Distributed biomass fermentation device and fermentation method
Through the distributed biomass fermentation device and fine control unit, the problems of low fermentation efficiency, long time and low methane yield in the prior art are solved, and efficient and rapid methane fermentation is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311673003.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
In the existing biomass dry fermentation technology, the fermentation process of the leachate is low, the fermentation efficiency is long, and the methane yield is low, making it difficult to control the fermentation process of the leachate.
A distributed biomass fermentation device is designed, including multiple stacking containers, leachate fermentation containers and control units. The leachate in each stack container is transported to the corresponding fermentation container through an independent controlled pipeline, and the chemical characteristics of the leachate are detected through the control unit to achieve precise control of different fermentation stages.
It improves fermentation efficiency, shortens fermentation time, increases methane production, and makes the fermentation process of the leachate easier to control.
Smart Images
Figure CN119464043A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of biomass fermentation, and more specifically, to a distributed biomass fermentation device and a fermentation method. Background Art
[0002] In the prior art, biomass dry fermentation is usually in the same space as stacking and spraying. The usual practice is to collect the leachate produced by the fermentation and spraying of biomass under or on the side of the biomass stacking area and store it for fermentation. Although this can also achieve fermentation and eventually obtain methane gas, since spraying needs to be performed multiple times, and the traditional fermentation is to collect all the leachate together for fermentation, so that the leachate of multiple sprayings is mixed together. In this case, the overall concentration of the leachate and the fermentation degree of the leachate itself are constantly changing, which makes the fermentation process of the leachate difficult to control, the overall fermentation efficiency is low, the fermentation time is prolonged, and the methane production is low. Summary of the invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a distributed biomass fermentation device and fermentation method with high fermentation efficiency, short fermentation time and high methane yield, in view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art such as low fermentation efficiency, long fermentation time and low methane yield.
[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: construct a distributed biomass fermentation device, including multiple stockpiling containers, multiple leachate fermentation containers and a control unit; each stockpiling container has an independently controlled pipeline connected to each leachate fermentation container; multiple leachate fermentation containers are respectively used to place leachates with different fermentation degrees; each leachate fermentation container is interconnected through independently controlled pipelines; the control unit detects the chemical properties of the leachate obtained after the biomass in the multiple stockpiling units is sprayed, obtains the corresponding fermentation degree, and transports the leachate in each stockpiling container to the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipelines arranged between the stockpiling container and the leachate fermentation container; the control unit also detects the chemical properties of the leachate placed in each leachate fermentation container to obtain its current fermentation degree, and transports the leachate that meets the conditions to the leachate container corresponding to the current fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipelines between the leachate fermentation containers.
[0005] Furthermore, the different fermentation degrees include hydrolysis, acidification and gasification stages in order from short to long fermentation time; the leachate fermentation container includes a hydrolysis stage container, an acidification stage container and a gasification stage container; after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the hydrolysis stage container enters the acidification stage and enters the acidification stage container through an independently controlled pipeline connected between the hydrolysis stage container and the acidification stage container; after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the acidification stage container enters the gasification stage and enters the gasification stage container through an independently controlled pipeline connected between the acidification stage and the gasification stage.
[0006] Furthermore, the independently controlled pipeline includes a pipeline provided with a one-way fluid pump independently controlled by the control unit; the control unit determines the fermentation degree of the leachate in the corresponding stacking container by collecting signals from sensors respectively provided in each of the stacking containers.
[0007] Furthermore, the chemical characteristics include methane gas concentration and pH value of the leachate, and the sensors include a methane sensor and a pH value sensor.
[0008] Furthermore, each leachate fermentation container has its own bacterial strain adding unit, which is used to add different types of nitrifying bacteria to the leachate in different fermentation stages under the control of the control unit, so as to increase the fermentation speed of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container in this stage.
[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a biogas purification unit and a spray unit. The biogas purification unit is connected between the leachate fermentation container and the gas storage container to remove sulfur, nitrogen and water vapor from the gas produced by the leachate fermentation container; the spray unit is arranged inside the stacking container, and each stacking container is provided with a spray unit. The multiple spray units respectively have their own liquid storage tanks for storing spray liquid or multiple spray units share one liquid storage tank.
[0010] The present invention also relates to a fermentation method in a distributed biomass fermentation device, wherein the distributed biomass fermentation device comprises a plurality of stacking units, a plurality of leachate fermentation containers and a control unit; a controlled delivery pipeline independently controlled by the control unit is arranged between each stacking unit and each leachate fermentation container and between each leachate fermentation container; the fermentation method comprises the following steps: A) respectively collecting the fermentation degree of the liquid in the multiple leachate fermentation containers, and determining whether it is necessary to transfer the leachate between the multiple leachate fermentation containers, and if necessary, performing the transfer and then performing the next step; if not, directly performing the next step; B) spraying the biomass placed in the plurality of stacking containers, collecting the leachate seeping out of the biomass in each stacking container, detecting the chemical properties thereof, and obtaining the fermentation degree thereof; C) comparing the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacked container with the fermentation degree set for the multiple leachate fermentation containers, finding the one with the closest fermentation degree, and then obtaining the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacked container; D) outputting control signals to the pumps in the corresponding controlled delivery pipelines respectively, so that the pumps can deliver the leachate in each stacking container to the corresponding fermentation container through the controlled delivery pipeline for the next fermentation step.
[0011] Furthermore, the step A) further comprises the following step: according to the fermentation degree of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container obtained by detection, corresponding nitrifying bacteria species which are helpful to accelerate the fermentation of the leachate therein are added into different fermentation containers respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, the control unit measures the pH value of the leachate therein through sensors arranged in each stacking container and fermentation container to obtain the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container and fermentation container.
[0013] Furthermore, the controlled delivery pipeline includes a pump arranged in the pipeline or at the end of the pipeline, and the control unit starts or stops the pump by outputting a separate control signal to achieve liquid transmission through the controlled delivery pipeline or not through the controlled delivery pipeline.
[0014] The implementation of the distributed biomass fermentation device and fermentation method of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: due to the presence of multiple fermentation containers, leachate at different fermentation levels can be placed in different containers for storage and fermentation without being diluted, which makes it easy to control the leachate at different fermentation stages in their respective fermentation stages, with high fermentation efficiency and short fermentation time, thereby resulting in a higher methane yield produced by fermentation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 : is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fermentation device in the embodiment of the distributed biomass fermentation device and fermentation method of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the fermentation process in the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0016] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment of the distributed biomass fermentation device and fermentation method of the present invention, the distributed biomass fermentation device includes exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the distributed biomass fermentation device and method of the present invention shown, a distributed biomass fermentation device is constructed, including a plurality of stockpiling containers, a plurality of leachate fermentation containers and a control control unit; Figure 1 In the figure, a stockpile container 1, a stockpile container 2 to a stockpile container n are shown, and three leachate fermentation containers are shown, namely, a leachate fermentation container 1, a leachate fermentation container 2 and a leachate fermentation container; Figure 1 The control unit is not shown. In this embodiment, each stockpile container has an independently controlled pipeline connected to each leachate fermentation container; each leachate fermentation container is also connected to each other through an independently controlled pipeline; multiple leachate fermentation containers are respectively used to place leachate at different fermentation degrees or fermentation stages; the control unit detects the chemical properties of the leachate obtained after the biomass in the multiple stockpile units is sprayed, obtains the corresponding fermentation degree or fermentation stage, and transports the leachate in each stockpile container to the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipeline arranged between the stockpile container and the leachate fermentation container; the control unit also detects the chemical properties of the leachate placed in each leachate fermentation container to obtain its current fermentation degree, and transports the leachate that meets the conditions to the leachate container corresponding to the current fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipelines between the leachate fermentation containers.
[0018] Generally speaking, there are three basic processes of anaerobic fermentation of biomass: the first stage is the hydrolysis and fermentation stage, which refers to the hydrolysis and fermentation of complex organic matter under the action of microbial extracellular enzymes, breaking the chain of macromolecules to form small molecules such as monosaccharides, amino acids, etc. to prepare for the next stage. The second stage is the hydrogen production and acetic acid production stage, which is the decomposition of small molecules produced in the previous stage under the action of acid-producing bacteria such as acetic acid bacteria and some clostridium, etc., to generate acetic acid and hydrogen. The acid production rate in this stage is very fast, causing the pH value of the feed liquid to drop rapidly, so that the feed liquid has a rotten smell. The third stage is the methanogenic stage, in which organic acids and soluble nitrogen-containing compounds are decomposed into ammonia, amines, carbonates and carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc. Methanogens decompose acetic acid to produce methane and carbon dioxide, and use hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide to methane, and the pH value rises at this stage. In this embodiment, different bacterial communities can be used to work together in each process. The entire fermentation process is carried out in sections, and precise fermentation is achieved through intelligent control to reduce gas production time and improve gas production efficiency. To achieve this purpose or function, in this embodiment, the percolate at different fermentation stages (i.e., fermentation degree) is placed in different fermentation areas for fermentation or treatment, so as to achieve precise and necessary control of the fermentation at each stage, thereby shortening the entire fermentation cycle.
[0019] Specifically, in this embodiment, the fermentation device separates the stacking area and the leachate fermentation area that are set together in the prior art, and sets a plurality of mutually isolated leachate fermentation areas. Under the action of the control unit, the fermentation degree or fermentation stage of the leachate in each stacking area is detected (actually representing the fermentation degree or fermentation stage of the biomass stacked in the area), and then the leachate in each stacking area is transported to the corresponding leachate fermentation container. The leachate fermentation container is respectively placed with leachate at different fermentation degrees or fermentation stages. For example, the leachate at the initial fermentation stage is placed in the same leachate fermentation device, and the leachate at the middle fermentation stage is placed in another leachate fermentation device. In addition, the leachate placed in the above-mentioned different leachate fermentation containers will also continue to ferment. When the leachate placed in a leachate fermentation container continues to ferment to the next fermentation stage, the control unit will also transport it to the corresponding leachate fermentation container placed in the next fermentation stage through the controlled pipeline connected between the two leachate fermentation containers. Of course, the detection of the fermentation degree of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container and the control of the controlled pipeline are both implemented by the control unit or by controlling the relevant functional components.
[0020] In this embodiment, the different fermentation degrees include hydrolysis, acidification and gasification stages in order from short to long fermentation time; the leachate fermentation container includes a hydrolysis stage container, an acidification stage container and a gasification stage container (corresponding to Figure 1 leachate fermentation container 1, leachate fermentation container 2 and leachate fermentation container 3 in the hydrolysis stage container (leachate fermentation container 1); after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the hydrolysis stage container (leachate fermentation container 1) enters the acidification stage and passes through an independently controlled pipeline ( Figure 1 The leachate in the acidification stage container (leachate fermentation container 2) enters the acidification stage container (leachate fermentation container 2) through a pipeline with a pump 1 disposed therein; after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the acidification stage container (leachate fermentation container 2) enters the gasification stage and passes through an independent controlled pipeline ( Figure 1 The percolate is then fed into the gasification stage container (percolate fermentation container 2) through a pipeline with a pump 2 disposed therein.
[0021] In addition, in this embodiment, the independently controlled pipelines include pipelines provided with one-way fluid pumps independently controlled by the control unit; these pipelines include the above-mentioned pipelines respectively including pump 1 and pump 2 and the pipelines with pumps connected between the above-mentioned multiple stacking containers and the multiple percolate fermentation containers (i.e. Figure 1 In the pipeline where pumps 11, 12, 13, 21, ... pump n3 are located), it can be Figure 1 It is clearly seen that each stockpile container has a separate controlled pipeline connected to each leachate fermentation container. In other words, no matter at which stage the biomass in each stockpile container is fermented, its leachate can be transferred to the corresponding leachate fermentation container. These actions are all performed under the operation of the control unit. In this embodiment, the control unit can be any existing processor or processor module running a specified program, such as MCU, DSP or FPGA, etc.
[0022] In addition, the control unit determines the fermentation degree of the leachate in the corresponding stockpile container by collecting signals from sensors respectively arranged in each of the stockpile containers. In this embodiment, the chemical properties detected by the control unit include the methane gas concentration and the pH value of the leachate, and the sensors include a methane sensor and a pH value sensor. In this embodiment, the fermentation device also includes a biogas purification unit (see Figure 1 ) and a spray unit (not shown in the figure), the biogas purification unit is connected between the leachate fermentation container and the gas storage container, and performs sulfur removal, nitrogen removal and water vapor removal on the gas generated by the leachate fermentation container; the spray unit is arranged inside the stacking container, and each stacking container is provided with a spray unit, and multiple spray units respectively have their own storage tanks for storing spray liquid or multiple spray units share a storage tank. That is to say, in this embodiment, in one case, the above-mentioned spray unit can be implemented by any existing spray system; and in another case, the spray system can also use heated water or use bacteria that increase the current fermentation degree of the biomass in the stacking container corresponding to the action of the spray system to accelerate its fermentation process.
[0023] In this embodiment, in order to speed up the fermentation time of the leachate, each leachate fermentation container may also have its own bacterial strain adding unit (not shown in the figure). The bacterial strain adding unit is used to add different types of nitrifying bacteria to the leachate in the leachate fermentation container under the control of the control unit. These nitrifying bacteria correspond to the current fermentation stage of the leachate in the container, so as to increase the fermentation speed of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container in the current fermentation stage.
[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also relates to a fermentation method in a distributed biomass fermentation device, which is used to ferment biomass in the above-mentioned distributed biomass fermentation device, that is, the distributed biomass fermentation device includes a plurality of stacking units, a plurality of leachate fermentation containers and a control unit; a controlled conveying pipeline independently controlled by the control unit is respectively arranged between each stacking unit and each leachate fermentation container, and between each leachate fermentation container; the fermentation method comprises the following steps: Step S11 obtains the fermentation degree of the liquid in multiple leachate fermentation containers: In this step, the control unit collects the fermentation degree of the liquid in multiple leachate fermentation containers respectively. As mentioned above, such data collection is the same as collecting the data of the fermentation degree of the leachate in the other container. It is performed by the control unit through the sensors arranged in the leachate fermentation device. The sensors arranged in the leachate fermentation device also include a pH sensor and a methane gas sensor. By combining the specific values of these two sensors, the fermentation degree of the leachate in the collected position can be obtained.
[0025] Step S12 determines whether the leachate in the leachate fermentation container needs to be transferred: In this step, the fermentation degree obtained by the above collection is used to determine whether the leachate in the fermentation container needs to be transferred. In this embodiment, such transfer is usually to transfer the leachate to the leachate fermentation container of the next fermentation stage, so that it continues to ferment in the new container, for example, from the container for placing the leachate in the hydrolysis stage to the container for placing the leachate in the acidification stage. When it is determined that transfer is required, step S13 is executed; when it is determined that transfer is not required, step S14 is executed.
[0026] Step S13: Execute transfer: In this step, the control unit sends a control signal to make the pump in the corresponding controlled pipeline work to perform leachate transfer. Figure 1 In this step, pump 1 or pump 2 is operated to realize the transfer. It is worth mentioning that in this step, if there are more than one leachate fermentation device leachate to be transferred, the transfer sequence is carried out in the order of high first and low later, for example, Figure 1 In the process, first make pump 2 work, and then make pump 1 work after completion, so as to avoid mixing of leachates with different fermentation degrees.
[0027] Step S14 obtains the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container: In this step, the control unit collects the leachate seeping through the biomass in each stacking container, and also detects its chemical properties through the sensor to obtain its fermentation degree; such collection and detection is usually carried out after spraying the biomass placed in multiple stacking containers.
[0028] Step S15 obtains the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree of the leachate in each current stacking container: In this step, the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container is compared with the fermentation degree set for multiple leachate fermentation containers, and the one with the closest fermentation degree is found, thereby obtaining the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container.
[0029] Step S16 transports the leachate in each stacking container to the corresponding leachate fermentation container: In this step, control signals are output to the pumps in the corresponding controlled delivery pipelines, so that the pumps transport the leachate in each stacking container to the corresponding fermentation containers through the controlled delivery pipelines for the next fermentation step.
[0030] In this embodiment, after the fermentation degree of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container is detected, corresponding nitrifying bacteria species that help accelerate the fermentation of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container can be added to different fermentation containers according to the fermentation degree of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container detected. Such operation can also be achieved by the control unit operating the bacteria species addition inlet set in the leachate fermentation container, for example, by opening the valve to add the preset bacteria species to the leachate fermentation container according to the set amount.
[0031] As mentioned above, the control unit measures the pH value of the leachate therein through sensors arranged in each stacking container and fermentation container to obtain the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container and fermentation container. The controlled delivery pipeline includes a pump arranged in the pipeline or at the end of the pipeline, and the control unit starts or does not start the pump by outputting a separate control signal to realize the transmission of the liquid through the controlled delivery pipeline or not through the controlled delivery pipeline.
[0032] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.
Claims
1. A distributed biomass fermentation device, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of stockpiling containers, a plurality of leachate fermentation containers and a control unit; each stockpiling container has an independently controlled pipeline connected to each leachate fermentation container; the plurality of leachate fermentation containers are respectively used to place leachate of different fermentation degrees; each leachate fermentation container is interconnected through an independently controlled pipeline; the control unit detects the chemical properties of the leachate obtained after the biomass in the plurality of stockpiling units is sprayed, obtains the corresponding fermentation degree, and transports the leachate in each stockpiling container to the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipeline arranged between the stockpiling container and the leachate fermentation container; the control unit also detects the chemical properties of the leachate placed in each leachate fermentation container to obtain its current fermentation degree, and transports the leachate that meets the conditions to the leachate container corresponding to the current fermentation degree through the independently controlled pipeline between the leachate fermentation containers.
2. The distributed biomass fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The different fermentation degrees include hydrolysis, acidification and gasification stages in order from short to long fermentation time; the leachate fermentation container includes a hydrolysis stage container, an acidification stage container and a gasification stage container; after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the hydrolysis stage container enters the acidification stage and enters the acidification stage container through an independently controlled pipeline connected between the hydrolysis stage container and the acidification stage container; after a period of fermentation, the leachate in the acidification stage container enters the gasification stage and enters the gasification stage container through an independently controlled pipeline connected between the acidification stage and the gasification stage.
3. The distributed biomass fermentation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The independently controlled pipeline includes a pipeline provided with a one-way fluid pump independently controlled by the control unit; the control unit determines the fermentation degree of the percolate in the corresponding stacking container by collecting signals from sensors respectively provided in each stacking container.
4. The distributed biomass fermentation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The chemical characteristics include methane gas concentration and pH value of the leachate, and the sensors include a methane sensor and a pH value sensor.
5. The distributed biomass fermentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each leachate fermentation container has its own strain adding unit, which is used to add different types of nitrifying bacteria to the leachate in different fermentation stages under the control of the control unit to increase the fermentation speed of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container in this stage.
6. The distributed biomass fermentation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a biogas purification unit and a spray unit. The biogas purification unit is connected between the leachate fermentation container and the gas storage container to remove sulfur, nitrogen and water vapor from the gas produced by the leachate fermentation container. The spray unit is arranged inside the stacking container, and each stacking container is provided with a spray unit. The multiple spray units respectively have their own liquid storage tanks for storing spray liquid, or multiple spray units share one liquid storage tank.
7. A fermentation method in a distributed biomass fermentation device, characterized in that: The distributed biomass fermentation device comprises a plurality of stacking units, a plurality of leachate fermentation containers and a control unit; a controlled delivery pipeline independently controlled by the control unit is arranged between each stacking unit and each leachate fermentation container and between each leachate fermentation container; the fermentation method comprises the following steps: A) respectively collecting the fermentation degree of the liquid in the multiple leachate fermentation containers, and determining whether it is necessary to transfer the leachate between the multiple leachate fermentation containers, and if necessary, performing the transfer and then performing the next step; if not, directly performing the next step; B) spraying the biomass placed in the plurality of stacking containers, collecting the leachate seeping out of the biomass in each stacking container, detecting the chemical properties thereof, and obtaining the fermentation degree thereof; C) comparing the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacked container with the fermentation degree set for the multiple leachate fermentation containers, finding the one with the closest fermentation degree, and then obtaining the leachate fermentation container corresponding to the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacked container; D) outputting control signals to the pumps in the corresponding controlled delivery pipelines respectively, so that the pumps can deliver the leachate in each stacking container to the corresponding fermentation container through the controlled delivery pipeline for the next fermentation step.
8. The fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that The step A) further comprises the following step: according to the fermentation degree of the leachate in the leachate fermentation container obtained by detection, corresponding nitrifying bacteria species which are helpful to accelerate the fermentation of the leachate therein are added into different fermentation containers respectively.
9. The fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The control unit measures the pH value of the leachate in each stacking container and fermentation container through sensors arranged in each stacking container and fermentation container to obtain the fermentation degree of the leachate in each stacking container and fermentation container.
10. The fermentation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The controlled delivery pipeline includes a pump arranged in the pipeline or at the end of the pipeline. The control unit starts or stops the pump by outputting a separate control signal to achieve liquid transmission through the controlled delivery pipeline or not through the controlled delivery pipeline.