Amplitude-phase deviation measurement method for simulating active phased array

Abstract

The invention discloses an amplitude-phase deviation measurement method for simulating an active phased array, which comprises the following steps of: calculating amplitude deviation proportions and phase deviation values of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array at one time by utilizing an actual measurement complex number transmitting directional diagram / actual measurement complex number receiving directional diagram; and determining the amplitude-phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array by using the amplitude-phase deviation of all the one-dimensional linear arrays or all the one-dimensional conformal arrays. Compared with an existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method has the advantages that calibration of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram is a direct calibration method of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram, and due to the fact that the actually-measured transmitting directional diagram / actually-measured receiving directional diagram contains the influence of the mutual coupling effect between the antenna units, the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method can be applied to calibration of the transmitting directional diagram / receiving directional diagram. The deviation between the formed transmitting pattern / receiving pattern and the expected transmitting pattern / receiving pattern is small, and the method has the advantages of being short in measurement time, high in measurement efficiency, low in measurement cost and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of calibration measurement of simulated active phased arrays, and in particular to an amplitude-phase deviation measurement method of simulated active phased arrays. Background Art

[0002] Analog phased arrays include analog passive phased arrays and analog active phased arrays. Analog passive phased arrays use centralized power amplification, and the system robustness is poor; analog active phased arrays use distributed power amplification, and the system robustness is good. Analog passive phased arrays and analog active phased arrays use digitally controlled attenuators and digitally controlled phase shifters in T / R components to directly control the amplitude and phase of analog RF signals, thereby forming a specified transmission pattern / reception pattern. Figure 1 Each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected to an uplink and a downlink through a duplexer. Due to the consistency differences in the signal processing of each uplink / downlink, such as the consistency differences in the length of the signal transmission line and the performance of various devices, all analog active phased arrays must measure the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink before leaving the factory and after a certain period of use. The measured amplitude and phase deviation is used to calibrate the attenuation of the digital attenuator and the phase shift of the digital phase shifter to obtain a high-precision transmission pattern / reception pattern.

[0003] The main purpose of measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array is to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern. The existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method requires measuring each uplink / downlink separately. Due to the large number of antenna units in the analog active phased array, the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method requires a lot of measurement time, low measurement efficiency, and high measurement cost. More importantly, the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method determines the amplitude and phase deviation of each uplink / downlink by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the transmit signal / receive signal corresponding to each antenna unit. Using the existing amplitude and phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern is an indirect calibration method for the transmit pattern / receive pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between the antenna units, the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a method for measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of a simulated active phased array, which uses the measured complex transmission direction pattern / measured complex receiving direction pattern to measure the amplitude and phase deviation of the simulated active phased array. Figure 1The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array are calculated at one time. Compared with the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method, the attenuation of a digitally controlled attenuator and the phase shift of a digitally controlled phase shifter are calibrated by using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method. The transmission pattern / reception pattern formed by the method has a smaller deviation from the expected transmission pattern / reception pattern, and the method has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency, low measurement cost, etc.

[0005] A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array, the technical scheme of which is as follows: each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is respectively connected to a downlink and an uplink through a duplexer, each uplink comprises an orthogonal modulator, an upconverter, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, and each downlink comprises an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, a low noise amplifier (LNA), a digitally controlled attenuator, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a downconverter, and an orthogonal demodulator connected in sequence; the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, and when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, the one-dimensional conformal array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. A virtual one-dimensional linear array is created; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the simulated active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the simulated active phased array; when the amplitude and phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the simulated active phased array, the phase shift amount and attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set by a digitally controlled phase shifter and a digitally controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during a single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, and the input complex digital baseband signals of all orthogonal modulators remain unchanged during a single measurement, the input complex digital baseband signals are output as analog radio frequency signals through the orthogonal modulator and the upconverter, and the analog radio frequency signals are output as analog radio frequency signals through the digitally controlled phase shifter, the digitally controlled attenuator, the power amplifier, the duplexer, the transmitter, and the transmitter. The device radiates electromagnetic waves into space by corresponding antenna units, measures the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and then calculates the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, calculates the measured amplitude and measured phase of each uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array by using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and calculates the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array by using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the transmission signal; when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, sets the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to use the same phase shift and phase deviation for each downlink through the digitally controlled phase shifter and the digitally controlled attenuator. The same attenuation amount is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, the analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement, the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, the measured amplitude and measured phase of each downlink receiving signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the array factor complex receiving pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the received signal;The amplitude phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude phase deviation measurement method is as follows:

[0006] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to Or set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array to The attenuation of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array is set to be D, where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, n=0,1…N-1, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make or The value range of is [0, 2π). or The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1] interval. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the upconverter, Δd ni Represents the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction is expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°) interval, then the array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0007] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0008]

[0009] Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0010]

[0011] in for The sampling sequence of m represents the discrete independent variable, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and || represents the modulus of the complex number. represent The phase of or The unit of is radians;

[0012] right The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array u (n) and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0013]

[0014] The calculated formula (2) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval;

[0015] or The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0016]

[0017] The calculated value of formula (4) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

[0018] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2). When L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0019] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex transmission radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3). The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

[0020] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u=kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0021]

[0022] Use positive number A i (n) represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and ψ i (n) represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, A i (n) and ψ i (n) is calculated by the following algorithm:

[0023]

[0024] Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0025]

[0026] in for The sampling sequence, m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, represent The phase of i (n) or The unit is radian, Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction;

[0027] P i (n) Periodize with a period of 2π so that ψ i The value range of (n) is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array d (n) and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0028]

[0029] The calculated value of formula (6) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval;

[0030] or The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm:

[0031]

[0032] The calculated formula (8) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

[0033] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays in the horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays in the vertical direction, when L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6); when L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5), and the downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0034] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (8) to calculate the downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (7). The downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (8), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

[0035] Beneficial effects of the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the simulated active phased array:

[0036] 1. The existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method needs to measure each uplink / each downlink separately, resulting in long measurement time, low measurement efficiency and high measurement cost; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method can calculate the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of all uplinks / all downlinks of a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array at one time by using the measured complex transmission pattern / measured complex reception pattern, and has the advantages of short measurement time, high measurement efficiency and low measurement cost.

[0037] 2. As described in the background technology, using the existing amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern is an indirect calibration method for the transmit pattern / receive pattern. Due to the mutual coupling effect between antenna units, the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern deviates greatly from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern; the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method directly uses the measured transmit pattern / measured receive pattern to calculate the amplitude-phase deviation of each uplink / each downlink. Using the amplitude-phase deviation measurement method to calibrate the transmit pattern / receive pattern is a direct calibration method for the transmit pattern / receive pattern. Since the measured transmit pattern / measured receive pattern includes the influence of the mutual coupling effect between antenna units, the calibrated transmit pattern / receive pattern deviates less from the expected transmit pattern / receive pattern.

[0038] 3. The amplitude-phase deviation measurement method is not only applicable to the amplitude-phase deviation measurement of simulated active phased arrays, but also applicable to the amplitude-phase deviation measurement of simulated passive phased arrays. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 Simulate active phased array and its signal processing flow chart;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a one-dimensional linear array;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of a two-dimensional planar array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the present invention. The following description is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a simulated active phased array, referring to Figure 1, each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink respectively through a duplexer, and each uplink includes an orthogonal modulator, an upconverter, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, and the orthogonal modulator converts the input complex digital baseband signal into an analog signal, see the "orthogonal modulator" described in patent No. ZL202310902955.5, and each downlink includes an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, a digitally controlled attenuator, a digitally controlled phase shifter, and a downlink connected in sequence. Frequency converter, orthogonal demodulator, the orthogonal demodulator converts the analog signal output by the downconverter into a complex digital baseband reception signal, see the "orthogonal demodulator" described in Patent No. ZL202310902955.5; the antenna array of the analog active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array or a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, and when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the analog active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the analog active phased array;When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the phase shift amount and attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set by the digitally controlled phase shifter and the digitally controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during a single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array adopts a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmitting systems and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are first turned off, and then the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started), during a single measurement, the input complex digital baseband signals of all orthogonal modulators remain unchanged, the input complex digital baseband signals are output as analog radio frequency signals through the orthogonal modulator and the up-converter, the analog radio frequency signals are radiated into space by the corresponding antenna units through the digitally controlled phase shifter, the digitally controlled attenuator, the power amplifier, and the duplexer, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is measured by using the existing technology, for example, in a micro In the anechoic chamber, an analog RF signal receiver is arranged in the far field directly in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, and the analog RF signal receiver converts the received analog RF signal into a first complex digital baseband signal. The analog RF signal receiver refers to the "analog RF signal converter" described in patent application number 2024114624466. The antenna array is rotated so that the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is scanned from -90° to 90° successively, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the first complex digital baseband signal received by the analog RF signal receiver at each rotation angle, and then the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, and the measured amplitude and measured phase of each uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the transmission signal;When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the same phase shift amount and the same attenuation amount are set for each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array through the digitally controlled phase shifter and the digitally controlled attenuator, and the complex receiving radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is measured by using the existing technology. For example, in a microwave darkroom, an analog radio frequency signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, and the analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement. The receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started and the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is turned off (when the antenna array adopts a two-dimensional planar array or a two-dimensional conformal array, all the transmitting systems and receiving systems of the two-dimensional planar array or the two-dimensional conformal array are turned off first, and then the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array to be measured is started). The analog radio frequency signal received by each antenna unit of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array outputs a complex digital baseband receiving signal through the downlink, and all the complex digital baseband receiving signals are phase-converted. The second complex digital baseband signal received by the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is obtained by adding, the antenna array is rotated so that the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is scanned from -90° to 90° successively, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured by recording the second complex digital baseband signal received at each rotation angle, and then the array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, and the measured amplitude and measured phase of each downlink receiving signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex receiving pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the received signal; the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional plane array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional plane array, and the amplitude and phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude and phase deviation measurement method is as follows:

[0045] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to The attenuation of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to D, where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional linear array, n = 0, 1...N-1, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make The value range of is [0, 2π). The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1] interval. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the up-converter, expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0046] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Where e represents the natural exponential symbol and j represents the imaginary unit. The unit of is radians;

[0049] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0050]

[0051] Where DFT stands for Discrete Fourier Transform, for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0052] According to the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the following relationship is obtained:

[0053]

[0054] where || represents the modulus of the complex number, represent The phase of

[0055] right The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval; through and comparison and The difference between the two is used to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array. u (n) and phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0056]

[0057] The calculated formula (2) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval;

[0058] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=1 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array Medium θ i θ1 = 0°, the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated using equations (1) and (2) respectively;

[0059] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=3 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array Medium θ i θ1 = -30°, θ2 = 0°, θ3 = 30° respectively. The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array are calculated using equations (1) and (2).

[0060] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to The attenuation of each uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array is set to D, where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional conformal array, n = 0, 1...N-1, N is the number of antenna units in the one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make The value range of is [0, 2π). The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1] interval. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the upconverter, Δd ni Represents the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction is expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex emission pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0061]

[0062] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] in The unit of is radians;

[0065] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0066]

[0067] in for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0068] According to IDFT, we get the following relationship:

[0069]

[0070] right The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval; through and comparison and The difference between the two is used to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array. and phase deviation The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] The calculated value of formula (4) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval;

[0073] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=1 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array Medium θ i θ1 = 0°, the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively;

[0074] In a feasible embodiment, a total of I=3 measurements are performed to set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array. Medium θ i θ1 = -30°, θ2 = 0°, θ3 = 30° respectively. The amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated using equations (3) and (4) respectively.

[0075] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (2). When L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (2), where l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

[0076] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex transmission radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3). The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

[0077] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0078] Use positive number A i (n) represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and ψ i (n) represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where N is the number of antenna elements in the one-dimensional linear array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array, ψ i The unit of (n) is radian;

[0081] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0082]

[0083] in for The sampling sequence of m represents a discrete independent variable;

[0084] According to IDFT, we get the following relationship:

[0085]

[0086] in represent The phase of

[0087] P i (n) Periodize with a period of 2π so that ψ i The value range of (n) is [0, 2π) interval; using A i (n) and ψ i (n) Calculate the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array d (n) and phase deviation value The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] The calculated value of formula (6) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

[0090] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving radiation pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the simulated RF signal emitted by the simulated RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then

[0091] Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, then The calculation formula is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] Where N is the number of antenna elements in the one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional conformal array, Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction, The unit of is radians;

[0094] right The following relationship is obtained by discretization:

[0095]

[0096] According to IDFT, we get the following relationship:

[0097]

[0098] right The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval; using and Calculate the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation The specific algorithm is as follows:

[0099]

[0100] The calculated formula (8) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

[0101] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array, refer to Figure 3 , the two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (6). When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated using formula (6), where l=0,1…L-1,n=0,1…N-1。

[0102] When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, if the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (8) to calculate the downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (7). The downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (8), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

[0103] The above embodiments specifically illustrate the contents of the present invention using a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, and a two-dimensional conformal array, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without violating the concept of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of an analog active phased array, characterized in that: Each antenna unit of the analog active phased array is connected to a downlink and an uplink respectively through a duplexer, each uplink includes an orthogonal modulator, an upconverter, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, the duplexer, and an antenna unit connected in sequence, and each downlink includes an antenna unit, the duplexer, a limiter, an LNA, a digitally controlled attenuator, a digitally controlled phase shifter, a downconverter, and an orthogonal demodulator connected in sequence; The antenna array for simulating an active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array, a one-dimensional conformal array, a two-dimensional planar array, or a two-dimensional conformal array. When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement of the analog active phased array is realized based on the uplink and / or downlink of the analog active phased array; when the amplitude and phase deviation is measured based on the uplink of the analog active phased array, the phase shift amount and attenuation amount of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are set by a digitally controlled phase shifter and a digitally controlled attenuator and remain unchanged during a single measurement, the transmitting system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, and the input complex digital baseband signals of all orthogonal modulators remain unchanged during a single measurement, and the input complex digital baseband signals are output as analog radio frequency signals via the orthogonal modulator and the up-converter. The analog radio frequency signal is radiated into space by the corresponding antenna unit through a digitally controlled phase shifter, a digitally controlled attenuator, a power amplifier, and a duplexer, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the array factor complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated, and the measured amplitude and measured phase of each uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array are calculated by using the array factor complex transmission pattern, and the amplitude deviation ratio of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the transmission signal. and phase deviation value; when measuring the amplitude and phase deviation based on the downlink of the simulated active phased array, the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is set to use the same phase shift amount and the same attenuation amount for each downlink through the digitally controlled phase shifter and the digitally controlled attenuator, and an analog radio frequency signal transmitter is set in the far field just in front of the horizontal plane of the antenna array, and the analog radio frequency signal transmitter transmits an analog radio frequency signal and remains unchanged during a single measurement, and the receiving system of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array is started, and the complex receiving radiation pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured, and then the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is calculated. An array factor complex receiving radiation pattern of a one-dimensional linear array, using the array factor complex receiving radiation pattern to calculate the measured amplitude and measured phase of each downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array, and using the measured amplitude and measured phase of the received signal to calculate the amplitude deviation ratio and phase deviation value of each downlink of the one-dimensional linear array or the one-dimensional conformal array; the amplitude phase deviation of the two-dimensional planar array is determined by measuring the amplitude phase deviation of all one-dimensional linear arrays contained in the two-dimensional planar array, and the amplitude phase deviation of the two-dimensional conformal array is determined by measuring the amplitude phase deviation of all one-dimensional conformal arrays contained in the two-dimensional conformal array.

2. The method for measuring amplitude and phase deviation of a simulated active phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; in the i-th measurement, the phase shift amount of the n-th uplink of the one-dimensional linear array is set to Or set the phase shift of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array to The attenuation of each uplink of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array is set to be D, where n represents the uplink and antenna unit number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, n=0,1…N-1, N is the number of antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna units of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ i is the angle between the main lobe of the transmission pattern set in the i-th measurement and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, K is an integer, and the value of K is adjusted to make or The value range of is [0, 2π). or The unit is radian, D is a constant, and the value range of D is (0,1] interval. λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal output by the upconverter, Δd ni Represents the nth antenna element of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna element of the virtual one-dimensional linear array at θ i The distance difference in the direction is expressed as S i (u) represents the complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained at the i-th measurement, where u = kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, θ is the angle between the electromagnetic wave radiation direction and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°) interval, then the array factor complex emission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex transmission pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; F i (u) and its translation function F i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then Use positive numbers It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm: Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth uplink transmission signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm: in for The sampling sequence of m represents the discrete independent variable, e represents the natural exponential symbol, j represents the imaginary unit, and || represents the modulus of the complex number. represent The phase of or The unit of is radians; right The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional linear array u (n) and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm: The calculated formula (2) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval; or The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth uplink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: The calculated value of formula (4) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

3. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array according to claim 2, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical direction. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2). When L>N, the complex transmission patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (1), and the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (2), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

4. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array according to claim 2, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the uplink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex transmission patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (3). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (4) to calculate the uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex transmission radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the uplink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (3). The uplink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (4), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

5. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array according to claim 1, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a one-dimensional linear array or a one-dimensional conformal array, a virtual one-dimensional linear array is constructed based on the one-dimensional conformal array, and the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is measured I times, and i=1,2…I represents the measurement round; R i (u) represents the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array obtained in the i-th measurement, where u=kdsinθ is the spatial step phase of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, d is the spacing between adjacent antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or virtual one-dimensional linear array, λ is the carrier wavelength of the analog RF signal emitted by the analog RF signal transmitter, θ is the angle between the incident direction of the electromagnetic wave and the normal of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array, and the value range of θ is [-90°, 90°). The array factor complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or the virtual one-dimensional linear array is Where E(u) is the complex receiving pattern of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array antenna unit; G i (u) and its translation function G i The function obtained by adding (u-2π) is Indicates that the value range of u is limited to the interval [0, 2π), then Use positive number A i (n) represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, and ψ i (n) represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional linear array during the i-th measurement, A i (n) and ψ i (n) is calculated by the following algorithm: Or use a positive number It represents the measured amplitude of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and is expressed as represents the measured phase of the nth downlink received signal of the one-dimensional conformal array during the i-th measurement, and Calculated by the following algorithm: in for The sampling sequence, m represents the discrete independent variable, N is the number of antenna elements of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, n represents the downlink and antenna element number of the one-dimensional linear array or one-dimensional conformal array, represent The phase of i (n) or The unit is radians, Δd n is the distance difference between the nth antenna unit of the one-dimensional conformal array and the nth antenna unit of the virtual one-dimensional linear array in the θ direction; P i (n) Periodize with a period of 2π so that ψ i The value range of (n) is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio Δa of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional linear array d (n) and phase deviation value Calculated by the following algorithm: The calculated value of formula (6) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range of is [0, 2π) interval; or The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π) interval; the amplitude deviation ratio of the nth downlink of the one-dimensional conformal array and phase deviation Calculated by the following algorithm: The calculated value of formula (8) is The periodization is performed with a period of 2π, so that The value range is [0, 2π).

6. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional planar array. The two-dimensional planar array is composed of L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal direction and N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays from a vertical direction. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the l-th row and n-th column of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6). When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the N vertical one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (5). The downlink phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit of the n-th column and l-th row of the two-dimensional planar array is calculated by formula (6), wherein l=0,1…L-1, n=0,1…N-1.

7. The amplitude and phase deviation measurement method of the analog active phased array according to claim 5, characterized in that: When measuring the amplitude and phase deviation of the downlink based on the simulated active phased array, the antenna array of the simulated active phased array adopts a two-dimensional conformal array, and a virtual two-dimensional plane array is constructed based on the two-dimensional conformal array. The virtual two-dimensional plane array is composed of L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays from a horizontal perspective, and is composed of N vertical virtual one-dimensional conformal arrays from a vertical perspective. When L≤N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of the L horizontal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink corresponding to the antenna unit of the lth row and the nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated using formula (7). The link amplitude deviation ratio is calculated by using formula (8) to calculate the downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the lth row and nth column of the two-dimensional conformal array. When L>N, the complex receiving radiation patterns of N longitudinal virtual one-dimensional linear arrays are measured respectively, and the downlink amplitude deviation ratio corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (7). The downlink link phase deviation value corresponding to the antenna unit in the nth column and lth row of the two-dimensional conformal array is calculated by using formula (8), where l = 0, 1...L-1, n = 0, 1...N-1.

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