Amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of digital phased array

Abstract

The invention discloses an amplitude-phase deviation measurement method for a digital phased array, and the method comprises the steps: calculating the amplitude deviation percentages and phase deviation values of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array at a time through an actual measurement complex number transmitting directional diagram / actual measurement complex number receiving directional diagram; and determining the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array by using the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays or all the one-dimensional conformal arrays. Compared with an existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method has the advantages that calibration of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram is a direct calibration method of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram, and due to the fact that the actually-measured transmitting directional diagram / actually-measured receiving directional diagram contains the influence of the mutual coupling effect between the antenna units, the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method can be applied to calibration of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram. The deviation between the formed transmitting pattern / receiving pattern and the expected transmitting pattern / receiving pattern is small, and the method has the advantages of being short in measurement time, high in measurement efficiency, low in measurement cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of digital phased array calibration measurement, and in particular to a method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array. Background Art

[0002] The digital phased array uses the digital beamforming (DBF) algorithm to form a transmission pattern by performing complex weighting on the complex digital baseband transmission signal input by each uplink, and forms a reception pattern by performing complex weighting on the complex digital baseband reception signal output by each downlink. Figure 1 Each antenna unit of the digital phased array is connected to an uplink and a downlink through a duplexer. Due to the consistency differences in the signal processing of each uplink / downlink, such as the consistency differences in the length of the signal transmission line and the performance of various devices, all digital phased arrays must be calibrated and measured for the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink before leaving the factory. The measured amplitude and phase deviation is used to calibrate the complex digital baseband transmission signal input to each uplink / the complex digital baseband reception signal output by each downlink to obtain a high-precision transmission pattern / reception pattern.

[0003] The main purpose of the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is to calibrate the transmission pattern / reception pattern. The existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method needs to measure each uplink / downlink separately. Due to the large number of antenna units in the digital phased array, the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method requires a lot of measurement time, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost. More importantly, the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is to determine the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the transmission signal / reception signal corresponding to each antenna unit. Using the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmission pattern / reception pattern is an indirect calibration method of the transmission pattern / reception pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between the antenna units, the calibrated transmission pattern / reception pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmission pattern / reception pattern. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array, which uses the measured complex transmission direction pattern / measured complex receiving direction pattern to measure the amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array. Figure 1 The amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array are calculated one-time. Compared with the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the complex digital baseband transmission signal / complex digital baseband reception signal is calibrated using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method. The transmission pattern / reception pattern formed thereby has a smaller deviation from the expected transmission pattern / reception pattern. The method has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, low measurement cost, etc.

[0005] A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array, the technical scheme of which is as follows: each antenna unit of the digital phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink respectively through a duplexer, each uplink comprises a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, and each downlink comprises an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, a low noise amplifier (LNA), and an analog radio frequency signal converter connected in sequence; the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, and when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array; the digital phased array The amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array; when the amplitude and phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the digital phased array, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set and remains unchanged during a single measurement, the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the complex digital baseband transmission signal is output as an analog radio frequency signal through a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, the analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna unit through a power amplifier and a duplexer, the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated. The array factor complex transmission pattern of the linear array is used to calculate the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array by using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal; when the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink is measured based on the digital phased array, an analog radio frequency signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, and the analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement, and the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started to measure the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array. The invention relates to a method for measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of a two-dimensional plane array by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional plane array, and determining the amplitude and phase deviation of a two-dimensional conformal array by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional plane array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the two-dimensional conformal array is as follows:

[0006] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to Where n represents the one-dimensional linear array uplink and antenna unit number, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units in the one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array. A is a positive number representing the amplitude of the complex digital baseband transmission signal. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and S is used to represent ... imaginary unit. i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0007] The measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0008]

[0009] in for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0010] Amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth uplink of a one-dimensional linear array u (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0011]

[0012] where || represents the modulus of the complex number, represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0013] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to Where n represents the one-dimensional conformal array uplink and antenna unit number, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, Δd ni is the distance between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmission signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0014] The measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0015]

[0016] Amplitude deviation percentage of the nth uplink of a one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0017]

[0018] in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0019] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2); when L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0020] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The percentage of degree deviation is calculated, and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (4); when L>N, the complex transmission radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (4), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0021] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0022] The measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0023]

[0024] in for The sampling sequence of m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, and n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array;

[0025] Amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth downlink of a one-dimensional linear array d (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0026]

[0027] in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0028] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the simulated RF signal emitted by the simulated RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0029] The measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0030]

[0031] where Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional conformal array, and n represents the downlink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional conformal array;

[0032] Amplitude deviation percentage of the nth downlink of a one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0033]

[0034] in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0035] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6); when L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0036] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and the n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The percentage of degree deviation is calculated, and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (8); when L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (7), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (8), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of the digital phased array:

[0038] 1. The existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method needs to measure each uplink / each downlink separately, resulting in long measurement time, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method can calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array at one time by using the measured complex transmission pattern / measured complex reception pattern, and has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency and low measurement cost.

[0039] 2. As described in the background technology, using the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern is an indirect calibration method for the transmit pattern / receive pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between antenna units, the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method directly uses the measured transmit pattern / measured receive pattern to calculate the amplitude-phase deviation of each uplink / each downlink. Using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern is a direct calibration method for the transmit pattern / receive pattern. Since the measured transmit pattern / measured receive pattern includes the influence of the mutual coupling effect between antenna units, the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern deviates less from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0041] Figure 1 Digital phased array and its signal processing flow chart;

[0042] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional linear array;

[0043] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a two-dimensional planar array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. The following description is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array, referring to Figure 1, each antenna unit of the digital phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink respectively through a duplexer, each uplink includes a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter converts the complex digital baseband transmission signal into an analog RF signal, see the "complex digital baseband transmission signal converter" described in patent application No. 2024114624466, each downlink includes an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, an analog RF signal connected in sequence Converter, the analog RF signal converter converts the analog RF signal output by the LNA into a complex digital baseband reception signal, see the "Analog RF Signal Converter" described in Patent Application No. 2024114624466; the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, and when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is implemented based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array;When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set and kept unchanged during a single measurement, the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array adopts a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmission systems and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are turned off first, and then the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started), the complex digital baseband transmission signal is output as an analog radio frequency signal through a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, and the analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna unit through a power amplifier and a duplexer, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is measured using the existing technology. For example, in a microwave darkroom, an analog radio frequency is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. A signal receiver, wherein the analog RF signal receiver converts the received analog RF signal into a first complex digital baseband signal. The analog RF signal receiver refers to the "Analog RF Signal Converter" described in Patent Application No. 2024114624466. The antenna array is rotated so that the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is scanned from -90° to 90° successively. The complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the first complex digital baseband signal received by the analog RF signal receiver at each rotation angle, and then the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated. The measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is calculated using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal;When measuring amplitude and phase deviations based on the downlink of the digital phased array, the existing technology is used to measure the complex receiving radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. For example, in a microwave darkroom, an analog radio frequency signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array. The analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement. The receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array adopts a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmitting systems and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are turned off first, and then the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started). The analog radio frequency signal received by each antenna unit of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array outputs a complex digital baseband receiving signal via the downlink, and all the complex digital baseband receiving signals are added to obtain a second complex digital baseband receiving signal received by the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array. Digital baseband signal, rotating antenna array so that the normal of one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array is scanned from -90° to 90° successively, measuring the complex receiving pattern of one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array by recording the second complex digital baseband signal received at each rotation angle, and then calculating the array factor complex receiving pattern of one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, using the array factor complex receiving pattern to calculate the measured complex digital baseband receiving signal of each downlink of one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, using the measured complex digital baseband receiving signal to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each downlink of one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array; determining the amplitude and phase deviation of two-dimensional plane array by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in two-dimensional plane array, and determining the amplitude and phase deviation of two-dimensional conformal array by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in two-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is as follows:;

[0046] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; refer to Figure 2 , in the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to Where n represents the one-dimensional linear array uplink and antenna unit number, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units in the one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array. A is a positive number representing the amplitude of the complex digital baseband transmission signal. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and S is used to represent ... imaginary unit.i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0047] use represents the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0048]

[0049] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0050]

[0051] Where DFT stands for Discrete Fourier Transform, for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0052] According to the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), The calculation formula is as follows:

[0053]

[0054] use Calculate the amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array u (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] where || represents the modulus of the complex number, represent The phase of The unit of is radians;

[0057] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=1 measurements are performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to θ i is θ 1 =0°, use equations (1) and (2) to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array respectively;

[0058] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=3 measurements are performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to θ i They are θ 1 =-30°,θ 2 =0°,θ 3 =30°, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated using equations (1) and (2) respectively.

[0059] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to Where n represents the one-dimensional conformal array uplink and antenna unit number, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set for the i-th measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, Δd ni is the distance between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction, A is a positive number representing the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmission signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0060] use represents the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0061]

[0062] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0063]

[0064] According to IDFT, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0065]

[0066] use Calculate the amplitude deviation percentage of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0067]

[0068] in represent The phase of The unit of is radians;

[0069] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=1 measurements are performed, and the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to θ i is θ 1 =0°, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively;

[0070] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=3 measurements are performed, assuming that the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is θ i They are θ 1 =-30°,θ 2 =0°,θ 3 =30°, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively.

[0071] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2); when L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0072] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The percentage of degree deviation is calculated, and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (4); when L>N, the complex transmission radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (4), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0073] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; refer to Figure 2 , using R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0074] use represents the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where N is the number of antenna elements in the one-dimensional linear array, and n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array;

[0077] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0078]

[0079] in for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0080] According to IDFT, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] use Calculate the amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array d (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0086] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i(u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the simulated RF signal emitted by the simulated RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0087] use represents the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] where Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional conformal array, and n represents the downlink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional conformal array;

[0090] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0091]

[0092] According to IDFT, The calculation formula is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] use Calculate the amplitude deviation percentage of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

[0097] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction; when L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6); when L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0098] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, if the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and the n-th column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The percentage of degree deviation is calculated, and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (8); when L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of downlink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (7), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (8), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0099] The above embodiments specifically illustrate the contents of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the concept of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array, characterized in that: Each antenna unit of the digital phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink respectively through a duplexer, each uplink includes a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, and each downlink includes an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, and an analog RF signal converter connected in sequence; The antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the digital phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the digital phased array; when the amplitude and phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the digital phased array, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set and kept unchanged during a single measurement, the transmission system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the complex digital baseband transmission signal outputs an analog radio frequency signal through a complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, the analog radio frequency signal radiates electromagnetic waves into space from the corresponding antenna unit through a power amplifier and a duplexer, the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the array factor complex transmission pattern is used to calculate the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, and the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal is used to calculate the amplitude deviation percentage and of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array phase deviation value; when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, an analog RF signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, the analog RF signal transmitter transmits an analog RF signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement, the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured complex digital baseband receiving signal of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is calculated using the array factor complex receiving pattern, and the amplitude deviation percentage and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the measured complex digital baseband receiving signal; the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array.

2. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to Or assume that the complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is Where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, and θ i is the angle between the main lobe pointing direction of the transmission pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal line of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, A represents the amplitude value of the complex digital baseband transmission signal, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the complex digital baseband transmission signal converter, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, Δd ni is the distance between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction is expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°) interval, then the array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then The measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm: Or the measured complex digital baseband transmission signal of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array at the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm: in for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable; Amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth uplink of a one-dimensional linear array u (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm: where || represents the modulus of the complex number, represent The phase of The unit of is radians; Or the amplitude deviation percentage of the nth uplink of a one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

3. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 2, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2). When L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

4. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 2, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The percentage of degree deviation is calculated, and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by formula (4). When L>N, the complex transmission patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the percentage of uplink amplitude deviation corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by formula (3). The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by formula (4), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

5. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u=kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then The measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm: Or the measured complex digital baseband received signal of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement Calculated by the following algorithm: in for The sampling sequence, m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction; Amplitude deviation percentage Δa of the nth downlink of a one-dimensional linear array d (n), n=0,1…N-1 and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm: in represent The phase of The unit of is radians; Or the amplitude deviation percentage of the nth downlink of a one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: in represent The phase of The unit is radians.

6. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical direction. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6). When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

7. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a digital phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the digital phased array, the antenna array of the digital phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (8). When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation percentage corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (7). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (8), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

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