Saline-alkali soil improvement method based on low-salt organic material

Abstract

The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method based on a low-salt organic material. The method comprises six steps of saline-alkali soil detection, organic material selection, organic material pretreatment, organic material application, soil irrigation and soil pH value adjustment. According to the steps of organic material pretreatment and organic material application, it is ensured that the saline-alkali soil fertilization improvement effect is good, the method has the advantage of being good in improvement effect, and the problems that in the using process of an existing saline-alkali soil improvement method, in the using process, low-salt organic materials are inconvenient to efficiently improve the saline-alkali soil, and the soil quality is poor are solved. The problems that if low-salt organic materials cannot be fully utilized, the soil improvement effect may not be obvious, soil salinity cannot be effectively reduced, the soil structure cannot be effectively improved, supplement of the organic materials is lacked, the organic matter content of the soil is difficult to increase, and the fertility and the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil are affected are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a saline-alkali land soil improvement method based on low-salt organic materials. Background Art

[0002] Soil improvement refers to the technology of improving soil properties through physical, chemical or biological methods to enhance its fertility, structure, aeration, water retention and drainage capacity, thereby promoting plant growth. Soil improvement includes physical improvement, chemical improvement and biological improvement.

[0003] Soil improvement in saline-alkali land is also a type of soil improvement. It is a complex and long-term task that faces many technical problems and challenges. Salt in saline-alkali land easily rises to the surface with water, especially in the dry season. Salt concentration will seriously affect crop growth. Although leaching is an effective way to reduce salt, it is difficult to implement in water-scarce areas or areas with poor drainage. Saline-alkali land often has a compact soil structure and poor aeration, which affects root growth. Measures need to be taken during the improvement process to improve soil structure and increase porosity. Saline-alkali land usually has a low organic matter content, which affects soil fertility. It is necessary to gradually increase the organic matter content by applying organic materials.

[0004] The saline-alkali land soil improvement method based on low-salt organic materials usually refers to the use of low-salt or salt-free organic materials to improve the soil conditions of saline-alkali land. The core of this method is to improve the structural quality of the soil, increase the organic matter content in the soil, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil by adding organic materials, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the degree of soil salinization. Organic materials include agricultural waste, urban organic waste, animal manure and industrial by-products. These organic materials will produce organic acids during the decomposition process, which helps to neutralize the alkaline substances in the soil, promote the release of insoluble nutrients in the soil, and improve soil fertility. In addition, organic materials can also help improve soil structure, increase soil porosity, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, which is conducive to the leaching and discharge of salt.

[0005] The existing saline-alkali land soil improvement methods are not convenient for using low-salt organic materials to efficiently improve saline-alkali land soil. If the low-salt organic materials cannot be fully utilized, the effect of improving the soil may not be obvious, and the soil salinity cannot be effectively reduced and the soil structure cannot be improved. Moreover, due to the lack of organic material supplementation, the organic matter content of the soil is difficult to increase, which affects the soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0006] The limitations and shortcomings of the existing technology are that the utilization efficiency of low-salt organic materials is low, and the salt control is not ideal. In the existing methods, the amount of low-salt organic materials added is limited, and it is difficult to effectively reduce soil salinity, and the improvement effect is not lasting. The decomposition rate of low-salt organic materials is slow, and it is difficult to significantly improve the soil structure and fertility in a short period of time. It is difficult to increase the soil organic matter content. The supply of high-quality low-salt organic materials is insufficient, which limits large-scale application. The decomposition rate of organic matter is slow. The decomposition rate of low-salt organic materials in saline-alkali land is slow, and it is difficult to quickly increase the soil organic matter content. The existing physical improvement measures (such as deep plowing and soil import method) have limited effects and it is difficult to comprehensively improve the soil structure. Long-term reliance on chemical improvers (such as lime and gypsum) may lead to soil compaction and destruction of ecological balance.

[0007] The present invention has the advantages equivalent to those of the prior art, and efficiently utilizes low-salt organic materials. By adding specific biological enzymes, the decomposition of low-salt organic materials is accelerated, and the utilization rate and improvement effect thereof are improved. Low-salt composite organic materials are developed, and a variety of organic substances are combined to increase the content of soil organic matter and the improvement effect. A comprehensive improvement plan is formulated by combining physical, chemical and biological methods, and the soil structure, fertility and salinity are comprehensively improved. Salt-alkali-tolerant beneficial microorganisms are introduced to promote the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient circulation in the soil, and soil fertility is enhanced. Waste and organic garbage are utilized to produce low-salt organic materials, and the cost is reduced and the organic matter content is increased. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a saline-alkali land soil improvement method based on low-salt organic materials, which has the advantage of good improvement effect and solves the problem that the existing saline-alkali land soil improvement method is not convenient to use low-salt organic materials to efficiently improve the saline-alkali land soil during use. If the low-salt organic materials cannot be fully utilized, the effect of improving the soil may not be obvious, and the soil salinity cannot be effectively reduced and the soil structure cannot be improved. In addition, due to the lack of supplementation of organic materials, the organic matter content of the soil is difficult to increase, which affects the fertility of the soil and the water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0009] Additional information on scalability:

[0010] Adaptable to different soil types;

[0011] Sandy soil: Sandy soil has good aeration but poor water retention capacity. You can increase the application of organic materials to improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0012] Clay soil: Clay soil has poor aeration but strong water retention capacity. The application amount of organic materials can be appropriately reduced, and the focus should be on improving soil structure and increasing aeration.

[0013] Loam soil: Loam soil is between sandy and clay, and the type and application amount of organic materials can be flexibly adjusted according to specific test results.

[0014] Adapt to different environmental conditions;

[0015] Arid areas: In arid areas, focus on solving water problems and adopt water-saving irrigation technologies, such as drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation, to reduce water evaporation and improve water use efficiency.

[0016] Wet areas: In wet areas, pay attention to drainage issues to avoid excessive soil moisture that can lead to salt accumulation. Set up drainage ditches or drainage pipes to ensure good drainage conditions.

[0017] Cold areas: In cold areas, the decomposition of organic materials is slow. Greenhouses or mulching technology can be used to increase the ground temperature and promote the decomposition of organic materials.

[0018] Adapt to different crop needs;

[0019] Salt-alkali tolerant crops: For salt-alkali tolerant crops, such as halophytes, the application amount of organic materials can be appropriately reduced, and the focus should be on improving soil structure and aeration.

[0020] Conventional crops: For conventional crops, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the fertility, structure and salinity of the soil to ensure normal growth of crops.

[0021] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials, comprising the following steps:

[0022] S1. Soil testing of saline-alkali land: First, conduct a comprehensive test of the soil in saline-alkali land, including soil pH, salt content and organic matter content, so as to accurately assess the degree of soil salinization and improvement needs;

[0023] S2. Selection of organic materials: select low-salt organic materials based on soil test results;

[0024] S3, pretreatment of organic materials, composting the selected organic materials to make them fully decomposed to reduce pathogens and lower the salt content;

[0025] S4, applying organic materials, applying the treated organic materials evenly into the soil, and turning the organic materials into the soil layer through the tillage equipment during the application process, so that the organic materials and the soil are fully mixed;

[0026] S5. Soil irrigation: After the organic materials are applied, the soil is irrigated with fresh water to help wash away the excess salt in the soil;

[0027] S6. Adjust the soil pH value. After irrigation is completed, test the soil pH value again. If the soil pH value is too high or too low, adjust the pH value by adding sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder to make the soil close to neutral.

[0028] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when detecting the soil pH value in S1, multiple samples are collected from different locations of the saline-alkali land, mixed evenly and used as analysis samples, the soil sample is mixed with deionized water in a ratio of 1:5, shaken and left to stand for a period of time to allow soil particles to settle, a pH meter is inserted into the supernatant, and data is recorded after the reading stabilizes.

[0029] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when detecting the soil salt content in S1, multiple soil samples are collected from different positions and mixed evenly, the soil samples are mixed with distilled water, shaken and allowed to stand, and the conductivity of the extract is measured using a conductivity meter, and then converted into salt content.

[0030] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when detecting the soil organic matter content index in S1, the soil sample is ground to remove impurities such as stones and plant residues, the treated soil sample is mixed with a potassium dichromate solution, heated under certain conditions to oxidize the organic matter, and then the organic carbon content is calculated by titrating the remaining potassium dichromate.

[0031] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when selecting organic materials in S2, one or more of kitchen waste, green manure crops, animal manure, straw, shell waste, branches, leaves, sawdust, sludge, molasses and distiller's grains are selected.

[0032] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when the composting treatment is performed in S3, composting equipment is used for composting, and the composting equipment includes a temperature control system, an exhaust system, a stirring system, a humidification system, a control system, a composting container, a transmission system and a drainage system. The selected organic materials are placed in the composting container according to a certain proportion, and the driving motor, the transmission system and the stirring system are used to mix the organic materials. During the mixing process, the humidification system performs preliminary humidification on the organic materials. After the humidification is completed, the temperature control system heats the composting container to ensure that the decomposition of the organic materials is accelerated within a suitable temperature range. The ventilation system provides sufficient oxygen supply to promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition rate of the organic materials. The drainage system is used to discharge excess moisture to prevent the compost material from being too wet.

[0033] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, the tillage equipment in S4 includes a plow body, a plowshare, a plow wall, a plow wing, a tractor interface and an adjusting device. The plow wall connects the tractor interface and the plow body, and the plow wing is installed at the tail of the plow body to control the tillage width. When tilling the soil, the tractor interface is connected to the tractor, the operator starts the tractor, and adjusts the tillage equipment to the required working depth. As the tractor moves forward, the plowshare of the plow body cuts into the soil. During the movement of the plow body, the cut-in soil slides upward along its curved surface and is turned to one side, bringing the lower soil to the surface, while the surface soil is pushed to the other side. The tillage equipment is composed of multiple plow bodies to form a continuous tillage belt. Each plow body is responsible for turning over a certain width of soil. The angle of the plow body and the tillage depth are changed by the adjusting device to adapt to different soil conditions and tillage requirements.

[0034] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when irrigating the soil in S5, a soil moisture detection device is used to detect the moisture of the soil in real time. The soil moisture detection device includes a resistive soil moisture sensor, a detection controller, a communication module, a solar power generation mechanism, a power distribution mechanism and a battery. The solar power generation mechanism converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery through the power distribution mechanism. The battery controls the detection controller, the resistive soil moisture sensor and the communication module through the power distribution mechanism. The resistive soil moisture sensor detects the moisture of the soil, and the detection signal is transmitted to the detection controller. The detection controller processes the detection data and transmits the processed soil moisture data to the cloud server through the communication module. The cloud server is provided with an irrigation control system, and the irrigation control system controls the irrigation device according to the detection signal.

[0035] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when irrigating the soil in S5, an irrigation device is used for irrigation, and the irrigation device includes a water pump, a delivery pipe, a self-rotating nozzle, a filtering device and a controller. The controller controls the water pump, and the water pump extracts water from the water source through the filtering device. The filtering device filters impurities in the water to prevent the impurities from clogging the irrigation device. The extracted water is delivered to the nozzle through the delivery pipe. The delivery pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The water first enters the main pipe, then enters several branch pipes, and finally enters the self-rotating nozzle through the branch pipe. The self-rotating nozzle disperses the water flow into fine water droplets or mist, and sprays it on the soil. The self-rotating nozzle can rotate at multiple angles to evenly distribute the water on the soil.

[0036] As a preferred method for improving saline-alkali land soil based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention, when adding sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder in S6, an automatic adding device is used, and the automatic adding device includes a soil pH value detection module, a data acquisition unit, a control system and a material storage module. The soil pH value detection module detects the soil pH value in real time, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the soil pH value detection module to transmit the detection data to the control system. The control system controls the material storage module. The material storage module is divided into two independent storage boxes, which store sulfuric acid powder and limestone powder respectively. A metering device is installed at the outlet of the storage box. The metering device accurately controls the amount of material added according to the instructions of the control system. A conveying device is installed at the discharge end of the metering device. The conveying device is a screw conveyor for conveying the material from the storage box to the spraying device. The spraying device sprays the material into the soil, and then a rotary tiller is used to mix the soil and the material. The rotary tiller shreds the soil through a number of rotating blades and mixes the material into the soil.

[0037] When handling organic materials, ensure that they are fully decomposed to reduce the presence of pathogens and harmful microorganisms. Conduct microbial testing regularly to ensure the safety of compost products and avoid using organic materials containing heavy metals or other harmful chemicals. When selecting organic materials, conduct component testing. When using composting equipment, ensure that operators are trained, familiar with the operating procedures of the equipment, and wear necessary personal protective equipment to prevent dust and odor from causing harm to the human body.

[0038] When using soil improvement chemicals, choose low-toxic and low-residue soil improvement chemicals, avoid using chemicals that are harmful to the environment and human body, use soil improvement chemicals strictly according to the recommended dosage, avoid excessive use that may cause soil compaction or environmental pollution, and when using chemicals, operators must wear appropriate personal protective equipment to prevent chemicals from contacting the skin or being inhaled into the respiratory tract. Chemicals should be stored in a dry, ventilated, and cool place, away from fire and heat sources, to prevent leakage and accidents.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The present invention maintains a suitable temperature through a temperature control system, which can accelerate the decomposition process of organic materials and shorten the composting cycle. The ventilation system provides sufficient oxygen, which is conducive to the reproduction and activity of aerobic microorganisms, thereby accelerating the decomposition rate of organic materials. The stirring system ensures that the organic materials are evenly mixed during the composting process to avoid local hypoxia or uneven temperature, thereby ensuring the consistency of compost quality. The humidification system can provide appropriate humidity at the beginning of composting to keep the organic materials in the best decomposition state and avoid being too dry or too wet. Under high temperature conditions, pathogens and parasite eggs will be killed, thereby reducing the risk of disease transmission. Through the microbial activity during the composting process, some organic pollutants can be degraded to improve the safety of composting. The drainage system can discharge excess water to prevent composting materials from It is too moist and helps to remove some salt and reduce the salt content of the compost. Through humidification and drainage, the salt in the organic material can be diluted to reduce its content to a level suitable for plant growth. The control system can realize automatic monitoring and adjustment of parameters such as temperature, humidity, and oxygen level, simplify the operating process, and reduce labor intensity. By centrally processing organic materials, it is convenient for unified management and improves the organizational efficiency of compost production. Under suitable conditions, organic materials can be converted into stable organic matter more quickly, thereby improving the nutritional value of compost and the soil improvement effect. The organic matter in the compost can improve the soil structure, increase the soil's granular structure, and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. Through closed composting equipment, the odor and dust generated during the composting process can be reduced, reducing environmental pollution.

[0041] 2. The present invention can turn the soil by using the tillage equipment to break the soil compaction layer, increase the soil permeability, and be beneficial to the breathing and growth of plant roots. Turning the soil helps to form a good soil aggregate structure and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. The tillage equipment can evenly distribute organic materials in the soil to ensure that the organic materials are fully mixed with the soil and improve the soil fertility. Turning the soil can evenly distribute the nutrients in the organic materials into the soil, which is beneficial to plant absorption and utilization. The tillage equipment is usually composed of multiple plow bodies to form a continuous tillage belt. Each plow body is responsible for turning the soil of a certain width, thereby realizing continuous operation and improving tillage efficiency. The angle of the plow body and the tillage depth can be changed by the adjustment device so that Soil turning equipment can adapt to different soil conditions and farming requirements and improve work efficiency. By turning the soil, the soil with higher salt content in the surface layer can be turned to the lower layer, and the soil with lower salt content in the lower layer can be brought to the surface, which helps to optimize the salt distribution in the soil. After turning the soil, the soil structure becomes loose, which is conducive to the leaching of salt in the subsequent irrigation process and reduces soil salinization. The good soil structure formed after turning the soil provides a suitable growth environment for plants, which is conducive to root development and nutrient absorption. Turning the soil can turn the sources of diseases and pests on the soil surface to the lower layer, reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests. The soil becomes looser after turning the soil, which is conducive to the operation of the seeder. The soil is soft after turning the soil, which is conducive to subsequent fertilization operations and ensures that the fertilizer is evenly distributed.

[0042] 3. The present invention can monitor soil moisture in real time by using a soil moisture detection device to ensure accurate control of irrigation volume and avoid over-irrigation or under-irrigation. Through the irrigation control system in the cloud server, the working state of the irrigation device can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time detection data to achieve precise irrigation. Through the automatic control system, the irrigation device can be automatically started and stopped according to the soil moisture to avoid waste of water resources. The filtering device can remove impurities in the water to prevent nozzle clogging and ensure the normal operation of the irrigation system. The self-rotating nozzle can rotate at multiple angles to evenly distribute water on the soil to avoid local over-wetting or over-drying. The nozzle disperses the water flow into fine water droplets or mist, which is conducive to the penetration of water into the soil. In the soil, it reduces water evaporation loss. Through irrigation, it can help wash away excess salt in the soil and improve the salinization of the soil. Water helps decompose organic materials and improve soil fertility. The controller controls the water pump to achieve automated irrigation, saving manpower and time. Through multi-stage transportation of main pipes and branch pipes, it can cover a larger irrigation area and improve irrigation efficiency. The filter device can effectively remove impurities in the water, reduce damage to irrigation equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. Through water pumps and filters, a stable supply of irrigation water can be ensured to avoid damage to equipment due to unstable water supply. The solar power generation mechanism converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is environmentally friendly and energy-saving and reduces carbon emissions.

[0043] 4. The addition of organic materials and soil improvement of the present invention may have the following effects on the surrounding environment. The addition of organic materials can increase the microbial diversity in the soil and promote the health of the soil ecosystem. The use of sulfuric acid powder and limestone powder can adjust the soil pH value. The use of agricultural waste as organic material can reduce the accumulation and incineration of waste and reduce environmental pollution. The economic benefit analysis is as follows: the improved soil can increase crop yield and quality and increase farmers' income. After the saline-alkali land is improved, the value and utilization rate of the land are improved, which can attract more investment, reduce the use of fertilizers and pesticides, reduce environmental pollution, and enhance ecological benefits. The potential market applications are as follows: it is suitable for the improvement of various types of saline-alkali land, especially in arid and semi-arid areas and coastal areas, can be used for urban greening and landscape construction, improve soil quality and plant growth, and is suitable for the ecological restoration of degraded land, restore the function of the ecosystem, meet the standards of organic agriculture, and improve the market competitiveness of agricultural products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] See also Figure 1 A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on low-salt organic materials comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Soil testing in saline-alkali land: First, conduct a comprehensive test on the soil in saline-alkali land, including soil pH, salt content and organic matter content indicators, so as to accurately assess the degree of soil salinization and improvement needs.

[0047] When testing the soil pH value in S1, multiple samples were collected from different locations in the saline-alkali land, mixed evenly and used as analysis samples. The soil sample was mixed with deionized water in a ratio of 1:5, shaken and left to stand for 30 minutes to allow the soil particles to settle. The pH meter was inserted into the supernatant and the data was recorded after the reading stabilized.

[0048] When testing the soil salt content in S1, multiple soil samples were collected from different locations and mixed evenly. The soil samples were mixed with distilled water, shaken and left to stand for 30 minutes. The conductivity of the extract was measured using a conductivity meter and then converted into salt content.

[0049] When testing the soil organic matter content index in S1, the soil sample was ground to remove impurities such as stones and plant residues. The treated soil sample was mixed with potassium dichromate solution, heated at 180°C for 10 minutes to oxidize the organic matter, and the remaining potassium dichromate was titrated with 0.1 mol / L ferrous sulfate solution to calculate the organic carbon content.

[0050] By testing the soil pH value, we can understand the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. The pH test results can be used to guide whether it is necessary to add acid-base agents to adjust the soil pH value to make it close to the range suitable for plant growth. When the pH value is appropriate, the nutrients in organic materials are more easily absorbed and utilized by plants, thereby improving the improvement effect. By testing the salt content, the degree of soil salinization can be evaluated to determine whether leaching and other measures are needed to reduce the salt content. Organic matter content is an important indicator for measuring soil fertility. A higher organic matter content means better soil fertility, which is conducive to plant growth. By testing the organic matter content, the amount of organic material required for soil improvement can be determined to avoid waste caused by excessive application or poor improvement results caused by insufficient application. During the improvement process, regular testing of organic matter content can help evaluate the effectiveness of improvement measures and adjust the improvement plan in a timely manner.

[0051] S2. Selection of organic materials: Choose low-salt organic materials based on soil test results.

[0052] When selecting organic materials in S2, one or more of kitchen waste, green manure crops, animal manure, straw, shell waste, branches, leaves, wood chips, sludge, molasses and distiller's grains are selected.

[0053] S3. Pretreatment of organic materials: composting the selected organic materials to make them fully decomposed to reduce pathogens and lower the salt content.

[0054] When composting is carried out in S3, composting equipment is used for composting. The composting equipment includes a temperature control system, an exhaust system, a stirring system, a humidification system, a control system, a composting container, a transmission system and a drainage system. The selected organic materials are placed in the composting container according to a certain proportion, and the motor, the transmission system and the stirring system are driven to mix the organic materials. During the mixing process, the humidification system performs preliminary humidification on the organic materials. After the humidification is completed, the temperature control system heats the composting container to ensure that the decomposition of the organic materials is accelerated within a suitable temperature range. The ventilation system provides sufficient oxygen supply to promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition rate of the organic materials. The drainage system is used to discharge excess water to prevent the composting materials from being too wet.

[0055] The composting temperature is maintained at 55-65℃ for at least 5 days to kill pathogens and weed seeds. The humidity of the composting material is maintained at 50-60% to promote microbial activity. Ventilation is carried out every 24 hours to ensure that the composting material is fully oxygenated. Stirring is carried out every 3-5 days to ensure that the organic materials are evenly mixed. The composting cycle is generally 4-6 weeks until the organic materials are fully decomposed.

[0056] Maintaining a suitable temperature through the temperature control system can accelerate the decomposition process of organic materials and shorten the composting cycle. The ventilation system provides sufficient oxygen, which is conducive to the reproduction and activity of aerobic microorganisms, thereby accelerating the decomposition rate of organic materials. The stirring system ensures that the organic materials are evenly mixed during the composting process to avoid local hypoxia or uneven temperature, thereby ensuring the consistency of compost quality. The humidification system can provide appropriate humidity in the early stage of composting to keep the organic materials in the best decomposition state and avoid being too dry or too wet. Under high temperature conditions, pathogens and parasite eggs will be killed, thereby reducing the risk of disease transmission. Through the microbial activity during the composting process, some organic pollutants can be degraded to improve the safety of composting. The drainage system can drain excess water to prevent the composting materials from being too wet. It can moisturize the soil and remove some salt, thus reducing the salt content of the compost. By humidifying and draining water, the salt in the organic material can be diluted to a level suitable for plant growth. The control system can automatically monitor and adjust parameters such as temperature, humidity and oxygen level, simplify the operation process and reduce labor intensity. By centrally processing organic materials, it is convenient for unified management and improves the organizational efficiency of compost production. Under suitable conditions, organic materials can be converted into stable organic matter more quickly, thus improving the nutritional value of compost and the soil improvement effect. The organic matter in the compost can improve the soil structure, increase the soil aggregate structure and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. The closed composting equipment can reduce the odor and dust generated during the composting process and reduce environmental pollution.

[0057] S4. Apply organic materials. Apply the processed organic materials evenly into the soil. During the application process, use tillage equipment to turn the organic materials into the soil layer to fully mix the organic materials with the soil.

[0058] The tillage equipment in S4 includes a plow body, a plowshare, a plow wall, a plow wing, a tractor interface and an adjusting device. The plow wall connects the tractor interface and the plow body, and the plow wing is installed at the tail of the plow body to control the tillage width. When tilling the soil, the tractor interface is connected to the tractor, and the operator starts the tractor and adjusts the tillage equipment to the required working depth. As the tractor moves forward, the plow share of the plow body cuts into the soil. During the movement of the plow body, the cut-in soil slides upward along its curved surface and is turned to one side, bringing the lower soil to the surface, while the surface soil is pushed to the other side. The tillage equipment is composed of multiple plow bodies to form a continuous tillage belt. Each plow body is responsible for turning over a certain width of soil. The angle of the plow body and the tillage depth are changed by the adjusting device to adapt to different soil conditions and tillage requirements.

[0059] Apply 2-3 tons of processed organic material per mu, and turn the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm to ensure that the organic material is fully mixed with the soil.

[0060] By using tillage equipment, the soil can be turned over to break the compacted layer of the soil, increase the aeration of the soil, and facilitate the breathing and growth of plant roots. Turning the soil helps to form a good soil aggregate structure and improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer. The organic material can be evenly distributed in the soil through tillage equipment to ensure that the organic material is fully mixed with the soil and improve soil fertility. Tillage can make the nutrients in the organic material evenly distributed in the soil, which is beneficial for plant absorption and utilization. Tillage equipment is usually composed of multiple plow bodies to form a continuous tillage belt. Each plow body is responsible for turning a certain width of soil, thereby realizing continuous operation and improving tillage efficiency. The angle of the plow body and the tillage depth can be changed through the adjustment device to make the tillage The equipment can adapt to different soil conditions and farming requirements and improve work efficiency. By turning the soil, the soil with higher salt content in the surface layer can be turned to the lower layer, and the soil with lower salt content in the lower layer can be brought to the surface, which helps to optimize the salt distribution in the soil. After turning the soil, the soil structure becomes loose, which is conducive to the leaching of salt in the subsequent irrigation process and reduces soil salinization. The good soil structure formed after turning the soil provides a suitable growth environment for plants, which is conducive to root development and nutrient absorption. Turning the soil can turn the sources of diseases and pests on the soil surface to the lower layer, reducing the occurrence of diseases and pests. The soil becomes looser after turning the soil, which is conducive to the operation of the seeder. The soil is soft after turning the soil, which is conducive to subsequent fertilization operations and ensures that the fertilizer is evenly distributed.

[0061] S5. Soil irrigation: After the organic material is applied, use fresh water to irrigate the soil to help wash away excess salt in the soil.

[0062] When the soil is irrigated in S5, a soil moisture detection device is used to detect the soil moisture in real time. The soil moisture detection device includes a resistive soil moisture sensor, a detection controller, a communication module, a solar power generation mechanism, a power distribution mechanism and a battery. The solar power generation mechanism converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery through the power distribution mechanism. The battery controls the detection controller, the resistive soil moisture sensor and the communication module through the power distribution mechanism. The resistive soil moisture sensor detects the soil moisture, and the detection signal is transmitted to the detection controller. The detection controller processes the detection data and transmits the processed soil moisture data to the cloud server through the communication module. The cloud server is provided with an irrigation control system, and the irrigation control system controls the irrigation device according to the detection signal.

[0063] When the soil is irrigated in S5, an irrigation device is used for irrigation. The irrigation device includes a water pump, a delivery pipe, a self-rotating nozzle, a filtering device and a controller. The controller controls the water pump. The water pump extracts water from the water source through the filtering device. The filtering device filters impurities in the water to prevent the impurities from clogging the irrigation device. The extracted water is delivered to the nozzle through the delivery pipe. The delivery pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The water first enters the main pipe, then enters several branch pipes, and finally enters the self-rotating nozzle through the branch pipe. The self-rotating nozzle disperses the water flow into fine water droplets or mist, and sprays it on the soil. The self-rotating nozzle can rotate at multiple angles to evenly distribute the water on the soil.

[0064] The irrigation volume is 20-30 cubic meters per mu each time. According to the soil moisture detection results, irrigation is carried out 1-2 times a week. A resistive soil moisture sensor is used to monitor the soil moisture in real time to ensure that the soil moisture is between 20-30%. The irrigation control system in the cloud server automatically adjusts the working status of the irrigation device according to the real-time detection data to achieve precise irrigation. A filtering device is used to remove impurities in the water to prevent nozzle clogging.

[0065] The soil moisture detection device can monitor soil moisture in real time to ensure accurate control of irrigation volume and avoid over-irrigation or under-irrigation. Through the irrigation control system in the cloud server, the working state of the irrigation device can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time detection data to achieve precise irrigation. Through the automatic control system, the irrigation device can be automatically started and stopped according to the soil moisture to avoid waste of water resources. The filter device can remove impurities in the water to prevent nozzle clogging and ensure the normal operation of the irrigation system. The self-rotating nozzle can rotate at multiple angles to evenly distribute water on the soil to avoid local over-wetting or over-drying. The nozzle disperses the water flow into fine droplets or mist, which is conducive to the penetration of water into the soil. Reduce water evaporation loss. Through irrigation, it can help wash away excess salt in the soil and improve the salinization of the soil. Water helps decompose organic materials and improve soil fertility. The controller controls the water pump to achieve automated irrigation, saving manpower and time. Through multi-stage transportation of main pipes and branch pipes, it can cover a larger irrigation area and improve irrigation efficiency. The filter device can effectively remove impurities in the water, reduce damage to irrigation equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. Through water pumps and filters, a stable supply of irrigation water can be ensured to avoid damage to equipment due to unstable water supply. The solar power generation mechanism converts solar energy into electrical energy, which is environmentally friendly and energy-saving and reduces carbon emissions.

[0066] S6. Adjust the soil pH value. After irrigation is completed, test the soil pH value again. If the soil pH value is too high or too low, adjust the pH value by adding sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder to make the soil close to neutral.

[0067] When sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder is added in S6, an automatic adding device is used. The automatic adding device includes a soil pH value detection module, a data acquisition unit, a control system and a material storage module. The soil pH value detection module detects the soil pH value in real time. The data acquisition unit is connected to the soil pH value detection module to transmit the detection data to the control system. The control system controls the material storage module. The material storage module is divided into two independent storage boxes, which store sulfuric acid powder and limestone powder respectively. A metering device is installed at the outlet of the storage box. The metering device accurately controls the amount of material added according to the instructions of the control system. A conveying device is installed at the discharge end of the metering device. The conveying device is a screw conveyor for conveying materials from the storage box to the spraying device. The spraying device sprays the materials into the soil, and then a rotary tiller is used to mix the soil and the materials. The rotary tiller cuts the soil through a number of rotating blades and mixes the materials into the soil.

[0068] If the pH value exceeds 8.0, apply 100-150 kg of sulfuric acid powder per mu. If the pH value is lower than 6.5, apply 100-150 kg of limestone powder per mu.

[0069] The soil pH detection module can detect the pH value of the soil in real time to ensure that accurate pH data can be obtained at any time. The control system accurately controls the addition amount of sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder according to the real-time monitoring data to avoid excessive or insufficient addition. Through automatic addition equipment, the automatic operation of pH adjustment can be realized, which reduces the need for manual intervention and improves work efficiency. The control system can remotely monitor the changes in soil pH and adjust the addition amount as needed to facilitate management and maintenance. The spraying device can evenly spray the material into the soil to ensure that the pH value of each part of the soil can be effectively adjusted. The rotary tiller shreds the soil through rotating blades and mixes the material evenly into the soil to ensure that the soil and the material are fully combined. The automated equipment can quickly complete the pH adjustment work, which can significantly improve work efficiency compared to manual operation. The addition amount is accurately controlled by the metering device to reduce the error caused by human operation. Accurate addition amount control can reduce material waste and reduce improvement costs.

[0070] Experimental data

[0071] Experimental design

[0072] The location is a saline-alkali land experimental field with an area of ​​100 acres.

[0073] Soil type: slightly saline-alkali soil, pH 8.5, electrical conductivity (EC) 4.2dS / m, organic matter content 0.5%.

[0074] Improvement method: The improvement method of the present invention includes soil testing, organic material selection, organic material pretreatment, application of organic material, soil irrigation and soil pH adjustment.

[0075] Experimental procedures

[0076] S1 Soil testing: Collect multiple samples, mix them evenly, and then test the pH value, salt content and organic matter content.

[0077] S2 Organic material selection: Select kitchen waste, green manure crops and animal manure as organic materials.

[0078] S3 Organic material pretreatment: Use composting equipment to carry out composting treatment to ensure that the organic materials are fully decomposed.

[0079] S4 Application of organic materials: Apply the processed organic materials evenly into the soil, with an application rate of 2 tons per mu.

[0080] S5 Soil irrigation: Use fresh water for irrigation, with the irrigation volume being 20 cubic meters per mu each time.

[0081] S6 Adjust soil pH: After irrigation, test soil pH and find it is 8.2, slightly high. Apply an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid powder to adjust it.

[0082] Experimental Results

[0083] Soil pH: After improvement, the soil pH dropped to 7.5, close to neutral.

[0084] Salt content: After improvement, the soil electrical conductivity (EC) dropped to 2.0dS / m and the salt content was significantly reduced.

[0085] Organic matter content: After improvement, the soil organic matter content increased to 1.5%, a significant increase.

[0086] Crop growth: When wheat was grown on the improved soil, the wheat yield in the improved group increased by 30% compared to the unamended control group, and the plant height and root development were improved.

[0087] Case Studies

[0088] Saline-alkali land improvement

[0089] There is a large area of ​​saline-alkali land with a soil pH of 8.8, an electrical conductivity of 4.5dS / m and an organic matter content of 0.6%.

[0090] Method: The improved method of the present invention is adopted, green manure crops and animal excrement are selected as organic materials, and the composting treatment is performed before applying them to the soil.

[0091] result:

[0092] Soil pH: After amendment, the soil pH dropped to 7.6.

[0093] Salt content: After improvement, the soil conductivity dropped to 2.2dS / m.

[0094] Organic matter content: After improvement, the soil organic matter content increased to 1.6%.

[0095] Crop growth: The yield of corn planted on the improved land increased by 25%, and the plants grew stronger and had enhanced stress resistance.

[0096] Through the above experimental data and case studies, it can be clearly seen that the saline-alkali land soil improvement method based on low-salt organic materials of the present invention shows remarkable effects in practical applications. This method can effectively reduce soil pH and salt content, increase soil organic matter content, and promote crop growth, and has high practicality.

[0097] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving saline-alkali soil based on low-salt organic materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Soil testing of saline-alkali land: First, conduct a comprehensive test of the soil in saline-alkali land, including soil pH, salt content and organic matter content, so as to accurately assess the degree of soil salinization and improvement needs; S2. Selection of organic materials: select low-salt organic materials based on soil test results; S3, pretreatment of organic materials, composting the selected organic materials to make them fully decomposed to reduce pathogens and lower the salt content; S4, applying organic materials, applying the treated organic materials evenly into the soil, and turning the organic materials into the soil layer through the tillage equipment during the application process, so that the organic materials and the soil are fully mixed; S5. Soil irrigation: After the organic materials are applied, the soil is irrigated with fresh water to help wash away the excess salt in the soil; S6. Adjust the soil pH value. After irrigation is completed, test the soil pH value again. If the soil pH value is too high or too low, adjust the pH value by adding sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder to make the soil close to neutral.

2. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil pH value is detected in S1, multiple samples are collected from different locations of the saline-alkali land, mixed evenly and used as analysis samples. The soil sample is mixed with deionized water in a ratio of 1:5, shaken and left to stand for a period of time to allow soil particles to settle. A pH meter is inserted into the supernatant and data is recorded after the reading stabilizes.

3. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When detecting the soil salt content in S1, a plurality of soil samples are collected from different positions and mixed evenly, the soil sample is mixed with distilled water, shaken and then allowed to stand, and the conductivity of the extract is measured using a conductivity meter, and then converted into salt content.

4. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil organic matter content index is detected in S1, the soil sample is ground to remove impurities such as stones and plant residues, the treated soil sample is mixed with a potassium dichromate solution, heated under certain conditions to oxidize the organic matter, and then the organic carbon content is calculated by titrating the remaining potassium dichromate.

5. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When selecting organic materials in S2, one or more of kitchen waste, green manure crops, animal excrement, straw, shell waste, branches, leaves, wood chips, sludge, molasses and distiller's grains are selected.

6. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the composting treatment is performed in S3, composting equipment is used for composting, and the composting equipment includes a temperature control system, an exhaust system, a stirring system, a humidification system, a control system, a composting container, a transmission system and a drainage system. The selected organic materials are placed in the composting container according to a certain proportion, and the motor, the transmission system and the stirring system are driven to mix the organic materials. During the mixing process, the humidification system performs preliminary humidification on the organic materials. After the humidification is completed, the temperature control system heats the composting container to ensure that the decomposition of the organic materials is accelerated within a suitable temperature range. The ventilation system provides sufficient oxygen supply to promote the activity of aerobic microorganisms and accelerate the decomposition rate of the organic materials. The drainage system is used to discharge excess moisture to prevent the compost material from being too wet.

7. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage equipment in S4 includes a plow body, a plowshare, a plow wall, a plow wing, a tractor interface and an adjusting device. The plow wall connects the tractor interface and the plow body, and the plow wing is installed at the tail of the plow body to control the tillage width. When tilling the soil, the tractor interface is connected to the tractor, and the operator starts the tractor and adjusts the tillage equipment to the required working depth. As the tractor moves forward, the plow share of the plow body cuts into the soil. During the movement of the plow body, the cut-in soil slides upward along its curved surface and is turned to one side, bringing the lower soil to the surface, while the surface soil is pushed to the other side. The tillage equipment is composed of multiple plow bodies to form a continuous tillage belt. Each plow body is responsible for turning over a certain width of soil. The angle of the plow body and the tillage depth are changed by the adjusting device to adapt to different soil conditions and tillage requirements.

8. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil is irrigated in S5, a soil moisture detection device is used to detect the soil moisture in real time. The soil moisture detection device includes a resistive soil moisture sensor, a detection controller, a communication module, a solar power generation mechanism, a power distribution mechanism and a battery. The solar power generation mechanism converts solar energy into electrical energy and stores it in the battery through the power distribution mechanism. The battery controls the detection controller, the resistive soil moisture sensor and the communication module through the power distribution mechanism. The resistive soil moisture sensor detects the soil moisture, and the detection signal is transmitted to the detection controller. The detection controller processes the detection data and transmits the processed soil moisture data to the cloud server through the communication module. The cloud server is provided with an irrigation control system, and the irrigation control system controls the irrigation device according to the detection signal.

9. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the soil is irrigated in S5, an irrigation device is used for irrigation. The irrigation device includes a water pump, a delivery pipe, a self-rotating nozzle, a filtering device and a controller. The controller controls the water pump. The water pump extracts water from the water source through the filtering device. The filtering device filters impurities in the water to prevent the impurities from clogging the irrigation device. The extracted water is delivered to the nozzle through the delivery pipe. The delivery pipe includes a main pipe and a branch pipe. The water first enters the main pipe, then enters several branch pipes, and finally enters the self-rotating nozzle through the branch pipe. The self-rotating nozzle disperses the water flow into fine water droplets or mist, and sprays it on the soil. The self-rotating nozzle can rotate at multiple angles to evenly distribute the water on the soil.

10. The method for improving saline-alkali land based on low-salt organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: When adding sulfuric acid powder or limestone powder in S6, an automatic adding device is used, and the automatic adding device includes a soil pH value detection module, a data acquisition unit, a control system and a material storage module. The soil pH value detection module detects the soil pH value in real time, and the data acquisition unit is connected to the soil pH value detection module to transmit the detection data to the control system. The control system controls the material storage module. The material storage module is divided into two independent storage boxes, which respectively store sulfuric acid powder and limestone powder. A metering device is installed at the outlet of the storage box. The metering device accurately controls the addition amount of the material according to the instruction of the control system. A conveying device is installed at the discharge end of the metering device. The conveying device is a screw conveyor, which is used to convey the material from the storage box to the spraying device. The spraying device sprays the material into the soil, and then a rotary tiller is used to mix the soil and the material. The rotary tiller cuts the soil through a number of rotating blades and mixes the material into the soil.

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