Method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation, in particular to a method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues, which comprises the following steps of: putting the sweet potato residues and corn straws into a stirrer according to a proportion, and uniformly mixing; in the mixing process, the complex microbial inoculants are added and sprayed uniformly; and loading the uniformly mixed fermentation material into a fermentation bag, and carrying out vacuum anaerobic fermentation to obtain the fermented feed. The nitrogen source is added in the method, so that the nutritional value of the micro-storage feed can be improved; by adding the bacillus subtilis, the conversion rate of inorganic nitrogen can be increased; the lactic acid bacteria are added, so that the fermentation pH can be reduced more quickly, and the growth of infectious microbes is inhibited; the added saccharomycetes can improve the flavor of the feed; compared with independent fermentation of the sweet potato residues, the added corn straw can neutralize moisture in the sweet potato residues, so that the moisture content is kept in a feasible range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation, and in particular to a method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues. Background Art

[0002] Sweet potato residue is a by-product of sweet potato starch processing and a type of residue feed. It is rich in nutrients such as starch, sugar, cellulose, and unsaturated amino acids. However, due to its high water content and unsuitability for long-term transportation, it is usually not reused, which causes environmental pollution and waste of resources.

[0003] Micro-storage technology is a technology that adds one or more microbial agents in a certain proportion, and then propagates and ferments them under closed and suitable conditions. The technology of using micro-storage to ferment green feed is very mature and can significantly improve the nutritional quality and shelf life of green feed. The water content of sweet potato residue is high and does not meet the requirements of micro-storage. It is necessary to add additional fermentation substrate to neutralize the moisture of the sweet potato residue.

[0004] In order to solve the problems in the utilization of sweet potato residue as feed, domestic and foreign scholars have tried a variety of methods, such as direct fermentation of sweet potato residue, which increases the storage time but does not increase the nutritional value. Based on this, it is urgent to provide a method for micro-storage of sweet potato residue that can effectively increase the storage time and significantly increase the nutritional value. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues, which can significantly increase the crude protein content in the sweet potato residues, making up for the problem of low protein content in the sweet potato residues, and can utilize local dry corn stalks, thereby reducing resource waste and lowering feed costs.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues, comprising the following steps: (1) Put sweet potato residue and corn stalks into a blender according to the proportion and mix well; (2) During the mixing process, add the composite bacterial agent and spray evenly; (3) The evenly mixed fermented material is put into a fermentation bag and subjected to vacuum anaerobic fermentation to obtain fermented feed.

[0007] Furthermore, in step (1), the ratio is calculated by detecting the moisture content of the sweet potato residue and the corn stalks, with the total moisture content being 65%.

[0008] Furthermore, in step (2), the composite bacterial agent includes a nitrogen source, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria.

[0009] Furthermore, the nitrogen source in the composite bacterial agent is urea, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to lactic acid bacteria is 1:1, the amount of urea added is 1% of the dry matter, and the amount of yeast added is converted according to the same principle as the number of live bacteria added to the composite bacterial agent. Furthermore, in step (2), the amount of the composite bacterial agent added is 1x10 9 cfu / g.

[0010] Furthermore, in step (3), the fermentation temperature of the vacuum anaerobic fermentation is 25°C to 30°C, and the fermentation time is 60 days.

[0011] The invention also provides a fermented feed prepared by the preparation method.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention aims at the problems of high moisture content, low nutritional value, and difficulty in preservation of sweet potato residues. In order to improve the utilization rate of sweet potato residues, the present invention starts from the types of absorbents, nitrogen sources, and composite bacterial agents for balancing moisture, and utilizes microbial fermentation to improve the nutritional value and storage time of sweet potato residues, thereby solving the key problem of the utilization of sweet potato residues as feed. The method of the present invention is simple and convenient, reduces costs, and can be applied to production to carry out large-scale micro-storage fermentation of sweet potato residues. In addition, adding a nitrogen source can improve the nutritional value of micro-storage feed; adding Bacillus subtilis can improve the conversion rate of inorganic nitrogen; adding lactic acid bacteria can reduce the pH of fermentation faster and inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria; adding yeast can improve the flavor of feed; compared with fermenting sweet potato residues alone, adding corn stalks can neutralize the moisture in the sweet potato residues, so that the moisture content is maintained within a feasible range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a product diagram of the sweet potato residue of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a feed diagram of the present invention after mixing sweet potato residue and corn stalks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0016] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0017] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0018] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0019] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0020] The method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues in the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) Detect the moisture content of sweet potato residue and corn stalks, calculate the mixing ratio based on the total moisture content of 65%, and put the sweet potato residue and corn stalks into a blender according to the proportion and mix them evenly; (2) During the mixing process, add nitrogen source, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast and spray evenly; (3) The evenly mixed fermentation material is placed into a fermentation bag and subjected to vacuum anaerobic fermentation for 60 days.

[0021] The composite bacterial agent is composed of a nitrogen source (urea), Bacillus subtilis, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria. The ratio of Bacillus subtilis to lactic acid bacteria is 1:1. The amount of urea added is 1% of the dry matter content. The amount of yeast added is calculated according to the same principle as the number of live bacteria added to the composite bacterial agent. The amount of the composite bacterial agent added is 1x10 9 cfu / g The above sweet potato residue Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, the feed after mixing sweet potato residue and corn stalks is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the sweet potato residue used in the present invention is provided by the sweet potato starch processing plant of Zhongshu Group in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, with a moisture content of 86%. The corn stalks are provided by Zhisheng Cattle Farm in Tang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. The dry stalks are cut into segments with a length of about 3-5 cm and a moisture content of 10%. The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples.

[0022] Example 1 The method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues in the present embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: (1) Mix sweet potato residue and corn stalks in a ratio of 2:1, control the moisture content of the materials at 65%, add an appropriate amount of nitrogen source, mix Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and yeast evenly, spray them into the mixed materials, and mix them evenly.

[0023] (2) During the fermentation process, the fermentation bag should be placed at an ambient temperature of around 25°C. It should be waterproof and rodent-proof, and checked for leaks or mold. After 45 days of fermentation, the bag can be opened for inspection. The effect of the fermentation material can be judged by its smell, texture, color and other indicators. High-quality fermentation material has a sour but not pungent smell, a soft texture, and a color that is not much different from the raw material color. If it is moldy, smelly, or sticky, it is not suitable for feeding.

[0024] Among them, the advantage of adding nitrogen source is that the protein content of sweet potato residue itself is relatively low, and supplementing nitrogen source can improve the nutritional value of micro-storage feed.

[0025] The advantage of adding Bacillus subtilis is that after entering the animal digestive system, Bacillus subtilis can form compounds such as antimicrobial peptides to control the growth of harmful pathogens such as Salmonella. At the same time, it promotes the metabolic reproduction process of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and significantly increases their number.

[0026] The advantage of adding lactic acid bacteria is that it can metabolize carbohydrates in silage into organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, lower the pH, inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms, and reduce protein and dry matter losses, thereby improving the silage fermentation quality and extending the shelf life of silage.

[0027] The advantage of adding yeast is that it can improve the flavor of feed, and the metabolic complementarity mechanism of lactic acid bacteria and yeast enables microorganisms to grow even in a fermentation environment with relatively scarce nutrients, making the fermentation process of complex systems more efficient, stable and controllable.

[0028] The data comparison between the fermented feed prepared by the method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues in Example 1 and the control group is shown in Table 1.

[0029]

[0030] As shown in Table 1, the fermented feed prepared by the specific sweet potato residue micro-storage method of the present invention has significantly higher crude protein, dry matter, crude ash and crude fat content than the control group, and the neutral detergent fiber content is reduced, indicating that the micro-storage process effectively improves the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed. Although the differences in pH value and acidic detergent fiber are not significant, the significant increase in lactic acid content suggests the enhancement of lactic acid bacteria fermentation. In summary, the above method adopted by the present invention has a positive effect on improving the growth performance and feed utilization of animals.

[0031] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Put sweet potato residue and corn stalks into a blender according to the proportion and mix well; (2) During the mixing process, add the composite bacterial agent and spray evenly; (3) The evenly mixed fermented material is put into a fermentation bag and subjected to vacuum anaerobic fermentation to obtain fermented feed.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (1), the ratio is calculated by detecting the moisture content of sweet potato residue and corn stalks and taking the total moisture content as 65%.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the composite bacterial agent includes a nitrogen source, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nitrogen source in the composite bacterial agent is urea, the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to lactic acid bacteria is 1:1, the amount of urea added is 1% of the dry matter weight, and the amount of yeast added is converted according to the same principle as the number of live bacteria added in the composite bacterial agent.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the amount of the composite bacterial agent added is 1x10 9 cfu / g.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the fermentation temperature of the vacuum anaerobic fermentation is 25°C-30°C, and the fermentation time is 60 days.

7. A fermented feed prepared by the method for micro-storage of sweet potato residues according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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