Antenna and communication equipment

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna and communication equipment, relates to the technical field of communication, and aims to solve the problems of relatively high antenna manufacturing cost and the like. The antenna provided by the invention comprises a radiation assembly, a coupling structure and a balun structure, the radiation assembly comprises a first radiation body, and the first radiation body is provided with a feed part; the coupling structure is provided with coupling parts, and the coupling parts are coupled with the feed parts in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the balun structure is provided with feeder lines, and the feeder lines are connected with the coupling parts in a one-to-one correspondence manner; a gap is formed between the coupling part and the feed part, the overlapping area between the coupling part and the feed part is larger than or equal to 0.025 lambda * 0.025 lambda, and the gap between the coupling part and the feed part is smaller than or equal to 1 mm; lambda is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest working frequency of the first radiator when the electromagnetic wave is propagated in the space. According to the antenna provided by the invention, through the configuration of the coupling structure, the feed connection between the balun structure and the first radiator in the radiation assembly can be realized, the cost of the first radiator can be reduced, and the performance of the antenna can be effectively ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna and a communication device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the industry's demand for antenna system capacity is also increasing. In order to improve the data transmission rate and channel capacity of the antenna system, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology came into being. Simply put, MIMO refers to the use of multiple radiators at both the transmitting and receiving ends, thereby forming multiple channels between the transmitting and receiving ends. However, with the increase in the number of radiators, the manufacturing cost of the antenna has also increased significantly. For example, the current radiators are all made of sheet metal, and in order to ensure the performance of the antenna, the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding network by direct feeding. In order to ensure the electrical connection between the radiator and the feeding network, electroplating is usually performed on the surface of the radiator to improve the conductive performance of the radiator. However, electroplating will increase the manufacturing cost of the antenna and is not conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, how to reduce the manufacturing cost while ensuring the performance of the antenna has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present application provides an antenna and a communication device which have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and have good signal transmission performance.

[0004] In the first aspect, the present application provides an antenna, including a radiation component, a coupling structure and a balun structure. The radiation component includes a plurality of first radiators, each of which has a feeding part. The coupling structure has a plurality of coupling parts, and the plurality of coupling parts are coupled one-to-one with the plurality of feeding parts. The balun structure has a plurality of feeding lines, and the plurality of feeding lines are connected one-to-one with the plurality of coupling parts. Among them, in the correspondingly coupled coupling parts and feeding parts, there is a gap between the coupling part and the feeding part, and the overlapping area between the coupling part and the feeding part is greater than or equal to 0.025λ*0.025λ, and the gap between the coupling part and the feeding part is less than or equal to 1mm. λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator when it propagates in space. In the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application, by configuring the coupling structure, the feeding connection between the balun structure and the first radiator in the radiation component can be realized. That is, the coupling structure is conductively connected to the balun structure, and the coupling structure and the first radiator are coupled to realize the feeding connection. When the coupling structure and the first radiator are arranged in a coupling feeding manner, the requirements for the conductive performance of the surface of the first radiator are relatively low, so it is beneficial to reduce the material usage cost and manufacturing cost of the first radiator. In addition, when the overlapping area between the coupling part and the feeding part is greater than or equal to 0.025λ*0.025λ, and the gap between the coupling part and the feeding part is less than or equal to 1mm, the coupling effect between the first radiator and the coupling structure can be effectively guaranteed, thereby ensuring the performance of the antenna.

[0005] In one example, the coupling structure may include a first substrate, the first substrate having a first plate surface and a second plate surface that are disposed opposite to each other. The first plate surface has a plurality of conductive plates, each of which constitutes a coupling portion. When manufacturing, the coupling structure can be manufactured using a process for preparing a printed circuit board or a flexible circuit board, which has the advantages of being easy to manufacture and having a low cost.

[0006] In a specific configuration, the second board surface is attached to the feeding part, and the thickness of the first substrate is less than or equal to 1 mm. Between the correspondingly coupled coupling part and the feeding part, the gap between the coupling part and the feeding part can be effectively controlled by the thickness of the first substrate.

[0007] In one example, the antenna may further include an insulating partition, and the thickness of the insulating partition is less than or equal to 1 mm, the first plate surface is arranged toward the feeding part, and the insulating partition is attached between the feeding part and the coupling part. Between the correspondingly coupled coupling part and the feeding part, the gap between the coupling part and the feeding part can be effectively controlled by the thickness of the insulating partition.

[0008] In a specific configuration, the plurality of first radiators include a first polarized radiator and a second polarized radiator that are adjacently disposed. The first polarized radiator has a coupling branch extending along an edge of the second polarized radiator, a gap between the coupling branch and the second polarized radiator being less than or equal to 2 mm, and a length of the coupling branch being greater than or equal to 0.02λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ; λ being the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the radiator when propagating in space. By configuring the coupling branch, the isolation between the first polarized radiator and the second polarized radiator can be effectively improved, thereby reducing signal interference between the first polarized radiator and the second polarized radiator.

[0009] In one example, the balun structure may include a second substrate, the second substrate having a third board surface and a fourth board surface that are opposite to each other. The feeding structure may include a first polarization feed line, a second polarization feed line, a first polarization ground plate, and a second polarization ground plate. The first polarization feed line and the second polarization feed line may be arranged on the third board surface, and the first polarization feed line and the second polarization feed line may be parallel to each other. The first polarization ground plate and the second polarization ground plate may be arranged on the fourth board surface, and there is a gap between the first polarization ground plate and the second polarization ground plate. The length of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.125λ and less than or equal to 0.25λ, and the width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.01λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ, where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator when it propagates in space. Among them, the coupling structure may have four coupling parts, and one end of the first polarization feed line, the second polarization feed line, the first polarization ground plate, and the second polarization ground plate are respectively connected to the four coupling parts, so as to realize the feeding connection between the coupling structure and the balun structure. The balun structure is a single-layer board structure, which has the advantage of flatness and can effectively improve the manufacturing convenience and application flexibility of the balun structure.

[0010] In one example, the antenna may further include a second radiator, the first radiator is located in the radiation direction of the second radiator, and the operating frequency band of the second radiator is greater than the operating frequency band of the first radiator. The first radiator and the second radiator operate in different frequency bands, thereby effectively expanding the bandwidth and other performance of the antenna.

[0011] In a specific configuration, the first radiator may include a base frame and a first open branch, the first open branch having a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to the base frame, the second end extending to the inside of the base frame, and the first open branch having a gradient structure between the first end and the second end. By configuring the first open branch, decoupling between the first radiator and the second radiator can be effectively achieved, thereby avoiding interference and other adverse conditions between the first radiator and the second radiator, so as to ensure the working performance of the antenna.

[0012] In a specific configuration, the shape of the gradient structure may be any one of a triangle, a rhombus, an ellipse or a semi-ellipse.

[0013] In an example, the first radiator may further include a second open-circuit branch, the length of the second open-circuit branch is 1 / 8λ', and λ' is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second radiator.

[0014] In a specific configuration, the first radiator may include a plurality of second open-circuit branches, and the distance between two adjacent second open-circuit branches is less than or equal to 0.2λ'.

[0015] Among them, the second open branch node is straight-line, folded-line or fork-shaped, etc. In practical application, the size, shape and position layout of the second open branch node can be reasonably set according to actual needs.

[0016] On the second aspect, the present application also provides a communication device, including a radio frequency processing unit and the above-mentioned antenna, wherein the antenna has a feeding network, a radio frequency processing unit and a feeding network. The feeding network is used to send a feeding signal to the radiating component, or the wireless signal received by the radiating component can be transmitted to the feeding network through a coupling structure and a balun structure. The radio frequency processing unit can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna. In the communication device provided in the present application, by applying the above-mentioned antenna, the manufacturing cost and the material use cost can be effectively reduced, and it has better signal transmission performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 A structural block diagram of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of a first radiator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8A schematic diagram of a planar structure of a radiation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of another radiation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of another radiation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of another radiation component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig.15 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of another antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.17 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a balun structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.18 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure from another perspective of a balun structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.19 A schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig. 20 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.21 A schematic diagram of a planar structure of a first radiator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig. 22 A data simulation diagram of the standing wave ratio of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.23 A data simulation diagram of the isolation of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Fig.24 A structural block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can be used in communication equipment such as base stations and radars to realize wireless communication functions.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the application scenario may include a base station and a terminal. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station subsystem (base bastion subsystem, BBS), a terrestrial radio access network (UMTSterrestrial radio access network, UTRAN) or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (evolveduniversal terrestrial radio access, E-UTRAN), and is used to provide cell coverage for wireless signals to achieve communication between terminal equipment and a wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a global system for mobile communications (GSM) or a (code division multiple access, CDMA) system, or a node B (NodeB, NB) in a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, or an evolutionary node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a long term evolution (LTE) system, or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station may also be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a g-node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new wireless (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, in a base station provided in an embodiment of the present application, a base station antenna feed system is included. In practical applications, the base station antenna feed system mainly includes an antenna 01, a feeder 02, and a grounding device 03. Antenna 01 is generally fixed on a pole 04, and the downtilt angle of antenna 01 can be adjusted by an antenna adjustment bracket 05 to adjust the signal coverage range of antenna 01 to a certain extent.

[0045] In addition, the base station may further include a radio frequency processing unit 06 and a baseband processing unit 20. For example, the radio frequency processing unit 06 may be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 01, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 20, or the radio frequency processing unit 06 may be used to convert the intermediate frequency signal sent by the baseband processing unit 20 into a wireless signal through the antenna 01 after up-conversion and amplification processing. The baseband processing unit 20 may be connected to the feeding network of the antenna 01 through the radio frequency processing unit 06. In some embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 06 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 20 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, in a possible embodiment, the RF processing unit 06 may be integrally provided with the antenna 01, and the baseband processing unit 20 is located at the far end of the antenna 01, and the RF processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 may be connected via a feeder 02. In another embodiment, the RF processing unit 06 and the baseband processing unit 20 may be located at the far end of the antenna 01 at the same time.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the antenna 01 used in the base station may also include an antenna cover 011, a reflector 012 and a feed network 013 located in the antenna cover 011, wherein the reflector 012 may also be referred to as a bottom plate. The main function of the feed network 013 is to feed the signal to the radiation component 014 according to a certain amplitude and phase, or to send the wireless signal received by the radiation component 014 to the baseband processing unit 20 of the base station according to a certain amplitude and phase. It is understandable that, in a specific implementation, the feed network 013 may include at least one of a phase shifter, a combiner, a transmission or calibration network or a filter, and the present application does not limit the components, types and functions that can be achieved of the feed network 013.

[0048] Of course, the above-mentioned antenna 01 can also be applied to various other types of communication devices, and the present application does not limit the application scenarios of the antenna 01.

[0049] Regarding the radome 011, in terms of electrical performance, the radome 011 has good electromagnetic wave penetration, so that it will not affect the normal transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves between the radiation component 014 and the outside world. In terms of mechanical performance, the radome 011 has good stress resistance and anti-oxidation properties, so that it can withstand the erosion of the harsh external environment.

[0050] The radiation component 014 may include one or more radiation bodies, which may also be called oscillators. The radiation body or oscillator is a unit constituting the basic structure of the radiation component 014, and it can effectively transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. When the radiation component 014 includes multiple radiation bodies, the multiple radiation bodies can be used in an array. In specific applications, the radiation component can be divided into single-polarization and dual-polarization types. In specific configuration, the type of the radiation component can be reasonably selected according to actual needs.

[0051] With the continuous development of mobile communication technology, the fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) has also been widely used. As one of the key technologies of 5G communication system, large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can effectively improve the channel capacity. In the context of large-scale multiple-input multiple-output technology, a large number of radiators need to be arranged in the antenna. With the increase in the number of radiators, the manufacturing cost of the antenna has also increased significantly. For example, the current radiators are all made of sheet metal, and in order to ensure the performance of the antenna, the radiators are electrically connected to the feeding network by direct feeding. In order to ensure the electrical connection effect between the radiator and the feeding network, electroplating is usually performed on the surface of the radiator to improve the conductive performance of the radiator. However, electroplating will increase the manufacturing cost of the antenna and is not conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, how to reduce the manufacturing cost while ensuring the performance of the antenna has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0052] To this end, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna with a simple structure, easy to manufacture, and good signal transmission performance.

[0053] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0054] like Figure 4 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the antenna 10 may include a radiation component 11, a coupling structure 12 and a balun structure 13. The radiation component 11 is used to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. The coupling structure 12 is connected between the radiation component 11 and the balun structure 13 to realize the feeding connection between the radiation component 11 and the balun structure 13.

[0055] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the radiation component 11 includes four first radiators, each of which has a feeding portion. Specifically, the four first radiators are the first radiator 111a, the first radiator 111b, the first radiator 111c and the first radiator 111d. The first radiator 111a has a feeding portion 1111a, the first radiator 111b has a feeding portion 1111b, the first radiator 111c has a feeding portion 1111c, and the first radiator 111d has a feeding portion 1111d. The coupling structure 12 has four coupling portions, and the four coupling portions are coupled to the four feeding portions in a one-to-one correspondence. Among them, the four coupling portions are coupling portions 121a, coupling portions 121b, coupling portions 121c and coupling portions 121d. The coupling portion 121a is coupled to the feeding portion 1111a, the coupling portion 121b is coupled to the feeding portion 1111b, the coupling portion 121c is coupled to the feeding portion 1111c, and the coupling portion 121d is coupled to the feeding portion 1111d. That is, the coupling structure 12 can be respectively connected to the four radiators by coupling feeding. The balun structure 13 has a feeding line 131, and the feeding line 131 is correspondingly connected to multiple coupling portions. By arranging the coupling structure 12 between the balun structure 13 and the first radiator, it is possible to avoid the balun structure 13 and the first radiator from being connected by a short circuit to achieve a feeding connection.

[0056] It is understandable that, in practical applications, the radiation component 11 may include two first radiators, three first radiators or more first radiators, each of which has a feeding portion. In addition, the radiation component 11 composed of multiple first radiators may be single-polarized, dual-polarized, etc., and this application does not impose specific restrictions on this.

[0057] In addition, the specific number of coupling parts of the coupling structure 12 can be set accordingly according to the specific number of first radiators or feeding parts in the radiation component 11, so that each first radiator can be coupled with the coupling structure 12.

[0058] In summary, in practical applications, the radiation component 11 may include a plurality of first radiators, each of which has a feeding portion. The coupling structure 12 may have a plurality of coupling portions, and the plurality of coupling portions are coupled to the plurality of feeding portions in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0059] In the antenna 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application, by configuring the coupling structure 12, a feeding connection between the balun structure 13 and the first radiator in the radiation component 11 can be realized. That is, the coupling structure 12 is conductively connected to the balun structure 13, and the coupling structure 12 and the first radiator are coupled to realize the feeding connection. When the coupling structure 12 and the first radiator are arranged in a coupled feeding manner, the requirements for the conductive performance of the surface of the first radiator are relatively low, so it is helpful to reduce the material usage cost and manufacturing cost of the first radiator.

[0060] Or it can be understood that, in some antennas 10, the balun structure 13 and the first radiator can be connected by a short circuit connection to achieve a feeding connection, so as to ensure the feeding effect between the balun structure 13 and the first radiator, and to ensure the working performance of the antenna 10. However, when the short circuit connection is adopted, in order to ensure the electrical connection effect between the first radiator and the balun structure 13, the first radiator needs to be made of a material with good conductivity, which will increase the cost of using the material. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the surface of the first radiator can be electroplated to ensure the conductivity of the surface of the first radiator. However, the additional electroplating process will significantly increase the production cost of the first radiator.

[0061] In addition, in the antenna 10 provided in the present application, by reasonably setting the relative relationship between the coupling structure 12 and the first radiator to achieve coupled feeding, the feeding effect between the coupling structure 12 and the first radiator can be effectively guaranteed, and the working performance of the antenna 10 can be guaranteed.

[0062] Specifically, Figure 6 As shown, the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a are taken as an example. In the corresponding coupled coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a, there is a gap H1 between the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a, and the overlapping area between the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a is greater than or equal to 0.025λ*0.025λ. In addition, the gap H1 between the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a is less than or equal to 1mm. That is, by ensuring that there is a reasonable overlapping area and a reasonable gap H1 between the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a, it can be ensured that there is a good feeding effect between the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a, and the working performance of the antenna 10 can be guaranteed. It should be noted that the above description is only based on the coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a for exemplary description. However, between other correspondingly coupled coupling parts and feeding parts, corresponding settings can also be made with reference to the above coupling part 121a and the feeding part 1111a, which will not be elaborated here.

[0063] It can be understood that, in practical applications, the operating frequency of each first radiator in the radiation component 11 is substantially the same, and the operating frequency of the first radiator is within a certain interval range. That is, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave emitted or received by the first radiator is within a certain frequency band, and the above-mentioned λ refers to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator when propagating in space.

[0064] The antenna 10 in the present application will be described in detail below in combination with different embodiments.

[0065] In order to facilitate understanding of the technical solution of the present application, in the following examples, an example is given in which the radiation component 11 includes four first radiators, and the four first radiators constitute a dual-polarized antenna.

[0066] like Figure 7 As shown, in the example provided in the present application, the structures of the four first radiators are basically the same. Taking the first radiator 111a as an example, the first radiator 111a is a rectangular sheet structure. The first radiator 111a has a rectangular base frame 1112a. At one of the corners inside the base frame 1112a (such as Figure 7 The feeding portion 1111a is provided with a rectangular feeding portion 1111a in the lower right corner of FIG. The feeding portion 1111a can provide a sufficiently large feeding area, thereby ensuring a sufficiently large coupling area between the feeding portion 1111a and the corresponding coupling portion, thereby ensuring a coupling effect between the first radiator 111a and the coupling structure 12.

[0067] In addition, if Figure 8 As shown, in the example provided in the present application, the radiation component 11 is of a dual-polarization type. The four first radiators 111 are located in the same general plane, and the first radiator 111a and the first radiator 111c are arranged diagonally, and the first radiator 111a and the first radiator 111c can be respectively understood as first polarized radiators in the first polarization direction. The first radiator 111b and the first radiator 111d are arranged diagonally, and the first radiator 111b and the first radiator 111d can be respectively understood as second polarized radiators in the second polarization direction, and the first polarization direction is perpendicular to the second polarization direction.

[0068] In addition, in the example provided in the present application, the first radiator 111d has a coupling branch 1113d extending along the edge of the first radiator 111c, the gap between the coupling branch 1113d and the first radiator 111c is less than or equal to 2mm, and the length of the coupling branch 1113d is greater than or equal to 0.02λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ. By providing the coupling branch 1113d, the isolation between the first radiator 111d and the first radiator 111c can be effectively improved, thereby reducing the signal interference between the first radiator 111d and the first radiator 111c. In addition, since the first radiator 111a and the first radiator 111c have the same polarization direction, and the first radiator 111b and the first radiator 111d have the same polarization direction, the coupling branch 1113d can also improve the isolation between the first radiator 111a and the first radiator 111b. That is, the coupling branch 1113d can improve the isolation between the first radiators in different polarization directions.

[0069] In other examples, at least one of the first radiator 111b, the first radiator 111c or the first radiator 111d may also be provided with the coupling branch 1113d. In specific settings, the specific setting position of the coupling branch 1113d may be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0070] It is understandable that in other examples, the base frame of each first radiator may also be a polygonal, circular, elliptical or other regular shaped frame structure. In practical applications, the specific structural type of the base frame may be reasonably selected and set, which will not be elaborated here.

[0071] like Figure 8 As shown, in the example provided in the present application, the feeding parts of the four first radiators are arranged close to each other. Feeding part 1111a is located at the corner of base frame 1112a, feeding part 1111b is located at the corner of base frame 1112b, feeding part 1111c is located at the corner of base frame 1112c, and feeding part 1111d is located at the corner of base frame 1112d. Feeding part 1111a, feeding part 1111b, feeding part 1111c and feeding part 1111a are all located near the center of the radiation component 11. Through the above-mentioned structural arrangement, the convenience of the radiation component 11 and the coupling structure 12 in realizing the feeding connection can be effectively improved, and the size of the coupling structure 12 can be effectively reduced.

[0072] like Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the coupling structure 12 includes a first substrate 122, and the first substrate 122 has a first plate surface 1221 and a second plate surface 1222 that are arranged opposite to each other. The first plate surface 1221 has a plurality of conductive plates, each of which constitutes a coupling portion.

[0073] Specifically, the coupling portion 121a, the coupling portion 121b, the coupling portion 121c, and the coupling portion 121d of the coupling structure 12 are all rectangular in shape. In actual application, the shape and size of the coupling portion 121c are substantially the same as the feeding portion 1111c, and the projections of the coupling portion 121c and the feeding portion 1111c are substantially overlapped, and the shape and size of the coupling portion 121d and the feeding portion 1111d are substantially the same, and the projections of the coupling portion 121d and the feeding portion 1111d are substantially overlapped. Through the above-mentioned structural arrangement, the coupling area of ​​the coupling portion 121c and the feeding portion 1111c can be effectively guaranteed, and the area of ​​the coupling portion 121c and the feeding portion 1111c can be effectively reduced, which helps to achieve the miniaturization of the coupling structure 12. Of course, the shapes of the coupling portion 121a, the coupling portion 121b, the coupling portion 121c, and the coupling portion 121d are substantially the same. The structures of the feeding section 1111 a , the feeding section 1111 b , the feeding section 1111 c and the feeding section 1111 d are substantially the same and are not described in detail.

[0074] Among them, the first substrate 122 can be a substrate for preparing a printed circuit board, or a substrate for preparing a flexible circuit board. In practical applications, the specific type of the first substrate 122 can be reasonably selected according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this. In addition, the conductive plate constituting the coupling part can be a metal plate arranged on the first substrate 122, or a metal coating directly formed on the first substrate 122. In practical applications, the specific structure and setting method of the coupling part can be reasonably selected and adjusted according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0075] In practical applications, the specific location of the feeding unit may be varied.

[0076] For example, Fig.11 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the feeding portion 1111a is located at a non-corner of the base frame 1112a, the feeding portion 1111b is located at a non-corner of the base frame 1112b, the feeding portion 1111c is located at a non-corner of the base frame 1112c, and the feeding portion 1111d is located at a non-corner of the base frame 1112d.

[0077] Specifically, if Fig.11 As shown, the feeding portion 1111 a and the feeding portion 1111 d are arranged relatively close to each other, and the feeding portion 1111 b and the feeding portion 1111 c are arranged relatively far away from each other.

[0078] Or, if Fig.12As shown, the feeder 1111a and the feeder 1111d are arranged relatively close to each other, and the feeder 1111b and the feeder 1111c are arranged relatively close to each other. Also, the feeder 1111a and the feeder 1111b are arranged relatively far away from each other, and the feeder 1111c and the feeder 1111d are arranged relatively far away from each other.

[0079] Or, if Fig.13 As shown, the feeder 1111a and the feeder 1111b are relatively far apart, the feeder 1111b and the feeder 1111c are relatively far apart, the feeder 1111c and the feeder 1111d are relatively far apart, and the feeder 1111d and the feeder 1111a are relatively far apart.

[0080] In summary, in practical applications, the specific location of each feeder 1111 can be flexibly set and adjusted according to actual needs. In addition, the relative position relationship between adjacent feeders 1111 can also be flexibly set and adjusted according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0081] In addition, when the coupling structure 12 is specifically set, the specific position layout of the coupling parts 121a, 121b, 121c and 121d in the coupling structure 12 can also be locally set according to the positions of the feeding parts 1111a, 1111b, 1111c and 1111d, which will not be elaborated here.

[0082] In addition, in specific configuration, the relative configuration relationship between the radiation component 11 and the coupling structure 12 may also be various.

[0083] For example, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the coupling structure 12 is located in the radiation direction of the radiation component 11. The second board surface 1222 is attached to the feeding part 1111d and the feeding part 1111c of the radiation component 11, and the thickness of the first substrate 122 is less than or equal to 1 mm. That is, the radiation component 11 and the coupling part 121 are located on different sides of the first substrate 122. The spacing between the corresponding coupled feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d can be ensured by the thickness of the first substrate 122. The spacing between the corresponding coupled feeding part 1111c and the coupling part 121c can be ensured by the thickness of the first substrate 122.

[0084] In addition, the second board surface 1222 of the first substrate 122 can also realize a fixed connection between the coupling structure 12 and each first radiator in the radiation component 11, which can effectively ensure the relative position between different first radiators and realize a fixed connection between the radiation component 11 and the coupling structure 12.

[0085] Or, if Fig.14 As shown, in another example provided in the present application, the coupling structure 12 is also located in the radiation direction of the radiation component 11, and the antenna 10 also includes an insulating partition 14, and the thickness of the insulating partition 14 is less than or equal to 1 mm. The first board surface 1221 of the coupling structure 12 is arranged toward the radiation component 11, and the insulating partition 14 is attached between the radiation component 11 and the coupling structure 12. For example, the corresponding coupled feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d can be effectively isolated by the insulating partition 14, and the spacing between the feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d is ensured by the thickness of the insulating partition 14. The corresponding coupled feeding part 1111c and the coupling part 121c can be effectively isolated by the insulating partition 14, and the spacing between the feeding part 1111c and the coupling part 121c is ensured by the thickness of the insulating partition 14.

[0086] Alternatively, in other examples, the coupling structure 12 may also be located on a side of the radiation component 11 that is away from the radiation surface.

[0087] For example, Fig.15 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the second board surface 1222 is bonded to the feeding part 1111d and the feeding part 1111c of the radiation component 11, and the thickness of the first substrate 122 is less than or equal to 1 mm. That is, the radiation component 11 and the coupling part 121 are located on different sides of the first substrate 122. The spacing between the corresponding coupled feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d can be ensured by the thickness of the first substrate 122. The spacing between the corresponding coupled feeding part 1111c and the coupling part 121c can be ensured by the thickness of the first substrate 122.

[0088] Or, if Fig.16As shown, in another example provided in the present application, the first board surface 1221 of the coupling structure 12 is arranged toward the radiation component 11, and the insulating partition 14 is attached between the radiation component 11 and the coupling structure 12. That is, the correspondingly coupled feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d can be effectively isolated by the insulating partition 14, and the spacing between the feeding part 1111d and the coupling part 121d is ensured by the thickness of the insulating partition 14. The spacing between the feeding part 1111c and the coupling part 121c can be ensured by the thickness of the first substrate 122.

[0089] In specific applications, the relative position between the coupling structure 12 and the radiation component 11 can be reasonably set and adjusted according to different requirements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0090] In addition, in specific settings, the specific type of the balun structure 13 can be varied.

[0091] For example, Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the balun structure 13 includes a second substrate 132, and the second substrate 132 has a third plate surface 1321 and a fourth plate surface 1322 that are separated from each other. The feed line 131 specifically includes a first polarization feed line 1311, a second polarization feed line 1312, a first polarization ground plate 1313, and a second polarization ground plate 1314. The first polarization feed line 1311 and the second polarization feed line 1312 are arranged on the third plate surface 1321, and the first polarization feed line 1311 and the second polarization feed line 1312 are parallel to each other. The first polarization ground plate 1313 and the second polarization ground plate 1314 are arranged on the fourth plate surface 1322, and there is a gap 1310 between the first polarization ground plate 1313 and the second polarization ground plate 1314.

[0092] Please refer to Fig.17 , Fig.18 and Fig.19 The first polarization feed line 1311 is welded to the coupling portion 121a, the second polarization feed line 1312 is welded to the coupling portion 121b, the first polarization ground plate 1313 is welded to the coupling portion 121c, and the second polarization ground plate 1314 is welded to the coupling portion 121d.

[0093] The first polarization feed line 1311 is located on the third board surface 1321 of the second substrate 132, and one end 13111 of the first polarization feed line 1311 extends to the third board surface 1321 through a via hole in the second substrate 132. The second polarization feed line 1312 is located on the third board surface 1321 of the second substrate 132, and one end 13121 of the second polarization feed line 1312 extends to the third board surface 1321 through a via hole in the second substrate 132. The first polarization grounding plate 1313 is located on the fourth board surface 1322 of the second substrate 132, and one end 13131 of the first polarization grounding plate 1313 extends to the third board surface 1321 through a via hole in the second substrate 132. The second polarization ground plate 1314 is located on the fourth surface 1322 of the second substrate 132 , and one end 13141 of the second polarization ground plate 1314 extends to the third surface 1321 through a via hole in the second substrate 132 .

[0094] In the example provided in the present application, the balun structure 13 is a single-layer board structure, which has the advantage of being flat and can effectively improve the manufacturing convenience and application flexibility of the balun structure 13.

[0095] In practical application, the second substrate 132 may be a substrate for preparing a printed circuit board, or a substrate for preparing a flexible circuit board. In practical application, the specific type of the second substrate 132 may be reasonably selected according to actual needs, and the present application does not limit this. In addition, the first polarization feed line 1311 and the second polarization feed line 1312 may be microstrip lines or strip lines, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific types of the first polarization feed line 1311 and the second polarization feed line 1312.

[0096] In addition, if Fig.18 As shown, in the example provided in the present application, there is a gap 1310 between the first polarization ground plane 1313 and the second polarization ground plane 1314. The length of the gap 1310 may be greater than or equal to 0.125λ and less than or equal to 0.25λ. The width of the gap 1310 may be greater than or equal to 0.01λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ. λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator in the radiation component 11 when it propagates in space. Through the gap 1310, the isolation between the first polarization ground plane 1313 and the second polarization ground plane 1314 can be effectively guaranteed, thereby ensuring the isolation between the first radiators of different polarization directions in the radiation component 11, thereby ensuring the working performance of the antenna 10.

[0097] In addition, if Fig.18As shown, in the example provided in the present application, the balun structure 13 also includes a first polarization interface 133 and a second polarization interface 134. Among them, the first polarization interface 133 and the second polarization interface 134 are both coaxial cable interfaces. Among them, the first polarization feed line 1311 and the first polarization ground plate 1313 are both connected to the first polarization interface 133, and the second polarization feed line 1312 and the second polarization ground plate 1314 are both connected to the second polarization interface 134. The connection between the balun structure 13 and the coaxial cable can be achieved through the first polarization interface 133 and the second polarization interface 134. It can be understood that the coaxial cable is an unbalanced transmission line, and the balun structure 13 can improve the problem of unbalanced feeding, thereby ensuring the working performance of the antenna 10.

[0098] In addition, in practical applications, the antenna 10 may also adopt the currently more commonly used balun structure 13, which will not be described in detail here.

[0099] like Fig. 20 As shown, when the antenna 10 is specifically configured, the antenna 10 may include a plurality of radiation components 11, and the first radiator 111 in each radiation component 11 is equipped with a corresponding coupling structure 12 and a balun structure 13. In addition, the antenna 10 may also include a radome 15, a reflector 16 and a feeding network 18 located in the radome 15, and one end of the balun structure 13 (such as Fig. 20 The lower end of the power supply (in the middle) passes through the reflector 16 and is connected to the feed network 18.

[0100] In addition, if Fig. 20 As shown, in an example provided in the present application, the antenna 10 further includes a second radiator 17. The first radiator 111 is located in the radiation direction of the second radiator 17, and the operating frequency band of the second radiator 17 is greater than the operating frequency band of the first radiator 111. In actual application, the first radiator 111 and the second radiator 17 operate in different frequency bands, so that the bandwidth and other performance of the antenna 10 can be effectively expanded.

[0101] In addition, if Fig.21 As shown, the first radiator 111 also includes a plurality of first open-circuit branches 1114 ( Fig.21 The first open branch 1114 has a first end 11141 and a second end 11142, the first end 11141 is connected to the base frame 1112, and the second end 11142 extends to the inside of the base frame 1112, and the first open branch 1114 has a gradient structure 11143 between the first end 11141 and the second end 11142. The gradient structure 11143 in the first open branch 1114 can effectively achieve decoupling between the first radiator 111 and the second radiator 17, thereby avoiding interference and other adverse conditions between the first radiator 111 and the second radiator 17, so as to ensure the working performance of the antenna 10.

[0102] It is understandable that, in practical applications, the second radiator 17 is also equipped with a corresponding balun structure, wherein the second radiator 17 and the corresponding balun structure can adopt the currently more commonly used types. Alternatively, the second radiator 17 can also adopt a structural form similar to the first radiator 111, and the second radiator 17 can also be equipped with a corresponding coupling structure and balun structure, etc., which will not be elaborated here.

[0103] The gradual structure 11143 means that the cross-sectional shape of the gradual structure 11143 increases or decreases on the connection path between the first end 11141 and the second end 11142. In a specific setting, the shape of the gradual structure 11143 can be any one of a triangle, a rhombus, an ellipse or a semi-ellipse. The specific structural type and size of the gradual structure 11143 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual needs, and will not be described in detail here.

[0104] In addition, if Fig.21 As shown, in the example provided in the present application, the first radiator 111 may further include a second open branch 1115, the length of the second open branch 1115 is 1 / 8λ', λ' is the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second radiator 17. By setting the second open branch 1115, the decoupling between the first radiator 111 and the second radiator 17 can be effectively achieved, thereby avoiding the adverse situation such as the first radiator 111 interfering with the radiation performance of the second radiator 17, so as to ensure the working performance of the antenna 10. Among them, the second open branch 1115 can be straight, broken line or fork-shaped.

[0105] In specific configuration, multiple second open branches 1115 can be provided, and the distance between two adjacent second open branches 1115 is less than or equal to 0.2λ'. In practical application, the shape, quantity and position arrangement of the second open branches 1115 can be reasonably configured according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0106] In addition, if Fig. 22 and Fig.23 As shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a data simulation diagram of an antenna 10.

[0107] exist Fig. 22 , the standing wave data of the positive polarization and negative polarization of the antenna 10 are shown. The horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the standing wave ratio. The solid line represents the data simulation diagram of the frequency and standing wave ratio of the positive polarization wave, and the dotted line represents the data simulation diagram of the frequency and standing wave ratio of the negative polarization wave. It can be clearly seen from the figure that the standing wave ratio of the antenna 10 can be greater than 1.4 or less, and has good standing wave performance.

[0108] exist Fig.23, an isolation data diagram of the antenna 10 is shown. The horizontal axis represents the frequency in GHz, and the vertical axis represents the isolation in dB. It can be seen from the figure that the isolation of the antenna 10 can reach more than 30 dB, and has good radiation performance.

[0109] In practical applications, the antenna 10 can be used in various types of communication devices.

[0110] For example, Fig.24 As shown, an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device 30, including any of the above-mentioned antennas 10. The communication device may also include a radio frequency processing unit 31 and a baseband processing unit 32. The baseband processing unit 32 may be connected to the feed network 18 of the antenna 10 through the radio frequency processing unit 31. The radio frequency processing unit 31 may be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna 10, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 32, or the radio frequency processing unit 31 may be used to convert the intermediate frequency signal emitted by the baseband processing unit 32 into a wireless signal through the antenna 10 after up-conversion and amplification processing and send it out. In practical applications, the specific type of the communication device 30 is not limited in this application. In addition, the type and quantity of the components included in the communication device 30 may be reasonably selected and adjusted according to actual needs, which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] In the various embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or provided for in any logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between the different embodiments are consistent and may be referenced to each other, and the technical features in the different embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

[0112] In this application, "multiple" means two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0113] It is understood that the various numbers involved in the embodiments of the present application are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The size of the sequence number of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: include: A radiation component, comprising a plurality of first radiators, each of which has a feeding portion; A coupling structure, comprising a plurality of coupling parts, wherein the plurality of coupling parts are coupled with the plurality of feeding parts in a one-to-one correspondence; A balun structure having a plurality of feed lines, wherein the plurality of feed lines are connected to the plurality of coupling parts in a one-to-one correspondence; Wherein, in the correspondingly coupled coupling portion and the feeding portion, there is a gap between the coupling portion and the feeding portion, and the overlapping area between the coupling portion and the feeding portion is greater than or equal to 0.025λ*0.025λ, and the gap between the coupling portion and the feeding portion is less than or equal to 1 mm; The λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator when propagating in space.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that The coupling structure comprises a first substrate, wherein the first substrate has a first plate surface and a second plate surface which are arranged in opposite directions; The first plate surface has a plurality of conductive plates, and each of the conductive plates constitutes the coupling portion.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second board surface is attached to the feeding part, and the thickness of the first substrate is less than or equal to 1 mm.

4. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The antenna further comprises an insulating partition, and the thickness of the insulating partition is less than or equal to 1 mm; The first board surface is arranged toward the feeding part, and the insulating partition is attached between the feeding part and the coupling part.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The plurality of first radiators include a first polarized radiator and a second polarized radiator that are adjacently arranged; The first polarized radiator has a coupling branch extending along an edge of the second polarized radiator, a gap between the coupling branch and the second polarized radiator is less than or equal to 2 mm, and a length of the coupling branch is greater than or equal to 0.02λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ; The λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the radiator when it propagates in space.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that The balun structure includes a second substrate; The second substrate has a third plate surface and a fourth plate surface which are separated from each other, and the third plate surface has a first polarization feed line and a second polarization feed line which are arranged in parallel; The fourth plate surface has a first polarization ground plate and a second polarization ground plate, and a gap is provided between the first polarization ground plate and the second polarization ground plate; the length of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.125λ and less than or equal to 0.25λ, the width of the gap is greater than or equal to 0.01λ and less than or equal to 0.1λ, and the λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of the lowest operating frequency of the first radiator when propagating in space; The coupling structure has four coupling parts, and one end of the first polarization feeding line, the second polarization feeding line, the first polarization ground plate and the second polarization ground plate are respectively connected to the four coupling parts.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The antenna further includes a second radiator, the first radiator is located in a radiation direction of the second radiator, and an operating frequency band of the second radiator is greater than an operating frequency band of the first radiator.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first radiator includes a base frame and a first open branch, the first open branch has a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to the base frame, the second end extends to the inside of the base frame, and the first open branch has a gradient structure between the first end and the second end.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The shape of the gradient structure is: triangle, rhombus, ellipse or semi-ellipse.

10. The antenna according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The first radiator further includes a second open-circuit branch, the length of the second open-circuit branch is 1 / 8λ', and the λ' is a wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the second radiator.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that: The first radiator includes a plurality of the second open-circuit branches, and a distance between two adjacent second open-circuit branches is less than or equal to 0.2λ′.

12. The antenna according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that: The second open-circuit branch is in a straight line, a broken line or a fork shape.

13. A communication device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a radio frequency processing unit and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the radio frequency processing unit is connected to a feeding network in the antenna.

Images