial clearance δ' comprises the following steps:

[0029] S11: Measure the interference between the inner diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the test axle, which are H 11 , H 12 , the interference H between the outer diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the transition bearing seat 21 , H 22 ;

[0030] S12: According to the following formula (1), combined with the designed maximum axial clearance δ max , calculate the minimum value C of the adjustment gasket width 3min :

[0031] C 3min =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ max +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0032] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(1)

[0033] According to the following formula (2), combined with the designed minimum axial clearance δ min , calculate the maximum value C of the bearing adjustment washer width 3max :

[0034] C 3max =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ min +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0035] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(2)

[0036] Wherein, C1 is the distance from the left shoulder of the axle box body to the outer end face of the left bearing to be tested; C2 is the distance between the left shoulder of the axle box body and the right shoulder of the axle box body; C4 is the width of the outer ring of the right bearing to be tested positioned by the right transition bearing seat; B1 is the width of the inner ring of the left bearing to be tested; B2 is the axial width of the left spacer; B3 is the distance between the left shoulder of the test vehicle axle and the right shoulder of the test vehicle axle; B4 is the axial width of the right spacer, and B5 is the width of the inner ring of the right bearing to be tested; T1 is the assembly height of the left bearing to be tested; T2 is the assembly height of the right bearing to be tested; D is the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested; d is the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested; di is the raceway size of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested; De is the raceway size of the outer ring of the bearing to be tested; ɑ is the contact angle of the bearing to be tested; δ max is the maximum axial clearance, δ min is the minimum value of axial clearance;

[0037] S13: Design adjustment gasket actual width C3' in C 3min ~C 3max A value between the range, and C3' is substituted into formula (3) to calculate the actual axial clearance δ';

[0038] δ'=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(C1+C2+C3'+C4)-T1-T2-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0039] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(3)

[0040] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0041] A driving axle box bearing test device disclosed in the present invention obtains the setting width of the adjusting washer required to adjust the axial clearance to meet the design requirements by setting a test axle, an axle box body, a bearing mounting structure and a bearing to be tested whose own dimensions are known and whose dimensional relationship with the axle box body and the bearing mounting structure is known. By installing an adjusting washer of a specific width, it is ensured that the axial clearance is adjusted to the set range, and the actual axial clearance value can be calculated to ensure the installation quality of the test bearing, and further ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test data. Before the various structures of the test device are installed, the axial clearance can be adjusted to meet the design requirements only by adjusting the adjusting washers of different widths. There is no need to repeatedly disassemble and assemble the test device and repeatedly measure it, and the operation is very convenient. At the same time, the device is provided with an axial loading device and a radial loading device, which can fully simulate the stress state of the axle box bearing during the test, which is closer to the actual working condition, and further improves the accuracy and reliability of the test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 It is a top cross-sectional view of a driving axle box bearing test device disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view in the AA direction;

[0045] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A;

[0046] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B.

[0047] In the figure:

[0048] 1. Test axle; 11. Test axle left shoulder; 12. Test axle right shoulder;

[0049] 2. The first support seat;

[0050] 3. Axle box body; 31. Upper axle box body; 32. Lower axle box body; 33. Left shoulder of the axle box body; 34. Right shoulder of the axle box body;

[0051] 4. Coupling;

[0052] 5. Left bearing installation structure; 51. Left oil injection nozzle; 52. Left end cover; 53. Left bearing to be tested; 54. Left transition bearing seat; 55. Left spacer; 56. Left oil injection chamber;

[0053] 6. Right bearing installation structure; 61. Screws; 62. Adjusting washers; 63. Right transition bearing seat; 64. Right oil filling chamber; 65. Right end cover; 66. Right oil filling nozzle; 67. Right spacer; 68. Right bearing to be tested;

[0054] 7. The second support seat;

[0055] 8. Radial loading device; 81. Radial loading block; 82. Radial connecting pin; 83. First joint bearing; 84. Radial pull rod; 84. Radial pull rod; 85. Radial force sensor; 86. Radial force slideway; 87. Radial force loading cylinder;

[0056] 9. Axial loading device; 91. Axial loading block; 92. Axial connecting pin; 93. Second joint bearing; 94. Axial pull rod; 95. Axial force sensor; 96. Axial force loading cylinder;

[0057] 10. Test box; 101. Left test box main seat; 102. Right test box main seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] like Figure 1 The figure shows a driving axle box bearing test device provided in this embodiment, comprising a test axle 1 of known size, an axle box body 3, and bearing mounting structures arranged at both ends of the axle box body 3;

[0060] The bearing installation structure includes a transition bearing seat and a spacer ring;

[0061] The test axle is installed in the axle box body 3, the transition bearing seat is installed in the axle box body 3 and is arranged on the outside of the test axle, two bearings to be tested with known sizes are respectively installed in two transition bearing seats at both ends of the axle box body 3 and are installed back to back at the axle shoulders at both ends of the test axle, and the size relationship between the bearing to be tested and the bearing installation structure and the axle box body is obtained by measurement; the spacer is set on the test axle and its two ends are respectively in contact with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested and the shoulder of the test axle;

[0062] End covers are provided at both ends of the axle box body 3, and the end covers are provided at one end of the bearing to be tested away from the spacer ring, and the transition bearing seat is provided between the end covers and the shaft shoulder of the axle box body 3;

[0063] The bearing mounting structure disposed at one end of the axle box housing 3 further includes an adjusting washer 62, which is disposed between the transition bearing seat and the axle shoulder of the axle box housing 3 on this side, and the two sides of the adjusting washer 62 are respectively in contact with the two.

[0064] The two sides of the axle box body 3 are respectively connected to the axial loading device 9 and the radial loading device 8. The axial loading device 9 is used to apply an axial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle box body 3, and the radial loading device 8 is used to apply a radial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle box body 3.

[0065] The structure of the bearing box of this test device is completely consistent with that of the bearing box in actual application. The installation position of the test bearing in the bearing box and the matching size of the bearing inner diameter and outer diameter are also completely consistent with the actual working conditions to ensure the accuracy of the test results.

[0066] The known (measured) dimensions of the test axle, axle box housing, and bearing mounting structure, the known dimensions of the bearing to be tested, and the dimensional relationship between the bearing to be tested and the bearing mounting structure include:

[0067] The distance from the left shoulder of the axle box to the outer end of the left bearing to be tested is C1;

[0068] The distance C2 between the two shaft shoulders inside the axle box (the left shoulder of the axle box and the right shoulder of the axle box); the width C4 of the outer ring of the transition bearing seat positioning bearing; the width B1 of the inner ring of the left bearing to be tested; the axial width B2 of the left spacer; the distance B3 between the two shaft shoulders on both sides of the test axle (the left shoulder of the test axle and the right shoulder of the test axle); the axial width B4 of the right spacer, the width B5 of the inner ring of the right bearing to be tested; the assembly height T1 of the left bearing to be tested; the assembly height T2 of the right bearing to be tested; the outer diameter dimension D of the bearing to be tested; the inner diameter dimension d of the bearing to be tested; the raceway dimension di of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested; the raceway dimension De of the outer ring of the bearing to be tested; the contact angle ɑ of the bearing to be tested; the interference between the inner diameters of the two bearings to be tested and the test axle is H respectively. 11 , H 12 The interference between the outer diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the transition bearing seat is H 21 , H 22 ;

[0069] The distance between the large end faces of the two bearing outer rings: L1 = C1 + C2 + C3 + C4;

[0070] The distance between the large end faces of the two bearing inner rings: L2 = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 + B5;

[0071] The reduction in axial clearance H caused by the interference fit of the inner and outer rings of the bearing is:

[0072] H=(H1*d / di+H2*de / D) / tanɑ;

[0073] Axial clearance δ = L2-L1-T1-T2-H; that is

[0074] δ=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(C1+C2+C3+C4)-T1-T2-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0075] -(H 12*d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(4)

[0076] The width of the adjustment washer is calculated using the following formula (5):

[0077] C3=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ+T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0078] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(5)

[0079] The present invention arranges a test axle, an axle box body, and a bearing mounting structure with known dimensions in combination with a bearing to be tested with known dimensions, so as to obtain the setting width of the adjusting washer required for adjusting the axial clearance to meet the design requirements. By installing the adjusting washer of a specific width, the installation quality of the test bearing is ensured, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test data. Before the various structures of the test device are installed, the axial clearance can be adjusted to meet the design requirements only by adjusting the adjusting washers of different widths. There is no need to repeatedly disassemble and assemble the test device and repeatedly measure it, and the operation is very convenient. At the same time, the device is provided with an axial loading device and a radial loading device, which can fully simulate the stress state of the axle box bearing during the test, which is closer to the actual working condition, and further improves the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0080] In a specific embodiment, the bearing mounting structures provided at both ends of the axle-holding box body 3 include a left bearing mounting structure 5 and a right bearing mounting structure 6;

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, the left bearing installation structure 5 includes a left transition bearing seat 54 and a left spacer 55, and a left bearing to be tested 53 is installed in the left transition bearing seat 54; the left spacer is arranged between the left shaft shoulder 11 of the test vehicle axle and the left bearing to be tested, and the left end cover 52 arranged on the left side of the axle box body 3 is pressed against the end of the left bearing to be tested away from the left spacer, and the two sides of the left transition bearing seat 54 are respectively fitted with the bearing to be tested and the left shaft shoulder 33 of the axle box body, and are fitted with the left end cover with a certain gap;

[0082] like Figure 4 As shown, the right bearing installation structure 6 includes a right transition bearing seat 63 and a right spacer 67, and a right bearing to be tested 68 is installed in the right transition bearing seat 63; the right spacer is arranged between the right shaft shoulder 12 of the test vehicle axle and the right bearing to be tested, and the right end cover 65 arranged on the right side of the axle box body 3 is pressed against the end of the right bearing to be tested 68 away from the right spacer 67;

[0083] The adjusting washer 62 is arranged between the right transition bearing seat 63 and the right shoulder 34 of the axle box body, and is fixed in the axle box body 3;

[0084] Both the left end cover 52 and the right end cover 65 are provided with oil filling holes, a left oil filling chamber 56 is provided between the left end cover and the left bearing to be tested, and a right oil filling chamber 64 is provided between the right end cover and the right bearing to be tested, and the left oil filling chamber 56 and the right oil filling chamber 64 are respectively connected to the oil filling holes on the side end covers.

[0085] The left and right bearings to be tested are tapered roller bearings with completely identical structures. The outer ring of the left bearing to be tested is installed with the left transition bearing seat through interference fit, and the inner ring of the left bearing to be tested is installed with the test axle through interference fit; similarly, the outer ring of the right bearing to be tested is installed with the right transition bearing seat through interference fit, and the inner ring of the right axle box bearing is installed with the test axle through interference fit;

[0086] The setting of the oil filling cavity and the oil filling hole facilitates lubrication of the test bearing, ensures the lubrication effect of the test bearing, and further makes the test conditions of the test bearing close to the actual working conditions of the bearing of the axle box, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. In this embodiment, the left end cover 52 is also connected to the outside through a threaded structure with a left oil filling nozzle 51 connected to the oil filling hole on it, and the right end cover 65 is also provided with a right oil filling nozzle 66 connected to the oil filling hole on it, which is convenient for filling oil into the oil filling cavity to achieve lubrication of the test bearing.

[0087] The shoulder of the axle box body 3 can axially position the transition bearing seat, and the shoulder of the test axle can axially position the spacer ring, and then axially position the bearing to be tested, ensuring the accurate installation position of the bearing to be tested, thereby improving the accuracy of the test bearing test results.

[0088] In a specific embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the axle holding box body 3 includes an axle holding box upper body 31 and an axle holding box lower body 32, and the axle holding box upper body and the axle holding box lower body are detachably connected.

[0089] The upper box body of the axle box and the lower box body of the axle box are connected by screws. The axle box body 3 is designed as a split structure, which is convenient for installing the bearing mounting structure inside it, and also convenient for installing adjustment washers of different widths, thereby greatly improving the convenience of adjusting the axial clearance.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a first support seat 2 and a second support seat 7. The two ends of the test axle 1 extending out of the axle box body 3 are respectively arranged in the first support seat and the second support seat. Support bearings are provided in the first support seat and the second support seat, respectively, for supporting the two ends of the test axle. One end of the test axle is connected to the drive motor through the coupling 4, and the drive motor drives the test axle to rotate through the coupling to ensure that the performance test of the test bearing is carried out smoothly.

[0091] In a specific embodiment, the radial loading device 8 includes a radial loading block 81, a radial pull rod 84 and a radial force loading cylinder 87 connected in sequence; the end of the radial loading block away from the radial pull rod 84 is connected to the axle box body 3; the radial pull rod 84 is arranged along the radial direction of the test axle 1; the axle box upper body applies a radial load perpendicular to the main axis direction, the radial force loading cylinder can slide along the radial force slideway, the distance between the radial force and the two axle box bearings can be preset, and the radial load application position can be moved and adjusted to meet the test at different positions. Requirements for applying radial load to the bearing; during the test, the radial force loading cylinder is fixed on the radial force slide 86, and the radial loading block 81 is connected to the axle box body 3 by T-screws; in the present embodiment, a first joint bearing 83 is provided between the radial loading block and the radial pull rod, and the radial pull rod 84 is connected to the radial loading block 81 by a radial connecting pin 82; a radial force sensor 85 for accurately measuring the radial force is provided between the piston end of the radial force loading cylinder 87 and the radial pull rod 84, so as to ensure that the radial load applied by the radial loading device 8 to the axle box bearing to be tested meets the requirements of the actual test.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, the axial loading device includes an axial loading block 91, an axial pull rod 94 and an axial force loading cylinder 96 connected in sequence; the end of the axial loading block 91 away from the axial pull rod is connected to the axle box body 3 (the lower axle box body); the axial pull rod is arranged along the axial direction of the test axle 1; an axial load is applied to the lower axle box body, and the position of applying the axial load deviates from the main shaft by a certain distance and can be adjusted; the axial force loading cylinder can slide along the axial force slideway to meet the requirements of applying the test bearing through the axle box body 3 at different positions. The requirements for adding axial load; during the test, the axial force loading cylinder is fixed on the axial force slide, and the axial loading block is connected to the axle box body 3 by a T-screw; in the present embodiment, a second joint bearing 93 is provided between the axial loading block 91 and the axial pull rod 94, and the axial pull rod is connected to the axial loading block 91 by an axial connecting pin 92; an axial force sensor 95 for accurately measuring radial force is provided between the piston end of the axial force loading cylinder 96 and the axial pull rod 94, so as to ensure that the axial load applied by the axial loading device 9 to the axle box bearing to be tested meets the requirements of the actual test.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, it also includes a test box 10, on which a left test box main seat 101 and a right test box main seat 102 are provided, the first support seat 2 is clearance-matched with the left test box main seat, and the second support seat 7 is clearance-matched with the right test box main seat; the test box is used to support the first support seat and the second support seat, and to ensure the stability of the position of the test device during the test, and a gap is provided between the support seat and the test box to facilitate the assembly of the support seat on the test box.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the adjusting washer includes an upper half structure and a lower half structure, the upper half structure is fixed to the upper housing of the axle holding box by screws, and the lower half structure is fixed to the lower housing of the axle holding box by screws. The adjusting washer is set as a split structure to improve the convenience of assembly, and the screws used are countersunk screws. When the countersunk screws are used to install the adjusting washer inside the axle holding box body 3, the head of the countersunk screw does not exceed the edge of the adjusting washer, so as to avoid the screw interfering with the installation of the right transition bearing seat, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the installation position of the bearing to be tested, and finally ensuring the accuracy of the test results of the bearing to be tested.

[0095] A method for carrying out a bearing test using the drive axle box bearing test device comprises the following steps:

[0096] S1: Based on the dimensions of the bearing to be tested, the test axle, the axle box body, the bearing mounting structure, the designed axial clearance range value and the dimensional relationship among the five, the width range of the adjustment shim is calculated, the actual adjustment shim within the width range is obtained, and the actual axial clearance δ' is calculated by the actual width of the adjustment shim;

[0097] S2: Install the spacer ring on the test spindle; install the outer ring of the bearing on the transition bearing seat and then install it on the test spindle; press the inner component of the bearing onto the test vehicle axle and make it contact with the spacer ring to complete the installation of the test vehicle shaft system; fix the adjustment gasket processed according to the actual adjustment gasket width designed into the axle holder box; install the test vehicle shaft system on the axle holder box, install the end covers on both sides of the axle holder box, and complete the installation of the axle holder box test device;

[0098] S3: Connect the axle box test device with the axial loading device and the radial loading device;

[0099] S4: Measure the test axial clearance to obtain the measured test axial clearance, and judge whether the measured test axial clearance is within the designed axial clearance range and whether the difference between the measured test axial clearance and the calculated actual axial clearance δ' is within the set range. If so, perform the axle box bearing test; since the measurement may introduce error values ​​due to factors such as measuring instruments, environmental conditions, and human operation, the set range can be obtained by combining the error value with the calculation to obtain the actual axial clearance δ'.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the method for obtaining the actual axial clearance δ' comprises the following steps:

[0101] S11: Measure the interference H1 between the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested and the test axle, and the interference H2 between the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested and the transition bearing seat;

[0102] S12: According to the following formula (1), combined with the designed (known) maximum axial clearance δ max , calculate the minimum value C of the adjustment gasket width 3min :

[0103] C 3min =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ max +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0104] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(1)

[0105] According to the following formula (2), combined with the designed (known) minimum axial clearance value δ min , calculate the maximum value C of the bearing adjustment washer width 3max :

[0106] C 3max =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ min +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ-

[0107] (H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(2)

[0108] Wherein, C1 is the distance from the left shoulder of the axle box body to the outer end face of the left bearing to be tested; C2 is the distance between the left shoulder of the axle box body and the right shoulder of the axle box body; C4 is the width of the outer ring of the right bearing to be tested positioned by the right transition bearing seat; B1 is the width of the inner ring of the left bearing to be tested; B2 is the axial width of the left spacer; B3 is the distance between the left shoulder of the test vehicle axle and the right shoulder of the test vehicle axle; B4 is the axial width of the right spacer, and B5 is the width of the inner ring of the right bearing to be tested; T1 is the assembly height of the left bearing to be tested; T2 is the assembly height of the right bearing to be tested; D is the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested; d is the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested; di is the raceway size of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested; De is the raceway size of the outer ring of the bearing to be tested; ɑ is the contact angle of the bearing to be tested; δ max is the maximum axial clearance, δ min is the minimum value of axial clearance;

[0109] S13: Design adjustment gasket actual width C3' in C 3min ~C 3max A value between the range and C3' is substituted into formula (3) to calculate the actual axial clearance δ'.

[0110] δ'=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(C1+C2+C3'+C4)-T1-T2-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0111] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(3)

[0112] When conducting the test, the installation steps of this test device are as follows:

[0113] 1. Before installation, measure the values ​​of B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, C1, C2, and C4. At the same time, measure the assembly heights T1 and T2 of the two bearings to be tested, and the interference between the inner diameters of the two bearings to be tested and the test axle, which are H 11 , H 12 The interference between the outer diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the transition bearing seat is H 21 , H 22 , because the designed axial clearance δ has a tolerance range (δ min ~δ max ), so C3 also has a tolerance range. As long as the width of the adjustment shim is within this tolerance range, the axial clearance can be guaranteed to meet the requirements. The minimum width of the adjustment shim can be calculated according to formula (1):

[0114] C 3min =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δmax +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0115] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(1) According to formula (2), the maximum width of the adjustment gasket is calculated:

[0116] C 3max =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ min +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ

[0117] -(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(2)

[0118] 2. Take the actual width of the adjustment gasket C3' from C 3min ~C 3max The actual axial clearance δ' is calculated by substituting the actual width C3' of the adjusting gasket into formula (3);

[0119] δ'=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(C1+C2+C3'+C4)-T1-T2-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ-(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(3)

[0120] 3. Then install the left and right spacers to both ends of the test spindle and position them with the shoulders of the test axle;

[0121] 4. Install the left axle box bearing outer ring and the left transition bearing seat together through interference fit, and place them on the left end of the test shaft; similarly, install the right axle box bearing outer ring and the right transition bearing seat together through interference fit, and place them on the right end of the test shaft;

[0122] 5. Press the inner components of the left axle box bearing (including the inner ring, roller and cage) to the left end of the test axle and make contact with the left spacer. Maintain the pressure for 10 to 15 seconds to ensure that it is pressed into place and avoid gaps.

[0123] 6. Press the inner assembly of the right axle box bearing onto the right end of the test axle and make it contact with the right spacer. Maintain the pressure for 10 to 15 seconds to ensure that it is pressed into place and avoid gaps.

[0124] 7. Fix the upper and lower parts of the processed adjusting washer to the lower box body and the upper box body of the axle holding box respectively with screws, and connect them to the right shoulder of the axle holding box body;

[0125] 8. Place the installed test shaft on the lower box, and then place the upper box on the test shaft system;

[0126] 9. Install the remaining parts at last. After installation, measure the axial clearance. When the measured test axial clearance is within the designed axial clearance range and is close to the actual axial clearance δ' obtained by calculation, start the test. Apply axial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle box body through the axial loading device, and apply radial load to the bearing to be tested through the radial loading device. At the same time, inject lubricating medium into the oil filling cavity through the oil filling nozzle to ensure that the test conditions are as close as possible to the actual working conditions of the axle box bearing, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0127] This test device measures the structural dimensions of the test axle, axle box body and bearing installation structure before installing the test bearing, and then calculates the width of the adjustment washer according to the formula in combination with the known set range of axial clearance, so that the axial clearance can meet the design requirements, and the actual axial clearance value can be calculated according to the calculation formula of the axial clearance; during the test, this device does not need to repeatedly disassemble and rework the parts and repeatedly measure the axial clearance. Only before installing each component, the known (measured) component dimensions are combined with the installation of adjustment washers of corresponding widths to ensure that the axial clearance meets the design requirements, thereby ensuring the installation quality of the test bearing and improving the reliability of the test verification of the test bearing. This device is easy to install, can improve installation efficiency, and avoid adverse effects caused by rework; and this device can simulate the actual axle box structure to test the axle box bearing, not only to test the matching condition of the axle box bearing, but also to simulate the structural stress state of the axle box bearing. The test results can better detect the quality level of the axle box bearing, and the data is more accurate and reliable.

[0128] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drive axle box bearing test device, characterized in that: It comprises a test axle (1) of known size, an axle box body (3), and bearing mounting structures arranged at both ends of the axle box body (3); The bearing installation structure includes a transition bearing seat and a spacer ring; The test axle is installed in an axle box body (3), the transition bearing seat is installed in the axle box body (3) and is arranged on the outside of the test axle, two bearings to be tested with known sizes are respectively installed in two transition bearing seats at two ends of the axle box body (3) and are installed back to back on the axle shoulders at both ends of the test axle, and the dimensional relationship between the bearing to be tested and the bearing installation structure and the axle box body can be obtained by measurement; the spacer is sleeved on the test axle and its two ends are respectively in contact with the inner ring of the bearing to be tested and the shoulder of the test axle; End covers are provided at both ends of the axle-holding box body (3), the end covers are arranged at one end of the bearing to be tested away from the spacer ring, and the transition bearing seat is arranged between the end covers and the shaft shoulder of the axle-holding box body (3); A bearing mounting structure arranged at one end of the axle box housing (3) further comprises an adjusting washer (62), the adjusting washer (62) being arranged between a transition bearing seat located at the side and a shaft shoulder of the axle box housing (3), and two sides of the adjusting washer (62) are respectively in contact with the two. The two sides of the axle-holding box body (3) are respectively connected to an axial loading device (9) and a radial loading device (8); the axial loading device (9) is used to apply an axial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle-holding box body (3); and the radial loading device (8) is used to apply a radial load to the bearing to be tested in the axle-holding box body (3).

2. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bearing mounting structures arranged at both ends of the axle-holding box body (3) include a left bearing mounting structure (5) and a right bearing mounting structure (6); The left bearing installation structure (5) comprises a left transition bearing seat (54) and a left spacer (55), wherein a left bearing to be tested (53) is installed in the left transition bearing seat (54); the left spacer is arranged between the left shoulder (11) of the test vehicle axle and the left bearing to be tested, and the left end cover (52) arranged on the left side of the axle box body (3) is pressed against the end of the left bearing to be tested away from the left spacer, and the two sides of the left transition bearing seat (54) are respectively in contact with the left bearing to be tested and the left shoulder (33) of the axle box body; The right bearing installation structure (6) comprises a right transition bearing seat (63) and a right spacer (67), wherein a right bearing to be tested (68) is installed in the right transition bearing seat (63); the right spacer is arranged between the right shaft shoulder (12) of the test vehicle axle and the right bearing to be tested, and the right end cover (65) arranged on the right side of the axle box body (3) is pressed against the end of the right bearing to be tested (68) away from the right spacer (67); The adjusting washer (62) is arranged between the right transition bearing seat (63) and the right shaft shoulder (34) of the axle box body, and is fixed in the axle box body (3); The left end cover (52) and the right end cover (65) are both provided with oil filling holes, a left oil filling chamber (56) is provided between the left end cover and the left bearing to be tested, and a right oil filling chamber (64) is provided between the right end cover and the right bearing to be tested, and the left oil filling chamber (56) and the right oil filling chamber (64) are respectively communicated with the oil filling holes on the side end covers.

3. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axle holding box body (3) comprises an axle holding box upper body (31) and an axle holding box lower body (32), and the axle holding box upper body and the axle holding box lower body are detachably connected.

4. A drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also comprises a first support seat (2) and a second support seat (7), and the two ends of the test axle (1) extending out of the axle box body (3) are respectively arranged in the first support seat and the second support seat.

5. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial loading device (8) comprises a radial loading block (81), a radial pull rod (84) and a radial force loading cylinder (87) which are connected in sequence; one end of the radial loading block away from the radial pull rod (84) is connected to the axle box body (3); the radial pull rod (84) is arranged along the radial direction of the test vehicle axle (1).

6. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial loading device (9) comprises an axial loading block (91), an axial pull rod (94) and an axial force loading cylinder (96) which are connected in sequence; one end of the axial loading block (91) away from the axial pull rod is connected to the axle box body (3); the axial pull rod is arranged along the axial direction of the test vehicle axle (1).

7. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: It also comprises a test box (10), on which a left test box main seat (101) and a right test box main seat (102) are provided, the first support seat (2) being loosely matched with the left test box main seat, and the second support seat (7) being loosely matched with the right test box main seat.

8. The drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The adjusting washer (62) comprises an upper half structure and a lower half structure, wherein the upper half structure is fixed to the upper box body of the axle holding box by countersunk screws, and the lower half structure is fixed to the lower box body of the axle holding box by countersunk screws.

9. A method for carrying out a bearing test using the drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Based on the dimensions of the bearing to be tested, the test axle, the axle box body, the bearing mounting structure, the designed axial clearance range value and the dimensional relationship among the five, the width range of the adjustment shim is calculated, the actual adjustment shim within the width range is obtained, and the actual axial clearance δ' is calculated by the actual width of the adjustment shim; S2: Install the spacer ring on the test spindle; install the outer ring of the bearing on the transition bearing seat and then install it on the test spindle; press the inner component of the bearing onto the test vehicle axle and make it contact with the spacer ring to complete the installation of the test vehicle shaft system; fix the adjustment gasket processed according to the actual adjustment gasket width designed into the axle holder box; install the test vehicle shaft system on the axle holder box, install the end covers on both sides of the axle holder box, and complete the installation of the axle holder box test device; S3: Connect the axle box test device with the axial loading device and the radial loading device; S4: Measure the test axial clearance to obtain the measured test axial clearance, and judge whether the measured test axial clearance is within the designed axial clearance range and whether the difference between the measured test axial clearance and the calculated actual axial clearance δ' is within the set range. If so, perform the axle box bearing test.

10. A test method for a drive axle box bearing test device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the actual axial clearance δ' comprises the following steps: S11: Measure the interference between the inner diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the test axle, which are H 11 , H 12 , the interference H between the outer diameter of the two bearings to be tested and the transition bearing seat 21 , H 22 ; S12: According to the following formula (1), combined with the designed maximum axial clearance δ max , calculate the minimum value C of the adjustment gasket width 3min : C 3min =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ max +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ-(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ(1) According to the following formula (2), combined with the designed minimum axial clearance δ min , calculate the maximum value C of the bearing adjustment washer width 3max : C 3max =(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(δ min +T1+T2+C1+C2+C4)-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ-(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ (2) In the formula, C1 is the distance from the left shoulder of the bearing box to the outer end face of the left bearing to be tested; C2 is the distance between the left shoulder of the axle box body and the right shoulder of the axle box body; C4 is the width of the outer ring of the right bearing to be tested in the right transition bearing seat; B1 is the width of the inner ring of the left bearing to be tested; B2 is the axial width of the left spacer; B3 is the distance between the left shoulder of the test vehicle axle and the right shoulder of the test vehicle axle; B4 is the axial width of the right spacer, and B5 is the width of the inner ring of the right bearing to be tested; T1 is the assembly height of the left bearing to be tested; T2 is the assembly height of the right bearing to be tested; D is the outer diameter of the bearing to be tested; d is the inner diameter of the bearing to be tested; di is the raceway size of the inner ring of the bearing to be tested; De is the raceway size of the outer ring of the bearing to be tested; ɑ is the contact angle of the bearing to be tested; δ max is the maximum axial clearance, δ min is the minimum value of axial clearance; S13: Design adjustment gasket actual width C3' in C 3min ~C 3max A value between the range, and C3' is substituted into formula (3) to calculate the actual axial clearance δ'; δ'=(B1+B2+B3+B4+B5)-(C1+C2+C3'+C4)-T1-T2-(H 11 *d / di+H 21 *de / D) / tanɑ-(H 12 *d / di+H 22 *de / D) / tanɑ (3)。

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