Electromagnetic composite field generating device and method for testing mechanical property of metal component

Abstract

The invention discloses an electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical property of a metal component, which comprises a universal mechanical testing machine, a current excitation device and a magnetic field excitation device, and is characterized in that the current output excitation end of the current excitation device is connected with a clamp on the universal mechanical testing machine; and an output magnetic field of the magnetic field excitation device is arranged around a sample clamping position on the universal mechanical testing machine. According to the invention, the behavior of the engineering material in a specific service scene can be simulated more truly, and the accuracy and practicability of test data are improved; the method is suitable for mechanical property tests needing to consider magnetic field environment factors and / or electric field factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention specifically relates to an electromagnetic composite field generating device and method for testing the mechanical properties of metal components. Background Art

[0002] In engineering practice, materials are often in a variety of field environments, especially under extreme conditions, such as aerospace vehicles in high-speed wind fields, radiation fields, electric fields and magnetic fields. These multi-field environments have an important impact on the performance and behavior of materials. For example, in the nuclear industry, structural materials are exposed to high temperatures, high radiation and magnetic fields for a long time, which has an important impact on material performance and life. In the energy field, materials are often affected by multiple field environments such as high temperature, high pressure, and magnetic fields, such as the operation of solar panels under high temperature and strong light in photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the performance of materials in multiple field environments such as electric and magnetic fields, which can help improve the reliability and safety of engineering structures and components.

[0003] Fatigue is the phenomenon that engineering materials experience microscopic crack growth and aggregation under alternating or cyclic loads, eventually leading to failure. For the reliability of engineering structures and mechanical components, the study of fatigue behavior and the extension of fatigue life are crucial. Fatigue testing and monitoring can help us better understand the fatigue performance of materials, thereby designing safer and more reliable engineering structures and components.

[0004] Based on the problem that magnetic fields often exist in the actual working environment of engineering materials, and the existing universal mechanical testing machines cannot provide a magnetic field environment, the present invention proposes an auxiliary device that can create an in-situ magnetic field environment for the universal mechanical testing machine. A controllable and measurable magnetic field is formed in the working space of the universal mechanical testing machine through copper coils and electrodes, allowing researchers to conduct mechanical property tests under simulated actual working conditions. By conducting mechanical tests in an in-situ magnetic field environment, the performance characteristics of the material under the action of the magnetic field can be more comprehensively evaluated, revealing the influence of the magnetic field on the mechanical properties of the material.

[0005] The advantage of this technology and method is that it can provide a more realistic working environment, allowing researchers to better simulate the service environment under actual working conditions. By conducting mechanical property tests in an in-situ magnetic field environment, the mechanical properties of materials in multiple field environments can be more accurately evaluated, providing a more reliable basis for engineering design and material selection. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic composite field generating device and method for testing the mechanical properties of metal components, which can more realistically simulate the behavior of engineering materials in specific service scenarios and improve the accuracy and practicality of test data; it is suitable for mechanical properties tests that need to consider magnetic field environment factors and / or electric field factors.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: An electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components comprises a universal mechanical testing machine, a current excitation device and a magnetic field excitation device. The current output excitation end of the current excitation device is connected to a fixture on the universal mechanical testing machine, and the output magnetic field of the magnetic field excitation device is arranged around a sample clamping position on the universal mechanical testing machine.

[0008] Preferably, the universal mechanical testing machine includes a specimen clamping system, a loading system, a sensor system, a data acquisition system, and a control system. The specimen clamping system is connected to the loading system, the sensor system is connected to the control system through the data acquisition system, the control system is connected to the loading system, and the loading system is used to apply tensile or compressive loads and twist to the specimen through the fixture of the specimen clamping system; the specimen clamping system is used to clamp the specimen and transmit the loading force.

[0009] Preferably, the sample clamping system includes a clamp, which is a first clamp and a second clamp respectively. The loading system includes a motor and a telescopic cylinder for applying force or displacement control. The motor and the telescopic cylinder are connected to the first clamp or the second clamp. The motor is used to make the first clamp and the second clamp rotate relative to each other, and the telescopic cylinder is used to make the first clamp and the second clamp have a relative distance.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor system includes a strain gauge, a Gauss meter and a displacement sensor. The strain gauge is used to be attached to the sample, the Gauss meter is used to be set on or near the sample to collect the magnetic field strength of the sample, the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively a fixed clamp and a movable clamp, and the displacement sensor is set on the movable clamp.

[0011] Preferably, the current excitation device includes a current amplifier, an electric pulse generator and a Hall current sensor. The current amplifier is connected to the two ends of the sample clamped on the sample clamping system through wires via the electric pulse generator. The Hall current sensor is connected to the current amplifier and to the data acquisition system.

[0012] Preferably, the magnetic field excitation device includes a high-voltage output power supply, a magnetic pulse generator, a coil, a coil frame and a coil support. The magnetic pulse generator is connected to the high-voltage output power supply, the high-voltage output power supply is connected to the coil, the coil is sleeved outside the sample clamping position, and the coil is set on the coil support through the coil frame.

[0013] Preferably, the control system is connected to an infrared thermal imager for collecting temperature data of the sample surface and the electrodes of the current excitation device in real time.

[0014] Preferably, the contact portion between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine is insulated.

[0015] An in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue test method under an electromagnetic composite field environment using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components described above comprises the following steps: Fix the sample on the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, use the sample as a conductor to form a loop, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; Put the coil of the magnetic field excitation device on the outer ring of the sample and install it; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the sample respectively, the lens of the infrared thermal imager is aligned with the sample and fixed, and the infrared thermal imager is connected to the control system; The load type and load amplitude of the test are set through the control system to determine the number of cycles or time of the test; The temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens are collected in real time by infrared thermal imagers; the magnetic field strength of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens is collected in real time by sensor systems; the required pulse waveform is selected to excite the corresponding magnetic field by magnetic field excitation devices; the required current signal is output by current excitation devices to excite the electric field; and the loop current data is collected in real time; The universal mechanical testing machine is started in the control terminal of the control system. The universal mechanical testing machine applies load to the specimen and starts cyclic loading to realize in-situ tension and compression fatigue testing in the electromagnetic composite field.

[0016] A method for monitoring the change in torsional performance of a metal material under the action of an electric shock using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of a metal component as described above comprises the following steps: Clamp and fix the sample on the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the torsion performance specimen, the specimen is used as a conductor to form a loop, and the contact part between the specimen and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine is insulated; Aim the infrared thermal imager's lens at the sample and install and fix it, and connect the infrared thermal imager to the control system; Set the test torque parameters and loading amplitude through the control system; determine the number of cycles or time of the test; The temperature data of the torsion performance sample is collected in real time by the infrared thermal imager; the required current signal is output by the current excitation device to excite the electric field; the loop current data is collected in real time by the sensor system; Start the universal mechanical testing machine in the control system, apply load to the specimen, and start cyclic loading, so as to monitor the change of torsional performance of metal materials under the action of electric shock. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: By providing an in-situ magnetic field environment and an electric field environment, the present invention can more realistically simulate the behavior of engineering materials in specific service scenarios, thereby improving the accuracy and practicality of test data; it can expand the application field of the universal mechanical testing machine, making it suitable for mechanical property tests that need to consider magnetic field environment factors and / or electric field factors; it can help promote material mechanical property research and engineering innovation, and provide support for the development of more durable and reliable materials; it can also study the microstructural evolution and fatigue crack propagation mechanism of materials under complex electric and magnetic field conditions, and provide a scientific basis and technical support for further optimizing material design and application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 AA section view.

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure without the copper coil.

[0020] In the figure: 1-power cabinet; 2-copper coil; 3-fixture; 4-upper beam; 5-infrared thermal imager; 6-buckle; 7-column; 8-magnetic pulse generator; 9-high voltage output power supply; 10-Hall current sensor; 11-electric pulse generator; 12-current amplifier; 13-control terminal; 14-hydraulic cylinder; 15-universal mechanical testing machine platform; 16-frame; 17-coil skeleton; 18-coil support; 19-wire; 20-electric pulse processing electrode; 21-sample. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are involved, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. It can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0024] Example 1 An electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components. Figure 1-3 As shown, it includes a universal mechanical testing machine, a current excitation device and a magnetic field excitation device. The current output excitation end of the current excitation device is connected to the fixture on the universal mechanical testing machine, and the output magnetic field of the magnetic field excitation device is arranged around the sample clamping position on the universal mechanical testing machine.

[0025] Furthermore, the universal mechanical testing machine includes a specimen clamping system, a loading system, a sensor system, a data acquisition system, and a control system. The specimen clamping system is connected to the loading system. The loading system is the core component of the universal mechanical testing machine and is used to apply tensile or compressive loads and twist to the specimen through a fixture. The specimen clamping system is used to clamp the specimen and transmit the loading force. The specimen clamping system includes components such as a fixture and a fixture seat to ensure that the specimen can be subjected to a uniform load. The sensor system is connected to the control system through the data acquisition system, and the control system is connected to the loading system. The data acquisition system monitors the deformation, displacement, stress, strain and other parameters of the specimen through the sensor system, and transmits the data to the control system. The control system controls the action of the loading system.

[0026] Furthermore, the data acquisition system is used to collect data transmitted by sensors and record various parameters during the test. The data acquisition system is integrated with the control system to monitor the test data in real time and generate reports; the control system is used to control the operation of the loading system, data acquisition system and other components. It includes controllers, computer software, etc., which are used to set test parameters, collect data and monitor the test process in real time.

[0027] Furthermore, the sample clamping system includes a clamp 3, which is a first clamp and a second clamp respectively. The loading system includes a motor and a telescopic cylinder for applying force or displacement control. The motor and the telescopic cylinder are connected to the first clamp or the second clamp; the motor drives the first clamp and the second clamp to rotate relative to each other, thereby applying a torsional load to the sample, and the telescopic cylinder drives the first clamp and the second clamp to move relative to each other, thereby applying a tensile or compressive load to the sample.

[0028] Preferably, the telescopic cylinder can be a hydraulic cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electric cylinder.

[0029] Furthermore, the sensor system includes a strain gauge, a Gauss meter and a displacement sensor. The strain gauge is used to be attached to the sample, the Gauss meter is used to be set on or near the sample to collect the magnetic field strength of the sample, the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively a fixed clamp and a movable clamp, and the displacement sensor is set on the movable clamp.

[0030] The fixed fixture and the movable fixture are a lower fixture and an upper fixture respectively.

[0031] Example 2 Based on Example 1, the current excitation device and the magnetic field excitation device are further limited, and the performance of Example 2 after the limitations is better.

[0032] The current excitation device includes a current amplifier 12, an electric pulse generator 11 and a Hall current sensor 10. The current amplifier 12 is connected to the two ends of the sample clamped on the sample clamping system through the electric pulse generator 11 through wires. The Hall current sensor 10 is connected to the current amplifier 12 and to the data acquisition system.

[0033] Furthermore, the electric pulse generator is used to output pulse signals with different pulse waveforms; the current amplifier is used to amplify the peak value of the pulse current signal; the amplified electric pulse signal is transmitted to the electrodes clamped at both ends of the sample through the wire. The contact point of the input end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the contact point of the output end of the current amplifier, which is used to collect the pulse data of the electric pulse signal in real time and transmit the data to the control terminal.

[0034] Furthermore, the magnetic field excitation device includes a high-voltage output power supply 9, a magnetic pulse generator 8, a coil, a coil frame 17 and a coil support 18. The magnetic pulse generator 8 is connected to the high-voltage output power supply 9, the high-voltage output power supply 9 is connected to the coil, the coil is sleeved outside the sample clamping position, and the coil is set on the coil support 18 through the coil frame 17.

[0035] Furthermore, the coil is a copper coil 2 .

[0036] Furthermore, the coil support is fixed and is used for installing and fixing the copper coil; the output contact point of the pulse waveform generator is connected to the input contact point of the high-voltage output power supply, which is used to provide different types of pulse waveforms to stimulate gradient magnetic fields of different intensities; the input contact point and the output contact point of the high-voltage output power supply are respectively connected to the two ends of the copper coil, which are used to provide the copper coil with amplified stable AC pulse voltage; the overall shape of the copper coil is spiral, and the copper coil will stimulate different time domain magnetic fields after being excited by a high-voltage pulse signal. The coil frame is used for fixing and installing the copper coil, and the coil frame and its support are installed on the bottom working platform of the universal mechanical testing machine, and the copper coil, coil frame, and upper and lower clamps coincide in the radial (vertical) central axis.

[0037] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 14, the fixture 3, and the electric pulse processing electrode form an execution device, wherein the lower fixture is fixed and used for the initial positioning and installation of the metal sample; the hydraulic cylinder, the upper fixture, and the electric pulse processing electrode are movable parts, and the spacing between the upper fixture and the lower fixture is adjusted by controlling the hydraulic cylinder, which is used for positioning and fixing the sample. At the same time, the device can also be used to monitor the changes in the mechanical properties of composite materials under the action of electric shock.

[0038] Furthermore, the control system is connected to an infrared thermal imager 5 for collecting temperature data of the sample surface and the electrodes of the current excitation device in real time.

[0039] Furthermore, the control system includes a personal computer, the infrared thermal imager is installed at 45 degrees to the upper end face of the coil frame, and is used to collect temperature data of the sample surface and the electrode in real time; the personal computer is connected to the electric pulse generator, and is used to edit a suitable electric pulse waveform and send the waveform to the electric pulse generator; the personal computer can also be connected to the infrared thermal imager, and is used to transmit the data of the infrared thermal imager to the personal computer in real time, and display the temperature changes of the sample surface and the electrode in real time. The personal computer is also the control terminal of the universal mechanical testing machine.

[0040] Furthermore, the output voltage range of the high-voltage output power supply is 0-380V.

[0041] The pulse current intensity of the current excitation device ranges from 1 to 106 A / cm2, and the maximum frequency of the instantaneous high-energy pulse current is 10KHz.

[0042] The magnetic field strength of the coil device ranges from 0.01 to 1 Tesla.

[0043] The height range of the test space in the magnetic field of the universal mechanical testing machine is 0-196 mm, and the width of the test space is 320 mm.

[0044] The electric pulse processing electrodes located in the upper and lower clamps are designed to be arc-shaped copper clips that match the circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample side, so as to achieve gapless matching between the conductive electrode and the sample, ensuring good conductivity between the conductive electrode and the sample during the test; The contact area between the specimen and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture is insulated.

[0045] An in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue test method under an electromagnetic composite field environment using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components described above comprises the following steps: Fix the sample on the sample clamping system fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, use the sample as a conductor to form a loop, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; Put the coil of the magnetic field excitation device on the outer ring of the sample and install it; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the sample respectively, the lens of the infrared thermal imager is aligned with the sample and fixed, and the infrared thermal imager is connected to the control system; The control system sets the loading type and loading amplitude of the test, the loading type being tension and / or compression, etc.; determines the number of cycles or time of the test; The temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens are collected in real time through the infrared thermal imager; the magnetic field strength of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens is collected in real time through the Gauss meter of the sensor system; the required pulse waveform is selected to excite the corresponding magnetic field through the high-voltage output power supply and magnetic pulse generator of the magnetic field excitation device; the required current signal is output through the current amplifier and electric pulse generator of the current excitation device to excite the electric field; the Hall current sensor is connected to collect the loop current data in real time; The universal mechanical testing machine is started in the control terminal of the control system. The universal mechanical testing machine applies load to the specimen and starts cyclic loading to realize in-situ tension and compression fatigue testing in the electromagnetic composite field.

[0046] A method for monitoring the change in torsional performance of a metal material under the action of an electric shock using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of a metal component as described above comprises the following steps: S1. Fix the sample on the sample clamping system fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the torsion performance specimen, the specimen is used as a conductor to form a loop, and the contact part between the specimen and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine is insulated; Aim the infrared thermal imager's lens at the sample and install and fix it, and connect the infrared thermal imager to the control system; The torque parameters (torque parameters include maximum torque, torque loading rate, etc.) and loading amplitude (loading amplitude includes maximum torsion angle, torsion angular rate, etc.) of the test are set through the control system; the number of cycles or time of the test is determined; The temperature data of the torsion performance sample is collected in real time by using an infrared thermal imager; the required current signal is output by the high-voltage output power supply and electric pulse generator of the current excitation device to excite the electric field; the loop current data is collected in real time by using the Hall current sensor of the sensor system; Start the universal mechanical testing machine in the control system, apply load to the specimen, and start cyclic loading, so as to monitor the change of torsional performance of metal materials under the action of electric shock.

[0047] Working principle of the present invention: Figure 1 and Figure 2 The figure shows an in-situ testing device for the evolution of mechanical properties of metal components under the action of electric field and magnetic field provided by an embodiment of the present invention, including a vertical universal mechanical testing machine, a current excitation device and a magnetic field excitation device.

[0048] The vertical universal mechanical testing machine includes: a power cabinet 1, a copper coil 2, a fixture 3, an upper beam 4, an infrared thermal imager 5, a buckle 6, a column 7, a magnetic pulse generator 8, a high-voltage output power supply 9, a Hall current sensor 10, an electric pulse generator 11, a current amplifier 12, a control terminal 13, a hydraulic cylinder 14, a universal mechanical testing machine platform 15, a frame 16, a coil skeleton 17, a coil support 18, a wire 19, and an electric pulse processing electrode 20.

[0049] The electric pulse generator 11, the Hall current sensor 10 and the current amplifier 12 included in the current excitation device are connected to the electric pulse processing electrodes 20 at the upper and lower ends of the sample 21 clamped in the fixture 3 through wires, the two electrodes are tightly attached to the sample 21, and the sample 21 is insulated from the fixture 3; The magnetic field excitation device includes a magnetic pulse generator 8 and a high-voltage output power supply 9, which are connected to the copper coil 2 through a wire. The copper coil 2 is fixed to the inner side of the coil frame 17 through a threaded connection. The coil frame 17 is installed on the universal mechanical testing machine platform 15 through a coil support 18. The radial center axes of the copper coil 2, the fixture 3, the electric pulse processing electrode 20, and the sample 21 coincide with each other.

[0050] All devices are turned on at the beginning of the mechanical properties test. Before the mechanical properties test, the test parameters are input into the control terminal 13, and the corresponding pulse waveforms are input into the magnetic pulse generator 8 and the electric pulse generator 11.

[0051] The present invention realizes the simulation of the actual service environment of the metal by using the coordinated control of the current excitation device and the magnetic field excitation device during the metal mechanical property test, so as to evaluate the mechanical properties of the metal component in the actual electric field and magnetic field composite environment.

[0052] Further optimization shows that multiple high-intensity pulse currents will burn and corrode the surface of the electric pulse processing electrode 20. Therefore, in order to ensure the effective effect of the electromagnetic composite field energy on the sample 21, the electric pulse processing electrode 20 is designed to be detachable for subsequent installation and replacement.

[0053] This implementation case takes the laser melting deposition TC4 tensile fatigue specimen as an example. The specimen is processed based on GB / T 5248-2008, and the electric pulse processing electrode 20 is fixed on the TC4 tensile fatigue specimen 21. The magnetic field excitation device, the current excitation device and the universal mechanical testing machine are started to complete the TC4 sample tension and compression fatigue test in the electromagnetic composite field environment.

[0054] The above-mentioned electromagnetic composite field in-situ fatigue performance testing device includes the following two mechanical performance testing application scenarios, one is the monitoring of changes in fatigue performance of metal materials under the action of electromagnetic composite field, and the other is the monitoring of changes in fatigue performance of metal materials under the action of electric shock.

[0055] An in-situ electromagnetic composite field generating device for conducting in-situ electromagnetic composite field fatigue performance testing is provided. Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the specimens. According to the experimental requirements and the relevant standards of the material tensile and compressive fatigue test, process the materials into appropriate sizes. Mechanical polishing is recommended to reduce the influence of surface residual stress on fatigue performance. Insulate the contact area between the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture 3. Check whether all parts of the universal mechanical testing machine are operating normally to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. Prepare a set of pulse current generating device and a set of coil device; S2. Installation and adjustment of equipment: The coil skeleton 17 and its support 18 are fixedly installed above the working platform 15 of the universal mechanical testing machine, and the copper coil 2 is wound inside the coil skeleton 17, ensuring that the radial axis of the copper coil 2 and the coil skeleton 17 coincides with the radial axis of the upper and lower clamps 3, and the two ends of the coil are respectively connected to the input and output ends of the magnetic pulse generator 8 through wires; the hydraulic cylinder is started to adjust the spacing of the clamps, and the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens 21 are fixed on the clamps 3 to complete the fixing and positioning of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens.

[0056] A pair of electrodes 20 are clamped and fixed to the upper and lower ends of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21. The electrodes 20 should fit tightly with the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 to ensure good electrical conductivity, and the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 is used as a conductor to form a loop. At the same time, the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 is insulated from the fixture 3; Connect the positive and negative poles of the output end of the high-voltage output power supply 9 to the input and output contacts of the magnetic pulse generator 8 respectively, and use the copper coil 2 as a conductor to form a magnetic field loop; Aim the lens of the infrared thermal imager 5 at the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 for installation and fixation, and connect the signal data line to the control terminal 13 (personal computer); Turn on the universal mechanical testing machine and the overall control system; set the test loading type (tension, compression, etc.) and loading amplitude; determine the number of test cycles or time; S3, turn on the infrared thermal imager 5 to collect the temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 in real time; turn on the Gauss meter to collect the magnetic field strength of the environment in which the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 is located in real time; turn on the high-voltage output power supply 9 and the magnetic pulse generator 8, select the required pulse waveform to excite the corresponding magnetic field; turn on the current amplifier 12; turn on the electric pulse generator 11 to output the required current signal to excite the electric field; connect the Hall current sensor 10 to collect the loop current data in real time; start the universal mechanical testing machine in the control terminal 13, the universal mechanical testing machine applies the load to the specimen, and starts the cyclic loading. Realize the in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue test in the electromagnetic composite field. .

[0057] Pulse current generating device used to monitor the torsional performance changes of metal materials under electric shock, such as Figure 3 As shown, the method comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the specimens. According to the experimental requirements and relevant standards for evaluating the mechanical properties of metal materials under torsional loads, process the materials into appropriate sizes. Mechanical polishing is recommended to reduce the influence of surface residual stress on torsional performance. (Specimens with circular cross-sections are the most commonly used torsional specimen shapes. The shear stress of the circular cross-section is evenly distributed during torsion, which is conducive to analyzing the torsional properties of the material. Thickened or threaded clamping sections are designed at both ends of the specimen to facilitate fixation on the universal mechanical testing machine. The design of the clamping section should avoid excessive stress concentration near the fixing point of the specimen.) The contact area between the torsional performance specimen and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture is insulated. Check whether all components of the universal mechanical testing machine are operating normally to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. And prepare a set of pulse current generating devices; S2. Installation and adjustment of equipment: Start the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the distance between the fixtures, fix the sample 21 on the fixture 3, and complete the fixation and positioning of the torsion performance sample.

[0058] A pair of electrodes 20 are clamped and fixed to the upper and lower ends of the sample 21 respectively. The electrodes 20 should fit tightly with the sample 21 to ensure good conductivity, and the sample 21 is used as a conductor to form a loop. At the same time, the sample 21 is insulated from the fixture 3; Aim the lens of the infrared thermal imager 5 at the sample 21 and install and fix it, and connect the signal data line to the control terminal 13 (personal computer); Turn on the universal mechanical testing machine and the overall control system; set the test loading type (tension, compression, etc.) and loading amplitude; set the test torque parameters (maximum torque, torque loading rate, etc.) and loading amplitude (maximum torsion angle, torsion angular rate, etc.); determine the number of test cycles or time; S3, turn on the infrared thermal imager 5, collect the temperature data of the sample 21 in real time; turn on the current amplifier 12; turn on the electric pulse generator 11 to output the required current signal to stimulate the electric field; connect the Hall current sensor 10 to collect the loop current data in real time; start the universal mechanical testing machine in the control terminal 13, the universal mechanical testing machine applies the load to the sample, and starts the cyclic loading. Realize the monitoring of the torsional performance change of the metal material under the action of electric shock.

[0059] Example 3 The electromagnetic composite field generating device used for conducting electromagnetic composite field in-situ fatigue performance test of Ti-5553 titanium alloy fasteners for aircraft engines based on Example 1 or 2 is as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 shown.

[0060] The method comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the sample. According to the requirements of the civil aircraft engine environment for material performance and the relevant standards of the tensile and compressive fatigue test, the Ti-5553 titanium alloy material is processed into a suitable size of 10 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length. It is recommended to mechanically polish the surface of the sample to reduce the influence of surface residual stress on fatigue performance. Insulate the contact part between the tensile and compressive fatigue sample 21 and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture 3.

[0061] Check whether all parts of the universal mechanical testing machine are operating normally to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. At the same time, prepare a set of pulse current generating devices and a set of magnetic field coil devices to simulate the electromagnetic environment of the aircraft engine during operation.

[0062] S2. Installation and adjustment of equipment: The coil frame 17 and its support 18 are fixedly installed above the working platform 15 of the universal mechanical testing machine, and the copper coil 2 is wound inside the coil frame 17, ensuring that the radial axis of the copper coil 2 and the coil frame 17 coincide with the upper and lower clamps 3, and the two ends of the coil are connected to the input and output ends of the magnetic pulse generator 8 through wires to generate the magnetic field intensity in the internal environment of the engine (set to 0.05 T). Start the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the clamp spacing, and fix the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 on the clamp 3 to ensure accurate positioning of the specimen.

[0063] A pair of electrodes 20 are clamped and fixed at the upper and lower ends of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21. The electrodes 20 need to fit closely with the specimen to ensure good electrical conductivity, and form a loop with the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 as a conductor. At the same time, ensure that the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 is insulated from the fixture 3.

[0064] The positive and negative output terminals of the high voltage output power supply 9 are respectively connected to the input and output contacts of the magnetic pulse generator 8, and the copper coil 2 is used as a conductor to form a magnetic field loop. This magnetic field is used to simulate the magnetic field generated by electromagnetic interference in the working environment of the engine.

[0065] Aim the infrared thermal imager 5 at the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 , and after fixed installation, connect the signal data line to the control terminal 13 (personal computer).

[0066] Start the universal mechanical testing machine and the overall control system, set the test loading type (tension and compression cycle) and loading amplitude (600 MPa) to simulate the alternating loads on the parts when the engine is working, and set the number of cycles to 1,000,000 times.

[0067] S3, turn on the infrared thermal imager 5 to collect the temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 in real time; turn on the Gauss meter to monitor the magnetic field strength of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 in real time, and ensure that the magnetic field strength remains at 0.05 T. Start the high-voltage output power supply 9 and the magnetic pulse generator 8, and select an appropriate pulse waveform to excite the corresponding magnetic field strength; turn on the current amplifier 12, and set the pulse current density to 5 x 10 5 A / cm², frequency is 8 kHz, start the electric pulse generator 11 to output a pulse signal to stimulate the electric field. Connect the Hall current sensor 10 to collect loop current data in real time to ensure that the pulse current characteristics are consistent with the electromagnetic environment of the aircraft engine.

[0068] Finally, the universal mechanical testing machine is started on the control terminal 13, and a 600 MPa tensile and compressive alternating load is applied to the sample and cyclic loading is started to simulate the in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue performance of the material in an extreme electromagnetic environment during engine operation.

[0069] Example 4 An electromagnetic composite field generating device for carrying out in-situ fatigue performance testing of electromagnetic composite fields in power plant application scenarios based on Example 1 or 2 is as follows Figure 1 , Figure 2 This test scenario targets the specific use conditions of boiler tubes in power plants and tests their fatigue performance in an electromagnetic environment.

[0070] The specific steps are as follows: S1. Prepare the specimen. According to the requirements of the working environment of the boiler tube of the power plant for material properties and the relevant standards of the tensile and compressive fatigue test, select the high-temperature resistant 15CrMoG alloy steel to process the specimen, with a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 120 mm. It is recommended to mechanically polish the surface of the specimen to reduce the influence of surface residual stress on fatigue performance. Insulate the contact part between the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture 3. Check whether all parts of the universal mechanical testing machine are operating normally to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. At the same time, prepare a set of pulse current generating devices and a set of magnetic field coil devices to simulate the electromagnetic environment in the power plant.

[0071] S2. Installation and adjustment of equipment: The coil frame 17 and its support 18 are fixedly installed on the working platform 15 of the universal mechanical testing machine, and the copper coil 2 is wound inside the coil frame 17, ensuring that the radial axis of the copper coil 2 and the coil frame 17 coincide with the upper and lower clamps 3. Connect the two ends of the coil to the input and output ends of the magnetic pulse generator 8 through wires, and set the magnetic field strength to 0.3 T to simulate the working environment of the boiler tube under high temperature and magnetic field interference. Start the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the clamp spacing, and fix the 15CrMoG boiler tube sample 21 on the clamp 3 to ensure that the sample is accurately positioned.

[0072] A pair of electrodes 20 are clamped and fixed at the upper and lower ends of the 15CrMoG sample 21. The electrodes 20 need to fit tightly with the sample, and the boiler tube sample 21 is used as a conductor to form a loop, while ensuring insulation between the sample and the fixture.

[0073] The positive and negative output terminals of the high-voltage output power supply 9 are respectively connected to the input contacts and output contacts of the magnetic pulse generator 8, and the copper coil 2 is used as a conductor to form a magnetic field loop to simulate the magnetic field influence in the boiler working environment.

[0074] Aim the lens of the infrared thermal imager 5 at the boiler tube sample 21 , and after fixed installation, connect the signal data line to the control terminal 13 (personal computer).

[0075] Start the universal mechanical testing machine and the overall control system, set the test loading type (tension and compression cycle) and loading amplitude (500 MPa) to simulate the alternating stress of the boiler tube under pressure fluctuations, and set the number of cycles to 500,000 times.

[0076] S3, turn on the infrared thermal imager 5 to collect the temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 in real time; turn on the Gauss meter to monitor the magnetic field strength of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimen 21 in real time, and ensure that the magnetic field strength remains at 0.5 T. Start the high-voltage output power supply 9 and the magnetic pulse generator 8, and select an appropriate pulse waveform to excite the corresponding magnetic field strength; turn on the current amplifier 12, and set the pulse current density to 3 x 10 5 A / cm², frequency is 2 kHz, start the electric pulse generator 11 to output pulse signal to stimulate the electric field. Connect the Hall current sensor 10 to collect loop current data in real time to ensure that the pulse current characteristics are consistent with the electromagnetic environment of the engine.

[0077] Finally, the universal mechanical testing machine is started on the control terminal 13, and an alternating tensile and compressive load of 500 MPa is applied to the sample and cyclic loading is started to simulate the in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue performance of the material in an extreme electromagnetic environment during the operation of the power plant.

[0078] In summary, the various subsystems of the device of the present invention, including the magnetic field generating device and the universal mechanical testing machine, are independently installed and arranged, and the equipment process parameters of the magnetic field generating device and the universal mechanical testing machine can be independently and freely adjusted, and the test plan can be customized according to specific requirements to obtain more accurate and reliable test data; the electromagnetic composite field in-situ mechanical properties testing technology proposed by the present invention is applicable to various metal materials, such as aluminum alloys, nickel-based alloys, carbon steel, titanium alloys, etc.; the magnetic field parameters of the present invention can be monitored and adjusted in real time during the experiment, so that the magnetic field environment changes under actual service conditions can be accurately simulated in the material mechanical properties test. This dynamic control capability not only improves the accuracy and reproducibility of the experimental results, but also can study the microstructure evolution and fatigue crack propagation mechanism of the material under complex electric and magnetic field conditions, providing a scientific basis and technical support for further optimizing material design and application.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0080] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components, characterized in that: It includes a universal mechanical testing machine, a current excitation device and a magnetic field excitation device. The current output excitation end of the current excitation device is connected to the fixture on the universal mechanical testing machine, and the output magnetic field of the magnetic field excitation device is arranged around the sample clamping position on the universal mechanical testing machine.

2. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal mechanical testing machine includes a specimen clamping system, a loading system, a sensor system, a data acquisition system, and a control system. The specimen clamping system is connected to the loading system, the sensor system is connected to the control system through the data acquisition system, and the control system is connected to the loading system. The loading system is used to apply tensile or compressive loads and twist to the specimen through the fixture of the specimen clamping system.

3. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sample clamping system comprises a clamp (3), wherein the clamps are respectively a first clamp and a second clamp, and the loading system comprises a motor and a telescopic cylinder, which are used for applying force or displacement control, and the motor and the telescopic cylinder are connected to the first clamp or the second clamp, the motor is used to make the first clamp and the second clamp rotate relative to each other, and the telescopic cylinder is used to make the first clamp and the second clamp have a relative distance.

4. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sensor system includes a strain gauge, a Gauss meter and a displacement sensor. The strain gauge is used to be attached to the sample. The Gauss meter is used to be set on or near the sample to collect the magnetic field strength of the sample. The first clamp and the second clamp are respectively a fixed clamp and a movable clamp, and the displacement sensor is set on the movable clamp.

5. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The current excitation device comprises a current amplifier (12), an electric pulse generator (11) and a Hall current sensor (10); the current amplifier (12) is connected to two ends of a sample clamped on a sample clamping system via the electric pulse generator (11); the Hall current sensor (10) is connected to the current amplifier (12) and to a data acquisition system.

6. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic field excitation device comprises a high-voltage output power supply (9), a magnetic pulse generator (8), a coil, a coil frame (17) and a coil support (18). The magnetic pulse generator (8) is connected to the high-voltage output power supply (9), the high-voltage output power supply (9) is connected to the coil, the coil is sleeved outside the sample clamping position, and the coil is arranged on the coil support (18) through the coil frame (17).

7. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system is connected to an infrared thermal imager (5) for collecting temperature data of the sample surface and the electrodes of the current excitation device in real time.

8. The electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact area between the specimen and the universal mechanical testing machine fixture is insulated.

9. An in-situ tensile and compressive fatigue test method under an electromagnetic composite field environment using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Fix the sample on the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, use the sample as a conductor to form a loop, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; Put the coil of the magnetic field excitation device on the outer ring of the sample and install it; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the sample respectively, the lens of the infrared thermal imager is aligned with the sample and fixed, and the infrared thermal imager is connected to the control system; The load type and load amplitude of the test are set through the control system to determine the number of cycles or time of the test; The temperature data of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens are collected in real time by infrared thermal imagers; the magnetic field strength of the tensile and compressive fatigue specimens is collected in real time by sensor systems; the required pulse waveform is selected to excite the corresponding magnetic field by magnetic field excitation devices; the required current signal is output by current excitation devices to excite the electric field; and the loop current data is collected in real time; The universal mechanical testing machine is started in the control terminal of the control system. The universal mechanical testing machine applies load to the specimen and starts cyclic loading to realize in-situ tension and compression fatigue testing in the electromagnetic composite field.

10. A method for monitoring the change in torsional performance of metal materials under the action of electric shock using the electromagnetic composite field generating device for testing the mechanical properties of metal components as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Clamp and fix the sample on the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine, and insulate the contact part between the sample and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine; A pair of electrodes of the current excitation device are clamped and fixed at the two ends of the torsion performance specimen, the specimen is used as a conductor to form a loop, and the contact part between the specimen and the fixture of the universal mechanical testing machine is insulated; Aim the infrared thermal imager's lens at the sample and install and fix it, and connect the infrared thermal imager to the control system; The torque parameters and loading amplitude of the test are set through the control system; Determine the number of cycles or duration of the test; The temperature data of the torsion performance sample is collected in real time by the infrared thermal imager; the required current signal is output by the current excitation device to excite the electric field; the loop current data is collected in real time by the sensor system; Start the universal mechanical testing machine in the control system, apply load to the specimen, and start cyclic loading, so as to monitor the change of torsional performance of metal materials under the action of electric shock.

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