Ecological bag suitable for ecological transformation of ditch bottom of soil ditch and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological bag suitable for ecologicalization transformation of the bottom of a soil ditch, the ecological bag comprises an ecological planting bag, an ecological anaerobic bag and an ecological bag fixing piece used for fixing the ecological planting bag and the ecological anaerobic bag, and the invention further discloses a construction method for ecologicalization transformation of the bottom of the soil ditch through the ecological bag. According to the ecological bag and the construction method, the ecological transformation difficulty of the ditch bottom of a common farmland soil drainage ditch can be effectively reduced, the water flow height is reasonably controlled, the retention time and disordered flow of drainage in the drainage ditch are promoted, and the in-situ digestion efficiency of farmland water return agricultural non-point source pollution is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment, and specifically relates to an ecological bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] Ditches are an important part of the farmland drainage system. They are channels for farmland surface runoff and some infiltration to flow into lakes and rivers. Farmland drainage ditches with sediment and aquatic plants are generally called ecological ditches. The plant-sediment-microorganism system in the ecological ditch enables the ditch to perform functions similar to wetlands during the base flow period when the water flow is slow.

[0003] In ecological ditches, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations carried in the runoff can be effectively reduced through sediment interception, plant absorption and microbial decomposition, achieving the effects of "three removals" (removing garbage, silt and weeds) and "three interceptions" (intercepting sewage, sediment and floating objects).

[0004] China is one of the countries with the largest amount of fertilizer application in the world, but the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in farmland has not been high. According to relevant research statistics, it is about 30% to 35% and 10% to 20%. The nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied to farmland that are not absorbed and utilized by crops will enter surface water and groundwater through rainfall and leakage, causing pollution. The control measures for agricultural non-point source pollution are mainly divided into source control and terminal treatment, among which source control is the most effective. In source control, plant buffer zones, artificial wetlands, ecological ditches, etc. are the most common practices. Among them, ecological ditches are more suitable for promotion and application in rural areas due to their low construction cost and high pollution removal efficiency.

[0005] The drainage water generated by most farmlands in my country during agricultural production has become an important path for agricultural non-point source pollution to enter water bodies. The drainage ditches between farmlands in my country are generally traditional earthen ditches or hardened ditches. Both forms of ditch systems only focus on their drainage function and have little effect on the interception of suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus. The two major foundations for building ecological ditches are substrates and plants. The ecological transformation of ordinary farmland soil drainage ditches needs to start from these two aspects, so that they can have the effect of purifying water bodies while draining water.

[0006] At present, the ecological transformation of common soil drainage ditches in ordinary farmland is mainly carried out by fully covering and hardening with grass-planted hollow bricks combined with aquatic plant planting. However, this semi-hardened ditch treatment method is more suitable for large ditches (width of more than 2m) with large water flow and deep water. For small soil ditches (width of 1-2m), the above transformation method has the difficulty of covering with hollow bricks due to the large slope of the ditch wall. If the hardening is carried out by covering with cement blanket or concrete, it can only be used as a drainage ditch and cannot play the role of an ecological ditch. At present, the ecological transformation of small ditches mainly starts from the ditch bottom matrix, and selects sand, gravel and other materials with good water permeability and low price. In addition, a matrix with strong adsorption or conducive to microbial growth can also be added, such as zeolite and volcanic rock. The laying thickness of the matrix should meet the requirements of plant planting, generally more than 20cm is appropriate to ensure that the roots of the plants have enough growth space. However, this method is more suitable for the transformation of small hardened ditches, because compared with hardened ditches, small earth ditches have the problem of water carrying more sediment, easy seepage, and easy growth of weeds, which leads to sediment blocking the matrix, serious seepage leading to low water level in the dry season, and weeds clogging the ditch. It is not suitable for the ecological transformation of small earth ditches.

[0007] To address the above problems, the present invention intends to combine the eco-bag technology with the characteristics of ordinary farmland soil drainage ditches to develop a new type of eco-bag for transforming ordinary farmland soil small drainage ditches and a method of using the eco-bag to transform ordinary farmland soil drainage ditches into efficient ecological ditches. Summary of the invention

[0008] The invention aims to provide an eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottoms.

[0009] The present invention also aims at providing a construction method for ecologically transforming the bottom of an earthen ditch using the above-mentioned eco-bags.

[0010] The first object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: an eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom, comprising an eco-planting bag, an eco-anaerobic bag and an eco-bag fixing part for fixing the eco-planting bag and the eco-anaerobic bag;

[0011] The bag body of the ecological planting bag is provided with uniform plant growth holes, and the bag body of the ecological planting bag is provided with an ecological planting bag filler;

[0012] The bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag is provided with uniform water exchange holes, and the bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag is provided with ecological anaerobic bag fillers;

[0013] The eco-bag fixing part includes a bent plate, an embedded anchor rod, a fixing part, an embedded anchor rod hole and an eco-bag clamping rod. The embedded anchor rod and the embedded anchor rod hole are multiple and evenly distributed on the long axis center line of the bent plate. The embedded anchor rod presses the bent plate into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch through the embedded anchor rod hole and fixes it with the fixing part. The eco-bag clamping rod is multiple and evenly distributed between the embedded anchor rod holes.

[0014] The eco-bag fixings are laid in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, and the eco-bag fixings in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and there is a gap between the eco-bag fixings in two adjacent rows and between two adjacent eco-bag fixings in the same row;

[0015] The ecological anaerobic bags are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditches and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rods; the ecological planting bags are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts in an adjacent row along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditches and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rods, and the ecological anaerobic bags and the ecological planting bags are alternately distributed on the ecological bag fixing parts in two adjacent rows.

[0016] Preferably, the ecological planting bag is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 20-30 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm.

[0017] More preferably, the ecological planting bag is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 20 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the diameter of the plant growth holes is 1-2 cm, and the hole spacing is 2-4 cm.

[0019] More preferably, the diameter of the plant growth hole is 1 cm and the hole spacing is 3 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the ecological planting bag filler is composed of fibrous thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste and coarse sand, and the dry weight mass ratio of the thoroughly decomposed garden waste or fibrous agricultural production waste to the coarse sand is 1:2-1:3. More preferably, the dry weight mass ratio of the thoroughly decomposed garden waste or fibrous agricultural production waste to the coarse sand is 1:2.

[0021] Preferably, the ecological anaerobic bag is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 10-15 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm.

[0022] More preferably, the ecological anaerobic bag is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 10 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm.

[0023] Preferably, the diameter of the water exchange holes is 0.5-1 cm, and the hole spacing is 1-2 cm.

[0024] More preferably, the diameter of the water exchange holes is 0.5 cm, and the hole spacing is 1 cm.

[0025] Preferably, the filler of the ecological anaerobic bag is lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 cm. Before filling, the lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste is carbonized under anaerobic conditions at 70° C. to 120° C. in a closed environment for at least 12 hours to biocharize the waste surface.

[0026] More preferably, the filler of the ecological anaerobic bag is lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 cm. Before filling, the lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste is carbonized under anaerobic conditions at 70°C to 120°C in a closed environment for 12 hours to biocharize the waste surface.

[0027] Preferably, the bent plate is a tile-shaped bent plate with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10-15 cm, a thickness of 1-2 cm, and an arc-shaped cross-section with the arc opening facing upward.

[0028] More preferably, the bent plate is a tile-shaped bent plate with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10 cm, a thickness of 1 cm, and an arc-shaped cross-section with the arc opening facing upward.

[0029] Preferably, the length of the embedded anchor rod is 50 cm and the diameter is 2 cm. It is a non-prestressed full-length anchored friction anchor rod in the soil layer, and its embedded end is in the shape of an elongated oval.

[0030] Preferably, the fixing member is a clip having a diameter of 3 cm, which can be slidably disposed on the earth anchor rod and fix the bent plate to the bottom of the farmland soil ditch.

[0031] Preferably, there are three anchor rods and three anchor rod holes, the diameter of the anchor rod holes is the same as the diameter of the anchor rods, and the hole spacing is 20 cm.

[0032] Preferably, there are four eco-bag clamping rods, each of which has a length of 10 cm, a diameter of 1 cm, and a distance between the rods of 10 cm.

[0033] Preferably, the gap between two adjacent rows of eco-bag fixings (3) is 28-35 cm, and the gap between two adjacent eco-bag fixings (3) in the same row is 10-15 cm. The specific goal is to ensure close contact between the eco-planting bags and the eco-anaerobic bags without leakage at the bottom of the ditch.

[0034] The second object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: A construction method for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom using the above-mentioned eco-bags, comprising the following steps:

[0035] (S1) cleaning the bottom of the farmland soil ditch to expose the original soil layer, loosening the original soil layer, and reinforcing the ditch wall according to actual conditions;

[0036] (S2) laying the bent plates of the eco-bag fixing member in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, with two adjacent rows of bent plates arranged alternately, inserting the burying anchor rod into the burying anchor rod hole, and using the fixing member to press the bent plates and press the burying anchor rod into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch;

[0037] (S3) Each time one row of bent plates is alternated, the ecological anaerobic bag is pressed into the ecological bag clamping rod, and on the remaining rows of bent plates, the ecological planting bag is pressed onto the ecological bag clamping rod, that is, the ecological anaerobic bags and the ecological planting bags are alternately arranged on the ecological bag fixing members of two adjacent rows;

[0038] (S4) A plurality of ecological planting bags, ecological anaerobic bags and ecological bag fixings are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch to form an ecological bag section, an ecological bag spacing area is arranged between two adjacent ecological bag sections, and the ecological bag spacing area is covered with gravel. The ecological planting bags and ecological anaerobic bags on the same row of ecological bag fixings in two adjacent ecological bag sections are arranged alternately.

[0039] Preferably, in step (S1), the thickness of the original soil layer after loosening is 10-20 cm.

[0040] Preferably, the distance between the eco-bag intervals in step (S4) is 50-100 cm.

[0041] Preferably, the particle size of the crushed stone in step (S4) is 4-6 cm.

[0042] Preferably, the thickness of the gravel in step (S4) is flush with the upper surface of the ecological planting bag.

[0043] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0044] (1) Effectively reduce the difficulty of ecological transformation of ordinary farmland soil drainage ditches

[0045] The ecological planting bags, ecological anaerobic bags, ecological bag fixings, and gravel described in the present invention are simple to make, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the material cost is low, the construction method is simple, the single weight is low, and no special equipment is required; the construction method is that the strip ecological bags are combined to cover the ditch bottom along the ditch direction, and two ecological bags are fixed with special fixings. After the construction is completed, the ecological bag combination is firmly attached to and completely covers the ditch bottom, which is suitable for the narrow and irregular working surface at the bottom of small soil ditches, and can be applied to the ecological transformation of ordinary farmland soil small drainage ditches of various forms and sections. After the ecological bag covers the soil drainage ditch bottom, it can reduce the exposure of the soil at the bottom of the soil ditch, reduce the growth of weeds at the bottom of the ditch, reduce the difficulty of daily maintenance, and reduce the possibility of silting of the drainage ditch by plant growth. The eco-bag body does not directly contact the ditch bottom, but is fixed by the eco-bag fixing parts. The bent plate can reduce the possibility of deformation of the bag body after covering the ditch bottom, which may lead to damage of the eco-bag. The eco-bag body is fixed by directly connecting the anchor rod and the eco-bag to make the bag body tightly connected, which can effectively reduce the scouring and damage to the ditch bottom during the drainage process of large flow and high flow rate during heavy rainfall.

[0046] (2) Reasonably control the water flow height to promote the retention time and disorderly flow of drainage in the drainage ditch

[0047] The cross-sectional diameters of the ecological planting bags and the ecological anaerobic bags are different, and the cross-sectional layout is staggered. It is only necessary to set up simple water barriers (such as low earth embankments, brick embankments, gravel embankments, etc.) that do not affect the drainage section at certain positions of the ditch, so that the water flow height completely overflows the ecological anaerobic bags and does not exceed the upper surface of the ecological planting bags. The ecological bags can achieve better results. The set ecological bag intervals and the staggered layout of each ecological bag section on the plane can make the base flow constantly in a state of obstruction and forced mixing during the flow process, lengthen the base flow retention time in the ditch, effectively increase the contact time between non-point source pollutants in the base flow and plant roots, biofilms, and matrix in the bag, and improve the on-site elimination efficiency of non-point source pollution.

[0048] (3) Improve the efficiency of on-site elimination of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by farmland drainage

[0049] The plant growth holes provided in the ecological planting bag 1 can plant aquatic plants that can efficiently eliminate farmland non-point source pollution. The coarse sand in the bag and the plant root system form a biofilm carrier together. The root system can effectively absorb nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in the base flow. The aerobic environment and the biofilm can fully carry out nitrification reaction, further reducing the concentration of ammonium ions. The nitrite and nitrate ions produced by the nitrification reaction further enter the ecological anaerobic bag 2, further produce denitrification reaction, and finally play a role in the on-site elimination of nitrogen pollution. The thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste (fiber) in the matrix in the bag can adsorb non-point source pollution phosphorus compounds. Since the thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste (fiber) belongs to the underwater aerobic state in the further oxidation and decay process in the ecological bag (the plant root system can provide trace oxygen in the bag), the organic matter produced is an important organic carbon source, which flows into the ecological anaerobic bag 2 with the water flow. The ecological anaerobic bag 2 is completely at the bottom of the base flow. The surface biocharized lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste in the bag is a favorable environment for the occurrence of denitrification reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the ecological planting bag in Example 1;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological anaerobic bag in Example 1;

[0052] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a bent plate in Example 1;

[0053] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the middle bending plate 1-1;

[0054] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the anchor rod embedded in the soil in Example 1;

[0055] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of step (S1) of cleaning the ditch bottom and loosening the bottom mud in Example 2;

[0056] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional diagram of placing the eco-bag fixing member in step (S2) of Example 2;

[0057] Figure 8 It is a plan view of placing the eco-bag fixing member in step (S2) of Example 2;

[0058] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of installing an anchor rod into the soil in step (S3) of Example 2;

[0059] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of pressing the ecological planting bag and the ecological anaerobic bag in step (S3) of Example 2;

[0060] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of the eco-bag compartment in step (S4) of Example 2;

[0061] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of base flow flow and mixing in step (S4) of Example 2;

[0062] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the ditch base flow in step (S4) of Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following examples are conventional commercially available or commercially available raw materials, and unless otherwise specified, the methods and equipment used in the following examples are conventional methods and equipment used in the art.

[0064] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0065] Example 1

[0066] The eco-bag provided in this embodiment is suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom, comprising an eco-planting bag 1, an eco-anaerobic bag 2 and an eco-bag fixing member 3 for fixing the eco-planting bag 1 and the eco-anaerobic bag 2;

[0067] The bag body of the ecological planting bag 1 is provided with uniform plant growth holes 11, and the bag body of the ecological planting bag 1 is provided with an ecological planting bag filler 12;

[0068] The bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag 2 is provided with uniform water exchange holes 21, and the bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag 2 is provided with an ecological anaerobic bag filler 22;

[0069] The eco-bag fixing member 3 includes a bent plate 31, an embedded anchor rod 32, a fixing member 33, an embedded anchor rod hole 34 and an eco-bag clamping rod 35. The embedded anchor rod 32 and the embedded anchor rod hole 34 are multiple and evenly distributed on the long axis center line of the bent plate 31. The embedded anchor rod 32 presses the bent plate 31 into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch through the embedded anchor rod hole 34 and is fixed by the fixing member 33. The eco-bag clamping rod 35 is multiple and evenly distributed between the embedded anchor rod holes 34.

[0070] The eco-bag fixing members 3 are laid in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, and the eco-bag fixing members 3 in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and there is a gap between the eco-bag fixing members 3 in two adjacent rows and between two adjacent eco-bag fixing members 3 in the same row;

[0071] Preferably, the gap between the central axes of two adjacent rows of eco-bag fixings 3 is 28-35 cm, and the gap between two adjacent eco-bag fixings 3 in the same row is 10-15 cm. The specific goal is to ensure close contact between the ecological planting bags and the ecological anaerobic bags without leakage at the bottom of the ditch.

[0072] The ecological anaerobic bags 2 are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts 3 along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditches and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rods 35; the ecological planting bags 1 are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts 3 in an adjacent row along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditches and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rods 35, and the ecological anaerobic bags 2 and the ecological planting bags 1 are alternately distributed on the ecological bag fixing parts 3 in two adjacent rows.

[0073] Preferably, the ecological planting bag 1 is a long round tube bag with a length of 2 to 4 meters, a diameter of 20-30 cm, a bag wall thickness of 2 mm, a hole diameter of the plant growth hole 11 of 1-2 cm, and a hole spacing of 2-4 cm. The ecological planting bag filler 12 is composed of thoroughly decomposed garden waste or fibrous agricultural production waste and coarse sand, and the dry weight ratio of the thoroughly decomposed fibrous garden waste or agricultural production waste to coarse sand is 1:2-1:3.

[0074] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the ecological planting bag 1 is a long round tube ecological bag (made of double-sided ironed needle-punched non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (PP) or polyester fiber (PET) as raw materials), with a bag wall thickness of 2mm (the thickness of ordinary ecological bags is usually 0.8mm), a bag body diameter of about 20cm, and a length of 2 to 4 meters. The bag body is provided with uniform plant growth holes with a hole diameter of 1cm and a hole spacing of 3cm. The filling inside the bag body is: one part of thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste (fiber) with a dry weight of 1, and 2 parts of coarse sand.

[0075] Preferably, the ecological anaerobic bag 2 is a long round tube bag with a length of 2 to 4 meters, a diameter of 10 to 15 cm, a bag wall thickness of 2 mm, a water exchange hole 21 with a hole diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm, and a hole spacing of 1 to 2 cm. The ecological anaerobic bag filler 22 is lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 cm. Before filling, the lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste is subjected to anoxic carbonization treatment at 70° C. to 120° C. in a closed environment for at least 12 hours to biocharize the waste surface.

[0076] Specifically, Figure 2As shown, the eco-anaerobic bag 2 is a long round tube eco-bag (made of double-sided ironed needle-punched non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (PP) or polyester fiber (PET) as raw materials), with a bag wall thickness of 2mm (the thickness of ordinary eco-bags is usually 0.8mm). The diameter is about 10cm, and the length is the same as the eco-planting bag 1. The bag body is provided with uniform water exchange holes, with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a hole spacing of 2cm. The filling material inside the bag is: lignified garden waste with a particle size of 0.5 to 1cm. Before filling the lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste, it should be carbonized in anoxic conditions at 70℃ to 120℃ for 12 hours in a closed environment to make the waste surface biochar.

[0077] Preferably, the bent plate 31 is a tile-shaped bent plate with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10 cm, a thickness of 1 cm, and an arc-shaped cross section with the arc opening facing upward.

[0078] Preferably, the soil anchor rod 32 has a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 2 cm. It is a soil layer non-prestressed full-length anchoring friction anchor rod, and its soil-entering end is in an oblong shape.

[0079] Preferably, the fixing member 33 is a clip having a diameter of 3 cm, which can be slidably disposed on the earth anchor rod 32 and fix the bent plate 31 to the bottom of the farmland soil ditch.

[0080] Preferably, there are three anchor rods 32 and three anchor rod holes 34, the diameter of the anchor rod holes 34 is the same as the diameter of the anchor rods, and the hole spacing is 20 cm.

[0081] Preferably, there are four eco-bag clamping rods 35 , each of which has a length of 10 cm, a diameter of 1 cm, and a distance between the rods of 10 cm.

[0082] Specifically, Figure 3-5 As shown, the eco-bag fixing part 3 includes a bent plate 31 and an anchor rod 32. The bent plate 31 is a tile-shaped bent plate with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10 cm, a thickness of 1 cm, and a circular arc section with the arc opening facing upward. Three anchor rod holes 34 with a hole diameter of 2 cm are arranged on the long axis centerline of the bent plate, and the hole spacing is 20 cm; four eco-bag clamping rods 35 are arranged between the anchor rod holes 34 on the long axis centerline, with a rod length of 10 cm, a diameter of 1 cm, and a rod spacing of 10 cm. The anchor rod 32 is 50 cm long and has a rod diameter of 2 cm. The rod body is polished to a litchi surface. It is a non-prestressed full-length anchor friction anchor rod for the soil layer. A 3 cm diameter clamp (fixing part 33) is arranged at the rod end, and the end entering the soil is long and oval.

[0083] In this aspect, the eco-bag can cover the bottom of the soil drainage ditch, which can reduce the exposure of the soil at the bottom of the soil ditch, reduce the amount of weeds growing at the bottom of the ditch, reduce the difficulty of daily maintenance, and reduce the possibility of silting up of plants in the drainage ditch. The eco-bag body does not directly contact the bottom of the ditch, but is fixed by the eco-bag fixing parts. The bent plate can reduce the possibility of deformation of the bag body after covering the bottom of the ditch, which may lead to damage to the eco-bag; the eco-bag body fixing method adopts the method of directly connecting the anchor rod and the eco-bag, so that the bag body is connected tightly, which can effectively reduce the scouring and damage to the bottom of the ditch during the drainage process of large flow and high flow rate during heavy rainfall.

[0084] Moreover, the ecological planting bags, ecological anaerobic bags, ecological bag fixings and gravel described in the present invention are simple to make or the raw materials are easily obtained, the material cost is low, the construction method is simple, the single weight is low, and no special equipment is required. They are suitable for the narrow working surface at the bottom of the earth ditch, and can be used for the ecological transformation of ordinary farmland earth drainage ditches of various forms and sections.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] The construction method provided in this embodiment for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom using the eco-bag in embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:

[0087] Step (S1): Clean the bottom of the soil farmland drainage ditch to expose the original soil layer, and loosen the original soil layer manually to a thickness of 10 cm. The ditch wall is reinforced according to the actual situation, such as Figure 6 shown.

[0088] Step (S2): laying the bent plates 31 of the eco-bag fixing member 3 in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, with two adjacent rows of bent plates 31 staggered, inserting the burying anchor rod 32 into the burying anchor rod hole 34, and using the fixing member 33 to press the bent plates 31 and press the burying anchor rod 32 into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch;

[0089] Specifically, according to the width of the ditch bottom, calculate the number of rows of eco-bag fixings 3 required, and press the eco-bag fixings 3 firmly on the soft soil at the bottom of the ditch. The best horizontal placement method is: the distance between the central axes of the eco-bag fixings 3 is 28cm. This distance can ensure that when the ecological planting bags 1 and the ecological anaerobic bags 2 are installed later, the bags are in close contact with each other and the amount of bags used is minimized. According to actual conditions, the central axis distance of the eco-bag fixings 3 can also be appropriately expanded. According to practical experience, it should be kept within 35cm. Otherwise, the spacing between the eco-bags is too large, resulting in the bottom mud being exposed, making it difficult to achieve the ideal effect of on-site elimination of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus. The longitudinal spacing of the eco-bag fixings 3 is 10cm. The longitudinal length of each section is the same as that of the eco-bag. Figure 7 , 8 shown.

[0090] Insert the anchor rod 32 into the anchor rod hole 33 on each bent plate 31 in sequence, so that the clamp presses the bent plate 31 tightly. Fig. 9 shown.

[0091] Step (S3): Each time one row of bent plates 31 is alternated, the ecological anaerobic bag 2 is pressed into the ecological bag clamping rod 35, and on the remaining rows of bent plates 31, the ecological planting bag 1 is pressed into the ecological bag clamping rod 35, that is, the ecological anaerobic bags 2 and the ecological planting bags 1 are alternately arranged on the two adjacent rows of ecological bag fixing members 3;

[0092] Specifically, each time a row of bent plates 31 is alternated, the ecological anaerobic bags 2 are alternately pressed into the ecological bag clamping rods 35. On the remaining rows of bent plates 31, the ecological planting bags 1 are pressed into the ecological bag clamping rods 35. Fig.10 shown.

[0093] (S4) A plurality of ecological planting bags 1, ecological anaerobic bags 2 and ecological bag fixings 3 are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch to form an ecological bag section, an ecological bag spacing area is provided between two adjacent ecological bag sections, and the ecological bag spacing area is covered with gravel, and the ecological planting bags 1 and the ecological anaerobic bags 2 on the same row of ecological bag fixings 3 in two adjacent ecological bag sections are alternately arranged.

[0094] Specifically, each overlapping combination of the ecological planting bag 1 and the ecological anaerobic bag 2 in the longitudinal direction forms an ecological bag section. Each ecological bag section is spaced 50 to 100 cm in the longitudinal direction to form an ecological bag spacing zone. The scattered gravel with a particle size of 5 to 8 cm in the ecological bag isolation zone is completely covered, and the covering thickness is that the upper surface of the gravel layer is basically level with the upper edge of the ecological planting bag 1. The placement of the two adjacent ecological bag sections isolated by the ecological bag isolation zone should be staggered in the longitudinal direction. Fig.11 shown.

[0095] In this way, the cross-sectional diameters of the ecological planting bag 1 and the ecological anaerobic bag 2 are different, and the cross-sectional arrangement is staggered. It is only necessary to set up simple water barriers (such as low earth embankments, brick embankments, gravel embankments, etc.) that do not affect the drainage section at certain positions of the ditch, so that the base flow height completely overflows the ecological anaerobic bag 2 and does not exceed the upper surface of the ecological planting bag 1, so that the ecological bag can achieve a better effect. The set ecological bag interval area and the staggered arrangement of each ecological bag section on the plane can make the base flow constantly in a state of obstruction and forced mixing during the flow process, prolong the base flow retention time in the ditch, and effectively increase the contact time between non-point source pollutants in the base flow and plant roots, biofilms, and matrix in the bag, thereby improving the on-site elimination efficiency of non-point source pollution. Fig.12 shown.

[0096] Moreover, the plant growth holes provided in the ecological planting bag 1 of the present invention can plant aquatic plants that can efficiently eliminate farmland non-point source pollution. The coarse sand in the bag and the plant root system together form a biofilm carrier, and the root system can effectively absorb nitrogen and phosphorus non-point source pollution in the base flow. The aerobic environment and the biofilm can fully carry out nitrification reaction, further reducing the concentration of ammonium ions. The nitrite and nitrate ions produced by the nitrification reaction further enter the ecological anaerobic bag 2, further producing a denitrification reaction, and finally playing a role in the on-site elimination of nitrogen pollution. The thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste (fiber) in the matrix in the bag can adsorb non-point source pollution phosphorus compounds. Since the thoroughly decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste (fiber) is in an underwater aerobic state during the further oxidation and decay process in the eco-bag (the plant roots can provide trace oxygen in the bag), the organic matter produced is an important organic carbon source and flows into the eco-anaerobic bag 2 with the water flow. The eco-anaerobic bag 2 is completely at the bottom of the base flow. The surface biocharized lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste in the bag is a favorable environment for the denitrification reaction. Fig.13 shown.

[0097] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. A person skilled in the art can achieve the purpose of the present invention based on the above disclosure of the present invention, and any improvement and deformation based on the concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the specific protection scope shall be subject to the claims.

Claims

1. An eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom, characterized in that: The invention comprises an ecological planting bag (1), an ecological anaerobic bag (2), and an ecological bag fixing member (3) for fixing the ecological planting bag (1) and the ecological anaerobic bag (2). The bag body of the ecological planting bag (1) is provided with uniform plant growth holes (11), and the bag body of the ecological planting bag (1) is provided with an ecological planting bag filler (12); The bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag (2) is provided with uniform water exchange holes (21), and the bag body of the ecological anaerobic bag (2) is provided with an ecological anaerobic bag filler (22); The eco-bag fixing member (3) comprises a bent plate (31), an embedded anchor rod (32), a fixing member (33), an embedded anchor rod hole (34) and an eco-bag clamping rod (35); the embedded anchor rod (32) and the embedded anchor rod hole (34) are multiple and evenly distributed on the long axis center line of the bent plate (31); the embedded anchor rod (32) presses the bent plate (31) into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch through the embedded anchor rod hole (34) and fixes it with the fixing member (33); the eco-bag clamping rod (35) is multiple and evenly distributed between the embedded anchor rod holes (34); The eco-bag fixing members (3) are sequentially laid along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, and the eco-bag fixing members (3) in two adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, and a gap is provided between the eco-bag fixing members (3) in two adjacent rows and between two adjacent eco-bag fixing members (3) in the same row; The ecological anaerobic bags (2) are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts (3) along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rod (35); the ecological planting bags (1) are sequentially laid on the ecological bag fixing parts (3) in an adjacent row along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch and fixed by the ecological bag clamping rod (35), and the ecological anaerobic bags (2) and the ecological planting bags (1) are alternately distributed on the ecological bag fixing parts (3) in two adjacent rows.

2. The eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological planting bag (1) is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 20-30 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm. The plant growth holes (11) have a hole diameter of 1-2 cm and a hole spacing of 2-4 cm. The ecological planting bag filler (12) is composed of fiber-like fully decomposed garden waste or agricultural production waste and coarse sand. The dry weight mass ratio of the fully decomposed garden waste or fiber-like agricultural production waste to the coarse sand is 1:2-1:

3.

3. The eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological anaerobic bag (2) is a long round tube bag with a length of 2-4 meters, a diameter of 10-15 cm, and a bag wall thickness of 2 mm. The water exchange hole (21) has a hole diameter of 0.5-1 cm and a hole spacing of 1-2 cm. The ecological anaerobic bag filler (22) is lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste with a particle size of 0.5-1 cm. Before filling, the lignified garden waste or lignified agricultural waste is subjected to anoxic carbonization treatment at 70°C-120°C in a closed environment for at least 12 hours to make the waste surface biochar.

4. The eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bent plate (31) is a bent plate in the shape of a tile as a whole, with a length of 50 cm, a width of 10-15 cm, a thickness of 1-2 cm, and a circular arc section with the arc opening facing upwards. The length of the embedded anchor rod (32) is 50 cm and a diameter of 2 cm. It is a non-prestressed full-length anchor friction anchor rod in the soil layer, and its embedded end is in the shape of an oblong. The fixing member (33) is a clip with a diameter of 3 cm, which can be slidably arranged on the embedded anchor rod (32) and fix the bent plate (31) to the bottom of the farmland soil ditch. There are three embedded anchor rods (32) and embedded anchor rod holes (34). The hole diameter of the embedded anchor rod hole (34) is the same as the diameter of the embedded anchor rod (32), and the hole spacing is 20 cm. There are four ecological bag clamp rods (35). The length of the ecological bag clamp rod (35) is 10 cm, the diameter is 1 cm, and the rod spacing is 10 cm.

5. The eco-bag suitable for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The distance between the central axes of two adjacent rows of eco-bag fixing members (3) is 28-35 cm, and the distance between the central axes of two adjacent eco-bag fixing members (3) in the same row is 10-15 cm.

6. A construction method for ecological transformation of soil ditch bottom using the eco-bag according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (S1) cleaning the bottom of the farmland soil ditch to expose the original soil layer, loosening the original soil layer, and reinforcing the ditch wall according to actual conditions; (S2) laying the bent plates (31) of the eco-bag fixing member (3) in sequence along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch, with two adjacent rows of bent plates (31) arranged alternately, inserting the burying anchor rod (32) into the burying anchor rod hole (34), and using the fixing member (33) to press the bent plates (31) and press the burying anchor rod (32) into the bottom of the farmland soil ditch; (S3) Each time one row of bent plates (31) is alternated, the ecological anaerobic bag (2) is pressed into the ecological bag clamping rod (35), and on the remaining rows of bent plates (31), the ecological planting bag (1) is pressed into the ecological bag clamping rod (35), that is, the ecological anaerobic bag (2) and the ecological planting bag (1) are alternately distributed on the two adjacent rows of ecological bag fixing members (3); (S4) A plurality of ecological planting bags (1), ecological anaerobic bags (2) and ecological bag fixing parts (3) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the farmland soil ditch to form an ecological bag section, an ecological bag spacing area is arranged between two adjacent ecological bag sections, and the ecological bag spacing area is covered with gravel. The ecological planting bags (1) and the ecological anaerobic bags (2) on the same row of ecological bag fixing parts (3) in two adjacent ecological bag sections are arranged alternately.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that In step (S1), the original soil layer is loosened to a thickness of 10-15 cm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The distance between the ecological bag intervals in step (S4) is 50-100 cm.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The particle size of the crushed stone in step (S4) is 4-6 cm.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The thickness of the crushed stone in step (S4) is flush with the upper surface of the ecological planting bag (1).

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