Cultivation management method for reducing fruit cracking rate of litchis

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation management method for reducing the fruit cracking rate of litchis, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation. According to the litchi cultivation management method provided by the invention, through the measures of pruning, girdling, fertilizer and water management, pest and disease damage management and the like, wounds caused by diseases and pests on fruits are reduced, sudden and violent growth of the fruits is prevented, and the effect of reducing the fruit cracking rate is achieved. By utilizing the method disclosed by the invention, the fruit cracking rate of the glutinous rice cake with the fruit cracking rate up to 20-70% can be reduced to 15-21%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular relates to a cultivation management method for reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate. Background Art

[0002] Litchi is a famous Lingnan fruit, but it often cracks during the planting process, causing economic losses to fruit farmers. Litchi cracking is essentially a physiological disorder during fruit development. When the peel is injured or the flesh grows rapidly, the squeezing force of the flesh exceeds the strain of the peel, which will cause fruit cracking.

[0003] 'Numici' is an excellent lychee variety widely planted in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong. However, this variety has an obvious defect: the fruit will crack when it is close to maturity in June every year. In general years, the cracking rate is 20% to 40%. In severe cases, the cracking rate can be as high as 50% to 70%, causing great economic losses to growers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a cultivation and management method for reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate, which significantly reduces the litchi fruit cracking rate.

[0005] The present invention provides a litchi cultivation and management method, comprising the following steps: (1) applying post-fruit fertilizer within two weeks after the litchis are harvested to promote the growth of new shoots; and performing pruning and shaping two weeks after the harvest to ensure that the orchard and the trees are ventilated and light-permeable;

[0006] (2) After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, pest and disease control should be carried out, and strong fertilizer should be applied to promote the healthy growth of new shoots;

[0007] (3) In early September, pest and disease control should be carried out after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed to control the second batch of autumn shoots to mature in mid- to late November;

[0008] (4) After the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, ring cutting is performed to control the shoots, and flower bud differentiation is promoted during the dormant period of litchi trees;

[0009] (5) Combine flower-promoting fertilizer and irrigation in February of the following year to ensure inflorescence differentiation;

[0010] (6) From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, weed management, pest control and fertilization are carried out in the orchard;

[0011] (7) In mid-May, during the period from fruit filling to maturity, strictly control the water content, perform light ring cutting on the trees before heavy rains, and cover the tree base with film.

[0012] Preferably, the post-fruiting fertilizer in step (1) is calculated based on the yield of each tree, with 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of quicklime applied for every 50 kg of yield.

[0013] Preferably, the branch-strengthening fertilizer in step (2) comprises decomposed peanut bran, and 5 to 10 kg of the branch-strengthening fertilizer is applied to each tree.

[0014] Preferably, step (3) further comprises fertilizing before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout in early September to promote the healthy growth of new shoots;

[0015] The fertilization is calculated based on the yield, and each tree is applied with 2-3kg of compound fertilizer, 1-1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.1-0.2kg of borax for every 50kg of yield.

[0016] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer in step (3) comprises 0.2-0.3% (mass volume ratio g / 100 mL) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution;

[0017] The foliar fertilizer is sprayed 1 to 3 times.

[0018] Preferably, step (3) also includes pest and disease control, orchard grass management and irrigation during the period from the germination to maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots.

[0019] Preferably, the flower-promoting fertilizer in step (5) is applied according to the yield, and each tree is applied with 1-2 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 kg of decomposed peanut bran and 3-5 kg ​​of quicklime powder for every 50 kg of yield.

[0020] Preferably, in step (6), foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days after the flowers have faded, for 3 times; and potassium sulfate is topdressed 30 days after the flowers have faded;

[0021] The foliage fertilizer includes a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer and fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer;

[0022] The topdressing amount of potassium sulfate is 1 to 2 kg per tree.

[0023] Preferably, the pest control in step (2), step (3) and step (6) comprises applying one fungicide and two insecticides each time;

[0024] The bactericide is selected from any one of the following: the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb manganese, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, diquat, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin;

[0025] The insecticide is selected from any two of the following: the insecticide is imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, avermectin, chlorantraniliprole, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin.

[0026] The present invention provides application of the litchi cultivation and management method in reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a litchi cultivation and management method, which reduces the formation of wounds on fruits caused by pests and diseases, prevents sudden rapid growth of fruits, and achieves the effect of reducing the fruit cracking rate through measures such as pruning, ring cutting, fertilizer and water management, and pest and disease management.

[0028] The method applies fertilizer within 2 weeks after the lychee picking is finished, so that the tree body can quickly recover the tree vigor and have better shoot growth ability; two weeks after the picking is finished, the tree body is pruned and shaped to ensure that the orchard and the tree body are ventilated and light-permeable, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, facilitate the good development of fruits in the later period, and reduce the occurrence of fruit drop and cracking; after the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, the disease and insect pests are timely prevented and controlled, and fertilizer is applied to provide sufficient nutrients for the new shoots to promote the healthy growth of the new shoots; fertilizer is applied before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout in early September to promote the healthy growth of the new shoots, and during the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, the mature time of the second batch of autumn shoots is controlled to mid-to-late November; during the period from the sprouting to the mature period of the second batch of autumn shoots, the disease and insect pests of the tender shoots and the grass management of the orchard are well done. , to ensure the healthy growth of the second batch of autumn shoots; around mid-November, after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, timely ring cutting and shoot control are carried out to reserve nutrients for the flowering period; from late November to late January, during the dormant period of litchi trees, weeding, loosening and garden cleaning are carried out in the whole garden, and irrigation is stopped to gradually reduce soil moisture content and promote flower bud differentiation; in February, fertilization and appropriate irrigation are carried out from the white spot stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike to ensure the water demand for inflorescence differentiation and flowering; from the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, the fruit is reduced from being damaged by diseases and insect pests to form wounds and induce fruit cracking; foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 15 days after the flowers fade; in mid-May, during the fruit filling period to the ripening period, water is strictly controlled to prevent excessive water absorption by the root system of the plant in the rainy season and excessive expansion of the flesh, resulting in serious fruit cracking. Using the method described in the present invention, the fruit cracking rate of 'Nuomici', which is as high as 20% to 70%, can be reduced to 15% to 21%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides a litchi cultivation and management method, comprising the following steps: (1) applying post-fruit fertilizer within two weeks after the litchis are harvested to promote the growth of new shoots; and performing pruning and shaping two weeks after the harvest to ensure that the orchard and the trees are ventilated and light-permeable;

[0030] (2) After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, pest and disease control should be carried out, and strong fertilizer should be applied to promote the healthy growth of new shoots;

[0031] (3) In early September, pest and disease control should be carried out after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed to control the second batch of autumn shoots to mature in mid- to late November;

[0032] (4) After the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, ring cutting is performed to control the shoots, and flower bud differentiation is promoted during the dormant period of litchi trees;

[0033] (5) Combine flower-promoting fertilizer and irrigation in February of the following year to ensure inflorescence differentiation;

[0034] (6) From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, weed management, pest control and fertilization are carried out in the orchard;

[0035] (7) In mid-May, during the period from fruit filling to maturity, strictly control the water content, perform light ring cutting on the trees before heavy rains, and cover the tree base with film.

[0036] The present invention applies post-fruit fertilizer within two weeks after the litchi harvesting of the year to promote new shoots; pruning and shaping are carried out two weeks after the fruit harvesting to ensure ventilation and light transmission of the orchard and the tree. The present invention preferably applies the post-fruit fertilizer within 2 weeks after the litchi harvesting is completed. The post-fruit fertilizer is calculated based on the yield of each tree. For every 50kg of yield, preferably 1-2kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-1kg of quicklime are applied. The method for applying the post-fruit fertilizer of the present invention preferably includes applying compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a ditch manner near the drip line of the tree crown, and spreading quicklime in the tree tray, so that the tree body can quickly recover the tree vigor and have better shoot growth ability.

[0037] The present invention starts pruning the tree two weeks after the fruit picking is finished, ensuring ventilation and light transmission of the orchard and the tree, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases, facilitating good fruit development in the later stage, and reducing the occurrence of fruit drop and cracking. The pruning of the present invention is preferably carried out with reference to Chinese patent CN201811378128.6 (a litchi high crown open heart-shaped crown and its cultivation method).

[0038] The present invention performs pest control after the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, and applies branch-strengthening fertilizer to promote the healthy growth of new shoots. The present invention preferably performs pest control in time after the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, and applies branch-strengthening fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for the new shoots and promote the healthy growth of the new shoots. The pest control of the present invention preferably includes applying one fungicide and two insecticides; the fungicide is selected from any one of the following: the fungicide is thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb manganese, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and trifloxystrobin; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: the insecticide is imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, avermectin, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. In the present invention, when pest control is carried out, the same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0039] The branch strengthening fertilizer of the present invention is preferably applied by strip ditch fertilization method, and decomposed peanut bran is applied at the drip line of the tree crown, and 5 to 10 kg of decomposed peanut bran is applied to each tree.

[0040] The present invention carries out pest control in early September after the second batch of autumn shoots germinate, and sprays foliar fertilizer to control the second batch of autumn shoots to mature in mid- to late November. The present invention preferably also includes fertilizing in early September before and after the second batch of autumn shoots germinate to promote the healthy growth of new shoots; the fertilization is preferably applied in the form of furrow fertilization near the drip line of the crown, and the fertilization is calculated based on the yield, and each tree is applied with 2 to 3 kg of compound fertilizer, 1 to 1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate and 0.1 to 0.2 kg of borax per 50 kg of yield. The present invention preferably sprays 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 3 times in a timely manner during the growth of the second batch of autumn shoots, and controls the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots to mid- to late November.

[0041] The present invention also carries out pest and disease control of tender shoots and grass management of orchards during the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, maintains a relatively stable soil environment, and performs irrigation in combination with weather conditions to ensure the healthy growth of the second batch of autumn shoots (i.e., fruit-bearing autumn shoots).

[0042] The present invention performs ring cutting to control shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, and promotes flower bud differentiation during the dormant period of litchi trees. The present invention preferably performs ring cutting to control shoots in time around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, to temporarily block the downward channel of organic matter produced by the leaves, improve the nutritional level above the ring cutting mouth, and reserve nutrients for the flowering period. The ring cutting described in the present invention is a spiral ring cutting, 1.5 turns, a pitch of 4 to 6 cm, a depth just reaching the wood, and the ring cutting position is within 1m of the base of the main branch.

[0043] In the present invention, late November to late January is the dormant period of litchi trees. During the dormant period, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning can be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation is stopped to gradually reduce soil moisture content. The soil moisture content can be reduced to 15% at the lowest to promote flower bud differentiation. If winter shoots appear during this period, secondary ring cutting can be carried out to control the shoots.

[0044] The present invention combines the application of flower-promoting fertilizer and irrigation in February of the following year to ensure inflorescence differentiation. The flower-promoting fertilizer of the present invention is preferably applied from the white spot stage of the flower spike to before the heading stage of the flower spike, and the application method preferably includes a radial fertilization method. When applying, compost is applied within the tree tray, quicklime is sprinkled on the tree tray surface, and water is appropriately irrigated according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 40% to 80% to ensure the water requirements for inflorescence differentiation and flowering. When applying the flower-promoting fertilizer of the present invention, it is preferred that 1 to 2 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5 to 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 5 to 10 kg of composted peanut bran are applied per 50 kg of output per tree, and 3 to 5 kg of quicklime powder is sprinkled.

[0045] The invention performs orchard grass management, pest control and fertilization during the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June. The invention performs orchard grass management during the fruit ripening period to maintain a relatively stable microclimate environment of the soil and avoid the water content of the tree body fluctuating. During the period from flowering to fruiting, pest control is performed once a week throughout the orchard to reduce the formation of wounds on the fruit caused by pests and diseases and induce fruit cracking.

[0046] The present invention preferably sprays foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th days after flowering), wherein the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the foliar fertilizer is preferably 0.2% to 0.3%, and the concentrations of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer and fruit brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer are both 0.1% to 0.15%. The present invention preferably applies potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering (grain filling period), and applies 1 to 2 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0047] The present invention strictly controls the water content in mid-May, from the fruit filling stage to the ripening stage, performs light ring cutting on the tree body before the heavy rain falls, and covers the tree tray with a film. During this period, the present invention strictly controls the water content, does a good job of drainage and flood control in the orchard, performs light ring cutting on the tree body 1 to 2 days in advance before the heavy rain falls (the width of the cut is less than 1 mm), arranges the soil under the tree tray into a turtle back shape, and then covers a layer of transparent plastic film to prevent the plant root system from absorbing too much water and the flesh from expanding too fast in the rainy season, causing serious fruit cracking. The thickness of the plastic film covered on the tree tray of the present invention is preferably 8 filaments or 10 filaments. If it is too thin, it is easy to break and cannot prevent rainwater, and if it is too thick, the light transmittance is poor and affects the growth of weeds under the tree.

[0048] The present invention provides application of the litchi cultivation and management method in reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate.

[0049] The present invention allows ventilation and light transmission of the tree body through pruning, which is convenient for spraying pesticides. Combined with disease and insect pest control measures, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests can be reduced, and the formation of wounds on fruits caused by diseases and insects can be reduced, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the fruit cracking rate; measures such as fruit ring cutting and fertilizer and water management during the fruit period can inhibit the fruit from absorbing too much water and fertilizer, prevent the fruit from cracking due to sudden rapid growth, and achieve the effect of reducing the fruit cracking rate.

[0050] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a cultivation and management method for reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The compound fertilizer referred to in the present invention is a 15-15-15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0052] The fruit cracking rate referred to in the present invention is the ratio of the total number of cracked fruits to the total number of fruits on the investigated fruit branches: fruit cracking rate (%) = total number of cracked fruits / total number of investigated fruits × 100. The so-called cracked fruits are litchi fruits with a part of the peel cracked.

[0053] In the examples of the present invention, 'Numici' was selected as the experimental tree species.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] After the lychee harvest is over, apply post-fruit fertilizer within 3 to 5 days: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 1kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0056] Two weeks after fruit picking, tree pruning and shaping begin.

[0057] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray thiophanate-methyl, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in time to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Use the strip ditch fertilization method to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 10kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0058] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.1kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed once in due time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0059] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray mancozeb manganese, diflubenzuron and chlorpyrifos in time. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0060] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0061] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0062] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the stage before the flower spike is pulled out, compost is applied in the tree circle by radial fertilization, quicklime is spread on the tree circle, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 40% to 60%. For each tree, 1kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 5kg of composted peanut bran and 3kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0063] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers wither and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should carry out pest and disease control in the whole orchard once a week. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, mefenamic acid, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, avermectin, chlorfenapyr, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0064] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). In the foliar fertilizer, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2%, and the concentrations of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer and fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer are both 0.1%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 1 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0065] In mid-May, do a good job of draining and eliminating waterlogging in the orchard. Perform a light ring cut on the trees (the width of the cut should be less than 1mm) one day before the heavy rain. Arrange the soil under the tree into a turtle back shape and cover it with a layer of transparent plastic film with a thickness of 8 fibers.

[0066] The fruit cracking rate of litchi was counted in the mid-to-late June during the ripening period, and the rate was 18%.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] After the lychee harvest is over, apply post-fruit fertilizer within 7 to 14 days: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0069] Two weeks after fruit picking, tree pruning and shaping begin.

[0070] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray mancozeb, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in time. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Pest and disease control is done well. Strip ditch fertilization method is used to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 5kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0071] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 3kg of compound fertilizer, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.2kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed three times at the right time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0072] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray carbendazim, avermectin and chlorantraniliprole in time. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0073] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0074] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0075] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike, compost is applied in the tree circle by radial fertilization, quicklime is spread on the tree circle, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 40% to 80%. For each tree, 2kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg of composted peanut bran and 5kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0076] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers wither and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should carry out pest and disease control in the whole orchard once a week. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: methyl thiophanate, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0077] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the foliar fertilizer is 0.3%, the concentration of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer is 0.1%, and the concentration of fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 0.15%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 2 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0078] In mid-May, do a good job of draining and eliminating waterlogging in the orchard. Perform light ring cutting on the trees (the width of the cut should be less than 1mm) 1 to 2 days before the heavy rain. Arrange the soil under the tree into a turtle back shape and cover it with a layer of transparent plastic film with a thickness of 10 fibers.

[0079] During the ripening period, the litchi fruits were counted and the fruit cracking rate was 15%.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] After the lychee harvest is over, apply post-fruit fertilizer within 5 to 10 days: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0082] Two weeks after fruit picking, tree pruning and shaping begin.

[0083] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and bifenthrin in time. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Pest and disease control is done well. Strip ditch fertilization method is used to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 5kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0084] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprouted, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.1kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed three times at the right time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0085] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray pyraclostrobin, imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr in a timely manner. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0086] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0087] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0088] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike, compost is applied in the tree circle by radial fertilization, quicklime is spread on the tree circle, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 50% to 80%. For each tree, 1kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8kg of composted peanut bran and 3kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0089] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers wither and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should carry out pest and disease control in the whole orchard once a week. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: methyl thiophanate, mancozeb manganese, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiocarb; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, avermectin, highly effective cypermethrin, highly effective chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0090] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the foliar fertilizer is 0.2%, the concentration of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer is 0.15%, and the concentration of fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 1 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0091] In mid-May, do a good job of draining and eliminating waterlogging in the orchard. Perform light ring cutting on the trees (the width of the cut should be less than 1mm) 1 to 2 days before the heavy rain. Arrange the soil under the tree into a turtle back shape and cover it with a layer of transparent plastic film with a thickness of 10 fibers.

[0092] According to statistics, the fruit cracking rate is 21%.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] Pruning and shaping of the trees begins immediately after fruit picking.

[0095] Apply post-fruit fertilizer one month after litchi harvesting: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 1kg of compound fertilizer and 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0096] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray thiophanate-methyl, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in time. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Pest and disease control is done well. Strip fertilization method is used to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 10kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0097] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.1kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed once in due time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0098] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray mancozeb manganese, diflubenzuron and chlorpyrifos in time. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0099] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0100] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0101] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike, compost is applied within the tree circle using the strip ditch fertilization method, quicklime is spread on the tree circle surface, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 40% to 60%. For each tree, 1kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 5kg of composted peanut bran, and 3kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0102] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers fade and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should do a good job of pest and disease control in the whole orchard for one week. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: methyl thiophanate, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, diquat, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, avermectin, chlorfenapyr, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0103] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). In the foliar fertilizer, the concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.2%, and the concentrations of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer and fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer are both 0.1%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 1 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0104] In mid-May, ensure drainage and waterlogging prevention in the orchard, and lightly ring-cut the trees (with a cut width of less than 1 mm) one day before heavy rains.

[0105] According to statistics, the fruit cracking rate is 33%.

[0106] Comparative Example 2

[0107] After the lychee harvest is over, apply post-fruit fertilizer within 7 to 14 days: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0108] Two weeks after fruit picking, tree pruning and shaping begin.

[0109] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray mancozeb, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos in time. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Pest and disease control is done well. Strip ditch fertilization method is used to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 5kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0110] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 3kg of compound fertilizer, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.2kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed three times at the right time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0111] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray carbendazim, avermectin and chlorantraniliprole in time. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0112] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0113] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0114] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike, compost is applied within the tree circle using the strip ditch fertilization method, quicklime is spread on the tree circle surface, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 40% to 80%. For each tree, 2kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10kg of composted peanut bran, and 5kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0115] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers fade and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should carry out pest and disease control in the whole orchard every two weeks. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: thiophanate-methyl, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, dimethomorph, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0116] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the foliar fertilizer is 0.3%, the concentration of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer is 0.1%, and the concentration of fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 0.15%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 2 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0117] In mid-May, complete the drainage and waterlogging work in the orchard. Before the heavy rain comes, the soil under the tree tray should be arranged into a turtle back shape and then covered with a layer of transparent plastic film with a thickness of 10 fibers.

[0118] According to statistics, the fruit cracking rate is 35%.

[0119] Comparative Example 3

[0120] Pruning and shaping of the trees begins immediately after fruit picking.

[0121] After the lychee harvest is over, apply post-fruit fertilizer within 5 to 10 days: use the trench application method near the drip line of the tree crown, apply 2kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for every 50kg yield per tree, and spread 0.5kg of quicklime in the tree tray.

[0122] After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, spray chlorothalonil, trichlorfon and bifenthrin in time. The dosage of each drug is based on the product instructions. Pest and disease control is done well. Strip ditch fertilization method is used to apply decomposed peanut bran at the drip line of the tree crown. Apply 5kg of decomposed peanut bran to each tree.

[0123] In early September, before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprouted, fertilizers were applied in the trench near the drip line of the tree crown. 2kg of compound fertilizer, 1.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and 0.1kg of borax were applied for every 50kg of yield per tree. During the growth period of the second batch of autumn shoots, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed three times at the right time to control the maturity time of the second batch of autumn shoots in mid-to-late November.

[0124] During the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, spray pyraclostrobin, imidacloprid and chlorfenapyr in a timely manner. The dosage of each drug should refer to the product instructions, and good disease and pest control of young shoots, grass management and irrigation in the orchard should be carried out.

[0125] Around mid-November, depending on the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots, ring cutting should be carried out in time to control the shoots after the second batch of autumn shoots turn green.

[0126] During the dormant period of litchi trees from late November to late January, weeding, soil loosening and garden cleaning work should be carried out throughout the garden, and irrigation should be stopped to gradually reduce the soil moisture content.

[0127] In February, from the white point stage of the flower spike to the head stage of the flower spike, compost is applied in the tree circle by radial fertilization, quicklime is spread on the tree circle, and water is irrigated appropriately according to the soil moisture content to maintain the soil moisture content at 50% to 80%. For each tree, 1kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 8kg of composted peanut bran and 3kg of quicklime powder are applied for every 50kg of yield.

[0128] From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, we should do a good job of grass management in the orchard. From the time when flowers wither and fruits set to the time when fruits ripen, we should carry out pest and disease control in the whole orchard every two weeks. Apply one fungicide and two insecticides each time, and refer to the product instructions for the dosage of each drug. The fungicide is selected from any one of the following: methyl thiophanate, mancozeb manganese, chlorothalonil, dimethoate, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiocarb; the insecticide is selected from any two of the following: chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, avermectin, highly effective cypermethrin, highly effective chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin. The same drug cannot be used continuously and should be used in rotation.

[0129] Spray foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after flowering (around the 15th, 30th and 45th day after flowering). The concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the foliar fertilizer is 0.2%, the concentration of calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer is 0.15%, and the concentration of fruit-brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer is 0.1%. Apply potassium sulfate in time 30 days after flowering, and apply 1 kg of potassium sulfate per tree.

[0130] In mid-May, ensure drainage and waterlogging prevention in the orchard, and lightly ring-cut the trees (with a cut width less than 1 mm) 1 to 2 days before heavy rains.

[0131] According to statistics, the fruit cracking rate is 46%.

[0132] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A litchi cultivation and management method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Apply fertilizer within two weeks after picking the litchis to promote new shoots; prune the trees two weeks after picking to ensure that the orchard and trees are well ventilated and light-permeable; (2) After the first batch of autumn shoots sprout in late July, pest and disease control should be carried out, and strong fertilizer should be applied to promote the healthy growth of new shoots; (3) In early September, pest and disease control should be carried out after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed to control the second batch of autumn shoots to mature in mid- to late November; (4) After the second batch of autumn shoots turn green, ring cutting is performed to control the shoots, and flower bud differentiation is promoted during the dormant period of litchi trees; (5) Combine flower-promoting fertilizer and irrigation in February of the following year to ensure inflorescence differentiation; (6) From the flowering period in March to the fruit ripening period in June, weed management, pest control and fertilization are carried out in the orchard; (7) In mid-May, during the period from fruit filling to maturity, strictly control water supply, ring-cut the trees before heavy rains, and cover the tree trunks with plastic film.

2. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-fruiting fertilizer in step (1) is calculated based on the yield of each tree, with 1-2 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5-1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of quicklime applied for every 50 kg of yield.

3. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The branch-strengthening fertilizer in step (2) comprises decomposed peanut bran, and 5 to 10 kg of the branch-strengthening fertilizer is applied to each tree.

4. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) also includes applying fertilizer to promote the healthy growth of new shoots before and after the second batch of autumn shoots sprout in early September; The fertilization is calculated based on the yield, and each tree is applied with 2-3 kg of compound fertilizer, 1-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.1-0.2 kg of borax for every 50 kg of yield.

5. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer in step (3) comprises 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution; The foliar fertilizer is sprayed 1 to 3 times.

6. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) also includes carrying out pest and disease control, orchard grass management and irrigation during the period from the germination to the maturity of the second batch of autumn shoots.

7. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flower-promoting fertilizer in step (5) is applied according to the yield. For every 50kg yield, 1-2kg of potassium sulfate, 0.5-1kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10kg of decomposed peanut bran and 3-5kg of quicklime powder are applied to each tree.

8. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (6) spraying foliar fertilizer once every 15 days after the flowers have faded, for 3 times; and applying potassium sulfate 30 days after the flowers have faded; The foliage fertilizer includes a mixed aqueous solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium zinc fertilizer and fruit brightening trace element water-soluble fertilizer; The amount of potassium sulfate applied is 1 to 2 kg per tree.

9. The litchi cultivation and management method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pest control in step (2), step (3) and step (6) comprises applying one fungicide and two insecticides each time; The bactericide is selected from any one of the following: the bactericide is thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb manganese, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, diquat, metalaxyl, propineb, pyraclostrobin, thiram and oxathiapiprolin; The insecticide is selected from any two of the following: the insecticide is imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, diflubenzuron, avermectin, chlorantraniliprole, high-efficiency cypermethrin, high-efficiency chlorflucythrinate, deltamethrin, lufenuron, malathion, phoxim, triazophos, trichlorfon and bifenthrin.

10. Use of the litchi cultivation and management method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in reducing the litchi fruit cracking rate.