Fruit tree flowering phase anti-freezing agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a fruit tree flowering phase anti-freezing agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The fruit tree flowering phase anti-freezing agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 0.3-1 part of inorganic calcium; 0.01 to 0.05 part of brassinolide; 0.05 to 0.1 part of salicylic acid; 0.5 to 1 part of an emulsifier; and adding water to 100 parts. After being sprayed, the fruit tree flowering phase anti-freezing agent is good in anti-freezing effect, long in lasting time, free of chemical residues or environmental pollution, simple in formula preparation method, low in cost and easy to store for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, and in particular to an antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Low temperature disaster is one of the main agricultural meteorological disasters and an important disaster that limits fruit production and quality. Low temperature disasters cause physiological and metabolic dysfunctions in fruit trees, death and shedding of some organs, which seriously affect the growth and development of fruit trees, and lead to serious consequences of reduced production or even total crop failure. The main measures for preventing low temperature disasters in orchards during flowering period include pruning, irrigation and fertilization, fumigation, spraying of antifreeze, etc., which have a certain defensive effect on large-scale meteorological disasters. However, the effect is general when facing continuous low temperature or short-term temperature drop, and at the same time, some negative environmental effects are also produced. For example, in production, the extensive use of orchard fumigation technology has aggravated the haze weather; unreasonable irrigation and fertilization have led to soil salinization and a decline in land quality.

[0003] There are many commercial antifreeze formulas, which are mainly used to supplement fruit tree nutrients. They have the disadvantages of complex formulas, difficult preparation, and high prices. After use, they have a certain effect on low temperature disasters in the short term, but as time goes by, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes in fruit trees that resist low temperatures first increases and then decreases, and the lowest value is lower than before spraying, which does not have long-term effect. Summary of the invention

[0004] Technical problem to be solved: In view of the shortcomings of existing fruit tree antifreeze agents, such as complex formulas, difficult preparation, high prices and poor long-term effectiveness, the present invention provides a fruit tree flowering antifreeze agent and a preparation method and application thereof. After spraying, the fruit tree flowering antifreeze agent has good antifreeze effect, long duration, no chemical residue or environmental pollution, and a simple formula preparation method, low cost and easy long-term storage.

[0005] Technical solution: An antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period, comprising the following ingredients by mass: inorganic calcium: 0.3-1 part; brassinolide: 0.01-0.05 part; salicylic acid: 0.05-0.1 part; emulsifier: 0.5-1 part; add water to 100 parts.

[0006] The emulsifier described above is emulsifier MOA-7, MOA-9, MOA-10 or MOA-15.

[0007] The inorganic calcium described above is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate or calcium carbonate.

[0008] The above-mentioned antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period contains the following components by mass: calcium chloride: 0.5 parts; brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; water: 98.59 parts.

[0009] The above-mentioned antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period contains the following components by mass: calcium nitrate: 0.7 parts; brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; water: 98.39 parts.

[0010] The above-mentioned antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period contains the following components by mass: calcium carbonate: 0.5 parts; brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; water: 98.59 parts.

[0011] The preparation method of the above-mentioned antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period comprises the following steps:

[0012] 1) Dispersing 0.05-0.1 parts of salicylic acid in 10 parts of water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution A;

[0013] 2) Dispersing 0.01-0.05 parts of brassinolide in 10 parts of water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution B;

[0014] 3) By weight, 0.3-1 parts of inorganic calcium and 10 parts of water are stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed solution C;

[0015] 4) Add the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B to the mixed solution C, stir and mix evenly, then add 0.5-1 parts by mass of an emulsifier, then add water to 100 parts, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and obtain the antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period.

[0016] The above-mentioned antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period is used to prevent fruit trees from suffering from low temperature disasters during flowering period.

[0017] Among the components of the antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period of the present invention:

[0018] Inorganic calcium: opens the calcium signaling pathway in the plant, regulates metabolism and mediates the response of fruit trees to low temperatures, transmits relevant environmental information at the cellular level of fruit trees, enhances the response of hormone metabolism in fruit trees when low temperatures occur, and promotes the accumulation of large amounts of sucrose in fruit trees.

[0019] Brassinolide: Increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the floral organs of fruit trees, reduces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, regulates the infiltration process in the fruit tree body, and reduces relative conductivity and cell membrane damage.

[0020] Salicylic acid: As a signal molecule, it stimulates fruit trees to initiate physiological and biochemical reactions when low temperatures occur, adjusts the ratio of saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane, maintains the stability of the membrane and the metabolic balance of the active oxygen metabolism system, and reduces antioxidant damage to the cell membrane.

[0021] Emulsifier: Improve the absorption and conduction effect of antifreeze, improve the wettability and permeability of antifreeze on the plant surface, improve stability and increase lasting effect.

[0022] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides an antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering, and a preparation method and application thereof, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] 1. The fruit tree flowering period antifreeze agent of the present invention has simple formula and preparation method, low cost, and is easy to store for a long time.

[0024] 2. The fruit tree flowering period antifreeze agent of the present invention has good antifreeze effect after spraying, lasts for a long time, and has no chemical residue or environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a picture of the apple tree before low-temperature treatment in Example 2.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a picture of the apple tree after low temperature treatment in Example 2.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a picture of the apple tree after low temperature treatment in Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below through specific implementation modes, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0029] The direct sources of the reagents used below are as follows:

[0030] Calcium chloride, calcium nitrate, and calcium carbonate were purchased from Tianjin Ruijinte Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0031] Brassinolide was purchased from Hefei Bomei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.;

[0032] Salicylic acid was purchased from Tianjin Ruijinte Chemical Co., Ltd.;

[0033] Emulsifiers MOA-7, MOA-9, MOA-10 or MOA-15 ​​were purchased from Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0034] According to the formulation composition of the antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period of the present invention, 9 formulations (by mass parts) were selected, as shown in the following Table 1.

[0035] Table 1

[0036]

[0037] The preparation method of the antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period of the present invention is as follows:

[0038] 1) dispersing salicylic acid in water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution A;

[0039] 2) dispersing brassinolide in water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution B;

[0040] 3) stirring and mixing inorganic calcium and water to obtain a mixed solution C;

[0041] 4) Add the mixed solution A and the mixed solution B to the mixed solution C, stir and mix evenly, then add the emulsifier, and then add water to 100 parts, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and the antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period is obtained.

[0042] According to the formulation composition in Table 1 and the above-mentioned preparation method, fruit tree flowering period antifreeze agents of formulations 1-9 were prepared respectively.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This experiment was conducted on April 2, 2022 at the fruit tree planting demonstration base in Yan Village, Nanzhang Township, Wanrong County, Yuncheng City (110°42′28″E, 35°26′2″N), and the test material was eight-year-old Fuji apples. Healthy plants with similar growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as materials in the test area, with a row spacing of 4m×1.5m. A total of 9 formula treatments (Example 1) and a blank control were set up, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 3 apple trees were selected for each repetition. The water droplets were sprayed on the leaves and flower organs but did not drip. Field sampling for this experiment was carried out on April 4, 2022, and 10 flower branches and leaves with similar appearance were selected for each treatment and repetition. This laboratory test was conducted in the low temperature climate room of the Yuncheng Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Germplasm Resource Creation and Application (now the Shanxi Fruit Tree Seedling Breeding and Plant Protection Technology Innovation Center), simulating the occurrence of low temperature frost damage in the field. The temperature was set to decrease by 1°C every 30 minutes from 0°C, the lowest temperature was -3°C, and the sub-zero temperature lasted for 4 hours. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method, and the peroxidase (POD) activity was determined by the oxidized guaiacol method. The appearance evaluation was based on the frost damage grade classification table shown in Table 2 below:

[0045] Table 2

[0046] Frost damage level Frost damage symptoms No frost damage Flower organs are in good shape Mild The anthers, filaments and styles are in good shape, only a few are slightly frozen, the ovary is intact, and fruit setting is not affected Moderate Anthers turn brown, filaments and styles turn reddish brown and deformed, and the ovary turns black, affecting fruit setting and yield Severe The anthers, filaments, and styles are black and severely deformed, and the inside of the ovary is completely black, resulting in infertility.

[0047] The measurement results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0048] Table 3

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] From the results in Table 3 above, it can be seen that the antifreeze agents for fruit trees during flowering prepared by Formulas 1 to 9 all significantly improved the cold resistance of the flower organs of apple trees during flowering, among which the antifreeze effect of the antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering prepared by Formula 2 was higher than that of the other formulas.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This experiment was conducted on April 11, 2023 at the fruit tree planting demonstration base in Yancun, Nanzhang Township, Wanrong County, Yuncheng City (110°42′28″E, 35°26′2″N) and the Yangbao Experimental Base in Yanhu District, Yuncheng City (110°56′1″E, 35°6′23″N). The test materials were nine-year-old Fuji apples and ten-year-old Yulu pears. Healthy plants with similar growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as materials in the test area. The row spacing of apple trees was 4m×1.5m, and the row spacing of pear trees was 4m×3m. The experiment set up 4 treatments: 1 formula treatment, 2 commercial antifreeze control treatments, and 1 blank control. The formula treatment was Example 1 Formula 2, and the commercial antifreeze treatments were: Shijia Qianghu Magnetic Antifreeze (Shandong Kehai Federal Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), Huanneng Plant Antifreeze (Shandong Hairuis Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 3 fruit trees were selected for each repetition. The spraying was carried out until water droplets condensed on the flower organs but did not drip. Field sampling for this experiment was carried out on April 13, 2022, and 10 flower branches with similar appearance were selected for each treatment and repetition. The indoor detection of this experiment was carried out in the low temperature climate room of the Yuncheng Key Laboratory for the Creation and Application of Fruit Germplasm Resources (now the Shanxi Fruit Tree Seedling Breeding and Plant Protection Technology Innovation Center), simulating the occurrence of low temperature frost damage in the field. It was set to decrease by 1°C every 30 minutes starting from 0°C, the lowest temperature was -4°C, and the sub-zero low temperature lasted for 5 hours. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by thiobarbituric acid colorimetry, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium method, and the peroxidase (POD) activity was determined by oxidized guaiacol method. The appearance evaluation was based on the frost damage grade classification table 2. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 Before low temperature treatment for apple trees, Figure 2 The figures are for apple trees after low temperature treatment. Columns 1 and 2 are blank controls, column 3 is commercial antifreeze 1, column 4 is formula 2, and column 5 is commercial antifreeze 2.

[0054] The measurement results are shown in Table 4 below:

[0055] Table 4

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] From the results in Table 4 above, it can be seen that the fruit tree flowering antifreeze prepared by Formula 2 significantly improves the cold resistance of the flower organs of apple and pear trees during the flowering period, indicating that the fruit tree flowering antifreeze can significantly improve the ability of apple and pear trees to resist low temperature frost damage during the flowering period.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This experiment was conducted on April 20, 2023 at the fruit tree planting demonstration base in Yan Village, Nanzhang Township, Wanrong County, Yuncheng City (110°42′28″E, 35°26′2″N). The test material was nine-year-old Fuji apples. Healthy plants with similar growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as materials in the test area, with a row spacing of 4m×1.5m. A total of 9 formula treatments (Example 1) and blank controls were set up, each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 3 apple trees were selected for each repetition. The spraying was carried out until water droplets condensed on the leaves but did not drip. The field measurement of this experiment was carried out on April 22, 2023. The temperature in the orchard was -3°C at 6 a.m. on April 22. Four leaves with similar appearance were selected for each treatment and repetition. The maximum photochemical quantum efficiency (Fv / Fm) of the leaves was measured using the FluorPen110 handheld chlorophyll fluorimeter produced by PSI of the Czech Republic. The measurement results are shown in Table 5 below:

[0061] Table 5

[0062] deal with Fv / Fm blank 0.65±0.029 Recipe 2 0.76±0.020 Commodity antifreeze 1 0.71±0.019 Commodity antifreeze 2 0.73±0.022

[0063] From the results in Table 5 above, it can be seen that the fruit tree flowering antifreeze prepared by Formula 2 significantly improves the cold resistance of apple tree leaves during the flowering and fruiting period, indicating that the fruit tree flowering antifreeze can significantly improve the ability of apple trees to resist low temperature frost damage to leaves during the flowering and fruiting period.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] This experiment was conducted on April 11, 2023 at the fruit tree planting demonstration base in Yancun, Nanzhang Township, Wanrong County, Yuncheng City (110°42′28″E, 35°26′2″N) and the Yangbao Experimental Base in Yanhu District, Yuncheng City (110°56′1″E, 35°6′23″N). The test materials were nine-year-old Fuji apples and ten-year-old Yulu pears. Healthy plants with similar growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as materials in the test area. The row spacing of apple trees was 4m×1.5m, and the row spacing of pear trees was 4m×3m. The experiment set up 5 treatments: 1 formula treatment, 3 commercial antifreeze control treatments, and 1 blank control. The formula treatment was Example 1 Formula 2. The commercial antifreeze treatments were: Shijia Qianghu · Magnetized Antifreeze (Shandong Kehai Federal Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), Huanneng Plant Antifreeze (Shandong Hai Ruisi Marine Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), and Hellman Warm Ion Plant Antifreeze (Shandong Jindakang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.). Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and 3 apple trees were selected for each repetition. The spraying was carried out on March 29, 2024, and 10 flower branches with similar appearance were selected for each treatment and repetition. The indoor test of this experiment was carried out in the low temperature climate room of the Shanxi Fruit Tree Seedling Breeding and Plant Protection Technology Innovation Center to simulate the occurrence of low temperature frost damage in the field. It was set to decrease by 1°C every 30min from 0°C, the lowest temperature was -4°C, and the sub-zero low temperature lasted for 5h. The conductivity was measured using the Lei Magnetic DDSJ-308F desktop conductivity meter produced by Shanghai Yidian Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd. Apple tree appearance after low temperature treatment Figure 3 As shown, column 1 is the blank control, column 2 is formulation 2, column 3 is commercial antifreeze 1, column 4 is commercial antifreeze 2, and column 5 is commercial antifreeze 3.

[0066] The measurement results are shown in Table 6 below:

[0067] Table 6

[0068]

[0069] From the results in Table 6 above, it can be seen that the antifreeze for fruit trees during flowering prepared by Formula 2 significantly improves the cold resistance of flower organs of apple and pear trees during flowering, indicating that the antifreeze for fruit trees during flowering can significantly improve the ability of apple and pear trees to resist low temperature damage during flowering.

[0070] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the embodiments of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A fruit tree flowering antifreeze agent, characterized in that Contains the following ingredients by weight: inorganic calcium: 0.3-1 part; Brassinolide: 0.01-0.05 parts; salicylic acid: 0.05-0.1 parts; emulsifier: 0.5-1 parts; add water to 100 parts.

2. The antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emulsifier is emulsifier MOA-7, MOA-9, MOA-10 or MOA-15.

3. The antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic calcium is calcium chloride, calcium nitrate or calcium carbonate.

4. The antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period according to claim 3, characterized in that Contains the following ingredients by mass: calcium chloride: 0.5 part; Brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; Water: 98.59 parts.

5. The antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period according to claim 3, characterized in that Contains the following ingredients by mass: calcium nitrate: 0.7 part; Brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; Water: 98.39 parts.

6. The antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering period according to claim 3, characterized in that Contains the following ingredients by mass: calcium carbonate: 0.5 part; Brassinolide: 0.03 parts; salicylic acid: 0.08 parts; emulsifier: 0.8 parts; Water: 98.59 parts.

7. The method for preparing an antifreeze agent for fruit tree flowering period according to claim 1, characterized in that The preparation steps are as follows: 1) Disperse 0.05-0.1 parts of salicylic acid in 10 parts of water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution A; 2) Dispersing 0.01-0.05 parts of brassinolide in 10 parts of water, heating and stirring to dissolve, cooling for later use, to obtain a mixed solution B; 3) By weight, 0.3-1 parts of inorganic calcium and 10 parts of water are stirred and mixed to obtain a mixed solution C; 4) Add mixed solution A and mixed solution B to mixed solution C, stir and mix evenly, then add 0.5-1 parts by mass of emulsifier, then add water to 100 parts, stir and mix for 20 minutes, and the antifreeze for fruit tree flowering period is obtained.

8. Use of the antifreeze agent for fruit trees during flowering as claimed in claim 1 in preventing fruit trees from suffering from low temperature disasters during flowering.

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