Compound fertilizer for improving content of organic matters in soil as well as preparation method and application of compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content of soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing the content of organic matters in soil. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 70-80 parts of an organic fertilizer, 22-26 parts of straws, 5-9 parts of a curing agent, 2-3 parts of a water-retaining agent and 5-7 parts of a chemical fertilizer. The compound fertilizer provided by the invention is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acid, trace elements and other nutrients required by crops, can promote the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility, increases the content of soil organic matters, and is beneficial to high quality and high yield of crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content in soil, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The main crops grown in the black soil planting area are corn, followed by wheat and soybeans, as well as a small amount of potatoes, yams and other crops. The planting system is a one-crop-a-year system, mainly in the rotation of corn-soybean-spring wheat, corn-soybean-corn, etc. There is basically no farmland irrigation in the planting area, and farming is mainly mechanized.

[0003] Black soil planting areas are rich in organic matter, which is the core substance of soil fertility and an important indicator for soil quality and grade evaluation. Data from long-term positioning monitoring points in black soil areas from 1988 to 2016 showed that the soil organic matter content ranged from 18.7 to 41.2 g / kg, with an average of 30.3 g / kg, and the overall trend was stable and rising. From 1989 to 2001, the organic matter content remained basically unchanged, with no significant difference, and the average value was 25.6 g / kg; from 2002 to 2006, the organic matter content increased significantly, reaching 29.58 g / kg, with a growth rate of 15.55%; from 2007 to 2016, there was no significant change in the soil organic matter content, and the organic matter content fluctuated around 30.28 g / kg.

[0004] From the perspective of fertilization structure, the proportion of organic fertilizer application in the black soil area from 1988 to 2003 accounted for 26.15% to 63.53% of the total fertilizer application, which was much higher than other monitoring periods. After 2005, most monitoring points no longer applied organic fertilizer, while the application of chemical fertilizers increased year by year.

[0005] In the fertilization structure of the black soil area, the application amount of organic fertilizer has been continuously reduced from 40-60% (organic fertilizer / total fertilizer) in the early monitoring period. After 2001, organic fertilizer was basically no longer used, while the use of chemical fertilizers continued to increase. Although the fertilization methods have been continuously optimized, and the phosphorus-nitrogen ratio and potassium-nitrogen ratio in chemical fertilizers have been continuously updated and improved, the long-term application of inorganic fertilizers will still cause chemical nitrogen fertilizers to be converted into ammonium nitrogen in the soil in large quantities. The nitrification effect of ammonium nitrogen further causes soil acidification and a decrease in organic matter content. This will further lead to a decrease in the basic soil fertility in the black soil area, and ultimately affect grain production.

[0006] Therefore, how to provide a compound fertilizer that increases the organic matter content in the soil to solve the technical problem of farmers' dependence on chemical fertilizers and the decrease in the organic matter content in the soil in the prior art is an issue that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content in soil and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a compound fertilizer for increasing the content of soil organic matter, which is prepared by the following components by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 22-26 parts of straw, 5-9 parts of curing agent, 2-3 parts of water retaining agent and 5-7 parts of chemical fertilizer;

[0010] The organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, amino acid residue, with a mass ratio of 30-40:15-25:8-12:8-12:3-5;

[0011] The ripening agent includes: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas luteus, Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus;

[0012] The fertilizers include: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, borax, and the mass ratio is 12-16:8-12:6-10:2-3:1-2:1-2.

[0013] Preferably, the water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 1-3:3-1.

[0014] Preferably, the straw is corn straw or wheat straw.

[0015] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas lutea, Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus is 10-20:9-13:8-12:5-9:4-8:5-9;

[0016] Preferably, the bacterial content of the Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthocellomonas, Trichoderma koningii and Streptomyces lilacinus is 500-700 million / g, and the effective ingredient of Pythium oligandrum is 1-1.2 million spores / g. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the compound fertilizer, which comprises mixing organic fertilizer, straw, a maturation agent, a water retaining agent and a chemical fertilizer.

[0017] The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer in improving soil organic matter.

[0018] The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer in corn planting.

[0019] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is applied as basal fertilizer for corn.

[0020] Preferably, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg / mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The maturation agent provided by the present invention includes various types of strains, including strains that can improve soil, strains that can decompose macromolecular substances such as cellulose, etc., and the use of various types of beneficial bacteria can achieve the technical effects of maintaining soil moisture, increasing soil organic matter, improving soil physical properties, and creating and cultivating a good soil environment for crop growth. The maturation agent provided by the present invention also has the effect of promoting the decomposition of macromolecular substances, and can quickly degrade the macromolecular substances rich in rapeseed cakes and amino acid residues in organic fertilizers, and decompose them into small molecular substances, which can especially help degrade straw.

[0023] The organic fertilizer provided by the present invention adopts a variety of wastes, such as manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, and amino acid residue to form a new product rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter, amino acids and other nutrients. It can increase the content of nutrients and organic matter in compound fertilizers, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used in fertilizer production, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, increase the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizers, and improve crop yield and quality.

[0024] The compound fertilizer provided by the present invention is rich in nutrients required by various crops, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, amino acids, trace elements, etc., can promote the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility, increase the content of soil organic matter, and is conducive to the high quality and high yield of crops. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The invention provides a compound fertilizer for improving soil organic matter content, which is prepared by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 22-26 parts of straw, 5-9 parts of curing agent, 2-3 parts of water retaining agent and 5-7 parts of chemical fertilizer; preferably, the components are 72-78 parts of organic fertilizer, 23-25 ​​parts of straw, 6-8 parts of curing agent, 3 parts of water retaining agent and 6 parts of chemical fertilizer; further preferably, the components are 74-76 parts of organic fertilizer, 24 parts of straw, 7 parts of curing agent, 3 parts of water retaining agent and 6 parts of chemical fertilizer; more preferably, the components are 75 parts of organic fertilizer, 24 parts of straw, 7 parts of curing agent, 3 parts of water retaining agent and 6 parts of chemical fertilizer.

[0026] In the present invention, the organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, and amino acid residue, and the mass ratio is 30-40:15-25:8-12:8-12:3-5; preferably 32-38:17-23:9-11:9-11:4; further preferably 34-36:19-21:10:10:4; more preferably 35:20:10:10:4.

[0027] In the present invention, the maturation agent includes: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas lutea, Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus;

[0028] In the present invention, the fertilizer includes: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, borax, and the mass ratio is 12-16:8-12:6-10:2-3:1-2:1-2; preferably 13-15:9-11:7-9:3:2:2; further preferably 14:10:8:3:2:2.

[0029] In the present invention, the water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 1-3:3-1; preferably 2:3-1; and more preferably 1:1.

[0030] In the present invention, the straw is corn straw or wheat straw, preferably corn straw.

[0031] In the present invention, the mass ratio of the Bacillus licheniformis (Weifang Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), Candida utilis (CICC: 31268), Flavomonas spp. (Testo Biotechnology), Trichoderma koningii (Shanghai Bohu Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), Pythium oligandrum (Testo Biotechnology) and Streptomyces lilacinus (Testo Biotechnology) is 10-20:9-13:8-12:5-9:4-8:5-9; preferably 12-18:10-12:9-11:6-8:5-7:6-8; further preferably 13-17:11:10:7:6:7; more preferably 15:11:10:7:6:7.

[0032] In the present invention, the bacterial content of Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas luteolin, Trichoderma koningii, and Streptomyces lilacinus is 500 million to 700 million / g, preferably 600 million / g.

[0033] In the present invention, the effective ingredient of the Pythium oligandrum is 1 to 1.2 million spores / gram, preferably 1 million spores / gram.

[0034] The invention also provides a method for preparing the compound fertilizer, which comprises mixing organic fertilizer, straw, a ripening agent, a water retaining agent and a chemical fertilizer.

[0035] The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer in improving soil organic matter.

[0036] The invention also provides application of the compound fertilizer in corn planting.

[0037] In the present invention, the compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer for corn.

[0038] In the present invention, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 1000-1500 kg / mu; preferably 1100-1400 kg / mu; more preferably 1200-1300 kg / mu; more preferably 1200 kg / mu.

[0039] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] A compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content in soil, prepared from the following components by mass: 70 parts of organic fertilizer, 22 parts of corn stalks, 5 parts of a maturation agent, 2 parts of a water retaining agent, and 7 parts of a chemical fertilizer;

[0042] The organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, and amino acid residue, with a mass ratio of 30:15:8:8:3;

[0043] The maturation agent comprises: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas spp., Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus; the mass ratio is 10:9:8:5:4:5; the effective ingredient of Pythium oligandrum is 1 million spores / g, and the bacterial content of the other five bacteria is 500 million / g.

[0044] The fertilizers include: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, and borax, with a mass ratio of 12:8:6:2:1:1.

[0045] The water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0046] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is to mix organic fertilizer, straw, a ripening agent, a water retaining agent and a chemical fertilizer.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content in soil, prepared from the following components by mass: 80 parts of organic fertilizer, 26 parts of wheat straw, 9 parts of curing agent, 3 parts of water retaining agent and 5 parts of chemical fertilizer;

[0049] The organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, and amino acid residue, with a mass ratio of 40:25:12:12:5;

[0050] The maturation agent comprises: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas spp., Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus; the mass ratio is 20:13:12:9:8:9; the effective ingredient of Pythium oligandrum is 1 million spores / g, and the bacterial content of the other five bacteria is 700 million / g.

[0051] The fertilizers include: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, and borax, with a mass ratio of 16:12:10:3:2:2.

[0052] The water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0053] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is to mix organic fertilizer, straw, a ripening agent, a water retaining agent and a chemical fertilizer.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] A compound fertilizer for increasing the organic matter content in soil, prepared from the following components by mass: 75 parts of organic fertilizer, 24 parts of corn stalks, 7 parts of a maturation agent, 3 parts of a water retaining agent, and 6 parts of a chemical fertilizer;

[0056] The organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, and amino acid residue, with a mass ratio of 35:20:10:10:4;

[0057] The maturation agent comprises: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas spp., Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus; the mass ratio is 15:11:10:7:6:7; the effective ingredient of Pythium oligandrum is 1 million spores / g, and the bacterial content of the other five bacteria is 600 million / g.

[0058] The fertilizers include: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, and borax, with a mass ratio of 14:10:8:3:2:2.

[0059] The water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0060] The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is to mix organic fertilizer, straw, a ripening agent, a water retaining agent and a chemical fertilizer.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] A corn planting method comprises applying the compound fertilizer prepared in Example 1 as a base fertilizer before planting the corn, with an application amount of 1000 kg / mu.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] A corn planting method comprises applying the compound fertilizer prepared in Example 2 as a base fertilizer before planting the corn, with an application amount of 1500 kg / mu.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] A corn planting method comprises applying the compound fertilizer prepared in Example 3 as a base fertilizer before planting the corn, with an application amount of 1200 kg / mu.

[0067] Experimental Example 1

[0068] The experimental area was Keshan County, located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province, with a cold temperate continental monsoon climate, an average annual temperature of 2.4°C, an effective accumulated temperature of 2400°C, a frost-free period of about 122 days, rain and heat in the same season, rainfall concentrated in June, July and August, and an average annual precipitation of about 500 mm. The corn variety was Huihuang 98 corn hybrid, and the sowing rate was 60,000 plants / hectare. Except for the different application of basal fertilizer, the other growth management methods were the same for each experimental group.

[0069] Among them, the planting method provided in Example 6 was used as the experimental group;

[0070] Control group 1, other methods are the same as Example 6, the only difference is that in the composite prepared in Example 3, only chemical fertilizer is added; the application amount is 62.6 kg / mu;

[0071] Control group 2: other methods were the same as those in Example 6, except that only corn stalks and chemical fertilizers were added to the composite prepared in Example 3; the application amount was 313 kg / mu;

[0072] Control group 3, other methods are the same as Example 6, the only difference is that in the composite prepared in Example 3, only corn stalks, curing agent and fertilizer are added; the application amount is 386 kg / mu;

[0073] Control group 4, other methods are the same as Example 6, the only difference is that in the composite prepared in Example 3, only corn stalks, curing agent, water retaining agent and fertilizer are added; the application amount is 417 kg / mu;

[0074] Blank control group: no basal fertilizer was applied.

[0075] Each test group treated three plots respectively, and the test results were averaged.

[0076] (1) Investigate the effects of different fertilization methods on corn plant height at different stages

[0077] Table 1 Plant height at different stages (unit: cm)

[0078] Group Big Speaker Period Silking period Experimental Group 189.6 278.2 Control group 1 162.3 242.8 Control group 2 176.3 254.5 Control group 3 180.6 260.5 Control group 4 182.3 261.2 Blank control group 98.5 176.5

[0079] The plant height of each treatment of corn at the key growth stage was observed, and the results are shown in Table 1. After sowing, as the corn continued to grow, the plant height growth under each treatment had the same change pattern, that is, from sowing to the trumpet stage to the silking stage, it showed a rapid growth trend. Different soil fertilization measures effectively improved the growth of spring corn plant height, but the results between different experimental groups were significantly different. The plant height of the experimental group at different periods was significantly better than that of other control groups.

[0080] (2) Dry matter accumulation under different fertilization methods

[0081] Table 2 Dry matter accumulation at different periods (unit: g)

[0082] Group Silking period Maturity Experimental Group 148.7 314.4 Control group 1 106.4 236.7 Control group 2 118.5 261.2 Control group 3 131.0 267.9 Control group 4 134.3 286.5 Blank control group 54.6 125.3

[0083] From the contents recorded in Table 2, it can be seen that there are significant differences in the accumulation of dry matter among the treatments, and the accumulation of aboveground dry matter in the experimental group is significantly higher than that in other fertilization and fertilization technical measures.

[0084] (3) Effects of different fertilization methods on corn yield

[0085] Table 3 Corn yield survey table (kg / hectare)

[0086] Group Yield Experimental Group 11854.7 Control group 1 9574.6 Control group 2 9559.4 Control group 3 9756.8 Control group 4 9826.2 Blank control group 9048.5

[0087] From the contents recorded in Table 3, it can be seen that the corn yield of the experimental group can reach up to 11354.7 kg / hectare, which is significantly better than other experimental groups.

[0088] (4) After the scheme of the present invention was implemented for two consecutive years, the effects of different fertilization methods on soil bulk density were investigated.

[0089] Table 4 Soil bulk density survey table (g / cm 2 )

[0090] Group Soil bulk density Experimental Group 1.41 Control group 1 1.59 Control group 2 1.56 Control group 3 1.49 Control group 4 1.47 Blank control group 1.58

[0091] As shown in Table 4, the compound fertilizer provided by the present invention can significantly reduce the bulk density of the soil, and is significantly better than other control groups. From the experimental results of the control group, it can be seen that the soil bulk density of the control group 1 is higher than that of the blank control group, which shows that if only chemical fertilizers are used as base fertilizers, the soil bulk density will increase year by year. Only by increasing the application of organic fertilizers can the soil bulk density be effectively reduced.

[0092] (4) After the scheme of the present invention has been implemented for two consecutive years, the effects of different fertilization methods on the soil organic matter content are investigated.

[0093] Table 5 Survey form of organic matter content (g / kg)

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] From the contents recorded in Table 5, it can be seen that the cultivation method provided by the present invention can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, and the use effect of compound fertilizer is significantly better than that of other experimental groups. However, the organic matter content in the soil will gradually decrease if chemical fertilizers are simply applied. Whether organic fertilizer is applied or not has the most significant effect on the content of soil organic matter.

[0097] It can be seen from the experimental data in Tables 1 to 5 that only the complete compound fertilizer formula of the present invention can achieve the best use effect. If some of the components are discarded, the fertilizer effect of the compound fertilizer will be significantly affected. This will not only affect the yield of corn, but also affect the improvement effect of the fertilizer on the soil.

[0098] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for increasing the content of soil organic matter, characterized in that: The invention is prepared by comprising the following components by weight: 70-80 parts of organic fertilizer, 22-26 parts of straw, 5-9 parts of curing agent, 2-3 parts of water retaining agent and 5-7 parts of chemical fertilizer; The organic fertilizer includes: manure, biogas residue, Chinese medicine residue, rapeseed cake, amino acid residue, with a mass ratio of 30-40:15-25:8-12:8-12:3-5; The ripening agent includes: Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas luteus, Trichoderma koningii, Pythium oligandrum and Streptomyces lilacinus; The fertilizers include: urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, sodium molybdate, borax, and the mass ratio is 12-16:8-12:6-10:2-3:1-2:1-2.

2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The water retaining agent comprises potassium polyacrylate and sodium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 1-3:3-1.

3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The straw is corn straw or wheat straw.

4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis, the candida utilis, the xanthocellomonas, the koningia enzyme, the pythium oligandrum and the streptomyces lilacinus is 10-20:9-13:8-12:5-9:4-8:5-9.

5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The bacterial contents of Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Xanthomonas luteola, Trichoderma koningii and Streptomyces lilacinus are all 500 million to 700 million per gram, and the effective component of Pythium oligandrum is 1 million to 1.2 million spores per gram.

6. The method for preparing the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Mix organic fertilizer, straw, maturation agent, water retaining agent and chemical fertilizer.

7. Use of the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in increasing soil organic matter.

8. Use of the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in corn planting.

9. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer for corn.

10. The use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 1000-1500kg / mu.

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