Modularized full-scene distributed small atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized full-scene distributed small atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system, which comprises a main control bottom plate and a plurality of modules, the modules comprise a sensor module, an edge calculation module, a communication module, a battery module and a display module, the modules have three sizes, and the main control bottom plate is provided with a plurality of universal module mounting interfaces. Modules can be selected and replaced according to use scenes and requirements, and the main control base plate can automatically identify the types of the modules. Aiming at the problems of poor compatibility, poor expansibility and poor intelligent capability of an existing atmospheric environment monitoring system, the detection system is designed, the system can be conveniently popularized to various use scenes by replacing a sensor module, a data transmission module and the like, distributed monitoring can be realized through a multi-point transmission module, and the monitoring efficiency is improved by carrying an edge calculation module. And a neural network algorithm is operated on the intelligent monitoring system, so that the functions of predicting, early warning, tracing and the like of atmospheric pollutant concentration are realized, and intelligent monitoring is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a structure improvement technology for atmospheric environment monitoring equipment, and in particular to achieving full-scenario distributed intelligent monitoring of the atmospheric environment through modularization. Background Art

[0002] The acceleration of industrialization and urbanization has caused a decline in air quality. Environmental monitoring is mainly based on monitoring stations, but the monitoring stations are far apart and cannot achieve accurate monitoring of local areas. If you want to measure the surrounding air quality, individuals or companies need to measure it themselves.

[0003] First, the environmental variables that need to be monitored in different environments are not the same. For example, families need to monitor temperature and humidity, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radon, etc.; sewage treatment plants and surrounding areas need to monitor ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, non-methane total hydrocarbons and odor, etc.; breeding enterprises need to monitor hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide and ammonia, etc. When the monitoring environment changes, the monitoring instrument needs to be redesigned. Second, some scenarios require monitoring of environmental variables in multiple locations, and most of the current air monitors are independent, and can only store monitoring data locally or upload them to cloud servers. There is a lack of communication means between monitors, and the data correlation between devices cannot be fully utilized. The present invention intends to carry out single-point monitoring and multi-point monitoring by carrying a many-to-many communication module. Third, there are currently two types of environmental monitors: wired power supply and lithium battery power supply. Wired power supply cannot achieve mobile monitoring. The lithium battery power supply solution requires regular charging and manual maintenance. When fixed monitoring is performed, it will cause waste of lithium batteries and bring the risk of overcharging and over-discharging of lithium batteries. The power module of the present invention has multiple types, including wired power module, lithium battery power module, and solar power module, to meet diverse needs. Different scenarios have different requirements for atmospheric environment monitors, and a single monitor obviously cannot meet the diverse needs of the market.

[0004] Currently, modular monitoring platforms are relatively large in size and are often based on monitoring vehicles, which are mounted on heavy-duty buses or trucks. They are also characterized by high cost and high power consumption, making them unsuitable for small scenarios such as homes and offices. The monitoring system designed in the present invention is only the size of a palm and is not limited by size when conducting atmospheric environment monitoring.

[0005] With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, the intelligence of machines is constantly improving. Environmental monitoring instruments can not only be used to obtain data, but also to further mine the monitored data. , dig out its in-depth value. At present, environmental monitoring instruments are still only at the stage of environmental variable monitoring, with a low degree of intelligence, and have not processed the data to obtain more valuable content. In the future, we can use the first-hand data on the monitor to perform edge computing, realize intelligent functions such as predicting the concentration of environmental variables, early warning of concentration exceeding the standard, linkage control of emergency treatment equipment, and tracing the location of air pollution sources. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular full-scenario distributed intelligent atmospheric environment monitoring system, which modularly designs the environmental monitoring equipment, retains only the microcontroller and the components necessary for operation on the main control baseboard, and carries a number of module universal interfaces to connect the modules. The types of modules include sensor modules, power modules, communication modules, display modules, storage modules, and edge computing modules. It has a high degree of scalability and flexibility, and is highly inclusive of monitoring objects, monitoring conditions, and monitoring requirements. It meets the monitoring requirements in different situations and realizes full-scenario distributed atmospheric environment monitoring. Since the present invention can be equipped with an edge computing module and run a lightweight neural network model on it, many intelligent functions can be realized.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system, including a main control baseboard 1 and a module group, in which a sensor module, an edge computing module, a communication module, a battery module and a display module can be installed;

[0008] The sensor module is used to monitor the atmospheric environment; the edge computing module deploys a neural network model on it to realize edge computing; the communication module is used to communicate with other monitoring systems, host computers, and cloud servers; the battery module provides power for the monitoring system; the display module is used for human-computer interaction to display monitoring data and calculation data, and the operating parameters of the monitoring system can also be adjusted through the touch screen.

[0009] The main control base plate and the module group are connected using a universal interface. The universal interface has all the communication lines, power lines and module model detection lines required by the modules in the module group at the electrical level, and has the same interface, the same width, and three different lengths at the physical installation level. The positions between the modules in the module group can be replaced. In addition, the main control base plate can identify the model of the module at that position through the module model detection line to execute the corresponding program. The above method realizes true interface universality physically and electrically, and the module can be installed on any universal interface of the main control base plate.

[0010] In order to realize full-scenario atmospheric environment monitoring, the present invention designs multiple models of the same type of modules.

[0011] The sensor module includes a temperature sensor module, a humidity sensor module, a carbon dioxide sensor module, an oxygen sensor module, a carbon monoxide sensor module, a formaldehyde sensor module, a volatile organic compound sensor module, a hydrogen sulfide sensor module, an ammonia sensor module, a sulfur dioxide sensor module and other sensor modules. Although the gases in the atmospheric environment and their measuring sensors cannot be exhausted, the communication methods used by the electrochemical gas sensor can be exhausted, and the universal interface has a common communication method. A new gas sensor module can be redesigned according to the design requirements of the present invention, and communicate according to the new sensor communication protocol, update the module library and burn the firmware. The sensor module can monitor common gases in the atmosphere, covering multiple industries, and can be continuously expanded.

[0012] The power modules include 220V AC power modules, 5-12V low-voltage DC power modules, lithium battery power modules, solar power modules and other power modules; when fixed monitoring and wired power access are convenient, wired power modules can be selected; when wired power supply is inconvenient and there is sunlight, solar modules can be selected; when neither changes, only lithium battery power modules can be selected, and they must be replaced manually regularly.

[0013] When distributed monitoring and data upload are required, a communication module can be installed. Communication modules include wired communication and wireless communication. When there is strong electromagnetic interference, wired communication can be used, such as 485 communication module, Ethernet communication module, CAN bus communication module, etc. Wireless communication modules can be selected according to the communication distance, including WIFI communication, Lora networking communication, GPRS communication and other wireless communications. The above communication modules can realize networking communication and distributed monitoring.

[0014] When you need to observe the real-time data of the monitoring system, you can install the display module. When you do not need to upload data or the signal is poor, you can install the SD card storage module to store data and prevent data loss.

[0015] The edge computing module can ensure that the monitoring system not only measures data, but also serves as a data processing terminal. Through the computing power of the edge computing module, the current data obtained by the monitoring system, and the historical data saved on the SD card, different intelligent functions can be realized by running different neural network models. For example, deploying a recurrent neural network and its derivative modules on the edge computing module can predict the concentration of monitored environmental variables. When the concentration exceeds the standard, an alarm can be issued in advance, and other emergency measures such as opening the air ventilation system and closing the valve can be taken. When distributed environmental monitoring is built, pollutant traceability can also be achieved. The collection of all nodes is transmitted to a monitoring device. The source of pollutants can be traced through the pollution source inversion model to quickly locate and find problems. In addition, edge computing can also pre-process the monitoring data in advance, reduce the pressure on the cloud server, and reduce network congestion.

[0016] Advantages and effects of the present invention: The sensors, power supplies, communications, displays, memory and other parts are modularized, and the corresponding modules are selected and installed according to the usage requirements of different scenarios, which greatly enhances the expansibility of the monitoring system and achieves the purpose of full-scenario use. Different monitoring systems are connected through communication modules to achieve distributed monitoring of target sites, which can fully explore the connections between the data themselves without relying on cloud servers. The monitoring system can also be equipped with an edge computing module to realize many intelligent functions such as output preprocessing, data prediction, pollution warning, pollutant tracing, etc. It does not rely on cloud servers, has a fast response speed, and has higher data security. It also has the advantage of a small size. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is an external view of the axial side of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 1 In the figure, 1 is the main control board, 2-10 are modules, 2-3 are X3 size modules, 4-5 are X2 size modules, and 6-10 are X1 size modules. The modules can be sensor modules, edge computing modules, communication modules, battery modules, display modules, etc.; 11 is an input button, 12 is a buzzer, 13 is an LED indicator, 14 is a switch, 15 is a power interface, and 16 is a sensor module air duct outlet.

[0019] Figure 2 It is an assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2In the diagram, each part is composed of a circuit board and an upper and lower cover of the housing. 1a is the upper cover of the main control baseboard, 1b is the circuit board of the main control baseboard, 1c is the lower cover of the main control baseboard, 2 is the display module, 2a is the lower cover of the display module, 2b is the circuit board of the display module, 2c is the LCD screen, 2d is the upper cover of the display module, and 2e1-4 are fixing screws.

[0021] Figure 3 It is the internal air duct in the sensor module of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 In the figure, 17 is a turbo fan, 18 is an internal air duct, and the sensor is installed inside the internal air duct, 19 is an air inlet, and 20 is an air outlet.

[0023] Figure 4 It is an interface equipped with the universal interface of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is the hardware encapsulation of the universal interface of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the module model identification of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 The star network structure established for the Lora communication module of the present invention

[0027] Figure 7 In the figure, the center is the central node, and the surrounding nodes are sub-nodes. The central node receives data from the sub-nodes and performs Bina element calculations.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a flow chart of the monitoring system software operation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is composed of a main control baseboard, a sensor module, an edge computing module, a communication module, a battery module and a display module.

[0030] The overall technical solution implementation process is as follows:

[0031] The universal interface is responsible for connecting the main control baseboard and each module. The pins of the universal interface are shown in the attached figure. The universal interface has various common data communication interfaces, such as serial port, IIC, SPI, CAN, ADC, etc., as well as power cord and module model detection line. The designed universal interface can not only realize the communication between the main control baseboard and the module, but also realize the automatic identification of the module model. Since the universal interface is equipped with a rich communication interface, it can easily expand other devices and enrich the monitoring objects and monitoring needs. The encapsulation of the universal interface adopts the PCIEx1 interface. Its hardware encapsulation is shown in the attached figure. The encapsulation is a gold finger connector with the characteristics of easy plugging and unplugging. The female head is on the main control baseboard, and the male head is on the module. When in use, insert the module into the interface on the main control baseboard.

[0032] The module model is identified by monitoring the ADC_MOD pin in the hardware pin. The module outputs a different voltage value on this pin. The main control board obtains the voltage value through analog-to-digital conversion and identifies the module model through the table lookup method. The design using the AD key method is shown in the attached figure. Each column in the figure can represent a module. The plugging and unplugging of the module represents the switch (SW1-10) in the figure. Each module is equipped with a different matching resistor (R1-10). In order to make the ADC_IN value an arithmetic progression, the resistance value of the matching resistor is set by the following formula 1.

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Where: ADC_IN is the voltage value read by the main control board;

[0036] Rn is the resistance value of the matching resistor of the nth module;

[0037] R0 is the resistance of the voltage divider resistor, which is a constant value;

[0038] n is the module number;

[0039] N is the total number of modules;

[0040] Vref+ is the positive reference voltage;

[0041] The example in the schematic diagram is to divide Vref+ into 10 equal parts. If the module model increases, N will be increased, and the resistance value of the R1-N sequence matching resistor will be adjusted accordingly. Because the ADC converter is usually 12 bits or even higher, theoretically 4096 types of modules can be recognized, but due to the error of the resistor, it can still meet the needs of dozens of types.

[0042] There are many types of sensor modules, each of which can monitor one or more gases and transmit gas data to the main control board through a universal interface. For example, the environmental variables collected in an office environment include particulate matter, formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, TVOC, temperature and humidity, and the environmental variables that need to be collected in a sewage treatment plant include hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane and methyl mercaptan. Corresponding sensor modules are designed. The sensor uses three data output methods: UART, IIC and ADC, and the universal interface includes the above three data transmission methods.

[0043] The gases that this monitoring system can monitor are not limited to the gases in these two scenarios. It can also collect gases in other environments. As long as the universal interface contains the communication method of the new sensor, a new gas sensor module can be designed and connected to this system. This monitoring system has a strong tolerance for the monitored objects and has strong expansibility, and can realize environmental monitoring in all scenarios.

[0044] The communication module is responsible for communicating with other devices and transmitting the atmospheric environment data of this point to other monitoring devices, host computers, cloud servers, etc. The monitoring systems can realize networking communication and transmit data to a device. Through the edge computing module, some intelligent algorithms can be run to realize more intelligent functions locally on the device. For example, when a polluted gas leak occurs, the location of the pollution source can be traced using the diffusion model and data from various points.

[0045] There are also multiple models of communication modules to meet different needs. Wired communication modules include CAN bus communication modules and Ethernet communication modules. CAN bus has strong anti-interference ability and Ethernet has high transmission rate. Wireless communication modules include WIFI module, LoRa module and GSM module. WIFI has high transmission rate, LoRa has strong networking ability and GSM has long communication distance. Considering the data transmission speed, distance, networking ability, anti-interference ability and cost of various communication methods, the most suitable communication method should be selected according to the specific application scenario and needs. For example, this system uses LoRa communication module to establish a star network structure to realize distributed environmental monitoring.

[0046] The universal interface is connected in the form of plug-in. There is no hard connection between the module and the main control baseboard. Therefore, bolts are used to tighten the other side of the universal interface to ensure the reliability of its connection. In addition, different modules generally have different volumes. For example, the size of the LCD display is 60X95mm, while the temperature and humidity sensor SHT30 is only 2.6X2.6mm. Therefore, the size of the module should not be completely consistent and should have multiple lengths. This monitoring system has designed three modules with different lengths, namely X1, X2, and X3, with lengths of 30mm, 65mm, and 100mm respectively. Although the lengths are inconsistent, X3 can be compatible with 3 X1 modules for installation, and the same X2 can be compatible with two X1 modules for installation.

[0047] See the attached diagram for the assembly of the monitoring system. In the figure, 1 is the main control baseboard, 2-10 are modules, 2-3 are X3-sized modules, 4-5 are X2-sized modules, and 6-10 are X1-sized modules. Each module consists of a housing, a circuit board, and components. After assembly, it is inserted into the main control baseboard and fixed with bolts on the right.

[0048] When monitoring the atmospheric environment, the sensor needs to be in contact with the outside air. In the structural diagram, only modules 6-8 can be in contact with the outside air, while it is relatively difficult for the modules inside the monitoring system to be in contact with the outside air. In this case, it is necessary to construct an air duct and use a motor to suck the outside air into the module, and then discharge it to the outside after passing through the sensor. The schematic diagram of the air duct is shown in the attached figure.

[0049] The performance of edge computing devices is much lower than that of desktop processors, which leads to an increase in computing time. First, the model is lightweight, such as model pruning, quantization, knowledge distillation, etc. On the basis of ensuring model performance, the number of network layers and neurons is reduced, thereby reducing model complexity and computing time. In addition, the training and optimization of the model are completed on the computer. After the model is deployed to the edge computing model, only forward reasoning is performed, and the model is not trained on the edge computing end.

[0050] The overall operation process of the monitoring system is shown in the attached figure. First, the module model is identified. By reading the voltage value on the ADC_MOD pin on the universal interface, the module model is identified by looking up the table, and the identification of all module models is completed in sequence. Then the device is initialized according to the module model, and different modules run different programs. After the module is initialized, the data collection of the atmospheric environment can be started, and the timing time of the timer is set according to the sampling interval. When the timer time is up, the data acquisition specification is sent to the sensor module, and the sensor is waited for to return the data. After receiving the data, the data is first verified, and the data is parsed after the verification is passed; there are also some sensor modules that can directly obtain data, such as sensors that output voltage values. This type of sensor needs to convert the voltage value into a concentration value according to the characteristic curve. When all sensor data is obtained, the data on the display is updated, the data is stored in the SD card, the data is sent to the edge computing module, and finally the data is sent to other devices through the communication module.

Claims

1. Modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system, characterized by: It includes a main control baseboard and a module group, wherein the modules of the module group include a sensor module, an edge computing module, a communication module, a battery module and a display module; wherein the sensor module is used to monitor the atmospheric environment; the edge computing module deploys a neural network model on it to realize edge computing; the communication module is used to communicate with other monitoring systems, a host computer and a cloud server; the battery module provides power for the monitoring system; the display module is used for human-computer interaction to display the monitoring data and the calculation data, or to adjust the operating parameters of the monitoring system through a touch screen.

2. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The main control baseboard and the module group are connected through a universal interface; the universal interface has a signal line, a power line and a module model detection line; the signal line is used to communicate with the module, including a universal synchronous asynchronous receiver and transmitter, a serial communication bus, a synchronous serial peripheral interface, a controller area network, and an analog-to-digital converter; the communication signals used by different modules are of the same type, and 5 signal lines of the same type are installed; the power line is reserved for the power module, and the power of the power module is transmitted to the main control baseboard through the power line, and indirectly transmitted to all modules; the module model detection line is used to allow the main control module to identify the module model, so that the main controller performs different tasks, and different modules output a different voltage value to the main controller through the module model detection line, and the main controller identifies the module model by the voltage value read; the main control baseboard is equipped with 5 rows and 3 columns of universal interfaces, each of which is the same, and all wiring harnesses except the module model detection line are connected together and finally connected to the main controller; each module model detection line passing through the interface is individually connected to the main controller.

3. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The module is installed on any universal interface on the main control baseboard; three modules with different lengths are designed, namely 100 cm for X3 module, 65 cm for X2 module, and 30 cm for X1 module; the X3 module occupies three universal interfaces and is plugged into the leftmost interface; the X2 module occupies two positions of universal interfaces and is also plugged into the leftmost interface; the X1 module only occupies one universal interface; each row of the main control baseboard has three universal interfaces, supporting the installation of 1 X3 module, or 1 X1 module and 1 X2 module, or 3 X1 modules.

4. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The communication module realizes many-to-many communication and transmits the measurement data to other devices, including other monitoring devices, host computers and cloud servers. The communication module realizes distributed monitoring of the target site and can also expand the monitoring range. The monitoring equipment can obtain data from other monitoring devices in the surrounding area and run the diffusion model through edge computing to trace the location of the pollutant leakage source. The host computer and cloud server receive the data sent by the monitoring system in real time.

5. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring system is small in size, with a length, width and height of 100 cm each.

6. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring system is equipped with an edge module and runs intelligent algorithms to deploy the neural network model on the desktop to the edge computing module. The edge computing device obtains first-hand data through the main control device to predict and warn of pollutant concentrations and trace the location of pollutants without relying on the network or cloud servers.

7. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The universal interface has numerous communication signal lines. When the usage scenario is changed, a new sensor module can be designed to facilitate expansion and full-scenario compatibility.

8. The modular full-scenario distributed small-scale atmospheric environment intelligent monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor module is installed on the outside of the monitoring system. For sensor modules that cannot be installed on the outside, air ducts are designed through fans and module housings to ensure good contact between the sensor and external air and to ensure monitoring quality.

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