South Xinjiang hybrid mulberry mechanical sowing and seedling raising method

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanical sowing and seedling raising method for hybrid mulberries in southern Xinjiang, which comprises the following steps of: mechanically sowing the hybrid mulberries by using a semi-precision hole tray type sowing machine from the first ten days of May to the first ten days of July, and completing film mulching, sowing and drip irrigation tape laying at one time. According to the method, a water and fertilizer integrated management mode is adopted for mechanical seeding, only about 300 m < 3 > / 667 m < 2 > of irrigation is needed in the whole seedling raising period, water can be saved by 25% compared with manual seeding, the operation efficiency is improved, the labor intensity is reduced, the emergence rate and the seedling rate are greatly increased, and the method has very important significance on large-scale and intensive production of hybrid mulberry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid mulberry sowing and seedling raising, and in particular relates to a mechanical sowing and seedling raising method for hybrid mulberry in southern Xinjiang. Background Art

[0002] Hybrid mulberry is a hybrid mulberry tree that is cultivated directly from seedlings bred from hybrid seeds, by hybridizing two mulberry varieties (or types) with different genetic bases based on the theory of hybrid vigor. In order to maintain stable traits, traditional mulberry varieties usually adopt asexual breeding methods such as cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture. Compared with traditional mulberry varieties, hybrid mulberry breeding has the advantages of fast speed, low cost, and high efficiency. In addition, hybrid mulberry has strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, vigorous growth, tolerance to pruning, good yield, and high crude protein content, which are suitable for large-scale, intensive, and mechanized production management. In the southern Xinjiang region, at a planting density of 6,000 plants / 667m 2 Under these conditions, three harvests can be achieved throughout the year, and the weight of fresh branches and leaves can reach 4.5t / 667m 2 Hybrid mulberry is not only a feed for silkworms, but also an excellent source of animal nutrition and a major source of functional feed. It is widely used in the breeding of cattle, sheep, chickens, pigs, fish, etc.

[0003] The traditional manual sowing of hybrid mulberry requires 2 people to make ridges, 1 person to dig furrows, 1 person to plant seeds, and 1 person to cover the soil. 5 people work together to sow a maximum of 5 mu per day. Under the condition of 0.5 kg / mu of sowing amount, the number of seedlings sown manually is about 30,000. In recent years, with the development of artificial feed breeding and factory-based silkworm breeding technology, it is urgent to establish a mulberry production model that adapts to large-scale and intensive production. The herbaceous planting of hybrid mulberry is an effective way to achieve this goal. At present, the planting area of ​​hybrid mulberry in Xinjiang is 41,900 mu, mainly concentrated in Hotan, Kashgar, Aksu, Shihezi, Tacheng and other places. Problems such as difficulty in germination, difficulty in seedling protection, and low degree of mechanization have always been technical difficulties that plague Xinjiang's hybrid mulberry seedling breeding. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanical sowing and seedling raising method for hybrid mulberry in southern Xinjiang in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, which can complete film laying, sowing and drip irrigation tape laying in one go, thereby improving operation efficiency and reducing labor intensity.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A method for mechanical sowing and raising seedlings of hybrid mulberry in southern Xinjiang, wherein the sowing time is from early May to early July, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Preparation before sowing

[0008] The land is leveled, gridded, irrigated to store moisture, and then base fertilizer is applied. The land is plowed and a compactor and soil crusher are used to level the land once and compact it twice. After the first compaction, herbicides are sprayed and then compacted for the second time.

[0009] S2. Seeding

[0010] Hybrid mulberry seeds should be exposed to the sun for 6 to 8 hours, then soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and then spread out to dry for 8 hours. When the seeds are loose and not sticky, they can be sown.

[0011] A semi-precision tray seeder was used for sowing, which completed sowing, film covering, and drip irrigation tape laying at one time. The row spacing was 14.4 cm, the plant spacing was 6 cm, the sowing depth was 2 cm, and the seed holes were not covered with soil. The amount of hybrid mulberry seeds used was 0.5 kg / 667 m 2 ~0.8kg / 667m 2 , lay patch-type drip irrigation tape, with a dripper spacing of 20cm;

[0012] S3. Seedling Management

[0013] S301, Management during the Seedling Stage

[0014] The seeds begin to turn white within 5-7 days after sowing, and the seedlings emerge gradually from 7-10 days, and all the seedlings emerge after 15 days. Watering begins 7 days after sowing, and the amount of water dripped each time is 10m 3 / 667m 2 ~15m 3 / 667m 2 , drip 3 to 5 times continuously, with a drip interval of 3 to 5 days; from the third drip, every 667m 2 Apply 1kg of water-soluble mineral fulvic acid and 1kg of biological fertilizer with water drops, and apply continuously for 2 to 3 times;

[0015] S302, Seedling Management

[0016] When the mulberry seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, spray foliar fertilizer; when the mulberry seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, apply water-soluble fertilizer in combination with drip irrigation;

[0017] S4. Winter storage

[0018] Mulberry seedlings sown before June will overwinter in situ and be transplanted in the spring of the following year. Mulberry seedlings sown after June will be dug up and preserved overwintering and will be transplanted in the spring of the following year.

[0019] Preferably, the hybrid mulberry varieties include Zhesangza No. 1, Guisangyou No. 12, Guisang No. 6, Fengyuan No. 1, and Fengchi, with a seed thousand-grain weight ≥1.45g, a germination rate ≥85%, a moisture content ≤12%, a variety purity ≥95%, and a seed cleanliness ≥98%.

[0020] Preferably, loam or sandy loam with a salt content of less than 0.15% in the 30 cm soil layer, a pH value of less than 8.0, and a groundwater depth of more than 3 m is selected as the nursery ground.

[0021] Preferably, the irrigation in S1 is carried out twice with canal water or well water having a salt content of less than 0.1%, and the amount of water each time is 100m 3 / 667m 2 The base fertilizer is applied every 667m 2 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of urea and 2t of decomposed organic fertilizer were applied; the tillage depth was 30cm to 40cm; the herbicide was sprayed every 667m 2 Dilute 150 mL of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate with 30 kg of water and spray evenly on the soil surface.

[0022] Preferably, the foliar fertilizer spraying in S302 is: the first foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 667m 2 Use 15g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15g urea to mix with 20kg water. The second time, every 667m 2 Use 20g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20g urea to 20kg water, each time every 4 to 6 days. In the later stage, the fertilizer concentration can be increased appropriately according to the situation, but the total amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea should not exceed 200g / 667m 2 .

[0023] Preferably, the water-soluble fertilizer in S302 is applied as follows: 2 Use 0.5kg urea and 0.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate for the second time every 667m 2 Use 1kg urea and 1kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate for the third time every 667m 2 Use 1.5kg urea and 1.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, each time at an interval of 15 days. When applying fertilizer, first drip clean water for 1 hour, then apply fertilizer, and finally drip clean water for 30 minutes.

[0024] Preferably, the transplanting and storage over the winter in S4 is completed after the mulberry seedlings drop their leaves in mid-November and before the soil freezes in early December, and the transplanting depth is 15 cm to 20 cm.

[0025] The present invention has the following significant technical effects:

[0026] 1. The hybrid mulberry mechanical sowing and seedling raising of the present invention can complete film covering, sowing and laying drip irrigation belts at one time, thus overcoming the disadvantages of traditional seedling raising, which is that ridge raising, furrowing, sowing and soil covering are carried out step by step, and the process is multi-step and labor-intensive.

[0027] 2. The supporting seeder in the present invention is towed by an agricultural tractor. When sowing, only one person is needed to drive the tractor and two people are needed to follow the machine, who are responsible for adding seeds, replacing the mulch film and the drip irrigation belt. The maximum operating efficiency reaches 4hm2 / d, which increases the operating efficiency by more than 20 times compared with the traditional sowing method. It is suitable for large-scale and intensive seedling cultivation, and is of great significance to promoting large-scale planting of hybrid mulberry.

[0028] 3. The seedling raising method of the present invention adopts a water-saving drip irrigation mode, and by equipping a complete drip irrigation system, precise control of soil moisture can be achieved. A small amount of high-frequency dripping is used to ensure that the relative moisture content of the surface soil is 70% to 80%, providing the optimal soil moisture content for mulberry seedlings to germinate and emerge, thereby improving the emergence rate and overcoming the problem that the traditional seedling raising method cannot achieve precise control of soil water and fertilizer, insufficient moisture content of the surface soil, and low emergence rate.

[0029] 4. The seedling raising method of the present invention adopts the drip irrigation technology under the film to keep the local area around the mulberry seeds and mulberry seedlings moist. The mulch film covers the soil to reduce the evaporation of water and save the amount of irrigation, which is particularly suitable for application in arid areas. The whole seedling raising cycle only needs 300m 3 / 667m 2 The irrigation volume of the traditional seedling raising method is about 400m 3 / 667m 2 The above can save 25% of water.

[0030] 5. The seedling raising method of the present invention adopts an integrated water-fertilizer management mode, achieves water-fertilizer coupling, and saves fertilizer application amount and fertilizer cost. Water-soluble fertilizers are dissolved in the fertilizer tank and drip into the vicinity of the mulberry seedling root system with water, which simultaneously meets the mulberry seedling's demand for water and fertilizer and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency. It overcomes the problem of broadcasting or furrowing fertilizers in traditional seedling raising methods, which cannot achieve accurate fertilizer application around the mulberry seedling root system, and is difficult to achieve water-fertilizer synchronization. In addition, this method only needs to dissolve the fertilizer in the fertilizer tank and transport it around the mulberry seedling root system through pipes and capillaries, which saves labor efficiency and reduces production costs compared to the traditional seedling raising method of artificial fertilization.

[0031] 6. The seedling raising method of the present invention realizes semi-precise quantitative sowing, 3 to 5 seeds are sown in each hole, the seedlings emerge unevenly, no manual thinning is required, the labor intensity is reduced, the mulberry seedlings grow evenly, and the commercial seedling rate is high when leaving the nursery.

[0032] 7. The seeding depth of the seedling raising method of the present invention is unified at about 2 cm, and the seedlings can be centrally and uniformly emerged within 7 to 10 days after sowing. However, the depth of traditional manual sowing and the thickness of the covering soil are inconsistent, and the emergence time lasts for a long time, generally 10 to 20 days, and the growth time of mulberry seedlings is inconsistent. The seedlings that emerge in the late stage are easy to grow into small and weak seedlings, which reduces the commercial seedling rate.

[0033] 8. The seedling raising method of the present invention ensures that the soil around the mulberry seeds and seedlings is moistened by dripping water in small amounts and at high frequencies, and the surface of the seeds is not covered with soil, thereby avoiding the death of seedlings caused by soil compaction due to irrigation and rain, and is particularly suitable for implementation on land with large evaporation and high salt content. The surface of the seeds is not covered with soil, thereby avoiding the problem of a long germination period caused by uneven thickness of the covering soil layer, thereby improving the uniformity of germination.

[0034] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Example 1

[0036] This embodiment conducts mechanical sowing and seedling raising of hybrid mulberry in Qiaoka Village, Bayiawati Township, Yuepuhu County, Xinjiang from May 1 to May 6, 2023, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] S1. Preparation before sowing

[0038] The hybrid mulberry variety is Guisangyou 12, with a seed weight of 1,000 grains ≥ 1.45g, a germination rate ≥ 85%, a moisture content ≤ 12%, a variety purity ≥ 95%, and a seed purity ≥ 98%. Loose texture, high organic matter content, and sandy loam plots that have been cultivated for many years are selected as seedling sites, with a salt content of less than 0.15% in the 30cm soil layer, a pH value of less than 8.0, and a groundwater depth of more than 3m.

[0039] S101, irrigation

[0040] First, level the land and build grid fields. The height difference within the grid field should not exceed 5cm to ensure uniform irrigation and prevent uneven land. After irrigation, salt will accumulate in high places and affect seedling emergence. Use canal water with a salt content of less than 0.1% to continuously irrigate twice, with a water volume of 100m each time. 3 / 667m 2 , press salt and store moisture, leach the salt accumulated on the soil surface to below the tillage layer, and at the same time increase the soil moisture content, improve the germination rate and survival rate.

[0041] S102, Apply base fertilizer

[0042] Before tillage, every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of urea, and 2t of fully decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0043] S103, tillage

[0044] The land was plowed to a depth of 30 cm.

[0045] S104, Land Preparation

[0046] Use a compactor and soil crusher to perform 1 leveling and 2 compacting. The land leveling requires that the height difference within the same plot of land should not exceed 5cm and the soil particle size should not exceed 2cm. The compaction requires that the upper soil should be tight and the lower soil should be loose to increase the compactness of the upper soil, ensure the sowing depth, reduce the misalignment of holes, lock in moisture, maintain humidity, and ensure germination and growth requirements. After the first compaction, use 33% pendimethalin EC herbicide at 150mL / 667m 2 Dilute with 30kg of water, spray evenly on the soil surface, and then press down a second time to mix the herbicide with the shallow layer of soil about 3cm.

[0047] S2. Seeding

[0048] Seeds are first exposed to the sun for 8 hours, soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and spread out to dry for 8 hours. When the seeds are loose and not sticky, they can be sown. The seeder uses a 20-hole semi-precision tray seeder, one sowing and one film, the film width is 145cm, one film has 10 rows, the row spacing in the film is 14.4cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and a 50cm working channel is left between the films. The soil is pressed to a depth of 5cm on both sides. When sowing, check the places where the soil is not tightly covered on the side of the film and the amount of soil is small, and cover the soil and press the film manually in time. Sow 5 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is about 2cm, and the seed hole is not covered with soil. When sowing, the soil around the seed hole will naturally slide down to about 0.5cm from the surface of the seed. The amount of hybrid mulberry seeds used is 0.5kg / 667m 2 .

[0049] Lay patch drip irrigation tape, dripper spacing 20cm, dripper flow 4.0L / h, every 667m under normal pressure 2 The dripping amount is 5~6m 3 / h, each film is equipped with 4 drip irrigation tapes, and a drip irrigation tape is placed every 2 rows.

[0050] S3. Seedling Management

[0051] S301, Management during the Seedling Stage

[0052] The seeds begin to turn white within 5-7 days after sowing, and the seedlings emerge gradually from 7-10 days, and all the seedlings emerge after 15 days. Start dripping 7 days after sowing, drip 3 times in a row, with a drip interval of 5 days, and the drip volume of each time is 15m 3 / 667m 2 The amount of water dripping depends on the soil moisture and salt content, so as to keep the seed hole moist and the soil not crusted. Avoid the appearance of open water in the field. 2 Apply 1kg of water-soluble mineral humic acid and 1kg of biological fertilizer with water drops, and apply twice continuously.

[0053] S302, Seedling Management

[0054] After the mulberry seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, spray foliar fertilizer twice in succession, with an interval of 5 days.2 Use 15g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15g urea to mix with 20kg water. The second time, every 667m 2 Use 20g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20g of urea to mix with 20kg of water.

[0055] When the mulberry seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, water-soluble fertilizers should be applied with drip irrigation. 2 Use 0.5kg urea and 0.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the second time use 1kg urea and 1kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the third time use 1.5kg urea and 1.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, each time interval is 15 days. When applying fertilizer, first drip clean water for 1 hour, then apply fertilizer, and finally drip clean water for 30 minutes.

[0056] S4. Winter storage

[0057] The mulberry seedlings overwinter in situ and are transplanted in the spring of the following year.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] This embodiment conducts mechanical sowing and seedling raising of hybrid mulberry in Qialemi Village, Buya Township, Lop County, Xinjiang from June 27 to July 1, 2023, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0060] S1. Preparation before sowing

[0061] The hybrid mulberry variety is Guisangyou 12, with a seed weight of 1,000 grains ≥ 1.45g, a germination rate ≥ 85%, a moisture content ≤ 12%, a variety purity ≥ 95%, and a seed purity ≥ 98%. Loose, high-organic-matter-content, and continuously cultivated loam plots are selected as seedling sites, with a 30cm soil layer containing less than 0.15% salt, a pH value of less than 8.0, and a groundwater depth of more than 3m.

[0062] S101, irrigation

[0063] First, the land was leveled and built into grid fields with a drop of no more than 5 cm. Canal water with a salt content of less than 0.1% was used for continuous flooding twice, with a water volume of 100 m3 each time. 3 / 667m 2 , compress salt and store moisture.

[0064] S102, Apply base fertilizer

[0065] Before tillage, every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of urea, and 2t of fully decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0066] S103, tillage

[0067] The land was plowed to a depth of 40 cm.

[0068] S104, Land Preparation

[0069] Use a compactor and soil crusher to level the land once and compact it twice. The land leveling requires that the height difference within the same plot of land should not exceed 5 cm and the soil particle size should not exceed 2 cm. After the first compaction, use 33% pendimethalin EC herbicide at 150 mL / 667 m 2 Add 30kg of water to dilute, spray evenly on the soil surface, and then carry out the second suppression.

[0070] S2. Seeding

[0071] Seeds are first exposed to the sun for 6 hours, soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and spread out for 8 hours. When the seeds are loose and not sticky, they can be sown. The seeder uses a 20-hole semi-precision tray seeder, one sowing three films, the film width is 145cm, one film has 10 rows, the row spacing in the film is 14.4cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and a 50cm working channel is left between the films. The soil is pressed to a depth of 5cm on both sides. When sowing, check the places where the soil is not tightly covered on the side of the film and the amount of soil is small, and cover the soil and press the film manually in time. Sow 3 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is about 2cm, and the seed hole is not covered with soil. When sowing, the soil around the seed hole will naturally slide down to about 0.5cm from the surface of the seed. The amount of hybrid mulberry seeds used is 0.8kg / 667m 2 .

[0072] Lay patch drip irrigation tape, dripper spacing 20cm, dripper flow 4.0L / h, every 667m under normal pressure 2 The dripping amount is 5~6m 3 / h, each film is equipped with 4 drip irrigation tapes, and a drip irrigation tape is placed every 2 rows.

[0073] S3. Seedling Management

[0074] S301, Management during the Seedling Stage

[0075] Seeds begin to turn white within 5-7 days after sowing, and seedlings emerge gradually from 7-10 days, and all seedlings emerge after 15 days. Start dripping 7 days after sowing, drip 5 times in a row, with a drip interval of 3 days, and the amount of water dripped each time is 10m 3 / 667m 2 The amount of water dripping depends on the soil moisture and salt content, so as to keep the seed hole moist and the soil not crusted. Avoid the appearance of open water in the field. 2 Apply 1kg of water-soluble mineral humic acid and 1kg of biological fertilizer with water drops, and apply continuously for 3 times.

[0076] S302, Seedling Management

[0077] After the mulberry seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, spray foliar fertilizer 3 times in succession, with an interval of 4 days. 2 Use 15g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15g urea to mix with 20kg water. The second time, every 667m2 Use 20g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20g urea to mix with 20kg water. The third foliar fertilizer is applied every 667m 2 Use 25g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 25g urea to mix with 20kg water. The fertilizer concentration can be increased appropriately in the later stage, but the total amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea should not exceed 200g / 667m 2 .

[0078] When the mulberry seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, water-soluble fertilizers should be applied with drip irrigation. 2 Use 0.5kg urea and 0.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the second time use 1kg urea and 1kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the third time use 1.5kg urea and 1.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, each time interval of 15 days. In the later stage, the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately increased according to the growth of mulberry seedlings, but the total amount of fertilizer used at a time should not be too much. Each time the fertilizer is flushed, drip clean water for 1 hour, then flush the fertilizer, and finally drip clean water for 30 minutes.

[0079] S4. Winter storage

[0080] From mid-November when the leaves of the mulberry seedlings fall to early December before the soil freezes, the mulberry seedlings are lifted and stored for the winter. A vibrating seedling lifter driven by a tractor is used, and the lifting depth is 20 cm. After lifting, the seedlings are bundled according to the ground diameter. A storage pit with a width of 3 m and a depth of 0.6 m is dug on the spot at the nursery site. When storing, the mulberry seedlings are tilted at a 45° angle and placed in the storage pit. After placing one row, cover with 15 cm of soil, and then place the second row. The storage of the mulberry seedlings is completed in sequence, and covered with 30 cm of wet soil. In the spring of the second year, the mulberry seedlings are taken out after the soil thaws and transplanted.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] This embodiment conducts hybrid mulberry mechanical sowing and seedling raising in Kutiqi Village, Yulong Kashi Town, Hotan City, Xinjiang from June 26 to July 2, 2024, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] S1. Preparation before sowing

[0084] The hybrid mulberry variety is Fengchi, with a seed weight of 1,000 grains ≥ 1.45g, a germination rate ≥ 85%, a moisture content ≤ 12%, a variety purity ≥ 95%, and a seed purity ≥ 98%. Loose texture, high organic matter content, and sandy loam plots that have been cultivated for many years are selected as seedling sites. The salt content in the 30cm soil layer is less than 0.15%, the pH value is less than 8.0, and the groundwater depth is greater than 3m.

[0085] S101, irrigation

[0086] First, the land was leveled and built into grids, with the drop in the grids not exceeding 5 cm. Well water was used for continuous flooding twice, with each irrigation volume of 100 m 3 / 667m2 , compress salt and store moisture.

[0087] S102, Apply base fertilizer

[0088] Before tillage, every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of urea, and 2t of fully decomposed organic fertilizer.

[0089] S103, tillage

[0090] The land was plowed to a depth of 35 cm.

[0091] S104, Land Preparation

[0092] Use a compactor and soil crusher to level the land once and compact it twice. The land leveling requires that the height difference within the same plot of land should not exceed 5 cm and the soil particle size should not exceed 2 cm. After the first compaction, use 33% pendimethalin EC herbicide at 150 mL / 667 m 2 Add 30kg of water to dilute, spray evenly on the soil surface, and then carry out the second suppression.

[0093] S2. Seeding

[0094] Seeds are first exposed to the sun for 7 hours, soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and spread out for 8 hours. When the seeds are loose and not sticky, they can be sown. The seeder uses a 20-hole semi-precision tray seeder, one sowing and one film, the film width is 145cm, one film has 10 rows, the row spacing in the film is 14.4cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, and a 50cm working channel is left between the films. The soil is pressed to a depth of 5cm on both sides. When sowing, check the places where the soil is not tightly covered on the side of the film and the amount of soil is small, and cover the soil and press the film manually in time. Sow 4 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is about 2cm, and the seed hole is not covered with soil. When sowing, the soil around the seed hole will naturally slide down to about 0.5cm from the surface of the seed. The amount of hybrid mulberry seeds used is 0.6kg / 667m 2 .

[0095] Lay patch drip irrigation tape, dripper spacing 20cm, dripper flow 4.0L / h, every 667m under normal pressure 2 The dripping amount is 5~6m 3 / h, each film is equipped with 4 drip irrigation tapes, and a drip irrigation tape is placed every 2 rows.

[0096] S3. Seedling Management

[0097] S301, Management during the Seedling Stage

[0098] The seeds begin to turn white within 5-7 days after sowing, and the seedlings emerge gradually from 7-10 days, and all the seedlings emerge after 15 days. Watering starts from 7 days after sowing, and drips 4 times in succession, with a dripping interval of 4 days, and the amount of water dripped each time is 12m 3 / 667m 2The amount of water dripping depends on the soil moisture and salt content, so as to keep the seed hole moist and the soil not crusted. Avoid the appearance of open water in the field. 2 Apply 1kg of water-soluble mineral humic acid and 1kg of biological fertilizer with water drops, and apply twice continuously.

[0099] S302, Seedling Management

[0100] After the mulberry seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, spray foliar fertilizer twice in succession, with an interval of 6 days. 2 Use 15g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15g urea to mix with 20kg water. The second time, every 667m 2 Use 20g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20g urea to mix with 20kg water. The fertilizer concentration can be increased appropriately in the later stage according to the situation, but the total amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea should not exceed 200g / 667m 2 .

[0101] When the mulberry seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, water-soluble fertilizers should be applied with drip irrigation. 2 Use 0.5kg urea and 0.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the second time use 1kg urea and 1kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, the third time use 1.5kg urea and 1.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, each time interval of 15 days. In the later stage, the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately increased according to the growth of mulberry seedlings, but the total amount of fertilizer used at a time should not be too much. Each time the fertilizer is flushed, drip clean water for 1 hour, then flush the fertilizer, and finally drip clean water for 30 minutes.

[0102] S4. Winter storage

[0103] From mid-November when the leaves of the mulberry seedlings fall to early December before the soil freezes, the mulberry seedlings are lifted and stored for the winter. A vibrating seedling lifter driven by a tractor is used, and the lifting depth is 15 cm. After lifting, the seedlings are bundled according to the ground diameter. A storage pit with a width of 3m and a depth of 0.6m is dug on the spot at the nursery site. When storing, the mulberry seedlings are tilted at a 45° angle and placed in the storage pit. After placing one row, cover with 10 cm of soil, and then place the second row. The storage of the mulberry seedlings is completed in sequence, and covered with 30 cm of wet soil. In the spring of the second year, the mulberry seedlings are taken out after the soil thaws and transplanted.

[0104] Comparative Example 1

[0105] The traditional artificial sowing method is used for hybrid mulberry sowing and seedling raising.

[0106] The hybrid mulberry seedling raising results of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0107] Table 1 Hybrid mulberry seedling results

[0108] project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Seeding rate 0.5kg 0.5kg 0.5kg 1kg Seedling rate 81％ 83.6％ 85.4％ 11.2％ Number of seedlings 138,000 plants 146,000 plants 152,000 plants 40,000 plants

[0109] The hybrid mulberry mechanical sowing and seedling raising method of the present invention realizes the one-time completion of film laying, sowing, and drip irrigation laying. Each machine needs 3 workers per day and can sow 30 mu; while traditional manual sowing requires 2 people to make ridges, 1 person to dig furrows, 1 person to plant seeds, and 1 person to cover the soil. The cooperation of 5 people can sow a maximum of 5 mu per day. Under the condition of a sowing amount of 0.5 kg / mu, the number of seedlings produced by manual sowing is about 30,000, and the number of seedlings produced by mechanical sowing is 140,000, which is 3.7 times higher than that of traditional manual sowing. The emergence rate and seedling rate of the hybrid mulberry mechanical sowing of the present invention are greatly improved compared with manual sowing, and the specific reasons are as follows:

[0110] (1) Mechanical seeding can achieve precise control of water and fertilizer through drip irrigation. When the soil is short of water, water can be replenished in time. In addition, the drip irrigation method under the film is conducive to reducing soil evaporation and retaining moisture. However, traditional manual seeding drip irrigation is more troublesome and usually adopts flood irrigation. The irrigation control cannot achieve precise control. Untimely irrigation or excessive irrigation can easily cause seedling death. In addition, the film is generally not covered and the water retention capacity is weak.

[0111] (2) Mechanical sowing is more uniform, with 3 to 5 seeds per hole. The spacing between rows and plants of mulberry seedlings is fixed, and the seedlings grow evenly and neatly. The number of weak and small seedlings is controlled within 5%. Traditional manual sowing usually uses row sowing, and the sowing amount is not easy to control accurately, resulting in uneven emergence of seedlings, which affects the number of seedlings. The number of weak and small seedlings is generally around 10%.

[0112] (3) The mechanical sowing depth is consistent. The mechanical sowing depth is controlled by the length of the seeder's duckbill. The sowing depth is unified at about 2 cm, which can achieve centralized and unified germination within 7 to 10 days after sowing. However, traditional manual sowing is difficult to achieve consistency in sowing depth and soil thickness, and the germination time is relatively long, generally 10 to 20 days. This leads to inconsistent growth time of mulberry seedlings, and the seedlings that emerge later are prone to grow into small and weak seedlings, reducing the seedling success rate.

[0113] (4) Mechanical sowing does not involve covering with soil. During sowing, the soil around the seed hole naturally slides down to about 0.5 cm from the surface of the seed. In contrast, in order to retain moisture in the soil and prevent the mulberry seeds from being burned, traditional manual sowing requires covering with about 1 cm to 2 cm of soil. Mulberry seedlings are small in size and have a weak ability to push up against the soil. If it rains during the emergence period, the soil covering the seed hole will easily form a crust, which will affect emergence.

[0114] (5) The soil in southern Xinjiang generally has a high soluble salt content. Even in cultivated land that has been cultivated for many years, the soluble salt is only temporarily washed below the tillage layer. As the soil moisture evaporates, the salt will rise to the soil surface. Mechanical sowing can achieve precise control of water and fertilizer. Through small amounts of drip irrigation, the salt content around the holes is less than 0.1%. Fulvic acid and biological fertilizer are used in combination to adjust the soil pH and keep the soil loose. However, it is difficult to achieve integrated water and fertilizer management and precise water and fertilizer control with traditional sowing methods. Salt easily accumulates on the surface, causing salt damage and reducing the number of seedlings per unit area.

[0115] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mechanical sowing and raising seedlings of hybrid mulberry in southern Xinjiang, characterized in that: The sowing time is from early May to early July. The method comprises the following steps: S1. Preparation before sowing The land is leveled, gridded, irrigated to store moisture, and then base fertilizer is applied. The land is plowed and a compactor and soil crusher are used to level the land once and compact it twice. After the first compaction, herbicides are sprayed and then compacted for the second time. S2. Seeding Hybrid mulberry seeds should be exposed to the sun for 6 to 8 hours, then soaked in warm water for 24 hours, and then spread out to dry for 8 hours. When the seeds are loose and not sticky, they can be sown. A semi-precision tray seeder was used for sowing, which completed sowing, film covering, and drip irrigation tape laying at one time. The row spacing was 14.4 cm, the plant spacing was 6 cm, the sowing depth was 2 cm, and the seed holes were not covered with soil. The amount of hybrid mulberry seeds used was 0.5 kg / 667 m 2 ~0.8kg / 667m 2 , lay patch-type drip irrigation tape, with a dripper spacing of 20cm; S3. Seedling Management S301, Management during the Seedling Stage The seeds begin to turn white within 5-7 days after sowing, and the seedlings emerge gradually from 7-10 days, and all the seedlings emerge after 15 days. Watering begins 7 days after sowing, and the amount of water dripped each time is 10m 3 / 667m 2 ~15m 3 / 667m 2 , drip 3 to 5 times continuously, with a drip interval of 3 to 5 days; from the third drip, every 667m 2 Apply 1kg of water-soluble mineral fulvic acid and 1kg of biological fertilizer with water drops, and apply continuously for 2 to 3 times; S302, Seedling Management When the mulberry seedlings grow to 5 true leaves, spray foliar fertilizer; when the mulberry seedlings grow to 7 true leaves, apply water-soluble fertilizer in combination with drip irrigation; S4. Winter storage Mulberry seedlings sown before June will overwinter in situ and be transplanted in the spring of the following year. Mulberry seedlings sown after June will be dug up and preserved overwintering and will be transplanted in the spring of the following year.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hybrid mulberry varieties include Zhe Sangza No. 1, Guisang You No. 12, Guisang No. 6, Fengyuan No. 1, and Fengchi, with a seed thousand-grain weight of ≥1.45g, a germination rate of ≥85%, a moisture content of ≤12%, a variety purity of ≥95%, and a seed cleanliness of ≥98%.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Select loam or sandy loam with a salt content of less than 0.15% in the 30cm soil layer, a pH value of less than 8.0, and a groundwater depth of more than 3m as the seedling raising site.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation described in S1 is carried out by flooding 2 times with canal water or well water with a salt content of less than 0.1%, and the amount of water each time is 100m 3 / 667m 2 ; The base fertilizer is applied every 667m 2 Apply 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 5kg of urea and 2t of decomposed organic fertilizer; The tillage depth is 30cm to 40cm; The herbicide is sprayed every 667m 2 Dilute 150 mL of 33% pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate with 30 kg of water and spray evenly on the soil surface.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The foliar fertilizer spraying in S302 is: the first foliar fertilizer is sprayed every 667m 2 Use 15g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15g urea to mix with 20kg water. The second time, every 667m 2 Use 20g potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 20g urea to 20kg water, each time every 4 to 6 days. In the later stage, the fertilizer concentration can be increased appropriately according to the situation, but the total amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea should not exceed 200g / 667m 2 .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The water-soluble fertilizer in S302 is: the first time every 667m 2 Use 0.5kg urea and 0.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate for the second time every 667m 2 Use 1kg urea and 1kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate for the third time every 667m 2 Use 1.5kg urea and 1.5kg water-soluble diammonium phosphate, each time at an interval of 15 days. When applying fertilizer, first drip clean water for 1 hour, then apply fertilizer, and finally drip clean water for 30 minutes.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling removal and storage overwintering described in S4 is completed after the mulberry seedlings drop their leaves in mid-November and before the soil freezes in early December, and the seedling removal depth is 15 cm to 20 cm.