Carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in stony desertification region

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutralization, and discloses a rocky desertification region vegetation restoration carbon emission accounting method. The method is based on a full life cycle dynamic evaluation principle, and comprises four recovery modes of vegetation restoration of a non-stony desertification region, vegetation restoration of potential stony desertification and mild stony desertification regions, vegetation restoration of a moderate stony desertification region and vegetation restoration of severe and extremely severe stony desertification regions. The stony desertification vegetation restoration is divided into three stages of planting, management and engineering construction. A life cycle list is constructed by tracking production activity input and output of each stage of a karst area vegetation recovery full life cycle, a carbon footprint accounting model is established by using an emission factor method, and scientific accounting of carbon footprints in an operation process is realized. According to the method, the technical blank of carbon footprint accounting in the whole life cycle of rocky desertification vegetation restoration is filled, carbon emission can be measured and reported more accurately, vegetation restoration efficiency is improved, ecological, economic and social benefits of a region are promoted, and sustainable development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of forestry carbon neutrality, and specifically relates to a method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas. Background Art

[0002] Desertification is the primary ecological problem facing karst areas, which has seriously affected the ecological environment and the production and life of local residents. Desertification is mainly caused by the combined effects of natural factors and human activities, which leads to the destruction of surface vegetation, increased soil erosion, exposed bedrock and reduced productivity, thus forming a desert-like ecological environment. For a long time, the problem of desertification has not only caused land degradation and ecosystem imbalance, but also had a negative impact on global climate change.

[0003] Desertification vegetation restoration refers to the process of re-establishing vegetation cover, improving soil quality, slowing down land degradation, and restoring ecosystem functions in desertified areas through artificial planting or natural restoration. Vegetation restoration can not only effectively curb land degradation, but also improve the ecological environment and promote sustainable development of the local economy. Scientifically promoting the comprehensive management of desertification will help better manage carbon emissions and mitigate the impact of global climate change.

[0004] At present, there is still a blank in the research on carbon emission accounting in the process of rocky desertification vegetation restoration. The traditional carbon emission accounting method ignores the full life cycle carbon emission in the process of rocky desertification vegetation restoration, and cannot accurately reflect the true carbon footprint of the restoration process. To fill this technical gap, the present invention provides a carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas based on the principle of full life cycle dynamic evaluation. The method includes four restoration modes: vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in moderate rocky desertification areas, and vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas. The rocky desertification vegetation restoration is divided into three stages: planting, management, and engineering facility construction. The emission factor method is used to construct a carbon footprint accounting model. By tracking the input and output of production activities at each stage, a life cycle inventory is constructed to achieve scientific accounting of the carbon footprint of the operation process. This method can not only more accurately measure and report carbon emissions and improve the efficiency of vegetation restoration, but also promote the ecological, economic and social benefits of rocky desertification areas and promote sustainable development. The significance of the present invention lies in filling the gap in carbon emission accounting methods in the field of rocky desertification vegetation restoration, and helping to formulate more effective rocky desertification prevention and control and vegetation restoration strategies. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas to solve the problems in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] The carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas includes the following steps:

[0007] (a) Classify rocky desertification areas according to degradation levels; select different restoration models according to different degradation levels;

[0008] (b) Divide the life cycle of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas into sub-stages, determine the system boundaries, functional units and emission factors of emissions, and divide the entire vegetation restoration process into the planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage;

[0009] (c) Collect production information of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas at each stage, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, record the resource input and carbon emission output of each stage, and form an input and output inventory;

[0010] (d) Determine the calculation method, allocation procedure, data requirements and emission factors in each stage; use the carbon emission accounting model of each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas;

[0011] (e) Conduct sensitivity analysis;

[0012] (f) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) It provides a scientific and systematic carbon emission accounting method that can accurately calculate the carbon emissions during vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas, filling the gap in existing technologies;

[0015] (2) Adopting the principle of dynamic evaluation of the entire life cycle, covering the entire life cycle from seedling transportation, planting, operation and management to engineering construction, providing a comprehensive carbon emission assessment; including material production, energy consumption, machinery use, chemical use and waste treatment, etc., to ensure the comprehensiveness and systematicness of the assessment;

[0016] (3) Through accurate carbon emission accounting and optimized management, greenhouse gas emissions during the restoration process can be reduced, and the environmental benefits of the project can be improved; sustainable restoration of ecosystems in desertified areas can be promoted, and the stability and resilience of ecosystems can be enhanced;

[0017] (4) Providing scientific carbon emission data and assessment results, providing reliable technical support for decision makers and managers, helping them to formulate environmental protection policies and management measures that are in line with the actual situation, and improving the scientificity and effectiveness of vegetation restoration projects in rocky desertification areas;

[0018] (5) Provide accurate carbon emission data support to help formulate more scientific and reasonable desertification prevention and carbon emission management policies and promote the effective implementation of policies;

[0019] (6) Through carbon emission accounting for different desertification levels and restoration measures, cost-benefit analysis is conducted to select the best restoration plan; reduce project costs, improve resource utilization efficiency, and achieve a win-win situation of environmental and economic benefits;

[0020] (7) Promote the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social benefits in desertification areas and achieve sustainable development goals through scientific management of carbon emissions and improvement of vegetation restoration efficiency;

[0021] (8) By restoring and improving the ecological environment in desertified areas, enhancing land productivity and sustainability, supporting the development of local agriculture and animal husbandry, increasing rural employment opportunities, providing new sources of income, and improving the quality of life of local residents;

[0022] (9) Provide detailed and accurate carbon emission data to provide a scientific basis for the formulation and implementation of desertification control policies; support decision-making in desertification control and improve the effectiveness and pertinence of policy implementation;

[0023] (10) Enhance international competitiveness in desertification control by adopting advanced carbon emission accounting and management technologies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for calculating the vegetation restoration process in rocky desertification areas of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the vegetation restoration process in the non-rocky desertification area of ​​the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the vegetation restoration process in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vegetation restoration process in a moderate rocky desertification area of ​​the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the vegetation restoration process in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention Figure 1-Figure 5 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0030] The present invention discloses a carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas. The method is based on the principle of dynamic evaluation of the entire life cycle, including four restoration modes: vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in moderate rocky desertification areas, and vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas. The rocky desertification vegetation restoration is divided into three stages: planting, management, and engineering construction. By tracking the input and output of production activities at each stage of the entire life cycle of vegetation restoration in karst areas, a life cycle inventory is constructed, and a carbon footprint accounting model is established using the emission factor method to achieve scientific accounting of the carbon footprint of the operation process. The method fills the technical gap in the carbon footprint accounting of rocky desertification vegetation restoration throughout its entire life cycle, helps to more accurately measure and report carbon emissions, improve the efficiency of vegetation restoration, and thus promote the ecological, economic and social benefits of the region and promote sustainable development.

[0031] like Figure 1 The carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas includes the following steps:

[0032] (a) Rocky desertification areas are divided into six categories according to the degree of degradation: non-rocky desertification, potential rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification and extremely severe rocky desertification; different restoration modes are selected according to the different degradation levels, including vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in moderate rocky desertification areas and vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas; Figure 2-Figure 5 shown.

[0033] (b) Divide the life cycle of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas into sub-stages, determine the system boundaries, functional units and emission factors of emissions, and divide the entire vegetation restoration process into the planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage;

[0034] (c) Collect production information of various stages of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, and conduct a carbon emission inventory analysis of the restoration process over the life cycle. This process involves detailed inputs in the planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage, identifying and listing the carbon emission sources of each stage (such as energy consumption, material use and mechanical operation), recording the resource inputs (such as fuel, fertilizer, materials) and carbon emission outputs of each stage, and forming a comprehensive input and output inventory;

[0035] (d) Determine the calculation method, allocation procedure, data requirements and emission factors for each stage. The calculation method includes the calculation formula and steps for carbon emissions at each stage. The allocation procedure clearly allocates carbon emissions to different activities and processes, lists the type, source and quality requirements of the required data, and the emission factors are calculated based on specific activities using applicable carbon emission factors. A carbon emission accounting model is constructed, and the total carbon emissions of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas are obtained using the carbon emission accounting model for each stage;

[0036] (e) Conducting sensitivity analysis and analyzing emission proportions and data quality are key steps to ensure the reliability of accounting results. It determines which input parameters have a significant impact on the total carbon emissions results. At the same time, emission proportion analysis helps to understand the proportion of each sub-stage and activity in the total carbon emissions, and data quality assessment ensures and improves the reliability and accuracy of the data.

[0037] Specifically, due to the influence of natural and human activities, the karst landforms present desertification such as surface destruction, soil erosion, exposed bedrock, and declining productivity. According to the degree of degradation, they are divided into non-rocky desertification, potential rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification, and extremely severe rocky desertification:

[0038] The non-desertification area refers to: lava areas where desertification has not occurred, characterized by good habitat, no soil erosion risk, high land stability, low degree of fragmentation, high utilization value, vegetation coverage generally higher than 70%, bedrock exposure rate lower than 5%, and soil thickness above 50 cm. The main usable land types include forest land, shrub forest land, sparse forest land, suitable forest land, dry land and grassland, etc.

[0039] The potential rocky desertification area refers to: a lava area where vegetation has been degraded to a certain extent due to improper land use. The characteristics are that the habitat is potentially fragile, the contradiction between people and land is prominent, the agricultural utilization value is limited, the vegetation coverage rate is between 50% and 70%, the bedrock exposure rate is between 5% and 15%, and the soil thickness is between 30 and 50 cm. The main usable land types include sparse woodland, suitable forest land, dry land and grassland;

[0040] The mild rocky desertification area refers to: a karst area with degradation characteristics, characterized by severe habitat fragmentation, small average land thickness, unsuitable for cultivation, difficult and costly restoration, and poor results, with a vegetation coverage rate of 30%-50%, a bedrock exposure rate of 15%-30%, a soil layer thickness of 15-30 cm, and the main usable land types include afforestation land, suitable forest land, dry land, grassland and unused land;

[0041] The moderate rocky desertification area refers to: a lava area with obvious degradation characteristics, characterized by high habitat fragility, less human activities, large rock exposure, thin soil thickness, unsuitable for farming, vegetation coverage between 10%-30%, bedrock exposure between 30%-50%, soil thickness between 5-15 cm, and the main usable land types include shrub forest, terraced dry land and dry slope grassland, etc.;

[0042] The severe rocky desertification areas are: karst areas with significant degradation characteristics, characterized by extremely high fragility, highly exposed bedrock, complete loss of agricultural value, extremely prominent contradiction between people and land, vegetation coverage rate less than 10%, bedrock exposure rate between 50% and 70%, and soil thickness less than 5 cm. The main usable land types include non-terraced dry land;

[0043] The extremely severe rocky desertification area refers to: a karst area with extremely significant degradation characteristics, characterized by the greatest habitat fragility, extremely high rock exposure, disappearance of the original soil layer, serious imbalance in the relationship between man and land, almost no vegetation cover, a bedrock exposure rate of more than 70%, and no obvious soil layer;

[0044] The rocky desertification vegetation restoration of the present invention refers to taking a series of artificial vegetation restoration and ecological engineering construction in the rocky desertification area to rebuild the production function and service function of the degraded area, so that the ecosystem function is restored to the vegetation state before degradation. The restoration process is divided into four restoration modes: vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas, vegetation restoration in moderate rocky desertification areas, and vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas, including three stages: planting stage, management stage, and engineering construction stage:

[0045] Vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas refers to the selection of suitable vegetation for planting and management in the area to maintain and enhance the existing ecosystem functions. The restoration process includes: selecting tree and grass species suitable for the local environment for planting, managing to form a stable vegetation cover, building engineering facilities such as terraces and reservoirs, preventing soil erosion, and keeping the soil moist.

[0046] Vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas refers to early intervention in these areas to prevent further deterioration of rocky desertification. The restoration process includes planting drought-resistant native tree species and shrubs to increase vegetation coverage, such as Amorpha fruticosa and Pitaya. Small irrigation systems are built to rationally utilize water resources to ensure the moisture required for vegetation growth.

[0047] Vegetation restoration in moderate desertification areas refers to taking comprehensive measures to restore areas with obvious signs of desertification. The restoration process includes rebuilding vegetation communities through a combination of artificial planting and natural restoration, using drought-tolerant plants such as Masson pine and eucalyptus. Building sand dams, slope protection and other projects to stabilize the surface and prevent further erosion.

[0048] Vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe rocky desertification areas refers to taking large-scale ecological restoration measures in these severely degraded areas. The restoration process includes: combining biological measures with engineering measures, such as laying geotextiles and building sand dams, for comprehensive management. It mainly includes small-scale water conservancy projects, terrace transformation, water collection and storage projects, and aqueduct projects to improve topography and water resource management, enhance soil moisture retention, reduce soil erosion, and promote vegetation restoration and ecosystem stability.

[0049] The planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage refer to:

[0050] (i) The planting stage refers to the introduction of plant species suitable for local growth through sowing, seedling planting or direct planting to rebuild the vegetation community;

[0051] (ii) Management phase refers to the maintenance and management of established vegetation, which includes pest and disease control, top dressing, thinning and harvesting in forestry, and pest and disease control, top dressing and harvesting in dryland agriculture and artificial pasture;

[0052] (iii) Engineering construction refers to the construction and maintenance of a series of infrastructure and ecological projects to improve soil and water resource conditions and promote vegetation restoration.

[0053] Furthermore, the system boundaries and functional units were determined, and the activities of the three stages of planting, management and engineering construction of the four restoration modes in the process of rocky desertification vegetation restoration were determined, and the input and emission of each activity were determined:

[0054] The system boundary of the desertification restoration process covers three stages: planting, management and engineering construction. In the planting stage, it starts from forest land clearing, planting and fertilization. In the management stage, vegetation pest management, topdressing, thinning and harvesting are carried out. In the engineering construction stage, soil and water resource conditions are improved through slope conversion, small-scale water conservancy projects and soil and water conservation facilities. Inputs include seedlings, fertilizers, pesticides, electricity, building materials, machinery and equipment, energy and labor, and outputs include good vegetation communities, timber, agricultural products, forage and greenhouse gases.

[0055] The functional unit of the present invention is: the area of ​​rocky desertification vegetation restoration per hectare, which is used as a benchmark unit for evaluating resource input and environmental emissions during the management process.

[0056] In this invention, determining the emission inventory refers to collecting production and input information for the three stages of the rocky desertification vegetation restoration process:

[0057] The data collection in the three stages mentioned above includes: the main data include: original data of the forest farm such as on-site construction logs, field interviews and surveys, financial details, literature retrieval, database data, national and local standards;

[0058] The data sources of the main emission factors in the three stages include literature retrieval and database data. The present invention calculates the environmental costs of all production processes in the three stages of planting, management and engineering construction in detail, and converts these costs into carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) of the total emissions, build a carbon emission accounting model, and use the carbon emission accounting models of each sub-stage to build the carbon footprint of the rocky desertification vegetation restoration process:

[0059] Where E 总 is the total carbon emission during the rocky desertification vegetation restoration process, which is modeled using the following formula:

[0060] E 总 =E 1 +E 2 +E 3

[0061] E1 is the carbon footprint of the product in the planting stage.

[0062] E2 is the carbon footprint of the products in the operation sub-stage,

[0063] E3 is the product carbon footprint of the construction sub-stage, where: The product carbon footprint of the planting sub-stage E1 refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by environmental resources and energy consumed in all production processes in the planting sub-stage, and is modeled using the following formula:

[0064] E 1 =E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 材料 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 运输

[0065] The product carbon footprint E2 of the operation sub-stage refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the environmental resources and energy consumed in all production processes of the seedling sub-stage, and is modeled using the following formula:

[0066] E 2 =E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 材料 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E人工 +E 运输

[0067] The product carbon footprint E3 of the construction sub-stage refers to the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the environmental resources and energy consumed in all production processes of the nurturing sub-stage, and is modeled using the following formula:

[0068] E 3 =E 材料 +E 运输 +E 施工 +E 运营 +E 废物

[0069] 1. The carbon emissions during the planting and management stages mainly include the carbon emissions generated by the use of electricity, fuel, materials, fertilizers, chemicals, labor and material transportation. A carbon emission accounting model is constructed based on the above inputs, where:

[0070] The carbon emission accounting model for electricity use has the formula:

[0071] E 电力 =G Elec ×EF Elec

[0072] Among them, E power is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the power used by the functional unit (kgCO2 / FU);

[0073] GElec is the electricity used by the functional unit (KWh);

[0074] EFElec is the emission factor for electricity production (kgCO 2 / KWh);

[0075] The formula for modeling carbon emissions from fuel use is:

[0076]

[0077] Among them, E fuel is the CO corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit. 2 Emissions (kgCO 2 / FU); Uma is the fuel consumption of machine m per unit time, in liters per hour (L / h);

[0078] efm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m;

[0079] Tm is the working time of machine m, in hours (h);

[0080] EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fuel a, expressed in kg CO2 equivalent / kJ (kgCO 2 e / KJ);

[0081] Qa is the average lower calorific value of fuel a, expressed in kilojoules per liter (KJ / L).

[0082] The carbon emission accounting modeling formula for material use is as follows:

[0083]

[0084] Among them, E material is the CO2 emission corresponding to the material used in the functional unit (kgCO 2 / FU); ADx is the usage activity data of material x, in kg;

[0085] EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by material x, in kgCO 2 e / kg;

[0086] (iv) The carbon emission accounting model for fertilizer use has the following formula:

[0087]

[0088] Among them, Efertilizer is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fertilizer used by the functional unit (kgCO 2 / FU)Ax is the application area of ​​fertilizer x, in hectares (hm 2 );

[0089] Mx is the amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area at a time, in kg / ha / time;

[0090] fx is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x, in times;

[0091] EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by fertilizer x, in (kgCO 2 e / kg);

[0092] The formula for modeling carbon emissions from chemical use is:

[0093] E 化学品 =∑ i (AD x ×EF x )

[0094] Among them, E chemical is the CO corresponding to the chemical used in the functional unit. 2 Emissions (kgCO 2 / FU);

[0095] ADx is the usage activity data of chemical x, in kg;

[0096] EFx is the greenhouse gas emission factor produced by chemical x, in kgCO 2 e / kg;

[0097] (vi) The formula for calculating carbon emissions from artificial use is:

[0098]

[0099] Among them, E labor is the CO corresponding to the labor used by the functional unit. 2 Emissions (kgCO 2 / FU); Elaboration refers to the emission factor of human input;

[0100] P1 is the number of people engaged in a certain activity per unit area;

[0101] T1 refers to the number of days that a certain number of people need to work per unit time (the daily working hours are 8 hours);

[0102] The formula for calculating carbon emissions from material transportation is:

[0103] E 运输 =M T ×G T ×EF T

[0104] Among them, Etransport is the CO corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit. 2 Emissions (kgCO 2 / FU); GT is the transport functional unit weight (t);

[0105] GT is the functional unit transportation distance (km);

[0106] EFT is the transport production emission factor (kgCO 2 e / (t·km))

[0107] 2. The carbon emissions during the construction phase mainly include material production, transportation, construction, operation and waste treatment. A carbon emission accounting model is constructed based on the above inputs, among which: the carbon emission accounting model for material production has the formula:

[0108] E 材料 =M i ×EF 材料，i

[0109] Among them, E 材料 is the total carbon emissions during the material production phase, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO2e);

[0110] M i is the amount of material i used, in kilograms (kg);

[0111] EF 材料，iis the production emission factor of material i, in kgCO2 equivalent / kg (kgCO 2 e / kg).

[0112] (ii) The carbon emission accounting model for material transportation has the following formula:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, E 运输 The total carbon emissions during the material transportation phase, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO 2 e);

[0115] D i is the transportation distance of material i, in kilometers (km);

[0116] Q i is the transport volume of material i, in kilograms (kg);

[0117] EF 运输,i is the transport emission factor of material i, in kgCO2 equivalent / kg / km (kgCO 2 e / kg / km).

[0118] The construction carbon emission accounting modeling formula is:

[0119] E 施工 =∑(E 设备，i ×EF 设备，i )+∑(M 机械，i ×EF 机械，i )

[0120] Among them, E 施工 The total carbon emissions during the construction phase, expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO 2 e)E 设备，i is the energy consumption of device i, in kilowatt-hours (kWh);

[0121] EF 设备，i is the energy emission factor of equipment i, in kg CO2 equivalent / kWh (kgCO 2 e / kWh);

[0122] M 机械，i is the fuel consumption of machine j, in liters (L);

[0123] EF 机械，i is the fuel emission factor of machine j, in kgCO2 equivalent / liter (kgCO 2 e / L);

[0124] The operational carbon emission accounting model has the following formula:

[0125]

[0126] Among them, E 运营 =The total carbon emissions during the operation phase, in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO 2 e);

[0127] E 电力，i is the consumption of electricity k, in kilowatt-hours (kWh);

[0128] EF 电力，i fx is the emission factor of electricity, expressed in kg CO2 equivalent / kWh (kgCO 2 e / kWh);

[0129] E 燃料，l is the consumption of fuel l, in liters (L);

[0130] EF 燃料,l ) is the emission factor of fuel l, in kgCO2 equivalent / liter (kgCO 2 e / L). The carbon emission accounting model for waste treatment uses the formula:

[0131] E 废物 =∑ i (W m，i ×LF m ×EF 填埋 )+∑ n (W n ×BF n )×EF 焚烧 )

[0132] Among them, E 废物 The total carbon emissions during the waste treatment phase are expressed in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kgCO 2 e);

[0133] W m，i is the mass of waste m, in kilograms (kg);

[0134] LF m is the landfill disposal ratio of waste m;

[0135] EF 填埋 is the emission factor for waste landfill treatment, expressed in kgCO2 equivalent / kg (kgCO 2 e / kg);

[0136] W n is the mass of waste n, in kilograms (kg);

[0137] BFn is the incineration ratio of waste n;

[0138] EF 焚烧 is the emission factor for waste incineration, expressed in kgCO2 equivalent / kg (kgCO 2 e / kg).

[0139] When the uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is performed in the present invention, sensitivity analysis is used to evaluate the response of the model results to different input assumptions and data changes. In order to illustrate the impact of uncertainty in key input data and research assumptions, sensitivity analysis is performed on the proposed partial life cycle. Individual variables are increased or decreased by 10%. The key variables are identified through the change of this individual variable, and the variables with the greatest impact on the desertification vegetation restoration process in the life cycle assessment are determined. Sensitivity can be calculated using the following formula:

[0140] E i =△A i / △F i

[0141] In the formula, E i It represents the input variable F i The sensitivity coefficient of i It represents the rate of change of the input variable F; △A i It means that when the input variable F i The rate of change of △F i When , the evaluation result A changes.

[0142] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, modifications, and substitutions made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The carbon emission accounting method for vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas is characterized by: The following steps are involved: (a) Classify rocky desertification areas according to degradation levels; select different restoration models according to different degradation levels; (b) Divide the life cycle of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas into sub-stages, determine the system boundaries, functional units and emission factors of emissions, and divide the entire vegetation restoration process into the planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage; (c) Collect production information of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas at each stage, determine the carbon emission inventory of each stage, record the resource input and carbon emission output of each stage, and form an input and output inventory; (d) Determine the calculation method, allocation procedure, data requirements and emission factors in each stage; use the carbon emission accounting model of each stage to obtain the total carbon emissions of vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas; (e) Conduct sensitivity analysis; (f) Conduct uncertainty and sensitivity analysis to analyze emission proportions and data quality.

2. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (a), the rocky desertification areas are divided into six categories according to the degradation level: non-rocky desertification, potential rocky desertification, mild rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, severe rocky desertification and extremely severe rocky desertification; Different restoration modes are selected according to the degree of degradation, including vegetation restoration in non-desertification areas, vegetation restoration in potential desertification and mild desertification areas, vegetation restoration in moderate desertification areas, and vegetation restoration in severe and extremely severe desertification areas.

3. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 2 is characterized by: Vegetation restoration in non-rocky desertification areas includes: selecting tree and grass species suitable for the local environment for planting, managing to form a stable vegetation cover, preventing soil erosion and keeping the soil moist; Vegetation restoration in potential rocky desertification and mild rocky desertification areas includes: increasing vegetation coverage; building small irrigation systems to utilize water resources to ensure the moisture required for vegetation growth; Vegetation restoration in moderate rocky desertification areas includes: rebuilding vegetation communities through a combination of artificial planting and natural restoration to prevent further erosion; Vegetation restoration in areas with severe and extremely severe desertification includes: combining biological measures with engineering measures to carry out comprehensive management, enhance soil moisture retention, reduce soil erosion, and promote vegetation recovery and ecosystem stability.

4. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (b); The system boundaries of the rocky desertification restoration process include the planting stage, management stage and engineering construction stage; The planting phase includes: starting with forest land clearing, to planting and fertilizing; The management phase includes: pest and disease management, topdressing, thinning and harvesting of vegetation; The construction phase includes: improving soil and water conditions, investing in seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, electricity, building materials, machinery and equipment, energy and labor, and producing vegetation communities, timber, agricultural products, forage and greenhouse gases.

5. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (c), determining the emission inventory includes collecting production and input information for the planting stage, management stage and project construction stage: The three stages of data collection include: original forest farm data, field interviews and surveys, financial details, literature searches, database data, and national and local standards.

6. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (d), the environmental costs of all production processes during the planting stage, operation stage and engineering construction stage are calculated in detail, and these costs are converted into total emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent, and a carbon emission accounting model is constructed. The carbon footprint of the rocky desertification vegetation restoration process is constructed using the carbon emission accounting models of each stage: Total carbon emissions during rocky desertification vegetation restoration process E 总 Modeled with the following formula: THE 总 =E1+E2+E E1 is the carbon footprint of products in the planting sub-stage, and E2 is the carbon footprint of products in the operation sub-stage; E3 is the carbon footprint of products in the engineering construction sub-phase; E1=E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 材料 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 运输 E2=E 电力 +E 燃料 +E 材料 +E 肥料 +E 化学品 +E 人工 +E 运输 E3=E 材料 +E 运输 +E 施工 +E 运营 +E 废物 Electricity use carbon emission accounting modeling: E 电力 =G Elec ×EF Elec ; Epower is the CO2 emission corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; GElec is the electricity used by the functional unit; EFElec is the emission factor for electricity production; Fuel use carbon emission accounting modeling: Efuel is the CO2 emission corresponding to the fuel used by the functional unit; Uma is the fuel a consumption per unit time of machine m, in liters per hour; Tm is the working time of machine m; efm is the energy conversion efficiency of machine m; EFa is the greenhouse gas emission factor generated by fuel a; Qa is the average low calorific value of fuel a; Carbon emission accounting modeling of material use: Among them, E material is the CO2 emission corresponding to the material used in the functional unit; ADx is the usage activity data of material x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases generated by material x; Carbon emission accounting modeling of fertilizer use: Among them, Efertilizer is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of fertilizers in the functional unit; Ax is the application area of ​​fertilizer x; Mx is the amount of fertilizer x applied per unit area; fx is the average number of fertilization times of fertilizer x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases produced by fertilizer x; Modeling of carbon emissions from chemical use: AND 化学品 =∑ i (TO x ×EF x ) Among them, E chemical is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of chemicals in the functional unit; ADx is the use activity data of chemical x; EFx is the emission factor of greenhouse gases produced by chemical x; artificial use carbon emission accounting modeling: Among them, Emanual is the CO2 emission corresponding to the use of manpower by the functional unit; Emanual refers to the emission factor of manpower input; P1 is the number of people involved in a certain activity per unit area; T1 refers to the number of days that the number of people involved in a certain activity needs to work per unit time; Modeling of carbon emissions from material transportation: HAVE BEEN 运输 =M T ×G T ×EF T Among them, Etransport is the CO2 emissions corresponding to the electricity used by the functional unit; GT is the weight of the transport functional unit; GT is the transport distance of the functional unit; and EFT is the transport production emission factor.

7. The method for calculating carbon emissions from vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step (e), the following formula is used for sensitivity analysis: AND i =△A i / △F In the formula, E i It represents the input variable F i The sensitivity coefficient of i It represents the rate of change of the input variable F; △A i It means that when the input variable F i The rate of change of △F i When , the change of evaluation result A.

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