Drive device for motor vehicle, in particular for motor vehicle, and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive device (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a machine (2) having a rotor (3) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (5) relative to at least one means (14) of the machine (2) and which has a shaft (9), and comprising a discharge device (11) which is designed to conduct an electric current out of the rotor (3), the discharge device has a contact element (12) which can be moved relative to the device (14) and is electrically connected to the device (14), said contact element having a first sliding contact surface (16) which rests on a second sliding contact surface (17) of a shaft (9) which can be rotated about the axis of rotation (5) relative to the contact element (12), whereby the first sliding contact surface (16) is in contact with the second sliding contact surface (17) of the shaft (9) which can be rotated about the axis of rotation (5) relative to the contact element (12). An electrically conductive sliding contact (18) is formed between the sliding contact surfaces (16, 17), by means of which an electric current can be transmitted from the rotor (3) via the contact element (12) to a device (14), and thus an electric current can be conducted out of the rotor (3).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a drive device for a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, having at least one such drive device. Background Art

[0002] From WO 2019 / 185447 A1, a discharge device is known for conducting current from a rotor part of a machine, in particular a rotor part designed with a shaft, to a stator part of the machine. In addition, DE 102010039847 A1 discloses a grounding contact. Summary of the invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a drive device for a motor vehicle and a motor vehicle having at least one such drive device, which allows, on the one hand, particularly advantageous power dissipation and, on the other hand, advantageous cooling and / or lubrication of the machine.

[0004] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a drive device having the features of patent claim 1 and by a motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 10. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0005] A first aspect of the invention relates to a drive device for a motor vehicle. This means that a motor vehicle, preferably designed as a car, in particular as a passenger car and also referred to as a vehicle, has the drive device in its manufactured state and can be driven by means of the drive device. The drive device has a machine that can be used to drive the motor vehicle. Very preferably, the machine is an electric machine, which can be operated, for example, in motor mode and thus as an electric motor, by means of which the motor vehicle can be driven electrically, in particular purely electrically. Therefore, the motor vehicle is preferably designed as a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, in particular as a battery electric vehicle (BEV). Very preferably, the electric machine is a high-voltage component, the voltage of which, in particular the operating voltage or the nominal voltage, is preferably greater than 50 volts, and very preferably several hundred volts. The machine has a rotor, which is also referred to as a rotor part or a rotor device. The machine also has at least one device arranged in addition to the rotor, wherein the rotor can rotate relative to the at least one device about an axis of rotation. In particular, the machine can provide a torque for driving the motor vehicle through its rotor. Here, the rotor has a shaft, so that the shaft can rotate relative to the at least one device about a rotation axis. In particular, the machine can provide the aforementioned torque via the shaft, which can be used to drive the motor vehicle. The shaft is thus, for example, an output shaft of the machine, in particular of the drive device. It is therefore particularly conceivable that the drive device can provide a drive torque for driving, in particular purely electrically driving, the motor vehicle as a whole via the rotor, in particular via the shaft, wherein the drive torque can be generated from the aforementioned torque or wherein the drive torque can correspond to the torque.

[0006] The drive device also has a discharge device, by means of which the current can be led out of the rotor, that is, from the rotor and in particular from the shaft. This should be understood in particular as follows: the current can be transmitted from the rotor, in particular from the shaft, to the discharge device, and thus can be led out or led from the rotor or by the rotor, in particular from the shaft or by the shaft. Through this, the current can be directed from the rotor or from the rotor, that is, led out, without, for example, causing undesirable damage to the drive device, in particular undesirable damage to the drive device caused by the accidental or accidental conduction of the current from the rotor or by the rotor. It is particularly conceivable that the machine, in particular the motor, has a stator, by means of which, for example, the rotor can be driven, in particular when using electrical energy, and the rotor can thus rotate relative to the stator around the axis of rotation. Here, for example, the at least one device can be a component of the stator. The rotor and therefore the shaft can rotate relative to the at least one device around the axis of rotation.

[0007] The discharge device has a contact element that can be moved relative to the device, especially along the sliding direction, and the contact element is at least indirectly, especially directly electrically connected to the device, that is, electrically contacted. The contact element has a first sliding contact surface, which rests on a second sliding contact surface of the shaft. The shaft can rotate relative to the contact element about the rotation axis, so that when the shaft rotates about the rotation axis relative to the device and also relative to the contact element, the sliding contact surfaces slide or slide on each other while they rest on each other, especially directly on each other. Due to the fact that the sliding contact surfaces rest on each other, especially directly on each other, an electrically conductive sliding contact is formed, especially directly formed, between the sliding contact surfaces, through which the current can be transmitted from the shaft and therefore from the rotor via the contact element to the device, and thus discharged from the rotor, especially in a targeted manner.

[0008] The discharge device, for example, also has at least one spring element, which is preferably formed independently of the contact element and / or independently of the device. By means of the spring element, the first sliding contact surface is preloaded on the second sliding contact surface, in particular preloaded on the second sliding contact surface along the sliding direction. For this purpose, for example, the spring element is tensioned, whereby the spring element provides a spring force that acts in particular along the sliding direction. By means of the spring force, the first sliding contact surface is kept in contact with the second sliding contact surface, in particular in direct contact, whereby the first sliding contact surface is preloaded on the second sliding contact surface, in particular directly preloaded on the second sliding contact surface. The spring element is preferably elastically deformable, in particular along the sliding direction. The axis of rotation runs along the axial direction of the shaft, in particular so that the axis of rotation coincides with the axial direction of the shaft. The sliding direction runs, for example, parallel to the axial direction of the shaft, and therefore runs parallel to the axis of rotation. Thus, for example, the spring element allows an axial movement of the contact element, i.e. a translational movement along the sliding direction and relative to the device. For example, due to the axial movement of the shaft, this translational movement of the contact element along the sliding direction and relative to the device occurs. An axial movement of the shaft can be understood as a translational movement of the shaft in the axial direction of the shaft and relative to the component. If the shaft is thus moved relative to the component in the axial direction of the shaft, then during such an axial movement of the shaft, the contact element is translated relative to the component in the sliding direction, for example due to the switching contact surfaces, in particular viewed in the axial direction of the shaft or in the sliding direction, resting against each other, in particular directly against each other, wherein during these axial movements of the shaft and during these axial movements of the contact element, the first sliding contact surface is in contact, in particular directly in contact, with the second sliding contact surface by means of the spring element. In other words, the contact element can thus jointly carry out an axial movement of the shaft, while the first sliding contact surface is in contact, in particular directly in contact, with the second sliding contact surface by means of the spring element.

[0009] In order to be able to conduct the current out of the rotor particularly advantageously and to introduce it into the device in particular via the contact element on the one hand, and to enable particularly advantageous lubrication and / or cooling of the machine on the other hand, it is provided according to the invention that the component of the shaft forming the second sliding contact surface has a central through hole relative to the axis of rotation and the shaft, which through hole opens into a hollow first length region of the shaft on a side of the component facing away from the first sliding contact surface, in particular in the axial direction of the shaft.

[0010] The at least one component of the machine is also referred to as first component or first part, wherein, for example, the component with the through hole is also referred to as second component or second part. Thus, the shaft is hollow at least in the first length region and is therefore designed as a hollow shaft. When referring to the component or the at least one component below, it is to be understood as the first component, i.e. the first part. When referring to the component below, it is to be understood as the second component or second part.

[0011] According to the invention, it is also provided that the second sliding contact surface and therefore also the first sliding contact surface are arranged offset relative to the rotation axis. In other words, the second sliding contact surface and therefore also the first sliding contact surface are arranged offset with respect to or relative to the rotation axis. This should be understood as: the second sliding contact surface and therefore also the first sliding contact surface are offset outwardly relative to the rotation axis, especially when viewed in the radial direction of the shaft.

[0012] According to the present invention, it is also provided that the device has a fluid channel through which a preferably liquid lubricant and / or coolant can flow. Lubricants and / or coolants are fluids, in particular liquids, so that when fluids are mentioned below, they should be understood as lubricants and / or coolants unless otherwise specified. The fluid channel has, at least in a second length region of the fluid channel, a channel direction that runs obliquely relative to the axis of rotation and therefore relative to the axial direction of the shaft, and the fluid (lubricant and / or coolant) can flow through the second length region in the direction of the channel. This means that during operation of the drive device and therefore the machine, the fluid (lubricant and / or coolant) flows through the second length region in the direction of the channel. The channel direction in which the fluid flows through the second length region of the fluid channel during the above-mentioned operation is also referred to as the first channel direction of the second length region of the fluid channel.

[0013] The second length region leads to the environment of the device in the direction of the channel via an outlet opening of the second length region arranged on the side of the device facing the second sliding contact surface, in particular in the axial direction of the shaft, so that the lubricant and / or coolant (fluid) flowing through the second length region in the direction of the channel of the second length region can be ejected from the second length region and thus from the fluid channel in the direction of the channel via the outlet opening, can be ejected through the through hole in the direction of the channel of the second length region, and can be ejected into the hollow first length region of the shaft in the direction of the channel of the second length region. As a result, the fluid can be introduced into the hollow first length region of the shaft particularly advantageously, in particular so that the inner peripheral side of the shaft can be particularly advantageously wetted or sprayed with the fluid. This should be understood in particular as follows: the hollow first length region is, for example, a particularly central channel or has a particularly central channel, wherein the channel is bounded, in particular directly bounded, in particular in the radial direction of the shaft to the outside. By the particularly advantageous wetting of the inner circumferential side of the shaft with the fluid, for example, a particularly advantageous vortex of the fluid in the hollow first length region can be caused during the above-mentioned operation, in particular by: the fluid used or used to wet the inner circumferential side is carried by the inner circumferential side of the shaft rotating around the axis of rotation. Through this, the fluid is placed in the vortex in the hollow first length region. Through this, the fluid can be particularly advantageously conveyed through the hollow first length region, especially along the axial direction of the shaft, so that the position of the machine to be supplied with the fluid can be particularly well supplied with the fluid, in particular, with a sufficiently large amount of fluid. By offsetting these sliding contact surfaces relative to the axis of rotation, the through hole can be arranged in the center relative to the axis of rotation, so that an advantageous large amount of fluid can be sprayed through the through hole and thus can be sprayed into the hollow first length region. This advantageous large amount of fluid can be particularly advantageously conveyed to the aforementioned position by advantageously causing a vortex of the fluid in the hollow first length region as described above, so that a particularly advantageous lubrication and / or cooling of the machine can be ensured.

[0014] Experiments have shown that the central arrangement of the sliding contact surfaces relative to the axis of rotation and the resulting arrangement of the through-holes offset relative to the axis of rotation can, on the one hand, cause an aperture effect, making it impossible to introduce a sufficiently large amount of fluid into the hollow first length region. On the other hand, in certain cases, the fluid can no longer advantageously wet the inner peripheral side of the shaft, so that the fluid in the hollow first length region cannot generate vortices or only generates unfavorable micro-vortices. Subsequently, the desired supply of fluid to these locations may not be ensured. However, the present invention now makes it possible to advantageously supply these locations with an advantageous large amount of fluid, so that a particularly advantageous wetting and / or cooling of the machine can be ensured.

[0015] In order to enable a particularly advantageous supply of the position with fluid, it is provided in one embodiment of the invention that the fluid channel has a third length region, which is arranged upstream of the second length region when viewed along the first channel direction, and the channel direction of the third length region, through which the lubricant and / or the coolant can flow, also referred to as the second channel direction, runs obliquely relative to the channel direction of the second length region and parallel to the axis of rotation, thus parallel to the axial direction of the shaft. As a result, a particularly advantageous large amount of fluid can be injected into the hollow first length region in an advantageously short time.

[0016] It has proven to be particularly advantageous here that the second length region is directly connected to the third length region which is fluidically connected to the second length region, so that, viewed in the respective channel direction, no further, additional length region is arranged between the second length region and the third length region, in which the fluid channel is arranged. As a result, particularly large amounts of fluid can flow through the second length region and through the third length region and through the third length region, thus through the fluid channel, and subsequently be sprayed into the hollow first length region, so that a particularly advantageous supply of fluid to these locations can be ensured.

[0017] Another embodiment is distinguished in that the through-hole is round and thus designed in the shape of a circle, the center of which lies on the axis of rotation. As a result, the fluid can be introduced particularly advantageously, in particular sprayed, into the hollow first length region, so that the inner circumferential side of the shaft can be wetted particularly advantageously by the fluid. Subsequently, an advantageous conveyance of the fluid in or through the hollow first length region can be ensured, so that these locations can be supplied with the fluid particularly well.

[0018] In order to ensure particularly advantageous lubrication and / or cooling of the machine, it is provided in a further embodiment of the invention that the outlet openings are round and are thus designed in a circular shape, the center of which can be located on the axis of rotation or can be spaced apart from the axis of rotation in particular in the radial direction of the shaft. It is particularly conceivable that the axis of rotation intersects the outlet opening. It is preferably provided that the outlet opening and the through-opening overlap one another as viewed in the axial direction of the shaft, in particular so that, preferably as viewed in the axial direction of the shaft and in particular towards the hollow first length region, the outlet opening is at least predominantly, i.e. at least more than half or completely, covered by the through-opening. As a result, a particularly advantageous large amount of fluid can be injected into the first length region.

[0019] For example, the outlet opening and the through-opening extend in planes which run parallel to one another and are, for example, spaced apart from one another or coincide with one another, and which preferably run perpendicularly to the axial direction of the shaft, thus perpendicularly to the axis of rotation.

[0020] In order to be able to arrange the through-hole particularly advantageously and thus to introduce, in particular inject, the fluid particularly advantageously into the hollow first length region, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the rotation axis is spaced apart from the entire first sliding contact surface and therefore does not intersect the first sliding contact surface.

[0021] It is preferably provided that, in particular because the sliding contact surfaces bear against one another, in particular bear directly against one another, the sliding contact surfaces extend in a common sliding contact surface plane which preferably extends perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the shaft and perpendicularly to the axial direction of the shaft.

[0022] In order to be able to conduct the current out of the rotor in a particularly advantageous and targeted manner and to ensure a particularly advantageous supply of fluid to these locations, a further embodiment of the invention provides that the component forming the second sliding contact surface is a cover which is formed independently of the shaft body and is rotationally connected to the shaft body, which has a hollow first length region and therefore in particular has an inner circumferential side surface of the shaft.

[0023] In order to be able to conduct the current particularly advantageously and specifically on the rotor through the shaft, it is provided in another embodiment of the invention that the shaft is designed as an intermediate shaft. Here, the rotor has a rotor shaft arranged coaxially with the intermediate shaft, which is formed independently of the intermediate shaft and is connected to the intermediate shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the rotor shaft is at least partially arranged in the lamination stack of the rotor, in particular so that the lamination stack is connected to the rotor shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. Here, it is conceivable that the intermediate shaft is not arranged in the lamination stack, but is completely connected to the lamination stack in the axial direction of the intermediate shaft and therefore in the axial direction of the rotor shaft.

[0024] Another embodiment is characterized in that the rotor shaft is arranged upstream of the intermediate shaft with respect to a torque flow, also referred to as a torque path, along which the torque can be transferred from the rotor shaft arranged in the torque flow to the intermediate shaft arranged in the torque flow, and the intermediate shaft is therefore arranged downstream of the rotor shaft. As a result, the current can be discharged from the rotor via the rotor shaft and the intermediate shaft in a particularly advantageous and targeted manner without causing undesirable damage to the inlet device.

[0025] In particular, the discharge device is or serves as a grounding device, via which the shaft and thus the rotor can be grounded, i.e. connected to an electrical ground. In particular, the discharge device is a wet-running discharge device, and this is to be understood in particular as follows: in particular during the above-mentioned operation of the inlet device and thus the machine, the discharge device is at least partially arranged in a fluid, preferably in the form of a liquid, in particular in the form of oil. In the invention, the discharge device assumes a particularly advantageous fluid spray gun function, in particular an oil spray gun function, within the framework of which a fluid, for example in the form of oil, can be sprayed particularly advantageously, specifically and in sufficiently large quantities via the through-hole into the hollow first length region. Via the hollow first length region, for example, a fluid can be supplied to the bearing points and the rotor and, for example, also to the stator, and thereby the bearing points and the rotor and, for example, also the stator, the fluid being sprayed out of the outlet opening and, via this, being sprayed obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation through the through-hole and, therefore, into the hollow first length region.

[0026] For example, the second length region and / or the third length region are designed as corresponding holes or are formed by holes. Since the channel direction of the second length region is obliquely relative to the axial direction of the shaft, that is, it runs obliquely relative to the axis of rotation, it can be ensured that the fluid flowing through the through hole, and therefore the fluid jet formed by the fluid flowing through the through hole, contacts the wall surface of the inner peripheral side of the shaft, which is also called the inner wall or formed by the inner wall. The vortex generated therefrom, in particular the vortex of the fluid, transports the fluid, in particular automatically, through the hollow first length region and to the interior of the rotor. Simulations have confirmed the particularly high effectiveness of the present invention, in particular with regard to advantageously transporting the fluid through the hollow first length region to the aforementioned position and in particular transporting the fluid in an advantageously large amount.

[0027] A second aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle, preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car and also referred to as a vehicle, which has at least one drive device according to the first aspect of the invention. The advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention are to be regarded as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention, and vice versa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Further details of the invention emerge from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments using the associated drawings.

[0029] Figure 1 shows a partial schematic perspective cutaway view of a drive device for a motor vehicle;

[0030] Figure 2 shows another partial schematic perspective cutaway view of the drive device; and

[0031] Figure 3A schematic perspective view of a discharge device of a drive device is shown.

[0032] In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic perspective sectional view shows a section of a drive device 1 for a motor vehicle, also referred to as a vehicle for short and preferably designed as a motor vehicle, in particular as a passenger car, which can be driven, in particular driven purely electrically, by means of the drive device 1. The drive device 1 has a machine designed as an electric machine 2, which has a rotor 3 and a stator 4. By means of the stator 4, the rotor 3 can be driven and thus can be moved about an axis of rotation 5 relative to at least one component 6 ( Figure 2 ) is rotated. The rotor 3 has a rotor shaft 7 as a first shaft, wherein the electric machine 2 can provide a driving torque for driving the motor vehicle, in particular a purely electric drive of the motor vehicle, via the rotor 3, in particular via the rotor shaft 7. For example, the rotor 3 comprises a lamination stack 8, wherein the rotor shaft 7 is at least partially arranged in the lamination stack 8. In particular, the lamination stack 8 is connected to the rotor shaft 7 in a rotationally fixed manner.

[0034] The drive device 1 further comprises an intermediate shaft 9 as a second shaft. The intermediate shaft 9 is formed independently of the rotor shaft and is connected to the rotor shaft 7 in a rotationally fixed manner, in particular via a spline connection. Through this, the driving torque provided or available by the motor 2 through its rotor 3, in particular through the rotor shaft 7, can be transmitted to the intermediate shaft 9, which can then provide a torque for driving the motor vehicle, in particular a purely electric drive of the motor vehicle. These torques are, for example, driving torques or are generated by driving torques. For example, the intermediate shaft 9 is a transmission input shaft or is connected to a transmission input shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein, via the transmission input shaft, the above-mentioned torque can be introduced into a transmission of the drive device 1, which is not shown in more detail in the drawings. Thus, for example, the motor vehicle can be driven, in particular purely electric, via the transmission by means of the drive device 1. The drive device 1 comprises a housing 10, wherein the motor 2 and / or the intermediate shaft 9 are respectively arranged at least partially in the housing 10. The device 6 is a first device, which is designed as a cover of the housing 10 in the embodiment shown in the drawings. For example, the housing 10 has a housing element, which has a through hole. For example, the through-opening of the housing element is closed by means of a device 6 (cover).

[0035] from Figure 2: It can be seen that the drive device 1 has a discharge device 11, by means of which the current can be discharged from the rotor 3, in particular via the intermediate shaft 9, in particular into the housing 10 or the component 6. This means in particular that the above-mentioned current can be transmitted, for example, from the rotor 3 via the rotor shaft 7 to the intermediate shaft 9 and from the intermediate shaft 9 to the discharge device 11 and via the discharge device 11 or from the discharge device 11 to the component 6, and can thus be discharged, discharged or led away from the rotor 3 in a targeted manner, in particular without causing the current to be discharged from the rotor 3 in a random or accidental manner. For example, the rotor 3 is mounted on the housing 10 via at least one or more bearings, for example designed as rolling bearings, so as to be rotatable relative to the housing 10 about the axis of rotation 5. The above-mentioned currents can occur in particular due to the use of an inverter for the electric machine 2. For example, if the discharge device 11 is not used to discharge the current in a targeted manner from or by the rotor 3 of the electric machine 2, it can occur that the current, which seeks the path of least resistance, jumps from the rotor 3 to the housing 10 via the bearing or the bearings. As a result, damage to the bearing, in particular the bearing raceway, can occur, which can lead to undesired damage to the drive device 1. This can now be ensured by using the discharge device 11.

[0036] In order to be able to conduct the current particularly advantageously from the rotor 3 and to ensure particularly advantageous lubrication and / or cooling of the drive device 1, in particular the electric machine 2, the discharge device 11 has a contact element 12 which can be moved in particular along the Figure 2 The sliding direction illustrated by the double arrow 13 in the drawing moves relative to the device 6. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the discharge device 11 has a second device 14 formed independently of the first device 6, which second device, for example, serves as or is designed as a guide element, with the help of which the contact element 12 is guided along the sliding direction. Therefore, the contact element 12 can move along the device 14 and along the sliding direction in a guided manner, that is, it can move back and forth in a guided manner. In particular, in the embodiment shown in the drawings, the device 14 is the housing of the discharge device 11. The device 14 is formed independently of the device 6. In addition, the device 14 is electrically connected to the device 6, that is, it is in electrical contact with the device 6, in particular, it is in direct electrical contact. In particular, the device 14 is connected to the device 6, in particular so that: no relative rotation between the device 14 and 6 and preferably no relative translational movement between these devices occurs. For this purpose, for example, the device 14 is pressed into the device 6. Figure 3 In the drawing, a discharge device 11 is shown in a schematic perspective view.

[0037] from Figure 2It can be seen that the device 6 has a channel 15, also called main channel or main oil channel, through which a lubricant and / or a coolant can flow for lubrication and / or cooling of the drive device 1. In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the lubricant and / or the coolant, also referred to as fluid for short, is a liquid, in particular oil, so that the channel 15 is also referred to as an oil channel or main oil channel. With the help of the fluid, at least corresponding positions of the drive device 1 can be lubricated and / or cooled. Some of these positions are, for example, bearing points, which can be supplied with fluid and can thus be lubricated and / or cooled with the help of the fluid. In particular, the above-mentioned bearings are arranged at these bearing points. These bearings are, for example, rolling bearings.

[0038] from Figure 2 and Figure 31 , it can be seen particularly well that the contact element 12, in particular on its end face facing the intermediate shaft 9, in particular in the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 9, has a first sliding contact surface 16, which is also referred to as the first contact surface. The first sliding contact surface 16 bears, in particular directly bears, against a second sliding contact surface 17 of the intermediate shaft 9, whereby an electrically conductive sliding contact 18 is formed between the sliding contact surfaces 16 and 17. The second sliding contact surface 17 is also referred to as the second sliding contact surface. Via the electrically conductive sliding contact 18, the above-mentioned current can be transmitted from the rotor 3 via the contact element 12 to the device 14 and via the device to the device 6, and thus be conducted out of the rotor 3. In other words, the current can be transmitted, for example, from the rotor 3 via the rotor shaft 7 to the intermediate shaft 9, and from the intermediate shaft 9 via the sliding contact 18 to the contact element 12, and from the contact element 12 to the device 14, and from the device 14 to the device 6. For this purpose, the contact element 12 is electrically connected to the device 14 via a strand 19, in particular an electrically conductive strand, of the discharge device 11, for example, in particular such that the strand 19 is electrically conductively connected to the contact element 12 on the one hand, in particular to the contact element at one end, and is electrically conductively connected to the device 14 on the other hand, in particular to the device at the other end. At least a partial area of ​​the strand 19 jointly performs the movement of the contact element 12 relative to the device 14 and relative to the device 6. The discharge device 11 further comprises a spring element 20, which in the present case is designed as a mechanical spring, in particular as a compression spring. By means of the spring element 20, the first sliding contact surface 16 is prestressed on the second sliding contact surface 17. For this purpose, for example, the spring element 20 is tensioned, whereby the spring element 20 provides a spring force that acts in particular in the sliding direction. By means of the spring force, the sliding contact surface 16 is kept in contact with the sliding contact surface 17, in particular in direct contact. In the sliding direction, the spring element 20 is elastically deformable, so that the spring element 20 allows the movement of the contact element 12 in the sliding direction and relative to the device 14 and relative to the device 6. These movements of the contact element 12 are also referred to as axial movements of the contact element 12. These axial movements of the contact element 12 occur, for example, when the intermediate shaft 9 undergoes an axial movement, which translates in the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 9 and therefore along the rotation axis 5 relative to the housing 10 and therefore in particular relative to the devices 6 and 14, in particular moves back and forth, in particular due to the axial movement of the intermediate shaft 9.

[0039] The component 21 of the intermediate shaft 9 forming the second sliding contact surface 17 has a central through hole 22 relative to the rotation axis 5, which leads to the hollow first length region L1 of the intermediate shaft 9 on the side S1 of the component 21, especially in the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 9, facing away from the first sliding contact surface 16. The component 21 is also called the first device or the first component. The second sliding contact surface 17 is arranged offset relative to the rotation axis 5, especially so that the rotation axis 5 does not intersect the sliding contact surfaces 16 and 17. Therefore, for example, the second sliding contact surface 17 is annular and is therefore designed as a ring, the center of which is located on the rotation axis 5, for example. The device 6 is also called the first device or the first component, the device 14 is also called the second device or the second component, and the component 21 is also called the third component or the third device.

[0040] The device 14 has a fluid channel 26 through which a fluid can flow, which is fluidically connected to the channel 15. Therefore, the fluid flowing through the channel 15 can flow from the channel 15 into the fluid channel 26. The fluid channel 26 has a second length region L2, the channel direction of which is illustrated by the arrow 23 and runs obliquely with respect to the axis of rotation 5. The fluid can flow through the second length region L2 of the fluid channel 26 in the channel direction, which is also called the first channel direction and is illustrated by the arrow 23. In addition, the second length region L2 and therefore the fluid channel 26 as a whole lead to the environment 25 of the device 4 in the first channel direction via the outlet opening 24 of the second length region L2 arranged on the side S2 of the device 14 facing the second sliding contact surface 17, in the present case, the component 21 is arranged in the environment 25 of the device.

[0041] Through this, the fluid flowing through the second length region L2 in the first channel direction illustrated by the arrow 23 can be ejected from the second length region L2 and from the fluid channel 26 as a whole in the first channel direction illustrated by the arrow 23 via the outlet opening 24, be ejected to the environment 25 or be ejected into the environment, be ejected through the through-opening 22, and be ejected into the hollow first length region L1 of the intermediate shaft 9. In other words, during operation of the drive device 1, the fluid first flows through the channel 15. The fluid flows from the channel 15 into the fluid channel 26 and flows through it and thus through the second length region L2, wherein the fluid flows through the second length region L2 in the first channel direction illustrated by the arrow 23 and here through the outlet opening 24. The outlet opening 24 is a purely two-dimensional hole or can be conceived as a two-dimensional hole, via which the second length region L2 and thus the fluid channel 26 opens into the environment 25. Thus, during this operation, the fluid is ejected from the second length region L2 and thus from the fluid channel 26 via the outlet opening 24 in the direction of the first channel illustrated by the arrow 23, and the fluid is ejected through the through hole 22 in the direction of the first channel illustrated by the arrow 23, and the fluid is ejected into the hollow first length region L1 in the direction of the first channel illustrated by the arrow 23. Figure 2 In the diagram, a fluid jet, also referred to as a jet, is schematically shown and denoted by 27. The fluid jet 27 is formed by a fluid, which is ejected from the second length region L2 via the outlet opening 24 in the direction of the first channel illustrated by the arrow 23 and is ejected through the through hole 22. Since the fluid is preferably oil, the fluid jet 27 is preferably an oil jet. It can be seen that the intermediate shaft 9 has an inner peripheral side 30 in the first length region L1, and the fluid jet 27 and thus the fluid forming the fluid jet 27 are ejected, in particular directly ejected, on the inner peripheral side, in particular in the direction of the first channel illustrated by the arrow 23. In this case, if the intermediate shaft 9 rotates about the rotation axis 5, the fluid ejected on the inner peripheral side 30 will generate a vortex, that is, a vortex-like flow. As a result, the fluid is transported through the hollow first length region L1 and in particular to the aforementioned positions, which can be particularly advantageously supplied with the fluid. As a result, an advantageous cooling and / or lubrication of the drive device 1, in particular the motor 2, can be ensured.

[0042] from Figure 2 , it can be seen particularly well that the fluid channel 26 has a third length region L3 arranged upstream of the second length region L2, the second channel direction of which, indicated by the arrow 28, runs parallel to the rotation axis 5. The second channel direction (arrow 28) therefore runs obliquely relative to the first channel direction (arrow 23). In this case, the second length region L2 is directly connected to the third length region L3.

[0043] In the embodiment shown in the drawings, the through hole 22 is round and is therefore designed in the shape of a circle, the center of which is located on the rotation axis 5. The outlet opening 24 is also round and is therefore designed in the shape of a circle, but the center of which is, for example, spaced apart from the rotation axis 5. However, the rotation axis 5 intersects the outlet opening 24. Furthermore, it is provided in this embodiment that the rotation axis 5 is spaced apart from the entire first sliding contact surface 16.

[0044] The component 21 forming the second sliding contact surface 17 is a cover which is formed independently of the shaft body 29 of the intermediate shaft 9. The component 21 (cover) is connected to the shaft body 29 in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the shaft body 29 has a hollow first length region L1 and in particular an inner circumferential side 30.

[0045] Reference numerals list

[0046] 1 Drive unit

[0047] 2 Motor

[0048] 3 Rotor

[0049] 4 Stator

[0050] 5 Axis of rotation

[0051] 6 First Device

[0052] 7 Rotor shaft

[0053] 8 lamination pack

[0054] 9 Intermediate shaft

[0055] 10. Housing

[0056] 11 Discharge device

[0057] 12 Contact elements

[0058] 13 Double Arrow

[0059] 14 Second Device

[0060] 15 channels

[0061] 16 First sliding contact surface

[0062] 17 Second sliding contact surface

[0063] 18 Conductive sliding contact

[0064] 19 stranded conductor

[0065] 20 Spring element

[0066] 21 Components

[0067] 22 Through Holes

[0068] 23 Arrow

[0069] 24 Exit hole

[0070] 25 Environment

[0071] 26 Fluid Channel

[0072] 27 Fluid Jet

[0073] 28 Arrow

[0074] 29 Axis

[0075] 30 Inner side

[0076] S1 side

[0077] S2 side

[0078] L1 Length Area

[0079] L2 Length Area

[0080] L3 Length Area

Claims

1. A drive device (1) for a motor vehicle, the drive device comprising a machine (2), the machine having a rotor (3) with a shaft (9) which is rotatable about an axis of rotation (5) relative to at least one component (14) of the machine (2), and a discharge device (11) which is designed to discharge current from the rotor (3), the discharge device having a contact element (12) which is movable relative to the component (14) and electrically connected to the component (14), the contact element having a first sliding contact surface (16) which bears against a second sliding contact surface (17) of the shaft (9) which is rotatable about the axis of rotation (5) relative to the contact element (12), whereby an electrically conductive sliding contact (18) is formed between the sliding contact surfaces (16, 17), via which current can be transmitted from the rotor (3) via the contact element (12) to the component (14), and whereby current can be discharged from the rotor (3), Features: - the part (21) of the shaft (9) forming the second sliding contact surface (17) has a central through hole (22) relative to the rotation axis (5) and the shaft (9), the through hole leading to a hollow first length region (L1) of the shaft (9) on the side (S1) of the part (21) facing away from the first sliding contact surface (16); - the second sliding contact surface (17) is arranged offset relative to the rotation axis (5); and The device (14) has a fluid channel (26) through which a lubricant and / or a coolant can flow, and the fluid channel has, at least in a second length region (L2) of the fluid channel (26), a channel direction (23) running obliquely with respect to the rotation axis (5), toward which: o the lubricant and / or coolant can flow through the second length region (L2), and oThe second length region (L2) leads to the environment (25) of the device (14) via an outlet hole (24) of the second length region (L2) arranged on the side (S2) of the device (14) facing the second sliding contact surface (17), whereby the lubricant and / or coolant flowing through the second length region (L2) in the direction of the channel (23) can be sprayed out from the second length region (L2) and from the fluid channel (26) in the direction of the channel (23) via the outlet hole (24), can be sprayed through the through hole (22), and can be sprayed into the hollow first length region (L1) of the shaft (9).

2. The drive device (1) according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The fluid channel (26) has a third length region (L3) arranged upstream of the second length region (L2), the third length region (L3) being capable of being flowed through by the lubricant and / or coolant, and the channel direction (28) of the third length region being inclined relative to the channel direction (23) of the second length region (L2) and extending parallel to the rotation axis (5).

3. The drive device (1) according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The second length region (L2) is directly connected to the third length region (L3).

4. A drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The through-opening (22) is round and is therefore designed in the shape of a circle, the center of which lies on the axis of rotation (5).

5. A drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The outlet opening (24) is round and is thus designed in a circular shape.

6. A drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The rotation axis (5) is spaced apart from the entire first sliding contact surface (16).

7. A drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The component (21) forming the second sliding contact surface (17) is a cover, which is formed independently of the shaft body (29) of the shaft (9) and is connected to the shaft body (29) in a rotationally fixed manner. The shaft body has a hollow first length region (L1).

8. A drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, It is characterized in that The shaft (9) is designed as an intermediate shaft (9), wherein the rotor (3) has a rotor shaft (7) which is arranged coaxially with the intermediate shaft (9), is formed independently of the intermediate shaft (9) and is connected to the intermediate shaft (9) in a rotationally fixed manner.

9. The drive device (1) according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The rotor shaft (7) is arranged upstream of the intermediate shaft (9) with respect to a torque flow along which torque can be transmitted from the rotor shaft (7) arranged in the torque flow to the intermediate shaft (9) arranged in the torque flow.

10. A motor vehicle having a drive device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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