Open pit coal mine full-continuous coal mining layered mining system and layered mining method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of open-pit coal mine mining, in particular to an open-pit coal mine full-continuous coal mining layered mining system which comprises an excavating unit, a coal mining unit, a coal mining unit, a coal mining unit, a coal mining unit, a coal mining unit and a monitoring unit, and the excavating unit is used for carrying out continuous layered excavating operation on a coal seam of an open-pit coal mine; the crushing unit is used for screening and crushing excavated coal briquettes and ores and comprises a mounting frame, a shell is mounted on the mounting frame, a filtering cavity, a crushing cavity and a deposition cavity are sequentially formed in the shell from top to bottom, a feeding port and a discharging port are formed in the side walls of the two sides of the filtering cavity respectively, and a power assembly is mounted at the bottom of the deposition cavity; a crushing assembly is mounted in the crushing cavity, and the power assembly is used for providing driving force for the crushing assembly; the system further comprises a transfer unit, a transportation unit and a control unit used for monitoring the operation state of each unit. A plurality of functional units such as excavating, screening, crushing, transferring, transporting and intelligent monitoring are integrated, and an efficient, automatic and intelligent mining system is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of open-pit coal mining, and in particular to a fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining system and a stratified mining method for an open-pit coal mine. Background Art

[0002] As global energy demand continues to rise, coal, as a key energy pillar, is particularly important for efficient, safe and environmentally friendly mining technology. The traditional open-pit coal mining model is limited by the intermittent operation process, and there are significant efficiency bottlenecks and safety hazards in every link from excavation, loading to transportation. Specifically, intermittent mining leads to frequent start and stop of equipment, discontinuous operation process, increased waiting time of operators and equipment idle rate, which seriously restricts the improvement of overall mining efficiency.

[0003] In addition, the shortcomings of traditional mining methods in terms of safety monitoring and risk assessment cannot be ignored. During coal mining, geological conditions are complex and changeable, and the stability of coal seam steps is easily affected by various factors such as stress changes, vibrations, and temperature fluctuations. These factors are often difficult to monitor and evaluate in a timely and accurate manner, thereby increasing the risk of safety accidents such as collapse. Environmental pollution is also a major challenge facing traditional mining methods. The dust generated during coal seam stripping and coal block crushing not only threatens the health of workers, but also causes serious pollution to the environment and affects the balance of the surrounding ecosystem.

[0004] In view of the above status quo and challenges, the concept of full-continuous and layered mining came into being, bringing revolutionary changes to open-pit coal mining technology. Full-continuous mining refers to the continuous and uninterrupted operation process in all links from coal seam stripping, coal block crushing to transfer and transportation, which greatly reduces equipment replacement, waiting time and manual intervention, thereby significantly improving mining efficiency. Compared with traditional intermittent mining, the full-continuous mining mode can maintain the continuity and stability of mining operations, making the production process smoother and resource utilization higher.

[0005] Layered mining is a scientific mining method designed for the complex geological conditions of open-pit coal mines. By dividing the coal seam into multiple horizontal or inclined steps for layer-by-layer mining, the effects of stress changes, vibrations, and temperature on the stability of the coal seam during the mining process can be effectively controlled. Layered mining not only improves the safety of mining operations and reduces the probability of safety accidents such as collapse, but also facilitates refined management and optimizes mining sequence and resource allocation.

[0006] Therefore, the development of a fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining system and a stratified mining method for open-pit coal mines is of great significance for improving mining efficiency, ensuring operation safety, improving the working environment, reducing operating costs and protecting the ecological environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining system and a stratified mining method for an open-pit coal mine, which integrates multiple functional units such as mining, screening, crushing, transfer, transportation and intelligent monitoring to form an efficient, automated and intelligent mining system, which can not only effectively improve the mining efficiency, but also improve the working environment and reduce operating costs.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system for an open-pit coal mine, comprising:

[0009] A mining unit for continuous layered mining of coal seams in an open-pit coal mine, the mining unit comprising a mining component for stripping and mining coal seam steps after layering, and a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the state of the next coal seam step of the mining component operation;

[0010] A crushing unit for screening and crushing coal blocks and ore mined by the mining unit, the crushing unit comprising a mounting frame, a shell mounted on the mounting frame, a filter chamber, a crushing chamber and a sedimentation chamber arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the shell, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively opened on the side walls of both sides of the filter chamber, a power assembly is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber, a crushing assembly is installed in the crushing chamber, and the power assembly is used to provide driving force for the crushing assembly;

[0011] A transfer unit for transferring the crushed coal from the crushing unit;

[0012] A transport unit used to receive coal blocks transferred by the transfer unit and transport them to a designated storage or processing location;

[0013] A control unit used to monitor the operating status of each unit, adjust mining parameters, optimize operating processes, and realize remote monitoring and automatic control.

[0014] The technical principle of the above scheme is as follows: the coal seams of the open-pit coal mine are continuously excavated in layers by the mining component, and the covering layer above the coal seams is peeled off layer by layer to form regular coal seam steps. At the same time, the monitoring component monitors the state of the next coal seam step in real time, including stress changes, vibration conditions, temperature, etc., to evaluate its stability and ensure the safety of the mining operation. The excavated coal blocks and ore enter the crushing unit through the feed port, and are first preliminarily screened through the filter chamber. The coal blocks with lighter weight are screened into the filter chamber by using the difference in mass and density between the coal blocks and the ore, and flow out with the water flow. For coal blocks and ores with similar mass but not meeting the size requirements, they enter the crushing chamber for crushing. The power component provides driving force for the crushing component, and the material is crushed step by step through the reciprocating motion of the crushing rod until it reaches the specified size. During the crushing process, the water flow, as an auxiliary medium, not only pushes the crushed products forward, but also plays a cleaning role. The crushed coal blocks are transferred to the transport unit through the belt conveyor or similar equipment of the transfer unit. The transport unit uses unmanned mining vehicles or efficient transport equipment to transport coal blocks to designated storage or processing locations. The entire transfer and transportation process is automated and intelligent, improving transportation efficiency and safety.

[0015] The above scheme has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining system of this scheme realizes the automation and intelligence of mining, crushing, transfer and transportation, reduces manual intervention and waiting time, and significantly improves mining efficiency.

[0017] 2. In this solution, the real-time monitoring and risk assessment system can timely detect and warn of potential safety risks, providing safety protection for mining operations. At the same time, the application of dust removal technology has also effectively improved the working environment and protected the health of operators.

[0018] 3. This scheme, through vibration screening and step-by-step crushing mechanism, ensures that the crushing effect of coal blocks and ore and the product size meet the standards, thus improving the product quality. In addition, the water flow cleaning effect further removes impurities and dust on the surface of the coal blocks.

[0019] 4. In this solution, the automated and intelligent mining method reduces labor costs and improves equipment utilization. At the same time, the intelligent monitoring and optimization functions help reduce resource waste and energy consumption, and reduce operating costs.

[0020] 5. This plan reduces environmental damage and protects the ecological environment through scientific planning and efficient mining. In addition, the intelligence and automation level of the system also reflects the development trend of modern mining, which helps promote the transformation, upgrading and sustainable development of the coal industry.

[0021] Furthermore, the monitoring components include a stress sensor, a vibration sensor, an infrared sensor and a CPS sensor.

[0022] Beneficial effects: Stress sensors can monitor stress changes in coal seam steps in real time and promptly warn of possible collapse risks. Vibration sensors can capture tiny vibration signals to help identify potential geological activities or mechanical failures. Combining data from multiple sensors, the system can comprehensively evaluate the safety of mining operations and provide operators with timely and accurate safety information to avoid accidents. By monitoring the status of coal seam steps in real time, the system can guide mining operations, avoid unnecessary downtime or adjustments, and thus improve mining efficiency. By monitoring the operating status and working environment of the equipment, the system can detect potential failures or wear in advance, provide a basis for preventive maintenance, and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0023] Furthermore, the power assembly includes a power part, which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame. The power part output shaft is fixedly connected to a cam, a push rod is fitted in the cam gap, a spring is sleeved on the push rod, a groove is opened at the bottom of the push rod, the groove is sleeved on the outer wall of the cam, the push rod passes through the deposition chamber at one end away from the cam and is fixedly connected to a push plate, and the push plate is slidably fitted with the inner wall of the deposition chamber.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The power part is fixedly connected to the cam through the output shaft, ensuring the stability and reliability of power transmission. The clearance fit design between the cam and the push rod enables the push rod to reciprocate smoothly when pushed by the cam, thereby driving the push plate to effectively vibrate and screen the coal blocks in the sedimentation chamber. By adjusting the contour shape of the cam or the spring strength on the push rod, the crushing force can be accurately controlled to adapt to coal blocks of different hardness and size, ensuring the consistency of the crushing effect. The spring sleeved on the push rod plays a buffering role during the movement of the push rod, reducing the impact between the push rod and the cam, and further reducing wear and noise.

[0025] Furthermore, the crushing assembly includes two back-to-back distributed power parts, the output shaft passes through the cam and is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is a "S" structure, the connecting rod is rotatably cooperated with the mounting frame at one end away from the output shaft, the middle part of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with a pull rod, the pull rod is hinged with a cross bar at one end away from the connecting rod, the cross bars pass through the side walls on both sides of the crushing chamber respectively and are fixedly connected with a fixed plate, a number of crushing rods are fixedly connected to the fixed plate, the crushing rods are cross-distributed, and the distance between adjacent crushing rods gradually decreases from the feed port to the discharge port.

[0026] Beneficial effects: Two back-to-back power parts work simultaneously, and transmit power to the cross bar and crushing rod through the connecting rod and the pull rod, realizing a two-way crushing force on the coal block and improving the crushing effect. The crushing rods are cross-distributed, and the distance between adjacent crushing rods gradually decreases from the feed port to the discharge port. This design allows the coal block to be subjected to multi-directional extrusion and shear forces during the crushing process, further enhancing the crushing effect and ensuring that the coal block can be fully crushed to the specified size. The power parts work continuously, and transmit power to the crushing rod through the connecting rod and the pull rod of the "J" structure, realizing the continuity and efficiency of the crushing operation. The cross-distribution design of the crushing rods allows the coal block to move along a more complex path in the crushing chamber, increasing the number of contacts between the coal block and the crushing rod and the crushing area, thereby improving the crushing efficiency. The crushing rods are cross-distributed and evenly stressed, so that the crushing assembly can maintain balance during the crushing process, reducing equipment vibration and instability caused by uneven force.

[0027] Furthermore, the transfer unit adopts a plurality of belt conveyors, all of which are detachably connected to each other and are distributed according to the layered structure of the open-pit coal mine.

[0028] Beneficial effects: Since the belt conveyor can be flexibly arranged according to the layered structure of the open-pit coal mine, it can well adapt to the mining needs of coal seams of different layers and thicknesses, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of mining operations. Under complex terrain conditions, by adjusting the number and layout of belt conveyors, it can ensure that coal is smoothly transferred from the mining face to the designated location, reducing the difficulty and cost of mining due to terrain restrictions. The belt conveyor has the ability to operate continuously, which can ensure that coal is transferred uninterruptedly during the mining process, improving the transfer efficiency. The belt conveyors are connected in a detachable manner, which is convenient for rapid installation, disassembly and reorganization when needed, reducing the cost of equipment transportation, installation and disassembly.

[0029] Furthermore, it also includes a dust removal component, which is installed in the mining unit and is used to reduce dust pollution generated during the mining process by spraying dust.

[0030] Beneficial effects: Spray dust suppression technology can effectively moisten and settle dust particles in the air, significantly reducing the dust concentration in the mining area and providing operators with a cleaner and healthier working environment. The reduction of dust also means that the visibility of the working area is improved, which helps operators to better observe the mining situation and improve the safety and efficiency of the operation. Spray dust suppression not only reduces the dust concentration in the mining area, but also reduces the possibility of dust spreading with the wind by moistening the dust particles, thereby protecting the surrounding ecological environment and reducing the negative impact on air quality and natural landscape. By reducing dust pollution, dust removal components help achieve a harmonious coexistence between open-pit coal mining and environmental protection, and contribute to the sustainable development of the coal industry.

[0031] Furthermore, the control unit is also used to predict potential failures and issue an early warning when the control unit detects abnormal data from the monitoring component.

[0032] Beneficial effects: By real-time monitoring and analyzing the data of the monitoring components, the control unit can detect signs of potential failures in advance, thereby avoiding the occurrence of failures or at least reducing the impact of failures on production. This predictive maintenance strategy significantly improves the stability and reliability of the system. Once abnormal data is detected, the control unit can immediately issue an early warning signal to notify the operator or maintenance personnel to take timely measures to deal with it, preventing the failure from expanding or causing more serious consequences. By predicting potential failures and taking measures in advance, the control unit helps reduce unplanned downtime caused by equipment failures, thereby reducing production losses and maintenance costs caused by downtime.

[0033] A fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining method for an open-pit coal mine, according to any one of the above-mentioned fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining systems for an open-pit coal mine, is applied to the following method, characterized in that the specific steps are:

[0034] Step 1: Start the mining unit, use the mining component to perform continuous layered mining operations on the coal seam of the open-pit coal mine, and at the same time, the monitoring component monitors the status of the next coal seam step where the mining component is operating in real time;

[0035] Step 2: The mined coal and ore are fed into the crushing unit and enter the feed port of the crushing unit;

[0036] Step 3: In the crushing unit, the coal and ore are first screened through the filter chamber to remove large impurities or materials that do not meet the requirements; after entering the crushing chamber, the crushing assembly, driven by the power assembly, crushes the coal step by step through the cross-distributed crushing bars until the preset particle size requirements are met;

[0037] Step 4: The crushed coal blocks are discharged from the discharge port of the crushing unit and enter the transfer unit, which transports the coal blocks to the transportation unit;

[0038] Step 5: The transport unit receives the coal blocks from the transfer unit and transports them to the designated storage or processing location.

[0039] Beneficial effects: The mining unit can continuously mine the coal seam in layers, reducing the downtime waiting time in traditional mining methods and significantly improving mining efficiency. The mining unit can accurately mine the coal seam in layers, reducing the waste of coal resources and improving resource utilization. The crushing component in the crushing unit crushes the coal blocks step by step through cross-distributed crushing bars, ensuring that the coal blocks can quickly reach the preset particle size requirements, further improving mining efficiency. The filter chamber and crushing component in the crushing unit cooperate with each other to effectively remove large impurities and materials that do not meet the requirements, ensuring the quality of the coal blocks and facilitating subsequent processing and utilization. The entire mining process is highly automated, reducing the need for manual operation and reducing labor costs. The introduction of dust removal components effectively reduces dust pollution generated during the mining process, improves the working environment, and protects the health of operators.

[0040] The monitoring component monitors the status of the next coal seam step of the mining component in real time, providing operators with timely safety warnings and reducing the risk of safety accidents. The control unit is not only responsible for the overall operation control of the system, but also can predict potential failures and issue warnings, improving the intelligence level of the system. Through real-time monitoring and analysis of data, the control unit provides strong data support for the company's decision-making, making the decision more scientific, reasonable and efficient.

[0041] Furthermore, step one also includes installing a dust removal component in the mining unit to reduce dust pollution generated during the mining process by spraying dust.

[0042] Beneficial effects: The dust removal component's spray dust suppression technology can quickly moisten and settle dust particles in the air, significantly reducing dust concentration in the mining area. This not only provides operators with a cleaner and healthier working environment, but also helps improve their work efficiency and comfort. The reduction in dust also means that visibility in the mining area is improved, and operators can observe the mining situation more clearly, so as to make more accurate judgments and decisions, and improve the safety and efficiency of operations. Spray dust suppression not only reduces the dust concentration in the mining area, but also reduces the possibility of dust spreading with the wind by moistening the dust particles. This helps protect the surrounding ecological environment and reduces the negative impact on air quality.

[0043] Furthermore, in step 1, real-time monitoring: the monitoring component monitors the stress changes of the next coal seam step in real time through the stress sensor, and the vibration sensor detects the slight vibration of the coal seam step and the surrounding environment to determine whether there is a potential collapse risk; the infrared sensor can detect the temperature change of the coal seam surface;

[0044] The controller evaluates in real time whether the state of the next coal seam step of the mining component is stable based on the real-time monitoring data of the monitoring component, determines whether there is a risk of collapse, and preliminarily analyzes whether the risk is caused by the mining unit operation or by a natural disaster.

[0045] Beneficial effects: The comprehensive application of stress sensors, vibration sensors and infrared sensors can monitor the stress changes, micro-vibrations and temperature changes of the next coal seam step in real time, and provide comprehensive data support for the controller. The controller evaluates the stability of the coal seam step in real time based on these data. Once a potential collapse risk is found, it immediately issues an early warning, so that the operator has enough time to take countermeasures, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of safety accidents. The controller can not only determine whether there is a collapse risk, but also preliminarily analyze whether this risk is caused by the mining unit operation or by natural disasters (such as earthquakes, landslides, etc.). This analytical ability helps enterprises to formulate countermeasures more accurately and reduce unnecessary shutdowns and losses. According to real-time monitoring data and risk assessment results, enterprises can dynamically adjust mining strategies, such as adjusting mining speed, changing mining direction or taking reinforcement measures, to ensure the safety and efficiency of mining operations. By introducing a variety of sensors and controllers, this method realizes intelligent monitoring and real-time evaluation of the mining operation process, and improves the intelligence level of the system.

[0046] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 It is a side view of an embodiment of a fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system for an open-pit coal mine of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 It is a side view of a crushing unit in an embodiment of a fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system for an open-pit coal mine of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the shell of the crushing unit in the embodiment of the open-pit coal mine full-continuous coal mining and layered mining system of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 It is a first side view of the crushing assembly in the embodiment of the open-pit coal mine full-continuous coal mining and layered mining system of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 It is a second side view of the crushing assembly in the embodiment of the open-pit coal mine full-continuous coal mining and layered mining system of the present invention;

[0052] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. mining assembly; 2. crushing unit; 3. transfer unit; 4. transportation unit; 5. mounting frame; 6. shell; 7. motor; 8. cam; 9. push rod; 10. push plate; 11. connecting rod; 12. pull rod; 13. cross bar; 14. fixed plate; 15. crushing rod; 601. feed port; 602. discharge port; 603. filter chamber; 604. crushing chamber; 605. sedimentation chamber; 901. groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0055] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0056] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0057] Example:

[0058] As attached Figures 1 to 5 Shown: A fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system for an open-pit coal mine, comprising:

[0059] A mining unit for continuous stratified mining of coal seams in an open-pit coal mine, the mining unit comprising a mining component 1 for stripping and mining coal on stratified coal seam steps, and a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the status of the next coal seam step where the mining component 1 is operating; the monitoring component comprises a stress sensor, a vibration sensor, an infrared sensor and a CPS sensor.

[0060] The monitoring component monitors the stress changes of the next coal seam step in real time through the stress sensor, and the vibration sensor detects the tiny vibrations of the coal seam step and the surrounding environment to determine whether there is a potential risk of collapse; the infrared sensor can detect the temperature changes on the surface of the coal seam; the controller evaluates in real time whether the state of the next coal seam step of the mining component 1 is stable based on the real-time monitoring data of the monitoring component, determines whether there is a risk of collapse, and preliminarily analyzes whether this risk is caused by the operation of the mining unit or by a natural disaster.

[0061] The crushing unit 2 is used for screening and crushing the coal blocks and ores excavated by the mining unit. The crushing unit 2 includes a mounting frame 5, on which a shell 6 is mounted. A filter chamber 603, a crushing chamber 604 and a sedimentation chamber 605 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the shell 6. A feed port 601 and a discharge port 602 are respectively provided on the side walls of the filter chamber 603. A power assembly is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber 605. A crushing assembly is installed in the crushing chamber 604. The power assembly is used to provide driving force for the crushing assembly. The power assembly includes a power member (the power member in this embodiment is a motor 7), which is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 5. A cam 8 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the power member. A push rod 9 is clearance-fitted with the cam 8. A spring is sleeved on the push rod 9. A groove 901 is provided at the bottom of the push rod 9. The groove 901 is sleeved on the outer wall of the cam 8. The push rod 9 passes through the sedimentation chamber 605 at one end away from the cam 8 and is fixedly connected to a push plate 10. The push plate 10 slides with the inner wall of the sedimentation chamber 605.

[0062] The crushing assembly includes two back-to-back distributed power parts, the output shaft passes through the cam 8 and is fixedly connected with a connecting rod 11, the connecting rod 11 is a "S" structure, the connecting rod 11 is rotatably matched with the mounting frame 5 at one end away from the output shaft, the middle part of the connecting rod 11 is rotatably connected with a pull rod 12, the pull rod 12 is hinged with a cross bar 13 at one end away from the connecting rod 11, the cross bar 13 passes through the side walls on both sides of the crushing chamber 604 respectively and is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 14, a number of crushing rods 15 are fixedly connected to the fixed plate 14, the crushing rods 15 are cross-distributed, and the distance between adjacent crushing rods 15 gradually decreases from the feed port 601 to the discharge port 602.

[0063] The transfer unit 3 is used to transfer the crushed coal blocks from the crushing unit 2; the transfer unit 3 uses a plurality of belt conveyors, all of which are detachably connected and distributed according to the layered structure of the open-pit coal mine.

[0064] A transport unit 4 is used to receive the coal blocks transferred by the transfer unit 3 and transport them to a designated storage or processing location; a control unit is used to monitor the operating status of each unit, adjust mining parameters, optimize the operating process, and realize remote monitoring and automatic control.

[0065] It also includes a dust removal component, which is installed in the mining unit and is used to reduce dust pollution generated during the mining process by spraying dust.

[0066] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0067] 1. Layering of open-pit coal mines

[0068] First, conduct a comprehensive geological survey of the open-pit coal mine to understand the geological characteristics of the coal seams, such as distribution, thickness, and inclination. Based on the survey results, develop a detailed mining plan and stratification plan.

[0069] According to the plan, the mining component 1 of the mining unit is used to peel the coal seam in layers. In this process, the mining component 1 will peel off the covering layer above the coal seam layer by layer to form regular coal seam steps. During the mining operation, the dust removal component reduces dust pollution by spraying dust. The spray system is automatically started at a fixed time or according to the dust concentration, spraying water mist into the mining area to moisten and settle the dust particles, protecting the environment and the health of the operators.

[0070] 2. Real-time monitoring and risk assessment

[0071] Before the mining operation begins, the monitoring assembly (including stress sensors, vibration sensors, infrared sensors and CPS sensors) is installed on the next coal seam step where the mining assembly 1 operates, and the monitoring assembly starts working.

[0072] The monitoring component uses stress sensors to monitor the stress changes of the next coal seam step in real time to evaluate its structural stability; vibration sensors are used to detect tiny vibrations in the coal seam steps and the surrounding environment to determine whether there is a potential risk of collapse; infrared sensors can detect temperature changes on the surface of the coal seam, which helps to identify potential problems caused by mining activities or geothermal anomalies and further confirm its stability.

[0073] Through the comprehensive monitoring of these sensors, the control unit can evaluate in real time whether the state of the next coal seam step of the mining component 1 is stable, determine whether there is a risk of collapse, and preliminarily analyze whether this risk is caused by the mining unit operation (such as excessive mining force, insufficient support measures, etc.) or by natural disasters (such as earthquakes, landslides caused by rainfall, etc.). Such real-time monitoring and data analysis provide important guarantees for the safe conduct of mining operations.

[0074] 3. Screening and crushing of coal and ore

[0075] The mining assembly 1 mines the coal and ore from the coal seam and transports them to the feed port 601 of the crushing unit 2. When the coal and ore enter the crushing unit 2, water is introduced from the feed port 601. At the same time, the control unit starts the motor 7, and the motor 7 rotates to drive the cam 8 to rotate, and the cam 8 rotates to push the push rod 9 upward. When the protruding part of the cam 8 contacts the groove 901 part of the push rod 9, the push rod 9 and the push plate 10 are pushed upward; when the non-protruding part of the cam 8 contacts the groove 901 part of the push rod 9, the push rod 9 and the push plate 10 move downward with the reset ability of the spring, thereby generating a reciprocating vibration motion. By utilizing the difference in mass and density between ore and coal, during the vibration process, the heavier and larger ore is more effectively pushed to the deposition chamber 605, while the lighter small coal is more easily screened through the vibration and enters the filter chamber 603. The coal in the filter chamber 603 flows out from the discharge port 602 along with the water entering the feed port 601.

[0076] At this time, the coal and ore in the crushing chamber 604 are of similar quality, but the size of the coal does not meet the discharge standard. When the motor 7 rotates, the connecting rod 11 is driven to rotate. Due to the special structural design of the connecting rod 11, its rotational motion is converted into the reciprocating motion of the pull rod 12. The pull rod 12 drives the cross bar 13, the fixed plate 14 and the crushing rod 15 to move back and forth in the crushing chamber 604 to crush the coal and ore. The distance between the crushing rods 15 gradually decreases from the feed port 601 to the discharge port 602, forming a step-by-step crushing effect, ensuring that the coal and ore are gradually crushed to a specified size during the pushing process.

[0077] As the crushing proceeds, the water flow not only serves as an auxiliary medium in the crushing process, but also plays a role in pushing the crushed products to move toward the discharge port 602. At the same time, the water flow cleans the coal and ore to remove impurities and dust on the surface. After crushing and screening, the coal and ore that meet the size requirements are further separated by vibration, and the coal enters the filter chamber 603 and flows out of the discharge port 602 with the water flow; while larger ores or materials that are not completely crushed may remain in the sedimentation chamber 605 or continue to participate in the crushing cycle until they meet the discharge standard.

[0078] 4. Transfer and transportation of coal blocks

[0079] The crushed coal blocks are transferred by the belt conveyors of the transfer unit 3. These belt conveyors are distributed according to the layered structure of the open-pit coal mine to ensure that the coal blocks can be smoothly transported from the crushing unit 2 to the transportation unit 4. The transportation unit 4 uses an unmanned mining car or other efficient transportation equipment to receive the coal blocks transferred by the transfer unit 3 and transport them to the designated storage or processing location.

[0080] At the same time, the control unit monitors the operating status of each unit in real time, including mining efficiency, crushing effect, transportation speed, etc. According to the monitoring data, the mining parameters are automatically adjusted to optimize the operation process. The control unit also has a remote monitoring function. The operator can view the situation of each operation site in real time through the monitoring screen in the control room and conduct remote control and command.

[0081] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for the purpose of clear explanation, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here. The obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system for open-pit coal mines, characterized in that: include: A mining unit for performing continuous layered mining operations on coal seams in an open-pit coal mine, the mining unit comprising a mining component (1) for stripping and mining coal seam steps after layering, and a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of the state of the next coal seam step where the mining component (1) is operating; A crushing unit (2) for screening and crushing coal blocks and ore mined by a mining unit, the crushing unit (2) comprising a mounting frame (5), a shell (6) mounted on the mounting frame (5), a filter chamber (603), a crushing chamber (604) and a sedimentation chamber (605) being arranged in sequence from top to bottom inside the shell (6), a feed inlet (601) and a discharge port (602) being respectively provided on the side walls of both sides of the filter chamber (603), a power assembly being mounted at the bottom of the sedimentation chamber (605), a crushing assembly being mounted in the crushing chamber (604), and the power assembly being used to provide driving force for the crushing assembly; A transfer unit (3) for transferring the crushed coal from the crushing unit (2); A transport unit (4) for receiving the coal blocks transferred by the transfer unit (3) and transporting them to a designated storage or processing location; A control unit used to monitor the operating status of each unit, adjust mining parameters, optimize operating processes, and realize remote monitoring and automatic control.

2. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring components include stress sensors, vibration sensors, infrared sensors and CPS sensors.

3. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The power assembly comprises a power part, which is fixedly connected to a mounting frame (5), and a cam (8) is fixedly connected to an output shaft of the power part, and a push rod (9) is loosely fitted on the cam (8), and a spring is sleeved on the push rod (9), and a groove (901) is provided at the bottom of the push rod (9), and the groove (901) is sleeved on the outer wall of the cam (8), and the end of the push rod (9) away from the cam (8) passes through the deposition chamber (605) and is fixedly connected to a push plate (10), and the push plate (10) is slidably fitted with the inner wall of the deposition chamber (605).

4. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The crushing assembly includes two power parts arranged back to back, the output shaft passes through the cam (8) and is fixedly connected to a connecting rod (11), the connecting rod (11) is a "S" structure, the end of the connecting rod (11) away from the output shaft is rotatably matched with the mounting frame (5), the middle part of the connecting rod (11) is rotatably connected to a pull rod (12), the end of the pull rod (12) away from the connecting rod (11) is hinged to a cross rod (13), the cross rod (13) passes through the side walls of both sides of the crushing chamber (604) respectively and is fixedly connected to a fixed plate (14), a plurality of crushing rods (15) are fixedly connected to the fixed plate (14), the crushing rods (15) are cross-distributed, and the distance between adjacent crushing rods (15) gradually decreases from the feed port (601) to the discharge port (602).

5. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The transfer unit (3) uses a plurality of belt conveyors, all of which are detachably connected and distributed according to the layered structure of the open-pit coal mine.

6. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: It also includes a dust removal component, which is installed in the mining unit and is used to reduce dust pollution generated during the mining process by spraying dust.

7. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining and layered mining system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control unit is also used to predict potential failures and issue an early warning when the control unit detects abnormal data from the monitoring component.

8. A fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining method for an open-pit coal mine, according to the fully continuous coal mining and stratified mining system for an open-pit coal mine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, applied to the following method, characterized in that: The specific steps are: Step 1: Start the mining unit and use the mining component (1) to perform continuous layered mining operations on the coal seam of the open-pit coal mine, while the monitoring component monitors the status of the next coal seam step where the mining component (1) is operating in real time; Step 2: The mined coal and ore are fed into the crushing unit (2) and enter the feed port (601) of the crushing unit (2); Step 3: In the crushing unit (2), the coal and ore are firstly screened through the filter chamber (603) to remove large impurities or materials that do not meet the requirements; then they enter the crushing chamber (604), where the crushing assembly, driven by the power assembly, crushes the coal step by step through the cross-distributed crushing rods (15) until the preset particle size requirement is reached; Step 4: The crushed coal blocks are discharged from the discharge port (602) of the crushing unit (2) and enter the transfer unit (3), and the transfer unit (3) transports the coal blocks to the transportation unit (4); Step 5: The transport unit (4) receives the coal blocks from the transfer unit (3) and transports them to a designated storage or processing location.

9. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining layer mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step one also includes installing a dust removal component in the mining unit to reduce dust pollution generated during the mining process by spraying dust.

10. The open-pit coal mine fully continuous coal mining layer mining method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Real-time monitoring in step 1: The monitoring component uses stress sensors to monitor the stress changes of the next coal seam step in real time, and the vibration sensor detects the slight vibration of the coal seam step and the surrounding environment to determine whether there is a potential collapse risk; the infrared sensor can detect the temperature changes on the coal seam surface; The controller evaluates in real time whether the state of the next coal seam step where the mining component (1) is operating is stable based on the real-time monitoring data of the monitoring component, determines whether there is a risk of collapse, and preliminarily analyzes whether the risk is caused by the mining unit operation or a natural disaster.

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