Mountain corn straw returning machine and straw returning method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning machines, and discloses a mountain corn straw returning machine and a straw returning method.The mountain corn straw returning machine comprises a machine shell, a connecting piece is arranged at the upper end of the machine shell and used for being fixedly connected with the driving end of a tractor and the like, a smashing piece is arranged in the machine shell and used for conducting smashing operation on corn straw, and a feeding port is formed in the front end of the machine shell; a feeding port is formed in the front end of the machine shell, a feeding plate is arranged at the front end of the machine shell, the feeding plate is correspondingly arranged on the front side of the feeding port, a discharging port is formed in the lower end of the machine shell, and a walking piece is arranged on the side wall of the machine shell. And the method can effectively cope with landforms with larger slopes or more rocks, greatly expands the application range, can cope with operation requirements under different topographic conditions, and has the characteristics of strong practicability and good stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of straw returners, in particular to a mountain corn straw returner and a straw return method. Background Art

[0002] During the planting and production process of corn, a large amount of by-product - straw - is produced. In the past, this straw was usually used as livestock feed or directly burned. The latter not only wastes resources, but also causes serious air pollution and other environmental problems.

[0003] With the improvement of agricultural mechanization, the method of straw treatment has changed significantly. More attention is paid to environmental protection and effective use of resources. In particular, the practice of returning straw to the fields has become one of the mainstream trends. It not only helps to improve the quality of the soil and increase its fertility, but also reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, saves energy, and effectively reduces environmental pollution caused by burning straw.

[0004] Traditional straw returners are mainly used in large-scale agricultural production in plains or relatively flat areas. They are usually towed by a tractor or mounted in a suspended manner. A feed port is provided at the front end for receiving crop residues, and a cutting tool is configured inside to achieve preliminary crushing of the straw. A discharge port is provided at the bottom to spread the processed material. However, most models only focus on the straw crushing link. Subsequent land preparation, such as deep plowing and harrowing, often requires additional agricultural machinery to complete, which increases the operating burden and time cost of farmers. At the same time, due to the lack of sufficient off-road capability and stability, they perform poorly when facing terrain with large slopes or more rocks, and it is difficult to meet the agronomic requirements under special geographical conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to design a mountain corn straw returner and straw return method with strong practicality and good stability. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a mountain corn stalk return machine and a stalk return method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a mountain corn stalk return machine includes a casing, a connecting piece is provided at the upper end of the casing for fixed connection with a driving end such as a tractor, a crushing piece is provided in the casing for crushing corn stalks, a feed port is provided at the front end of the casing, a loading plate is provided at the front end of the casing and the loading plate is correspondingly arranged at the front side of the feed port, a discharge port is provided at the lower end of the casing, and a walking piece is provided on the side wall of the casing for walking in the mountains and playing a shock-absorbing role during walking, and the walking piece is Rectangles are respectively arranged at the four corners of the casing, and a driving member is provided on the side wall of the casing, and the driving member serves as a driving source for the crushing member. A rotary tillage member is provided at the rear end of the casing, and the rotary tillage member performs rotary tillage operations on the land. A soil pressing member is provided on the rear side of the rotary tillage member, and the land after rotary tillage is flattened. A liquid collecting box is provided at the upper end of the casing, and a spraying member 1 and a spraying member 2 are respectively connected to the liquid collecting box. The spraying member 1 and the spraying member 2 are respectively arranged above the crushing member and the rotary tillage member, and respectively perform water spraying operations and decomposition agent spraying operations on the straw.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the connecting member includes a connecting seat, connecting ribs and reinforcing ribs. The connecting seat is arranged at the front end of the casing and above the loading plate. The connecting seat and the casing are fixedly connected by the connecting ribs and the reinforcing ribs. The reinforcing ribs are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting ribs.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the crushing part includes a crushing roller, a fixed ring and a crushing knife. The crushing roller is symmetrically arranged in the casing, the fixed ring is arranged on the crushing roller in a linear array, the fixed rings on adjacent crushing rollers are staggered, the crushing knife and the fixed ring are correspondingly arranged, and the crushing knife is arranged on the outer wall of the fixed ring in a circular array.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the walking part includes a shock-absorbing box, a fixed plate, a threaded rod, a rotary handle, a shock-absorbing spring, a damper, a shock-absorbing plate, a connecting shaft and a universal wheel. The shock-absorbing box is fixedly installed on the side wall of the casing, the fixed plate is movably installed in the shock-absorbing box, the threaded rod is movably installed on the upper end of the fixed plate, the threaded rod is threadedly connected in the shock-absorbing box and the rotary handle is symmetrically fixedly installed on the end, the shock-absorbing spring and the damper are respectively arranged at the lower end of the fixed plate, the shock-absorbing spring is sleeved on the outside of the damper, the shock-absorbing spring and the lower end of the damper are jointly fixedly installed with the shock-absorbing plate, the shock-absorbing plate is movably installed in the shock-absorbing box, the lower end of the shock-absorbing plate is fixedly installed with the connecting shaft, the lower end of the connecting shaft extends out of the shock-absorbing box and the universal wheel is movably installed.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the driving component includes a servo motor, a pulley, a belt and a gear box. The servo motor is fixedly installed on one side of the casing and the output end of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the crushing roller at one end. The gear box is fixedly installed on the other side of the casing. The pulley and the belt are both located in the gear box. The other end of the crushing roller is fixedly connected to the pulley through a rotating shaft, and the pulleys are meshed with each other through the belt.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the rotary tiller includes a fixing frame, a rotary tiller shaft, a second fixing ring and a rotary tiller blade. The fixing frame is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the casing by fastening bolts. The fixing frame is mirror-set. The rotary tiller shaft is movably mounted between the fixing frames. The second fixing ring is arranged in a linear array on the rotary tiller shaft. The rotary tiller blade and the second fixing ring are arranged correspondingly. The rotary tiller blade is arranged in a circular array on the outer wall of the second fixing ring.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the liquid collecting box includes a box body, a box cover, a partition plate, a transparent window, a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The box body is fixedly installed on the upper end of the casing, and the box cover is fixedly installed on the upper end of the box body by fastening bolts. The partition plate is arranged in the middle position of the box body. The partition plate divides the liquid collecting box into liquid collecting chamber 1 and liquid collecting chamber 2. The liquid collecting chamber 1 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 store water and decomposing agent respectively. The transparent window is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the liquid collecting box and corresponds to the liquid collecting chamber 1 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 respectively. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively arranged on the transparent window.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the spraying member 1 and the spraying member 2 are respectively arranged corresponding to the liquid collecting chamber 1 and the liquid collecting chamber 2, the spraying member 1 and the spraying member 2 have the same structure and similar functions, the spraying member 2 includes a delivery pump, a delivery pipe, a spraying frame and a spraying head, the spraying frame is arranged at the upper end of the rotary tillage member through a bracket, the spraying frame and the liquid collecting chamber 2 are connected through a delivery pipe, the delivery pipe is provided with the delivery pump and the delivery pump is fixedly installed on the side wall of the liquid collecting tank, the spraying frame is arranged in a hollow body, and the spraying heads are evenly distributed at the lower end of the spraying frame.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the soil pressing member includes a flattening roller and side plates, the side plates are fixedly mounted on the outside of the fixing frame by fastening bolts, and the flattening roller is movably mounted between the side plates.

[0015] The method for returning corn stalks to the field by a mountain corn stalk returning machine comprises the following steps: S1, Preparation: Before starting the operation, conduct a comprehensive technical inspection of the equipment, replenish the water and decomposing agent in the liquid collecting tank to ensure that the remaining amount is sufficient, and adjust the walking parts according to the operation requirements under the current terrain conditions, and adjust the height or inclination angle of the flattening roller; S2, Straw crushing: The feeding plate is used to effectively introduce corn straw into the feed port. The feed port is designed in an outward-facing shape, which helps to introduce materials more smoothly. When the tractor drives the entire device forward, the crushing roller will rotate under the action of the driving member, and tear and chop the corn straw through the cutting system composed of a fixed ring and a crushing knife. The fixed rings on adjacent crushing rollers are staggered, which increases the contact opportunity between the material and the crushing knife, reduces the possibility of jamming, and ensures a continuous and stable operation process; S3, water supplement: adding appropriate amount of water to the straw in the crushing process through the spraying part. This step helps to reduce dust generation and provides the necessary humidity environment for microbial activity, promoting its degradation of complex organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; S4, adding decomposing agent: Use spraying device 2 to spray decomposing agent after rotary tillage to accelerate the decomposition of straw, shorten the time required for complete decomposition, and improve the efficiency of humus formation. The microbial metabolites in the decomposing agent can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the aggregate structure, reduce the bulk density, etc., making the soil more loose and breathable; S5, soil tillage: As the rotary tillage piece continues to rotate, the rotary blades continuously cut into the soil, loosening and mixing the soil layer through cutting, turning and crushing actions, ensuring that the straw fragments can be evenly distributed in the soil. This process helps to improve the soil structure, increase air permeability and water retention capacity, which is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops; S6, soil flattening: The soil compactor follows the rotary tillage component and naturally contacts and compacts the soil or material below through the flattening roller, reducing surface undulations, promoting close contact between seeds and soil, and improving germination rate and seedling survival rate.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: (1) This application uses a shock-absorbing box, a threaded rod, a shock-absorbing spring, a damper and other components to enable the field return machine to travel stably on rugged ground and effectively cope with terrain with large slopes or more rocks, greatly expanding the scope of application and being able to cope with operating needs under different terrain conditions; (2) The present application can not only complete straw crushing, but also perform water replenishment, decomposition agent addition, soil tillage and final land compaction in the same process. This integrated design reduces the need for additional agricultural machinery, reduces farmers' operating burden and time cost, and improves work efficiency; (3) Spraying water and decomposing agents helps promote microbial activity, accelerate straw decomposition, improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase aggregate structure, reduce bulk density, and make the soil more loose and breathable. At the same time, rotary tillage and soil compaction ensure that straw fragments are evenly distributed in the soil, which is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops. (4) Through effective straw return to the fields, air pollution caused by burning is avoided, which meets modern environmental protection requirements and helps protect the environment and build a green agricultural system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a first stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a second stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 is a third stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 4 is a fourth stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 is a fifth stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 6 is a sixth stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 is a first partial stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 is a second partial stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig. 9 is a third partial stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; Fig.10 is a fourth partial stereoscopic schematic diagram of the present invention; In the figure: 1- housing, 2- connecting part, 21- connecting seat, 22- connecting rib, 23- reinforcing rib, 3- crushing part, 31- crushing roller, 32- fixing ring 1, 33- crushing knife, 4- feeding port, 5- feeding plate, 6- discharging port, 7- walking part, 71- shock absorbing box, 72- fixing plate, 73- threaded rod, 74- rotating handle, 75- shock absorbing spring, 76- damper, 77- shock absorbing plate, 78- connecting shaft, 79- universal wheel, 8- driving part, 81- servo motor, 82- pulley, 83- belt, 84- gear box , 9-rotary tillage parts, 91-fixed frame, 92-rotary tillage shaft, 93-fixed ring 2, 94-rotary tillage blade, 10-soil pressing parts, 101-flattening roller, 102-side plate, 11-liquid collecting box, 111-box body, 112-box cover, 113-partition plate, 114-transparent window, 115-liquid inlet, 116-liquid outlet, 117-liquid collecting chamber 1, 118-liquid collecting chamber 2, 12-spraying part 1, 13-spraying part 2, 131-delivery pump, 132-delivery pipe, 133-spraying frame, 134-spraying head, 14-bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a mountain corn stalk return machine, including a casing 1, a connecting piece 2 is provided at the upper end of the casing 1 for fixed connection with a driving end such as a tractor, a crushing piece 3 is provided in the casing 1 for crushing corn stalks, a feeding port 4 is provided at the front end of the casing 1, a loading plate 5 is provided at the front end of the casing 1 and the loading plate 5 is correspondingly arranged at the front side of the feeding port 4, a discharging port 6 is provided at the lower end of the casing 1, and a walking piece 7 is provided on the side wall of the casing 1 for walking in the mountains and playing a shock-absorbing role during walking, and the walking piece 7 is rectangular and is respectively arranged on the casing 1, a driving member 8 is provided on the side wall of the casing 1 at the four corners, and the driving member 8 serves as the driving source of the crushing member 3. A rotary tillage member 9 is provided at the rear end of the casing 1, and the rotary tillage member 9 performs rotary tillage operation on the land. A soil pressing member 10 is provided at the rear side of the rotary tillage member 9 to flatten the land after rotary tillage. A liquid collecting box 11 is provided at the upper end of the casing 1, and a spraying member 12 and a spraying member 2 13 are respectively connected to the liquid collecting box 11. The spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 are respectively arranged above the crushing member 3 and the rotary tillage member 9, and respectively perform water spraying operation and decomposition agent spraying operation on the straw; The present application is mainly used in the corn stalk return to the field operation in mountainous and other undulating areas. The casing 1 serves as the core frame of the entire equipment, carrying all internal components and protecting them from the influence of the external environment. The connecting piece 2 is located on the top of the casing 1, and is used to firmly connect the return machine to the tractor or other power source, ensuring the stability and synchronization between the two, making the operation safer and more reliable. A crushing chamber is provided inside it as the installation space of the crushing piece 3. The main task of the crushing piece 3 is to cut and crush the collected corn stalks into smaller fragments for subsequent soil mixing. The feed port 4 and the loading plate 5 are arranged at the front end of the casing 1, and the feed port 4 is in an outward-facing "eight" shape. The setting can effectively introduce the straw, wherein the loading plate 5 helps to guide the straw into the feed port 4, ensuring that the material can be smoothly fed into the crushing device. This design simplifies the operating process and reduces the need for manual intervention. The discharge port 6 is located at the bottom of the casing 1, and is responsible for discharging the crushed straw and evenly spreading it on the field. An inclined slope is provided above the discharge port 6 to facilitate the discharge of the crushed straw inside and avoid accumulation of materials inside the casing 1. The walking parts 7 are distributed at the four corners of the casing 1, which not only support the weight of the entire machine, but also play a shock-absorbing role when moving. Considering the special topography of the mountain, the walking parts 7 can have a strong passing performance and can The driving member 8 provides the necessary power support for the crushing member 3. The rotary tillage member 9 is located at the rear end of the casing 1 and is used to deeply plow the land so that the crushed straw can be better integrated into the soil. This process helps to improve the soil structure, increase air permeability and water retention capacity, and thus is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops. The soil pressing member 10 follows the rotary tillage member 9 and smoothes the surface of the land that has just been plowed, which can not only reduce the surface undulations, but also promote close contact between seeds and soil, thereby improving the germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings. The liquid collecting box 11, the spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 together constitute the liquid management system, which are respectively responsible for supplying liquid to the crushing process. Adding appropriate amount of water to the straw and spraying decomposing agent after rotary tillage can help reduce dust generation and replenish water. Sufficient water can quickly activate microorganisms and accelerate the degradation of complex organic matter (such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in the straw, and finally convert these substances into nutrients that are easy for plants to absorb and utilize, especially in mountainous areas where soil erosion is prone to occur. The latter accelerates the decomposition rate of straw. Adding decomposing agent can significantly shorten the time required for the straw to be fully decomposed and improve the efficiency of humus formation. The microbial metabolites in the decomposing agent can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as increasing the aggregate structure, reducing the bulk density, etc., making the soil more loose and breathable. Specifically, the connecting member 2 includes a connecting seat 21, a connecting rib 22 and a reinforcing rib 23. The connecting seat 21 is arranged at the front end of the housing 1 and above the loading plate 5. The connecting seat 21 and the housing 1 are fixedly connected by the connecting rib 22 and the reinforcing rib 23. The reinforcing rib 23 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rib 22. The connecting rib 22 is a bridge between the connecting seat 21 and the housing 1. They are tightly connected together by welding or other forms of fixing. This design can effectively disperse the traction from the tractor and evenly distribute the force on the entire housing, thereby avoiding damage caused by excessive local force. The reinforcing ribs 23 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rib 22 to form a stable triangular support structure. This geometric shape has a natural anti-deformation ability and can greatly enhance the overall rigidity of the connection part. Specifically, the crushing element 3 includes a crushing roller 31, a fixing ring 32 and a crushing knife 33. The crushing roller 31 is symmetrically arranged in the housing 1. The fixing ring 32 is arranged on the crushing roller 31 in a linear array. The fixing rings 32 on adjacent crushing rollers 31 are staggered. The crushing knife 33 and the fixing ring 32 are arranged correspondingly and the crushing knife 33 is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing ring 32 in a circumferential array. When the tractor drives the whole device forward, the crushing roller will rotate under the action of the driving member 8, and guide the corn stalks to the crushing area by cooperating with the feed port 4 and the loading plate 5. The surface of the crushing roller is installed with a fixing ring 32 and a crushing knife 33, which together constitute an efficient cutting system, which can effectively tear and chop larger-sized stalks. The fixing rings 32 are arranged on the crushing roller 31 in a linear array, that is, they are evenly spaced along the axial direction of the crushing roller. The fixing rings 32 on adjacent crushing rollers 31 are staggered, forming a staggered arrangement effect. Such a design can increase the contact opportunity between the material and the crushing knife 33, so that each rotation can process as many newly entered straw fragments as possible. At the same time, the staggered arrangement also helps to reduce the possibility of material jamming, ensuring a continuous and stable operation process. Specifically, the walking member 7 includes a shock absorbing box 71, a fixed plate 72, a threaded rod 73, a rotary handle 74, a shock absorbing spring 75, a damper 76, a shock absorbing plate 77, a connecting shaft 78 and a universal wheel 79. The shock absorbing box 71 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the housing 1, and the fixed plate 72 is movably mounted in the shock absorbing box 71. The threaded rod 73 is movably mounted on the upper end of the fixed plate 72. The threaded rod 73 is threadedly connected in the shock absorbing box 71 and the rotary handle 74 is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the end. The handle 74, the shock absorbing spring 75 and the damper 76 are respectively arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate 72, the shock absorbing spring 75 is sleeved outside the damper 76, the shock absorbing plate 77 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the shock absorbing spring 75 and the damper 76, the shock absorbing plate 77 is movably installed in the shock absorbing box 71, the lower end of the shock absorbing plate 77 is fixedly installed with the connecting shaft 78, the lower end of the connecting shaft 78 extends out of the shock absorbing box 71 and is movably installed with the universal wheel 79; The shock absorbing box 71 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the casing 1, providing a closed space for the entire walking system and protecting the internal components from the influence of the external environment. The fixed plate 72 is movably mounted in the shock absorbing box 71 and can move in the vertical direction. It is connected to the external handle 74 through a threaded rod 73, allowing the operator to adjust the height position of the fixed plate 72 by rotating the handle 74. The shock absorbing spring 75 and the damper 76 are respectively arranged at the lower end of the fixed plate 72, wherein the shock absorbing spring 75 is sleeved on the outside of the damper 76. Such a layout not only saves space, but also ensures that the two can work together to achieve a better shock absorbing effect. The shock absorbing spring 75 is mainly responsible for absorbing impact force, while the damper 76 is used to control the speed of vibration and prevent rebound. The shock absorbing plate 77 is located below the shock absorbing spring 75 and the damper 76, and they are fixed together on the shock absorbing plate 77 The shock absorbing plate 77 itself is also movably installed in the shock absorbing box 71, and can float up and down within a certain range, thereby further enhancing the flexibility and responsiveness of the shock absorbing system. A connecting shaft 78 is fixedly installed at the lower end of the shock absorbing plate 77, and the shaft extends downward from the shock absorbing box 71, and a universal wheel 79 is movably installed at its end. The existence of the universal wheel 79 enables the entire walking part to not only withstand the pressure from above, but also move freely in multiple directions, greatly improving the mobility and adaptability of the equipment. Due to the special topography of the mountain, its walking part 7 can flexibly adjust the shock absorbing parameters according to the actual ground conditions, ensuring the smooth travel of the equipment while protecting key components from damage. For flat and hard roads, the threaded rod 73 can be set to a lower position to keep the shock absorbing system in a relatively loose state, reduce unnecessary energy loss and improve efficiency. Specifically, the driving member 8 includes a servo motor 81, a pulley 82, a belt 83 and a gear box 84. The servo motor 81 is fixedly mounted on one side of the housing 1 and the output end of the servo motor 81 is fixedly connected to the crushing roller 31 at one end. The gear box 84 is fixedly mounted on the other side of the housing 1. The pulley 82 and the belt 83 are both located in the gear box 84. The other end of the crushing roller 31 is fixedly connected to the pulley 82 through a rotating shaft, and the pulleys 82 are meshed and connected through the belt 83. When the servo motor 81 is started, the torque it generates is transmitted to the crushing roller 31 on one side by direct connection, causing it to start rotating. At the same time, since the rotating shaft at the other end of the crushing roller 31 is connected to the pulley 82, and the pulleys 82 are meshed with each other through the belt 83, all the pulleys 82 on the entire transmission chain will rotate accordingly, thereby driving all the crushing rollers 31 to rotate synchronously. Specifically, the rotary tillage member 9 includes a fixing frame 91, a rotary tillage shaft 92, a second fixing ring 93 and a rotary tillage blade 94. The fixing frame 91 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the housing 1 by fastening bolts. The fixing frame 91 is mirror-imaged. The rotary tillage shaft 92 is movably mounted between the fixing frames 91. The second fixing ring 93 is linearly arrayed on the rotary tillage shaft 92. The rotary tillage blade 94 is correspondingly arranged to the second fixing ring 93. The rotary tillage blade 94 is circularly arrayed on the outer wall of the second fixing ring 93. When the servo motor 81 is started, the rotary tillage shaft 92 starts to rotate, and then drives the fixed ring 2 93 and the rotary tillage blade 94 fixed thereon to rotate together. As the rotary tillage shaft 92 continues to rotate, the rotary tillage blade 94 continuously cuts into the soil, loosening and mixing the soil layer through cutting, turning and crushing actions; Specifically, the liquid collecting box 11 includes a box body 111, a box cover 112, a partition plate 113, a transparent window 114, a liquid inlet 115 and a liquid outlet 116. The box body 111 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the casing 1, and the box cover 112 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the box body 111 by fastening bolts. The partition plate 113 is arranged in the middle position of the box body 111. The partition plate 113 divides the liquid collecting box 11 into a liquid collecting chamber 1 117 and a liquid collecting chamber 2 118. The liquid collecting chamber 1 117 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118 store water and a decomposing agent respectively. The transparent window 114 is symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the liquid collecting box 11 and corresponds to the liquid collecting chamber 1 117 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118 respectively. The liquid inlet 115 and the liquid outlet 116 are respectively arranged on the transparent window 114; By setting the liquid inlet 115, the required water and decomposing agent can be added to the liquid collecting chamber 1 17 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118 respectively. Due to the existence of the partition plate 113, the two liquids are strictly separated and cross contamination will not occur. The operator can visually check the liquid level changes in the liquid collecting chamber 1 17 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118 through the transparent window 114. If it is found that the liquid in a certain chamber is insufficient, it can be replenished in time through the corresponding liquid inlet 115. The box cover 112 can be opened regularly to check whether there are impurities deposited or other abnormal conditions in the box body 111, and the relevant components can be cleaned to ensure the normal operation of the system; Specifically, the spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 are respectively arranged corresponding to the liquid collecting chamber 1 117 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118, and the spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 have the same structure and similar functions. The spraying member 2 13 includes a delivery pump 131, a delivery pipe 132, a spraying frame 133 and a spraying head 134. The spraying frame 133 is arranged at the upper end of the rotary tillage member 9 through a bracket 14. The spraying frame 133 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118 are connected through a delivery pipe 132. The delivery pipe 132 is provided with the delivery pump 131 and the delivery pump 131 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the liquid collecting box 11. The spraying frame 133 is arranged in a hollow body, and the spraying heads 134 are evenly distributed at the lower end of the spraying frame 133. The spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 are respectively arranged corresponding to the liquid collecting chamber 1 17 and the liquid collecting chamber 2 118, which means that each spraying assembly has its own exclusive liquid source, ensuring that water and decomposing agent will not mix, thereby avoiding possible chemical reactions or material precipitation problems. The delivery pump 131 is the power source of the entire system. It is fixedly installed on the side wall of the liquid collecting box 11 and is responsible for extracting liquid from the corresponding liquid collecting chamber and delivering it to the spraying frame 133 through the delivery pipe 132. The spraying frame 133 is fixed to the upper end of the fixing frame 91 through the bracket 14 and is of a hollow body design. This design not only reduces the weight, but also facilitates the uniform distribution of the internal liquid to each spray head 134; Specifically, the soil compactor 10 includes a flattening roller 101 and a side plate 102. The side plate 102 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the fixing frame 91 by fastening bolts, and the flattening roller 101 is movably mounted between the side plates 102. When the soil pressing member 10 is pushed forward with the whole device, the flattening roller 101 will naturally contact and compact the soil or material below it under the action of gravity, and is used in conjunction with the spraying member 12 and the spraying member 2 13 to improve soil conditions or promote the rapid decomposition of crop residues. The soil pressing member 10 can not only help to distribute moisture and decomposing agents more evenly into the soil, but also accelerate the fusion of these substances with the soil through physical compaction, further improving the effect of returning straw to the field. At the same time, through the loosening bolts, the user can adjust the height or tilt angle of the flattening roller 101 according to specific operating requirements, which helps to optimize the compaction effect, especially when dealing with uneven ground or special terrain. The method for returning corn stalks to the field by a mountain corn stalk returning machine comprises the following steps: S1, preparation: before starting the operation, conduct a comprehensive technical inspection of the equipment, replenish the water and decomposing agent in the liquid collecting tank 11 to ensure that the remaining amount is sufficient, and adjust the walking member 7 according to the operation requirements under the current terrain conditions, and adjust the height or inclination angle of the flattening roller 101; S2, straw crushing: The feeding plate 5 is used to effectively introduce the corn straw into the feed port 4. The feed port 4 is designed to be outward-facing, which helps to introduce materials more smoothly. When the tractor drives the entire device forward, the crushing roller 31 will rotate under the action of the driving member 7, and the cutting system composed of the fixed ring 32 and the crushing knife 33 will tear and chop the corn straw. The fixed rings 32 on adjacent crushing rollers 31 are staggered, which increases the contact opportunity between the material and the crushing knife 33, reduces the possibility of jamming, and ensures a continuous and stable operation process; S3, water supplement: adding a proper amount of water to the straw in the crushing process through the spraying unit 12. This step helps to reduce dust generation and provides a necessary humidity environment for microbial activity, promoting its degradation of complex organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; S4, adding decomposing agent: using the spraying device 13 to spray the decomposing agent after rotary tillage, the decomposing agent is accelerated, the time required for complete decomposition is shortened, and the efficiency of humus formation is improved. The microbial metabolites in the decomposing agent can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the aggregate structure, reduce the bulk density, etc., making the soil more loose and breathable; S5, soil tillage: As the rotary tillage member 9 continues to rotate, the rotary tillage blade 94 continuously cuts into the soil, loosens and mixes the soil layer through cutting, turning and crushing actions, and ensures that the straw fragments can be evenly distributed in the soil. This process helps to improve the soil structure, increase air permeability and water retention capacity, and is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops; S6, soil flattening: the soil compacting member 10 follows the rotary tilling member 9, and naturally contacts and compacts the soil or material below through the flattening roller 101, thereby reducing the surface undulations, promoting close contact between seeds and soil, and improving the germination rate and seedling survival rate.

[0020] Working principle: This application is mainly used in the corn stalks returning operation in mountainous and other undulating terrains. The casing 1 serves as the core frame of the entire equipment, carrying all internal components and protecting them from the external environment. The connector 2 is located on the top of the casing 1, and is used to firmly connect the returning machine to the tractor or other power source, ensuring the stability and synchronization between the two, making the operation safer and more reliable. A crushing chamber is provided inside it as the installation space for the crushing part 3. The main task of the crushing part 3 is to cut and crush the collected corn stalks into smaller fragments for subsequent soil mixing. The feed port 4 and the loading plate 5 are arranged at the front end of the casing 1. The feed port 4 It is arranged in an outward-facing "eight" shape, which can effectively introduce the straw, wherein the loading plate 5 helps guide the straw into the feed port 4, ensuring that the material can be smoothly fed into the crushing device. This design simplifies the operation process and reduces the need for manual intervention. The discharge port 6 is located at the bottom of the casing 1, responsible for discharging the crushed straw and evenly spreading it on the field. An inclined slope is provided above the discharge port 6 to facilitate the discharge of the crushed straw inside and avoid accumulation of materials inside the casing 1. The walking parts 7 are distributed at the four corners of the casing 1, which not only support the weight of the entire machine, but also play a shock-absorbing role when traveling. Considering the special topography of the mountain, the walking parts 7 can have a strong passing performance. , which can overcome the rugged surface. The driving member 8 provides the necessary power support for the crushing member 3. The rotary tillage member 9 is located at the rear end of the casing 1 and is used to deeply plow the land so that the crushed straw can be better integrated into the soil. This process helps to improve the soil structure, increase air permeability and water retention capacity, and thus is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops. The soil pressing member 10 follows the rotary tillage member 9 and flattens the surface of the land that has just been plowed. It can not only reduce the surface undulations, but also promote close contact between seeds and soil, thereby improving the germination rate and the survival rate of seedlings. The liquid collecting box 11, the spraying member 1 12 and the spraying member 2 13 together constitute the liquid management system, which are responsible for supplying liquid to the crushing process. Adding appropriate amount of water to the straw in the tillage and spraying decomposing agents after rotary tillage, the former helps to reduce dust generation and replenish water. Sufficient water can quickly activate microorganisms and accelerate the degradation process of complex organic matter (such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) in the straw, and finally convert these substances into nutrients that are easily absorbed and utilized by plants, especially in mountainous areas prone to soil erosion. The latter accelerates the decomposition rate of straw. Adding decomposing agents can significantly shorten the time required for complete decomposition of straw and improve the efficiency of humus formation. The microbial metabolites in the decomposing agents can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as increasing the aggregate structure, reducing the bulk density, etc., making the soil more loose and breathable.

[0021] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0022] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mountain corn stalk return machine, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The upper end of the casing (1) is provided with a connecting piece (2) for fixedly connecting to a driving end such as a tractor. A crushing piece (3) is provided inside the casing (1) for crushing corn stalks. A feed port (4) is provided at the front end of the casing (1). A loading plate (5) is provided at the front end of the casing (1) and the loading plate (5) is arranged in correspondence with the front side of the feed port (4). A discharge port (6) is provided at the lower end of the casing (1). A walking piece (7) is provided on the side wall of the casing (1) for mountain walking and for shock absorption during walking. The walking piece (7) is rectangular and is arranged at the four corners of the casing (1). The side wall of the casing (1) is provided with A driving member (8) is provided, the driving member (8) serving as a driving source for the crushing member (3); a rotary tillage member (9) is provided at the rear end of the housing (1); the rotary tillage member (9) performs a rotary tillage operation on the land; a soil pressing member (10) is provided at the rear side of the rotary tillage member (9) for flattening the land after rotary tillage; a liquid collecting box (11) is provided at the upper end of the housing (1); a spraying member 1 (12) and a spraying member 2 (13) are respectively connected to the liquid collecting box (11); the spraying member 1 (12) and the spraying member 2 (13) are respectively arranged above the crushing member (3) and the rotary tillage member (9) for respectively performing a water spraying operation and a decomposing agent spraying operation on the straw.

2. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member (2) comprises a connecting seat (21), a connecting rib (22) and a reinforcing rib (23); the connecting seat (21) is arranged at the front end of the housing (1) and above the loading plate (5); the connecting seat (21) and the housing (1) are fixedly connected via the connecting rib (22) and the reinforcing rib (23); the reinforcing rib (23) is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the connecting rib (22).

3. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing element (3) comprises a crushing roller (31), a fixing ring (32) and a crushing knife (33); the crushing roller (31) is symmetrically arranged in the housing (1); the fixing ring (32) is arranged on the crushing roller (31) in a linear array; the fixing rings (32) on adjacent crushing rollers (31) are arranged in a staggered manner; the crushing knife (33) and the fixing ring (32) are arranged correspondingly; and the crushing knife (33) is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing ring (32) in a circular array.

4. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The walking member (7) comprises a shock absorbing box (71), a fixing plate (72), a threaded rod (73), a rotary handle (74), a shock absorbing spring (75), a damper (76), a shock absorbing plate (77), a connecting shaft (78) and a universal wheel (79); the shock absorbing box (71) is fixedly mounted on a side wall of the housing (1); the fixing plate (72) is movably mounted in the shock absorbing box (71); the threaded rod (73) is movably mounted on the upper end of the fixing plate (72); the threaded rod (73) is threadedly connected in the shock absorbing box (71) and the rotary handle is symmetrically fixedly mounted on the end thereof. (74), the shock absorbing spring (75) and the damper (76) are respectively arranged at the lower end of the fixing plate (72), the shock absorbing spring (75) is sleeved on the outside of the damper (76), the shock absorbing plate (77) is fixedly mounted on the lower ends of the shock absorbing spring (75) and the damper (76), the shock absorbing plate (77) is movably mounted in the shock absorbing box (71), the connecting shaft (78) is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the shock absorbing plate (77), the lower end of the connecting shaft (78) extends out of the shock absorbing box (71) and is movably mounted with the universal wheel (79).

5. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving member (8) comprises a servo motor (81), a pulley (82), a belt (83) and a gear box (84); the servo motor (81) is fixedly mounted on one side of the housing (1) and an output end of the servo motor (81) is fixedly connected to the crushing roller (31) at one end; the gear box (84) is fixedly mounted on the other side of the housing (1); the pulley (82) and the belt (83) are both located in the gear box (84); the other end of the crushing roller (31) is fixedly connected to the pulley (82) via a rotating shaft; and the pulleys (82) are meshedly connected via the belt (83).

6. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tilling member (9) comprises a fixing frame (91), a rotary tilling shaft (92), a second fixing ring (93) and a rotary tilling blade (94); the fixing frame (91) is fixedly mounted on a side wall of the housing (1) by means of fastening bolts; the fixing frame (91) is arranged in a mirror image; the rotary tilling shaft (92) is movably mounted between the fixing frames (91); the second fixing ring (93) is arranged on the rotary tilling shaft (92) in a linear array; the rotary tilling blade (94) and the second fixing ring (93) are arranged correspondingly; and the rotary tilling blade (94) is arranged on an outer wall of the second fixing ring (93) in a circular array.

7. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid collecting box (11) comprises a box body (111), a box cover (112), a partition plate (113), a transparent window (114), a liquid inlet (115) and a liquid outlet (116); the box body (111) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the housing (1); the box cover (112) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the box body (111) by means of fastening bolts; the partition plate (113) is arranged in the middle of the box body (111); the partition plate (113) separates the liquid The liquid collecting box (11) is divided into a liquid collecting chamber 1 (117) and a liquid collecting chamber 2 (118), wherein the liquid collecting chamber 1 (117) and the liquid collecting chamber 2 (118) store water and a decomposing agent respectively; the transparent window (114) is symmetrically arranged on a side wall of the liquid collecting box (11) and corresponds to the liquid collecting chamber 1 (117) and the liquid collecting chamber 2 (118) respectively; the liquid inlet (115) and the liquid outlet (116) are respectively arranged on the transparent window (114).

8. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spraying member 1 (12) and the spraying member 2 (13) are respectively arranged corresponding to the liquid collecting chamber 1 (117) and the liquid collecting chamber 2 (118); the spraying member 1 (12) and the spraying member 2 (13) have the same structure and similar functions; the spraying member 2 (13) comprises a delivery pump (131), a delivery pipe (132), a spraying frame (133) and a spraying head (134); the spraying frame (133) is arranged at the upper end of the rotary tillage member (9) through a bracket (14); the spraying frame (133) and the liquid collecting chamber 2 (118) are connected through a delivery pipe (132); the delivery pipe (132) is provided with the delivery pump (131) and the delivery pump (131) is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the liquid collecting box (11); the spraying frame (133) is arranged in a hollow body; and the spraying heads (134) are evenly distributed at the lower end of the spraying frame (133).

9. The mountain corn stalk return machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The soil compacting member (10) comprises a flattening roller (101) and a side plate (102); the side plate (102) is fixedly mounted on the outside of the fixing frame (91) by means of fastening bolts; and the flattening roller (101) is movably mounted between the side plates (102).

10. The method for returning corn stalks to fields by a corn stalk returner in mountainous areas according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, preparation work: before starting the operation, a comprehensive technical inspection of the equipment is carried out, the water and decomposing agent in the liquid collecting tank (11) are replenished to ensure that the remaining amount is sufficient, and the walking member (7) is adjusted according to the operation requirements under the current terrain conditions, and the height or tilt angle of the flattening roller 101 is adjusted; S2, straw crushing: corn straw is effectively introduced into the feed port (4) by using the feeding plate (5). The feed port (4) is designed in an outward-facing "eight" shape, which helps to introduce materials more smoothly. When the tractor drives the entire device forward, the crushing roller (31) rotates under the action of the driving member (7), and the cutting system composed of the fixed ring (32) and the crushing knife (33) is used to tear and shred the corn straw. The fixed rings (32) on adjacent crushing rollers (31) are staggered, which increases the contact opportunity between the material and the crushing knife (33), reduces the possibility of jamming, and ensures a continuous and stable operation process; S3, water supplement: adding an appropriate amount of water to the straw during the crushing process through the spraying unit 1 (12). This step helps to reduce dust generation and provides the necessary humidity environment for microbial activity, thereby promoting its degradation of complex organic matter (such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin); S4, adding decomposing agent: using spraying device 2 (13) to spray decomposing agent after rotary tillage, the decomposing agent is accelerated, the time required for complete decomposition is shortened, and the efficiency of humus formation is improved. The microbial metabolites in the decomposing agent can also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase the aggregate structure, reduce the bulk density, etc., making the soil more loose and breathable; S5, soil tillage: as the rotary tillage member (9) continues to rotate, the rotary tillage blade (94) continuously cuts into the soil, loosens and mixes the soil layer through cutting, turning and crushing actions, and ensures that the straw fragments can be evenly distributed in the soil. This process helps to improve the soil structure, increase air permeability and water retention capacity, and is conducive to the growth of the next round of crops; S6, soil flattening: the soil compacting member (10) follows the rotary tilling member (9) and naturally contacts and compacts the soil or material below through the flattening roller (101), thereby reducing the undulation of the ground surface, promoting close contact between the seeds and the soil, and improving the germination rate and the survival rate of the seedlings.

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