Skin-like visible-infrared composite film material as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The composite film material comprises an elastomer layer, an infrared functional layer and a dielectric layer, the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer form a structural color; the infrared functional layer has an irregular micro-nano structure, and changes along with stretching expansion or rebound contraction of the elastomer layer so as to adjust the infrared emissivity. According to the invention, the elastic body is pre-stretched, and then a Fabry-Perot optical resonant cavity is formed by using convenient film forming methods such as magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, uniform coating and the like, so that the structural color is generated, and meanwhile, the dynamic change of the infrared emissivity can be realized by stretching or releasing and shrinking the elastic body; the structural color can be kept unchanged while the infrared emissivity is changed, decoupling regulation and control are achieved, and the regulation and control method is convenient, efficient, low in cost and very beneficial to wide application of infrared functional materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of infrared functional materials, and in particular to a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In practical applications, the light and heat environment on the surface of the earth will change significantly with the day and night and the seasons, requiring corresponding light / heat control technology to adapt to it and achieve active switching. Wide application of infrared heating technology with independent control of light and heat in a wide band. High-emissivity infrared radiation materials are used in the fields of bionic camouflage, radiation cooling, etc. New opportunities emerge by combining dynamic spectral control of visible light and mid-infrared.

[0003] Working at seemingly unrelated wavelengths, such as visible light and mid-infrared, which differ by an order of magnitude, enables spectral decoupling. In principle, the spatial distribution of light and heat needs to be controlled on demand, which requires the compatibility of frequency band selection and dynamic regulation on the same surface. Wide-spectrum decoupling is the key. These multi-spectral operations, such as thermal control, radiation cooling, and adaptive camouflage, can be used to hide and encode information of different wavelengths in visible light and mid-infrared to obtain unique display effects, anti-counterfeiting effects, etc.

[0004] Traditional technical solutions for colorful surfaces mostly use a variety of colorful coatings with strong spectral selectivity, but different colors require frequent replacement of coatings, which increases its cost of use. Frequent replacement is time-consuming and labor-intensive, but lacks active regulation capabilities. Traditional technical solutions to achieve colorful surfaces by constructing structural colors often require precise optical etching, which is extremely costly. Traditional infrared control visible colors are mostly transparent or single color, and the structure is complex. Electrochromic and other technologies have dynamic regulation capabilities, but spectral selectivity, and reliance on device processing, cost, and large area issues.

[0005] However, existing infrared control technology and color changes are difficult to achieve independent control, and there is currently no ideal solution. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, a preparation method and application thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention includes: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, which comprises an elastomer layer, an infrared functional layer and a dielectric layer stacked in sequence; The elastic layer has a stretching-rebounding property along a plane direction, the material of the infrared functional layer includes a metal element, and the material of the dielectric layer includes an oxide; The infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer form a Fabry-Perot optical resonant cavity to form a structural color; In a natural state, the infrared functional layer has an irregular micro-nano structure, and the irregular micro-nano structure changes in shape and / or size as the elastomer layer stretches, expands or rebounds and shrinks to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for preparing a skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material, which comprises: pre-stretching the elastomer layer; Keeping the stretched state, depositing an infrared functional layer on the surface of the elastomer layer; The stretched state is released, so that the elastic layer shrinks and rebounds, so that at least the infrared functional layer forms an irregular micro-nano structure; And, a step of depositing a dielectric layer on the surface of the infrared functional layer.

[0009] In a third aspect, the present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned skin-like visible-infrared composite film material in the field of surface decoration or optics.

[0010] In a fourth aspect, the present invention further provides an infrared emissivity adjustment method, comprising: Providing the above-mentioned skin-like visible-infrared composite film material; The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is stretched to expand or rebound to shrink, and the morphology and / or size of the irregular micro-nano structure in the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is changed to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, and keep the color of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material in the visible light band unchanged.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention at least include: The invention provided by the present invention uses an elastomer, pre-stretches it, and then forms a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity using convenient film-forming methods such as magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, and leveling, thereby producing structural color. At the same time, it is found that the infrared emissivity can be dynamically changed by stretching or releasing the contracted elastomer, and the color of the structural color can be kept unchanged while changing the infrared emissivity, thereby achieving decoupled regulation. The regulation method is convenient, efficient, and low-cost, and is very beneficial to the widespread application of infrared functional materials.

[0012] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to enable those skilled in the art to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application and implement them according to the contents of the specification, the following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with detailed drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material provided by a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a colorful physical picture of a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material provided by a typical implementation case of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a photo of a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material at different stretching rates provided by a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is an image taken by an infrared camera at different stretching rates of a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material provided by a typical embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a test chart of the infrared emission spectrum of a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material before and after stretching, provided in a typical implementation case of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventor of this case has proposed the technical solution of the present invention after long-term research and extensive practice. The technical solution, its implementation process and principle will be further explained as follows.

[0015] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0016] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material, which structurally includes an elastomer layer, an infrared functional layer and a dielectric layer stacked in sequence; the elastomer layer has a stretching-rebound property along the planar direction, the material of the infrared functional layer includes a metal element, and the material of the dielectric layer includes an oxide.

[0017] Functionally, the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer form a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity to form structural color; in a natural state (the natural state refers to the initial state when the composite film material is not stretched), the infrared functional layer has an irregular micro-nano structure, and the irregular micro-nano structure changes in morphology and / or size with the stretching expansion or rebound contraction of the elastomer layer to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material.

[0018] Regarding the specific form of the irregular micro-nano structure, in some embodiments, the elongation at break of the elastomer layer in the planar direction is greater than the elongation at break of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer; the irregular micro-nano structure includes wrinkles and / or microcracks generated by the stretching expansion or rebound contraction of the elastomer layer.

[0019] Combined with the preparation method described below, the skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material provided by the present invention will have some wrinkles in the film layer under natural conditions due to pre-stretching deposition, forming irregular micro-nano structures. When the composite thin film material is stretched, the spacing between the wrinkle protrusions may increase, and the curvature or height of the wrinkles may also change accordingly. Even when stretched to a certain extent, the wrinkle phenomenon will tend to disappear; in addition, when stretched excessively (usually, for example, higher than the pre-stretching rate during deposition), microcracks may also appear in the deposited film layer. It can be seen that the morphology and size of the irregular micro-nano structure will change under different stretching states. Based on these changes, its infrared emissivity can be adjusted, and the inventors of the present invention have found that while adjusting the infrared emissivity, the structural color of the composite thin film material will not undergo obvious color changes, achieving the purpose of decoupling regulation.

[0020] The above technical scheme belongs to the field of infrared functional materials, and in particular, it relates to devices and methods for regulating long-wave infrared spectra. As a specific example, the skin-type visible-infrared composite film material includes an elastomer layer, a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity layer, and the Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity layer includes an infrared functional layer and a dielectric layer; the elastomer layer has high elasticity and can be stretched and released to rebound by itself, and the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer form optical interference to form a Fabry-Perot optical resonance cavity to produce color, and the thickness of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer is below the infrared emission wavelength of the infrared functional layer to avoid shielding the infrared emission. The specific infrared emission wavelength depends on factors such as the selected material and process, and is not limited to a specific determined value.

[0021] The ability of traditional bionic materials to regulate light spectrum is mainly concentrated in the infrared band, and they are mainly transparent or white in the visible light band, which greatly limits their application. The main difference of the present invention compared to some traditional technical solutions is that customizable colors can be achieved, and the color of visible light remains unchanged before and after infrared regulation. That is, bionic color change with visible light unchanged and infrared dynamic regulation can be achieved. The main features are: 1) The use of materials of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer realizes colorful electrochromism through thin film interference; 2) In addition to the visible light band, the use of materials of the infrared functional layer can also realize dynamic regulation of the infrared spectrum, while the metal layer used as a conductive layer in the traditional technical solution cannot realize infrared regulation.

[0022] In many current related prior arts, the infrared control part is only concentrated in the near-infrared band (0.5-2.5 µm), which cannot cover a wide spectrum and cannot achieve visible bright colors. In addition, it is worth noting that in order not to affect the visible color and fully realize dynamic infrared control, the present invention selects a nanoscale infrared lossless infrared functional layer, which will not affect the infrared performance. In a specific implementation case, the visible light color-changing layer is a metal infrared functional layer and an oxide medium layer in sequence, and an optical interference effect is formed between the wide-spectrum electrochromic layers to achieve a wide color gamut and multiple colors, including yellow, orange, magenta, purple, blue, cyan, and green.

[0023] When in use, whether stretched or not, the color and brightness of the visible color-changing layer will not be blocked by other structural layers and can be directly observed, thus obtaining a very good visual effect. However, the size and morphology of the irregular micro-nanostructure that affects the infrared emissivity can change due to stretching and rebound, thereby causing the infrared emissivity to change accordingly, thus achieving decoupling regulation.

[0024] Regarding specific dimensional features, in some embodiments, the thickness of the elastomer layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 mm. In addition, the general aspect ratio is 2:1 or above to facilitate stretching and rebounding, but it is certainly not limited to this, and other shapes can also be stretched and rebounded.

[0025] In some embodiments, the elongation at break of the elastomeric layer in the planar direction is greater than 30%.

[0026] In some embodiments, the total thickness of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer is above 100 nm. Generally, by changing the thickness of the dielectric layer to change the color of visible light, different structural colors are formed, which can be adjusted based on demand, and even different thicknesses can be deposited in different areas to form multi-color camouflage.

[0027] As for the material of each layer, in some embodiments, the material of the elastomer layer includes any one or a combination of two or more of PDMS, Ecoflex, acrylic film, ACM, ADE, and LCE. PDMS is more preferred. However, it is not limited to this, and other materials with the above characteristics can still play the same role, as long as they can ensure good bonding strength, stretching, and resilience.

[0028] In some embodiments, the material of the infrared functional layer includes any one or a combination of two or more of W, Al, Ag, Au, and Ga, and more preferably W. However, it is not limited thereto, and other metals having the above characteristics can still play the same role.

[0029] In some embodiments, the material of the dielectric layer includes any one of WO3, TiO2, ITO, SiO2 or a combination of two or more thereof, and WO3 is more preferred. However, it is not limited thereto, and other oxides having the above characteristics can still play the same role.

[0030] Based on the above structural and functional characteristics, in some embodiments, the adjustment band of the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material is 3-15 μm, and the adjustment range is more than 30%.

[0031] In order to obtain the above-mentioned skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material, the second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing a skin-like visible-infrared composite thin film material, which comprises the following steps: pre-stretching the elastomer layer; Keeping the stretched state, depositing an infrared functional layer on the surface of the elastomer layer; The stretched state is released, so that the elastic layer shrinks and rebounds, so that at least the infrared functional layer forms an irregular micro-nano structure; And, a step of depositing a dielectric layer on the surface of the infrared functional layer.

[0032] It should be noted that in the above steps, regarding the timing of forming the dielectric layer, the dielectric layer can be deposited immediately after the infrared functional layer is formed by maintaining the stretched state, as in the following embodiment, and then the stretched state is released; the dielectric layer can also be deposited after the stretched state is released (or even in the process of slowly releasing the stretched state). Different deposition timings will not have a very obvious effect on the formation of a material structure with obvious infrared emissivity regulation, and the present invention does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0033] In some embodiments, the pre-stretching stretching rate is above 30%, preferably about 60%. Of course, the upper limit of the stretching rate is usually limited by the elongation at break of the material itself, or by the elongation that can cause elastic deformation and rebound. For example, some polymer materials do not break after exceeding a certain stretching rate, but lose their resilience.

[0034] In some embodiments, the infrared functional layer and / or dielectric layer is deposited by any one of spin coating, spray coating, scraping coating, brush coating, magnetron sputtering, and deposition, or a combination of two or more thereof.

[0035] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention realizes infrared regulation by constructing the microstructure of the surface microstructure, and realizes visible multicolor by constructing the surface optical interference coating. The specific means adopted is preferably the method of magnetron sputtering. There are some technical solutions for infrared bionic regulation using surface wrinkles in the prior art. However, these infrared regulation solutions are all for the purpose of improving infrared performance, such as improving the regulation amplitude performance, which is mainly for the purpose of serving as some functional layers, rather than the optical purpose of constructing a colorful surface; and different from traditional infrared bionics, the method provided by the present invention can realize the combination of visible color and infrared regulation and multiple decoupling regulation. In addition, traditional bionic infrared basically cannot realize visible camouflage, and the starting point of the present invention is to combine the infrared regulation principle of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity (optical resonance principle) and micro-nano structure, and the advantage is that the means are simple and easy to control, which belongs to a completely novel technical route.

[0036] From one perspective, the present invention utilizes the construction of colorful materials, and from another perspective, the present invention utilizes dynamic bionics to control infrared. Without modifying the materials, the preparation of multi-color thin film materials with adjustable infrared characteristics that are similar to biological skin is achieved.

[0037] Correspondingly, the third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides the application of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material provided by any of the above-mentioned embodiments in the field of surface decoration or optics.

[0038] As a specific manner of the above application, a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present invention further provides an infrared emissivity adjustment method, which includes the following steps: Providing a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material provided by any of the above embodiments; The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is stretched to expand or rebound to shrink, and the morphology and / or size of the irregular micro-nano structure in the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is changed to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, and keep the color of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material in the visible light band unchanged.

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through several embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the selected embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1 This embodiment provides a bionic photonic skin structure for decoupling and regulating visible light / thermal infrared spectrum. Figure 1 As shown, it includes a dielectric layer, an infrared functional layer, and an elastic layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0041] The elastomer layer uses PDMS with a thickness of about 1 mm, a width of 2 cm and a length of 6 cm. The curing agent ratio during the production process of the PDMS is 10:1, and it has certain elasticity and good rebound.

[0042] The infrared functional layer is made of 100nm W thick and the dielectric layer is made of WO3.

[0043] The stretching ratio was set to 30%.

[0044] The overall thickness of this wide-spectrum decoupled independent regulation film is 1mm, and it can independently and well have a modulation amplitude in the mid-infrared band.

[0045] The method for preparing the wide spectrum decoupling independent regulation film comprises: S1, pre-stretching the elastic layer S2. Perform magnetron sputtering on the pre-stretched state, set the power supply and current of the magnetron sputtering instrument, and sputter 100nm W and 233nm WO3. At this time, the sample is green.

[0046] S3. The pre-stretching force of the sputtered sample is removed, and an irregular microstructure is obtained on the surface. The size and shape of the microstructure are obtained by observation under SEM, and the production is completed.

[0047] By changing the thickness of tungsten oxide, the color of the sample can be changed. Figure 2 The multiple colors shown in the figure can be patterned later. And the photo of a wide spectrum decoupled independent regulation film prepared in this embodiment is shown in Figure 3 As shown in the figure, before stretching, its color is green. Applying the same force at both ends of the sample and adjusting the speed of force application can change the infrared emissivity of the material as follows: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, at this time the visible color can be kept unchanged at green, and the emissivity changes continuously with the change of stretching rate.

[0048] Example 2 A large-area flexible wide-spectrum decoupling independent regulation film provided in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1, including a dielectric layer, a metal layer, and an elastomer layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0049] The elastomer layer uses PDMS with a thickness of about 1 mm. The ratio of curing agent to PDMS in the production process is 30:1, and the PDMS has good elasticity and good rebound.

[0050] The infrared functional layer is made of 100nm W thick and the dielectric layer is made of WO3.

[0051] The stretch ratio was set to 50%.

[0052] The overall thickness of this wide-spectrum decoupled independent control device is 1mm, and it can independently and well have a modulation amplitude in the mid-infrared band.

[0053] A large-area flexible wide-spectrum decoupled independent regulation film is prepared in this embodiment, and the effect is similar to that of embodiment 1.

[0054] Example 3 The ultra-thin wide spectrum decoupling independent regulation film provided in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 1, and includes a dielectric layer, an infrared functional layer, and an elastomer layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0055] The elastomer layer uses PDMS with a thickness of about 100 μm. The ratio of curing agent to PDMS during the production process is 10:1, and the PDMS has good elasticity and good rebound.

[0056] The infrared functional layer is made of 100nm W thick and the dielectric layer is made of WO3.

[0057] The stretch ratio was set to 150%.

[0058] The overall thickness of this wide-spectrum decoupled independent control device is 100μm, and it can independently and well have a modulation amplitude in the mid-infrared band.

[0059] Example 4 This embodiment provides a wide spectrum decoupling independent regulation film which is similar to the embodiment 1, except that the metal layer is changed to Al.

[0060] Al also has high infrared reflectivity, and its infrared reflectivity is greater than W, so the reflectivity of this film before and after regulation is generally higher than that of Example 1, and its visible light saturation decreases to a certain extent. This implementation is also applicable to Example 2 and Example 3.

[0061] Example 5 This embodiment provides a wide spectrum decoupling independent regulation film which is similar to the embodiment 1, except that: an additional 10 nm metal layer is added on top of the dielectric layer, such as W, Ti, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0062] The added metal layer can improve the saturation of the color on the upper surface of the device, and a 10 nm metal layer is not enough to affect the long-wave infrared regulation. This embodiment is also applicable to Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4.

[0063] Example 6 This embodiment provides a wide spectrum decoupling independent regulation film which is similar to the embodiment 3, except that the elastomer layer is changed to Ecoflex with a thickness of 100 μm.

[0064] Green films can still be obtained, while the long-wave infrared emissivity is adjustable.

[0065] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example is substantially the same as Example 1, except that: Set the stretching rate below 30%, specifically 15%.

[0066] Due to the insufficient stretching rate, the size and density of the formed microstructure are relatively low, and the obtained film material can only show a low infrared regulation range. After testing, its infrared regulation range is less than 0.15%, which is significantly lower than the above-mentioned implementation case. In actual application, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of drastically adjusting the infrared emissivity.

[0067] Based on the above embodiments and comparative examples, it can be clearly seen that the present invention provided by the embodiments of the present invention uses an elastomer, pre-stretches it, and then forms a Fabry-Perot optical resonant cavity using convenient film-forming methods such as magnetron sputtering, spraying, spin coating, uniform coating, and electrodeposition, thereby producing structural color. At the same time, it is found that the infrared emissivity can be dynamically changed by stretching or releasing the contracted elastomer, and the color of the structural color can be kept unchanged while changing the infrared emissivity, thereby achieving decoupled regulation. The regulation method is convenient, efficient, and low-cost, and is very beneficial to the widespread application of infrared functional materials.

[0068] It should be understood that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, characterized in that: It comprises an elastic layer, an infrared functional layer and a dielectric layer which are stacked in sequence; The elastic layer has a stretching-rebounding property along a plane direction, the material of the infrared functional layer includes a metal element, and the material of the dielectric layer includes an oxide; The infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer form a Fabry-Perot optical resonant cavity to form a structural color; In a natural state, the infrared functional layer has an irregular micro-nano structure, and the irregular micro-nano structure changes in shape and / or size as the elastomer layer stretches, expands or rebounds and shrinks to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material.

2. The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elongation at break of the elastic layer in the plane direction is greater than the elongation at break of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer; The irregular micro-nano structure includes wrinkles and / or micro-cracks generated by the stretching expansion or rebound contraction of the elastomer layer.

3. The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the elastomer layer is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1 mm; and / or, the elongation at break of the elastomer layer in the planar direction is greater than 30%; And / or, the total thickness of the infrared functional layer and the dielectric layer is above 100 nm.

4. The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the elastomer layer includes any one or a combination of two or more of PDMS, Ecoflex, acrylic film, ACM, ADE, and LCE; And / or, the material of the infrared functional layer includes any one or a combination of two or more of W, Al, Ag, Au, and Ga; And / or, the material of the dielectric layer includes any one of WO3, TiO2, ITO, SiO2 or a combination of two or more thereof.

5. The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material has an adjustment band of 3-15 μm, and an adjustment range of more than 30%.

6. A method for preparing a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, characterized in that: include: pre-stretching the elastomer layer; Keeping the stretched state, depositing an infrared functional layer on the surface of the elastomer layer; The stretched state is released, so that the elastic layer shrinks and rebounds, so that at least the infrared functional layer forms an irregular micro-nano structure; And, a step of depositing a dielectric layer on the surface of the infrared functional layer.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pre-stretching stretching ratio is above 30%.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The infrared functional layer and / or dielectric layer may be deposited by any one of spin coating, spray coating, scraping coating, brush coating, magnetron sputtering, and electrodeposition, or a combination of two or more thereof.

9. Use of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of surface decoration or optics.

10. A method for adjusting infrared emissivity, characterized in that: include: Providing a skin-like visible-infrared composite film material as described in any one of claims 1 to 5; The skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is stretched to expand or rebound to shrink, and the morphology and / or size of the irregular micro-nano structure in the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material is changed to adjust the infrared emissivity of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material, and keep the color of the skin-like visible-infrared composite film material in the visible light band unchanged.

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