Estuary wetland deposition column sampling device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an estuary wetland deposition column sampling device and method, and belongs to the technical field of wetland sample collection. The estuary wetland sedimentary column sampling device is provided with a controller, a drilling machine and a stabilizing frame, the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drilling machine lifting channel and a base. The traction component comprises a linear structure A, a linear structure B and annular structures arranged at the top of the drilling machine lifting channel, the base and the top of the drilling machine. The linear structure A sequentially penetrates through the annular structure on the top of the drilling machine lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base. The drilling machine lifting channel is arranged on the upper portion of the base and can penetrate through the base. The linear structure B pulls the drilling machine to lift up and down in the drilling machine lifting channel; a counterweight component is arranged on the base; the controller is connected with the drilling machine; the controller is provided with a computer readable storage medium, a computer program is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the calculation method of the drilling depth Y of the drilling machine is achieved when the computer program is executed by the processor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland sample collection, and in particular relates to an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method. Background Art

[0002] Estuarine wetlands are transitional zones where rivers, oceans and land meet. They have active sedimentation / erosion processes and are typical fragile ecosystems. They are also ecological hotspots that have attracted great attention from the international community. The eastern part of my country has dense estuaries and significantly different wetland ecological characteristics. They play an important role in maintaining biodiversity, improving water quality, and fixing carbon. They are an important barrier to national ecological security. However, there are ecological problems such as water and sand changes and degradation of native vegetation, which seriously affect the coordinated regional sustainable development of ecology, resources and social economy. It is of great theoretical significance to study the evolution process and degradation mechanism of important estuarine wetlands in the east. However, due to the complex and changeable topography and landforms of estuarine wetlands, active water-salt processes, and extremely high habitat heterogeneity, it poses a huge challenge to the collection of sediment column samples in estuarine wetlands.

[0003] There are two main problems with the commonly used wetland sediment column sampling: first, it is mostly suitable for swamp wetlands and lake wetlands with shallow water levels or static water surfaces. In estuarine wetlands with turbulent water flow, it is difficult to effectively collect sediment column samples because it cannot be fixed; second, the ordinary gravity sampler has an inner diameter of 58 mm or 84 mm and a small sampling volume. Due to the extremely high heterogeneity of estuarine wetland habitats, most sediment column sampling devices are difficult to collect sediment column samples with a water depth of 0 to 7.7 m, a length of 1.7 to 2 meters, and a diameter of (90 to 100 mm). The columnar sampler track system requires a special scientific research ship to operate, and is expensive, making it difficult to widely promote and apply.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-cost sampling device suitable for estuarine wetlands that can collect sediment column samples with a water depth of 0 to 7.7 m, a length of 1.7 to 2 meters, and a diameter (90 to 100 mm) so as to smoothly collect sediment column samples in estuarine wetlands; at the same time, the sampling device is also required to be able to controllably collect sediment column samples of the expected length and diameter to meet experimental requirements. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the technical problem of collecting sediment column samples within a water depth of 6 to 7.7 m below the water surface in a turbulent estuarine wetland in a convenient and economical manner and sampling the sediments of the estuarine wetland smoothly, simply, intelligently and controllably, the present invention provides an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method, which can smoothly realize the sampling of estuarine wetland sediment samples and significantly improve the integrity of the collected samples. During use, the sampling speed is fast and the time is short. The device can be disassembled and assembled, is easy to carry, and has a low cost, which is conducive to large-scale promotion and use.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is provided with: a controller, a drilling rig and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drilling rig lifting channel and a base; the traction component comprises a linear structure A, a linear structure B and an annular structure respectively arranged at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel, the base and the top of the drilling rig; the linear structure A sequentially passes through the annular structure at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base; the drilling rig lifting channel is arranged at the upper part of the base and can pass through the base; the linear structure B pulls the drilling rig up and down in the drilling rig lifting channel; a counterweight component is arranged on the base; the controller is connected to the drilling rig; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, a calculation method for a drilling depth Y of the drilling rig is implemented; the calculation method is calculated according to the following formula I:

[0008] Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I

[0009] In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth with a dimension of meter, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth during sampling with a dimension of meter, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length with a dimension of meter, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight with a dimension of kilogram, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter with a dimension of millimeter.

[0010] The base is provided with a bottom cylinder with a through hole; a middle ring is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle circular hole, and the hollow circular hole of the upper circular hole correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel;

[0011] Preferably, the controller is connected to the drilling rig via a line.

[0012] The diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper circular ring and the hollow circular holes of the middle circular ring are larger than the width of the widest part of the drilling rig; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drilling rig.

[0013] A plurality of support columns are arranged upwardly on the top surface of the bottom cylinder; the bottom ends of the plurality of support columns are evenly distributed along the periphery of the bottom cylinder; and the plurality of support columns pass through the middle circular ring and the top ends thereof are connected to the bottom surface of the upper circular ring.

[0014] The base is also provided with a plurality of connecting rods which are uniformly and axially extended outward from the side wall of the bottom cylinder; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the frame of the base.

[0015] The base frame is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure;

[0016] Preferably, the number of the plurality of support columns is 6-12;

[0017] Preferably, the number of the connecting rods is 6;

[0018] Preferably, the connecting rod is in the shape of a cuboid;

[0019] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced-apart connecting rods are provided with counterweights;

[0020] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods are provided with inclined braces; the bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting rods, and the top ends are connected to the supporting rods;

[0021] Preferably, the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods provided with the diagonal braces.

[0022] Three angle irons with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring in the outward direction; the distances from the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons to the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal;

[0023] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks are provided with upright lifting rings; each lifting ring is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder;

[0024] Preferably, a lifting ring is provided on the top of the drilling rig;

[0025] Preferably, the circular hole on the angle iron, the lifting ring of the connecting rod and the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structure;

[0026] Preferably, the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig is connected to the lifting equipment through a linear structure B;

[0027] Preferably, the linear structure A and the linear structure B are both steel wire ropes.

[0028] The drilling rig is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig;

[0029] Preferably, a gravity ring is provided at the lower part of the drilling rig; a sampling tube is connected to the lower part of the gravity ring.

[0030] An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling experimental method adopts the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device to carry out sediment column sampling in the estuarine wetland.

[0031] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is placed on the sediment surface of the wetland, the weight of the counterweight, the water depth during sampling, and the preset sediment column sample length and diameter are input into the controller, and the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is started to operate.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method of the present invention overcomes the problem that only a drilling rig cannot be used to sample sediment columns in a complex estuarine water flow environment, and by constructing a metal fixed frame, a PVL electric acoustic wave sediment sampling drill is placed in it, making it less likely to drift with the water flow. At the same time, a counterweight is added to ensure that the overall frame and the sampling drill are vertical, so that sediment samples can be collected intact. The entire sampling process, from lowering the device to retrieving it, can be completed within 10 minutes, with a short time and high speed, avoiding the disadvantages of the original columnar sampler track system in the estuarine wetland, such as long sampling time.

[0034] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device and method of the present invention break the limitation that only swamps and lake wetlands with shallow water levels or static water surfaces can be sampled quickly and conveniently, and realize the collection of sediment column samples in estuarine wetland environments with turbulent water flow and high habitat heterogeneity. The estuarine wetland sampling device of the present invention has a low cost and is of great significance for realizing low-cost, fast and convenient collection of estuarine wetland sediment column samples. It has been put into practical use in the Yangtze River Estuary, the Pearl River Estuary and the Liaohe River Estuary, and is suitable for promotion and use throughout the country.

[0035] Through practical sampling verification, the sampling device of the present invention automatically calculates and controls the drilling depth of the drilling rig according to the preset sediment column sample length and diameter, the water depth during sampling and the weight of the counterweight, so that the length of the sediment column sample obtained is consistent with the preset value. The sampling device of the present invention can effectively and accurately control the length of the sediment column sample required for the experiment through presetting and calculation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a stabilizing frame of an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a drilling rig for an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] The symbols in the figure are listed as follows: 1-stable frame (external frame), 2-controller (internal instrument), 3-ring structure on the top of the drilling rig (upper fixed disc, upper ring), 4-ring structure on the top of the drilling rig lifting channel (middle fixed disc, middle ring), 5-linear structure B, 6-ring structure of the base (bottom fixed ring), 7-base (bottom regular hexagonal base), 8-linear structure A (support column, stainless steel cylinder), 9- inclined brace (stainless steel bracket), 10- angle iron with round hole, 11- positioning hole, 12- base frame (frame rectangular block), 13- connecting rod (connecting rectangular block), 14- bottom cylinder (center ring), 15- lifting ring, 16- counterweight component (counterweight block, cylindrical counterweight), 17- drilling rig (PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig), 18- gravity ring, 19- lifting ring, 20- sampling tube, 21- drilling rig lifting channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The details of the present invention are further described below in conjunction with specific implementation modes and drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0041] The first group of embodiments, the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device of the present invention

[0042] This group of embodiments provides an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device. All embodiments of this group have the following common features: the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is provided with: a controller 2, a drill rig 17 and a stabilizing frame 1; the stabilizing frame 1 is provided with a traction component, a drill rig lifting channel 21, and a base 7; the traction component includes a linear structure A8, a linear structure B5 and annular structures 4, 6, and 3 respectively arranged at the top of the drill rig lifting channel 21, the base, and the top of the drill rig 17; the linear structure A8 passes through the annular structure 4 at the top of the drill rig lifting channel and the annular structure 6 of the base in sequence and is fixed to the base 7; the drill rig lifting channel 21 is arranged at the upper part of the base 7 and can pass through the base 7; the linear structure B5 pulls the drill rig 17 up and down in the drill rig lifting channel 21; a counterweight component 16 is arranged on the base 7; the controller 2 is connected to the drill rig 17; the controller 2 is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drill rig 17 is implemented; the calculation method is calculated according to the following formula I:

[0043] Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I

[0044] In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth with a dimension of meter, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth during sampling with a dimension of meter, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length with a dimension of meter, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight with a dimension of kilogram, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter with a dimension of millimeter.

[0045] In some embodiments, there is no direct relationship between the water depth and the length of the sample taken during sampling. It is generally believed that the deeper the water, the more difficult it is to obtain the same sample length compared to shallow water.

[0046] In some embodiments, a bottom cylinder 14 with a through hole is provided on the base 7; a middle ring 4 is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder 14; an upper ring 3 is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring 4; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle ring 4, and the hollow circular hole of the upper ring 3 correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel 21.

[0047] The annular structure (middle fixed disc, middle ring) 4 at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel is provided with two discs in the middle, and screw holes are provided on the discs, and the upper and lower discs can be fixed by screws.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper ring 3 and the middle ring 4 are larger than the width of the widest part of the drill; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder 14 is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drill 17 .

[0049] In other embodiments, a plurality of support columns 8 are arranged upward on the top surface of the bottom cylinder 14; the bottom ends of the plurality of support columns 8 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the bottom cylinder 14; and the plurality of support columns 8 pass through the middle ring 4 and the top ends thereof are connected to the bottom surface of the upper ring 3.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the base 7 is further provided with a plurality of connecting rods 13 extending axially and uniformly outward from the side wall of the bottom cylinder 14 ; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods 13 are connected to the base frame 12 .

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the connecting rod 13 is connected to the bottom cylinder 14 , and the other end is connected to the base frame 12 .

[0052] In a specific embodiment, the base frame 12 is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure;

[0053] In some embodiments, in other lakes or coastal wetlands where the water flow is not as turbulent as that in estuarine wetlands, the base frame 12 can adopt a rectangular structure, such as a square or rectangular structure, to complete sample collection; in estuarine wetlands where the water flow is turbulent, a more stable hexagonal base structure can be used.

[0054] Preferably, the number of the plurality of support columns 8 is 6-12;

[0055] Preferably, the number of the connecting rods 13 is 6;

[0056] Preferably, the connecting rod 13 is in the shape of a cuboid;

[0057] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods 13 are provided with counterweights;

[0058] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods 13 are provided with inclined braces 9; the bottom ends of the inclined braces 9 are connected to the connecting rods 13, and the top ends are connected to the supporting rods 8;

[0059] Preferably, the three connecting rods 13 provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods 13 provided with the inclined braces 9 .

[0060] In some embodiments, three angle irons 10 with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring 3 in the outward direction; the distances from the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons to the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal;

[0061] Preferably, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods 13 provided with the counterweights 16 are provided with upright lifting rings 15; each lifting ring 15 is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder 14;

[0062] One of the functions of the rack formed by the base 7, the drilling rig lifting channel 21, the support column 8, the connecting rod 13, the counterweight block 16, etc. is to stabilize the drilling rig instrument as a whole through the counterweight and the symmetrical structure adapted to the drilling rig instrument so that it will not fall in the turbulent water flow. However, the successful collection of samples in the turbulent water flow is mainly related to the following factors: (1) The stable hexagonal base structure is not easy to tilt or asymmetrical, which is also one of the important factors to ensure the vertical stability of the drilling rig instrument; (2) The height of the rack is also the key to ensure the smooth collection of samples: since it is necessary to collect 2m For sediment column samples, if the rack is too short, continuous samples at the desired depth cannot be collected; if the rack is too long, the crane arm must be high enough. If the crane arm is too short, the device cannot be lifted. Second, the lower end of the sampling tube cannot be stuck on the edge of the positioning hole, which will cause deviation. Therefore, the height of the rack and the length of the built-in equipment are fully matched, which is also the key to successfully collecting samples; (3) The overall weight is controlled at 155 kg, which can not only withstand the impact of water flow in the complex environment of the estuary and ensure that the equipment is vertical; but also ensure that the weight before and after sampling is not too large, so that the crane arm cannot be lifted or is difficult to transport. Reasonable control of the weight of the equipment is a key factor in both obtaining samples in turbulent water and facilitating practical operation.

[0063] If the shape of the base of this rack is changed to other shapes such as square or rectangle, and the number of supporting columns is increased or decreased to ensure the weight of the counterweight, the collection of samples in lake wetlands or other coastal wetlands where the water flow is not as turbulent as that in estuarine wetlands can still be successfully achieved. However, in the environment of estuarine wetlands with turbulent water flow, it is recommended to use a more stable hexagonal base structure.

[0064] The sampling device provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used to collect samples within a water depth of 0-7.7 m, which is a problem that can be solved by the equipment of the present invention and is also the limit of deep-sea sampling.

[0065] The sampling device of the present invention can realize sample collection within a water depth of 0-7.7m. Sampling within a water depth of 0-7.7m is mainly achieved by solving the following difficulties: (1) the entire device can be vertically lowered and immersed in the water in the turbulent water environment of the estuary wetland to collect intact and continuous samples; (2) the height of the device is reasonably designed and can be fully lifted and lowered by the crane arm, ensuring that sediment samples at a depth of 2m can be collected.

[0066] The drilling instrument is lifted up and down in this rack. When the drilling instrument is working, the device is provided with a gravity ring and a positioning hole. The diameter of the gravity ring is slightly smaller than the diameter of the rack, ensuring that the drilling instrument will not deviate too much and move out of the rack when it is lifted up and down; the positioning hole further strengthens the fixation, and the lower end of the sampling tube can be stuck on the edge of the positioning hole to prevent the drilling instrument or its sampling tube from deviating to the outside of the rack due to vibration during the lifting process.

[0067] Preferably, a lifting ring 19 is provided on the top of the drilling rig 17;

[0068] Preferably, the circular hole on the angle iron 10, the lifting ring 15 of the connecting rod and the lifting ring 19 on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structure;

[0069] Preferably, the lifting ring 19 on the top of the drilling rig is connected to a lifting device (not shown) via a linear structure B5;

[0070] Preferably, the linear structure A8 and the linear structure B5 are both steel wire ropes.

[0071] The linear structure A8 and the linear structure B5 are used to lift the entire sampling device including the stabilizing frame 1 and the drilling rig 17 by means of a lifting device and place them at a suitable sampling position.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, the drilling rig 17 is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig;

[0073] Preferably, a gravity ring 18 is provided at the lower part of the drilling rig 17 ; a sampling tube 20 is connected to the lower part of the gravity ring 18 .

[0074] Second Group of Examples: Estuarine Wetland Sediment Column Sampling Experimental Method of the Present Invention

[0075] This group of embodiments provides an experimental method for sampling sediment columns in estuarine wetlands. All embodiments in this group have the following common features: using an estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device as described in any one of the first group of embodiments to perform sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is placed on the sediment surface of the wetland, the counterweight weight, water depth during sampling, and preset sediment column sample length and diameter are input into the controller, and the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is started to operate.

[0077] A specific embodiment of the present invention provides a sediment column sampling device suitable for estuarine wetland, which includes an outer frame 1 for fixing the instrument and an internal instrument 2; the outer frame 1 consists of four layers: an upper fixed disc 3, middle fixed discs 4 and 5, a bottom fixed ring 6 and a bottom regular hexagonal base 7, and connects twelve stainless steel cylinders 8 and three stainless steel brackets 9 in the middle to form an overall frame; the upper fixed ring 3 has three angle irons 10 with circular perforations for threading wire ropes; the bottom fixed disc 6 has a positioning hole 11 in the middle for threading a sampling tube. The regular hexagonal base 7 is composed of six rectangular blocks 12 forming a frame, six bottom rectangular blocks 13 connected to a central ring 14, three lifting rings 15 and three cylindrical counterweights 16; the frame rectangular block 12, the bottom connecting rectangular block 13 and the central ring 14 are welded together, and the rectangular block 13 is connected to the bottom fixed ring 6; the three lifting rings 15 are fixed to the bottom connecting rectangular block 13, and are used to hook the three steel wires that pass through the angle iron circular hole 10; the cylindrical counterweight 16 is connected to the regular hexagonal base 7 by fixing screws. The internal instrument 2 is composed of a PVL electric acoustic sampling drill 17, a gravity ring 18 (a solid cylinder, which plays the role of increasing the counterweight), a connecting lifting ring 19 and a sampling tube 20 (the lifting ring is a component of the PVL drill; the gravity ring and the sampling tube are added, and are also necessary components for the PVL drill to take samples). The lifting ring 19 is used to hook the steel wire rope. The above four steel wire ropes can be fixed on a crane arm or a crane hook with rollers for lifting the device after sampling.

[0078] Figure 2 The center ring 14 and the bottom fixed ring 6 are not the same part. Being made into two parts is to transport after being convenient to disassemble.

[0079] When collecting samples, the sediment column sample collection device is slowly lowered with a crane arm. Since the total weight of the equipment is 155 kg, it can withstand the impact of water flow in the complex environment of the estuary and ensure that the equipment is vertical. When the equipment is lowered to the surface of sediments such as bottom mud, the outer frame 1 is stationary and plays a fixing role, and the internal instrument 2 continues to be lowered, relying on electric sound wave vibration to continuously obtain sediment samples. When the sample is obtained, the crane arm slowly rises and moves to the horizontal ground, the sampling tube 20 is disassembled, and the sediment sample is taken out.

[0080] The height of the whole device is 3 meters. The diameters of the upper fixed disc 3, the middle fixed discs 4 and 5, and the bottom fixed ring 6 are all 60 cm. The stainless steel cylinder 8 has a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 meters. Each rectangular frame 12 of the bottom regular hexagonal base 7 has a length of 87 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm. The bottom connecting rectangular parallelepiped 13 has a length of 45 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm. The diameter of the positioning hole 11 is 110 mm. The center ring 14 has an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm. The cylindrical counterweight 16 has a diameter of 150 mm, a height of 350 mm, and each weighs 25 kg. The gravity ring 18 is made of stainless steel, has an outer diameter of 400 mm, an inner diameter of 330 mm, a height of 50 mm, and each weighs 20 kg. The device can be used in waters within a depth of 50 meters, with a sampling diameter of 90 to 100 mm and a sampling length of 2 meters.

[0081] The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device provided by the most specific embodiment of the present invention has the following characteristics: required materials: a stainless steel disc with a thickness of 2 cm and an outer diameter of 60 cm; a stainless steel disc with a thickness of 2 cm, an outer diameter of 60 cm and an inner diameter of 110 mm; a stainless steel cylinder with a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 meters; a stainless steel bracket with a length of 1.7 meters; a stainless steel cuboid with a length of 87 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel cuboid with a length of 45 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel ring with an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm and a height of 80 mm; a stainless steel cylindrical counterweight with a diameter of 150 mm, a height of 350 mm and a weight of 25 kg; a PVL electric acoustic sampling drill; a sampling tube with a length of 2 meters and a diameter of 90 to 100 mm.

[0082] Preparation and sampling steps:

[0083] 1. Making a regular hexagonal base: Weld together six stainless steel cuboids with a length of 87 cm, six stainless steel cuboids with a length of 45 cm, and a stainless steel ring with an outer diameter of 60 cm, a width of 100 mm, and a height of 80 mm to make a regular hexagonal base at the bottom of the sediment column sampling fixture.

[0084] 2. Making the cylinder: Weld the top and bottom of six stainless steel cylinders with a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 m to stainless steel discs with a thickness of 2 cm and an outer diameter of 60 cm to form the upper cylinder of the device. Weld the tops of another six stainless steel cylinders with a diameter of 42 mm and a height of 1.5 m to stainless steel discs with a thickness of 2 cm and an outer diameter of 60 cm, and the bottoms to stainless steel discs with a thickness of 2 cm, an outer diameter of 60 cm and an inner diameter of 110 mm to form the lower cylinder of the device.

[0085] 3. Device assembly: Fix the lower cylinder on the regular hexagonal base, and connect three stainless steel brackets between the lower cylinder and the regular hexagonal base to strengthen the fixation. Then install three stainless steel cylindrical weights on the regular hexagonal base. Connect and fix the upper cylinder and the lower cylinder together.

[0086] Place the PVL electric acoustic sampling drill into the installed cylindrical device through the top stainless steel disc, put a gravity ring on the outer ring of the drill, and install a sampling tube at the bottom of the drill. Pass three steel wires through the round holes of the angle iron at the top of the cylindrical device and hook the three lifting rings on the regular hexagonal base. Use another steel wire to hook the lifting ring at the top of the PVL electric acoustic sampling drill. Fix these four steel wires on the hook of the crane arm.

[0087] 4. Sampling method: When sampling, the sediment column sample collection device is slowly lowered with a crane. When the device is lowered to the surface of sediments such as bottom mud, the outer frame 1 is stationary and plays a fixing role, and the internal instrument 2 continues to be lowered, relying on electric sound wave vibration to continuously obtain sediment samples. When the sampling tube is completely vibrated and immersed in the sediment, the lowering is stopped. At this time, the crane arm is slowly lifted, and the internal instrument 2 is first lifted into the outer frame 1, and then the internal instrument 2 and the outer frame 1 are lifted out of the water together, and then moved to the horizontal ground, the sampling tube is disassembled, and the sediment sample is taken out. In other embodiments, the sampling method includes: placing the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device on the surface of the wetland sediment, inputting the counterweight weight (counterweighted and measured in advance), the water depth during sampling (measured by the water depth detector carried by the ship) and the preset sediment column sample length into the controller, and starting the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device to operate.

[0088] Experimental example, verification of the accuracy of controllable sampling of the sampling device of the present invention

[0089] The sampling device provided by a specific embodiment of the present invention was used to collect 17 sediment column samples with a water depth of 0.1 to 7.7 meters, a length of 1.0 to 1.7 meters, and a diameter of 90 to 100 mm at the Liaohe Estuary, the Yellow River Estuary, the Yangtze River Estuary, and the Pearl River Estuary. The sampling device is placed on the sediment surface below the water depth, and the length of the sample to be collected is preset before operation, and the water depth data is obtained from the ship's own water depth detector and the weight data of the pre-balanced weight is measured. After dimensionless processing, these three values ​​are input into the controller, and the controller calculates and controls the drilling depth of the drilling rig and drills to collect sediment column samples, and then the length and diameter of these collected sediment column samples are measured to obtain the measured values. The specific comparison is shown in Table 1 below:

[0090] Table 1

[0091]

[0092] The preset values ​​and measured values ​​of the length and diameter in Table 1 above were input into SPSS for difference significance analysis. The p value between the preset value and the measured value was less than 0.05, and the difference was not significant, which was sufficient to prove that the sampling device of the present invention has high accuracy in controlling the length of the sample.

[0093] The words "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. used in this article to describe the directions are for the convenience of explanation and are based on the directions shown in the drawings. In actual devices, these directions may be different due to the placement of the device.

[0094] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the implementation methods here. Any obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device, characterized in that: The invention is provided with: a controller, a drilling rig and a stabilizing frame; the stabilizing frame is provided with a traction component, a drilling rig lifting channel and a base; the traction component includes a linear structure A, a linear structure B and an annular structure respectively arranged at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel, the base and the top of the drilling rig; the linear structure A sequentially passes through the annular structure at the top of the drilling rig lifting channel and the annular structure of the base and is fixed to the base; the drilling rig lifting channel is arranged at the upper part of the base and can pass through the base; the linear structure B pulls the drilling rig up and down in the drilling rig lifting channel; a counterweight component is arranged on the base; the controller is connected to the drilling rig; the controller is provided with a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for calculating the drilling depth Y of the drilling rig is implemented; the calculation method is calculated according to the following formula I: Y=1.0091X1+0.831X2-0.001X3-0.001X4+0.076 Formula I In formula I, Y is the dimensionless value of the drilling depth with a dimension of meter, X1 is the dimensionless value of the water depth during sampling with a dimension of meter, X2 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample length with a dimension of meter, X3 is the dimensionless value of the counterweight weight with a dimension of kilogram, and X4 is the dimensionless value of the preset sediment column sample diameter with a dimension of millimeter.

2. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is provided with a bottom cylinder with a through hole; a middle ring is provided at the middle position corresponding to the bottom cylinder; an upper ring is provided at the upper position corresponding to the middle ring; the through hole of the bottom cylinder, the hollow circular hole of the middle circular hole, and the hollow circular hole of the upper circular hole correspond to each other in the vertical direction and form the drilling rig lifting channel; And / or, the controller is connected to the drilling rig via a line.

3. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameters of the hollow circular holes of the upper circular ring and the hollow circular holes of the middle circular ring are larger than the width of the widest part of the drilling rig; the diameter of the through hole of the bottom cylinder is larger than the outer diameter of the sampling tube of the drilling rig.

4. An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A plurality of support columns are arranged upwardly on the top surface of the bottom cylinder; the bottom ends of the plurality of support columns are evenly distributed along the periphery of the bottom cylinder; and the plurality of support columns pass through the middle circular ring and the top ends thereof are connected to the bottom surface of the upper circular ring.

5. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The base is also provided with a plurality of connecting rods which are uniformly and axially extended outward from the side wall of the bottom cylinder; the outer sides of the plurality of connecting rods are connected to the frame of the base.

6. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The base frame is selected from: a rectangular structure or a hexagonal structure; And / or, the number of the plurality of support columns is 6-12; And / or, the number of the connecting rods is 6; And / or, the connecting rod is in the shape of a cuboid; And / or, the top surfaces of the three spaced-apart connecting rods are provided with counterweights; And / or, the top surfaces of the three spaced connecting rods are provided with inclined braces; the bottom ends of the inclined braces are connected to the connecting rods, and the top ends are connected to the supporting rods; And / or, the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks do not overlap with the three connecting rods provided with the diagonal braces.

7. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Three angle irons with circular holes are evenly arranged on the periphery of the bottom surface of the upper circular ring in the outward direction; the distances from the centers of the circular holes on the three angle irons to the center of the hollow circular hole of the upper circular ring are equal; And / or, the top surfaces of the three connecting rods provided with the counterweight blocks are provided with upright lifting rings; each lifting ring is equidistant from the center of the bottom cylinder; And / or, a lifting ring is provided on the top of the drilling rig; And / or, the circular hole on the angle iron, the lifting ring of the connecting rod and the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig are the annular structure; and / or, the lifting ring on the top of the drilling rig is connected to the lifting equipment via the linear structure B; And / or, the linear structure A and the linear structure B are both steel wire ropes.

8. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling rig is a PVL electric acoustic sampling drilling rig; And / or, a gravity ring is provided at the lower part of the drilling rig; and a sampling tube is connected to the lower part of the gravity ring.

9. An estuarine wetland sediment column sampling experimental method, characterized in that: The sediment column sampling device for estuarine wetland described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is used to carry out sediment column sampling in an estuarine wetland.

10. The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling experimental method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is placed on the sediment surface of the wetland, the weight of the counterweight, the water depth during sampling, and the preset sediment column sample length and diameter are input into the controller, and the estuarine wetland sediment column sampling device is started to operate.

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