State switching device supporting hot plug

Abstract

The invention provides a state switching device supporting hot plug, and the device is characterized in that two switching systems are in one-to-one correspondence with two board cards; each switching system is arranged on the corresponding board card; the relay module receives an LED control signal and an operation control signal of the connector through the driving circuit; the input end of the safety control circuit is connected with the output end of the connector; the output end of the safety control circuit is connected with the voltage driving end of the relay module; the relay module outputs a state signal to the connector; that is to say, a double-board-card design is used, and hardware circuits of double-system board cards are the same, so that mutual insertion and interchange can be realized, maintenance is convenient, and operation or maintenance of one switching system is ensured not to interfere with normal operation of the other switching system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and more specifically, relates to a state switching device supporting hot plugging. Background Art

[0002] In many application scenarios in the field of automation, the requirements for system effectiveness are increasing, which directly promotes the need to improve the fault tolerance of automation systems, especially in environments where the cost of equipment downtime is high. In order to meet these stringent standards, redundancy technology is widely used in DCS (Distributed Control System) to ensure the required level of safety, reliability and effectiveness. DCS control systems cover a variety of technologies such as network redundancy, DPU (Data Processing Unit) redundancy, IO card redundancy, and power supply redundancy.

[0003] In the DCS system, DPU is a key component, but its failure may cause data interruption. In order to ensure the reliability of data interaction, DPU is designed as a redundant structure, that is, a dual system is used for protection. When one system fails, the other system can ensure the normal interaction of data. There are two main types of redundant architecture: active-standby mode and active-parallel mode. Among them, the active-standby mode contains two devices, one as the main device to handle normal business, and the other as the backup device to monitor the status of the main device and take over the work when the main device fails. This design is intended to improve the high availability of the system and prevent service interruptions.

[0004] However, the existing DCS control scheme has some problems in the dual-system switching circuit. The dual-system switching circuit usually adopts a relay interlocking architecture and is drawn on the same board. This means that if the relay or switching circuit of one of the systems is damaged, the power supply of the entire device needs to be stopped for maintenance, which affects the normal operation of the device. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a state switching device that supports hot plugging, which is used for using a dual-board design, and the dual-system board hardware circuits are the same, can be plugged in and interchanged, and are convenient for maintenance, ensuring that the operation or maintenance of one switching system will not interfere with the normal operation of another switching system.

[0006] The present application discloses a state switching device supporting hot plugging, comprising: two switching systems; the switching system comprises: a connector, a safety control circuit, a drive circuit and a relay module;

[0007] The two switching systems correspond to the two boards one by one; each switching system is arranged on its corresponding board;

[0008] The relay module receives the LED control signal and the operation control signal of the connector through the drive circuit;

[0009] The input end of the safety control circuit is connected to the output end of the connector;

[0010] The output end of the safety control circuit is connected to the voltage driving end of the relay module;

[0011] The relay module outputs a status signal to the connector.

[0012] Optionally, the two switching systems are interlocked.

[0013] Optionally, the relay module includes: an operation relay, a status relay and a dual system relay;

[0014] The operation relay receives the operation control signal and the LED control signal of the connector, and receives the voltage drive signal output by the output end of the safety control circuit;

[0015] The first output terminal of the operation relay outputs the status signal to the connector;

[0016] The second output terminal of the operation relay outputs a first operation drive signal to the status relay;

[0017] The dual-system relay receives an interlock signal of another switching system through the connector;

[0018] The dual system relay outputs a second operation drive signal to the status relay;

[0019] The status relay outputs an interlock signal to another switching system through the connector.

[0020] Optionally, in the operating relay: one end of its coil receives the voltage drive signal of the safety control circuit, and the other end of the coil is grounded; its 63 pin is connected to the second output end of the drive circuit; its 64 pin outputs the main system light signal in the status signal; its 44 pin is connected to the third output end of the drive circuit, and its 43 pin outputs the standby system light signal in the status signal; its 22 pin receives the voltage signal of the first power supply; its 21 pin outputs the fault light signal in the status signal; its 33 pin is connected to the first output end of the drive circuit; its 34 pin outputs the first operating drive signal;

[0021] In the state relay: one end of the coil receives the first operation drive signal, and the other end of the coil receives the second operation drive signal; its 53 pin is grounded; its 54 pin serves as the first output end of the interlock signal; its 33 pin is connected to the first power supply; its 34 pin serves as the second output end of the interlock signal; the interlock signal is used to be transmitted to another switching system;

[0022] In the dual-system relay: both ends of its coil receive the interlocking signal of another switching system; its 21 pin outputs the second operation drive signal; and its 22 pin is grounded.

[0023] Optionally, in the operating relay: between pins 63 and 64, between pins 43 and 44, and between pins 33 and 34 are all in a normally open state; between pins 22 and 21 is in a normally closed state;

[0024] In the state relay: between its 53rd pin and 54th pin, and between its 43rd pin and 44th pin are both in the normally open state;

[0025] In the dual system relay: the state between pins 21 and 22 is normally closed.

[0026] Optionally, the driving circuit includes: a first driving unit, a second driving unit and a third driving unit;

[0027] In the first driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the first isolation optocoupler receives the operation control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a first driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the first isolation optocoupler is connected to a first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as a first output end of the driving circuit;

[0028] In the second driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the second isolation optocoupler receives the main system light control signal in the LED control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a second driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the second isolation optocoupler is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the second output end of the driving circuit;

[0029] In the third driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the third isolation optocoupler receives the standby light control signal in the LED control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a third driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the third isolation optocoupler is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the third output end of the driving circuit.

[0030] Optionally, the safety control circuit includes: a PWM voltage regulation circuit and a window voltage comparator;

[0031] The first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is connected to a first power supply;

[0032] The second input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit serves as the input end of the safety control circuit;

[0033] The output end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is connected to the second input end of the window voltage comparator;

[0034] The first input terminal of the window voltage comparator is connected to a second power supply;

[0035] The third input terminal of the window voltage comparator is connected to a third power supply;

[0036] The output end of the window voltage comparator serves as the output end of the safety control circuit.

[0037] Optionally, the PWM voltage regulation circuit includes: a first diode, an inductor, a power converter, first to sixth capacitors and first to fourth resistors;

[0038] The VIN pin of the power converter is respectively connected to one end of the first capacitor, one end of the second capacitor and one end of the third capacitor, and the connection point serves as the first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit;

[0039] The VC pin of the power converter is connected to the other end of the third capacitor;

[0040] The SW pin of the power converter is connected to the cathode of the first diode and one end of the inductor respectively;

[0041] The FB pin of the power converter is respectively connected to one end of the second resistor, one end of the first resistor and one end of the third resistor;

[0042] The other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and one end of the sixth capacitor respectively;

[0043] The other end of the fourth resistor serves as the second input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit;

[0044] The other end of the inductor is respectively connected to the other end of the first resistor, one end of the fourth capacitor and one end of the fifth capacitor, and the connection point serves as the output end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit;

[0045] The other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the fourth capacitor, the other end of the fifth capacitor, the other end of the sixth capacitor, the other end of the second resistor, the anode of the first diode and the GND pin of the power converter are all grounded.

[0046] Optionally, the window voltage comparator comprises: a second diode, a third diode, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier and fifth to eighth resistors;

[0047] One end of the fifth resistor serves as the first input end of the window voltage comparator;

[0048] One end of the sixth resistor serves as the second input end of the window voltage comparator;

[0049] One end of the seventh resistor serves as the third input end of the window voltage comparator;

[0050] The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the negative phase input terminal of the first operational amplifier;

[0051] The other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the positive phase input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the negative phase input terminal of the second operational amplifier respectively;

[0052] The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier;

[0053] The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the anode of the second diode;

[0054] The output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the anode of the third diode;

[0055] The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and one end of the eighth resistor respectively; the connection point serves as the output end of the window voltage comparator;

[0056] The other end of the eighth resistor is grounded.

[0057] Optionally, the connector is a 96-pin connector.

[0058] It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention provides a state switching device that supports hot plugging, wherein two switching systems correspond one-to-one to two boards; each switching system is arranged on its corresponding board; the relay module receives the LED control signal and the operation control signal of the connector through the drive circuit; the input end of the safety control circuit is connected to the output end of the connector; the output end of the safety control circuit is connected to the voltage drive end of the relay module; the relay module outputs the state signal to the connector; that is, a dual-board design is used, and the hardware circuits of the dual-system boards are the same, so they can be plugged in and interchanged, which is convenient for maintenance, ensuring that the operation or maintenance of one switching system will not interfere with the normal operation of another switching system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of another state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a relay module involved in a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a relay module involved in a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a relay module involved in a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit involved in a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a safety control module involved in a state switching device supporting hot plugging provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] In the present application, the term "comprise", "include" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or equipment. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise one ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment including the elements. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if present) in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable in appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described here can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described here, for example.

[0070] Terminology explanation:

[0071] DCS: Distributed control system is a new generation of instrument control system based on microprocessor, adopting the design principle of decentralized control function, centralized display operation, and taking into account the design principles of division and autonomy and comprehensive coordination. Distributed control system is referred to as DCS, which can also be directly translated as "distributed control system" or "distributed computer control system". It adopts the basic design concept of decentralized control, centralized operation and management, and adopts a multi-level hierarchical, cooperative and autonomous structure. Its main features are centralized management and decentralized control. DCS has been widely used in various industries such as electricity, metallurgy, petrochemicals, etc.

[0072] DPU: Data processor is a new generation of processor for data-centric computing, integrating complete data center functions in a single chip, CPU and GPU together form the three pillars of new computing. DPU is a data processing unit, used for data exchange between the engineer station and IO acquisition card, and consists of two systems: main and standby.

[0073] The embodiment of the present application discloses a state switching device supporting hot plugging, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art that if the relay or switching circuit of one of the systems is damaged, the power supply of the entire device needs to be stopped during maintenance, thereby affecting the normal operation of the device.

[0074] See also Figure 1 , the state switching device supporting hot plugging includes: two switching systems.

[0075] The two switching systems correspond to the two boards one by one; each switching system is arranged on its corresponding board.

[0076] That is to say, different switching systems are set on different boards, so that the switching systems can be independently powered and maintained without affecting the use of another switching system; that is, ensuring that the operation or maintenance of one switching system will not interfere with the normal operation of another switching system.

[0077] Different switching systems can use a motherboard to complete the electrical connections.

[0078] The two switching systems are connected to their respective system boards to receive external PWM signals, operation control signals and LED control signal lights. The two switching systems exchange interlocking signals. At the same time, the two switching systems can also be connected to the indicator light circuit so that the indicator light circuit displays according to the indicator light drive signal.

[0079] Specifically, the first switching system is arranged on the first board; and the second switching system is arranged on the second board.

[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, the switching system includes: a connector, a safety control circuit, a drive circuit and a relay module.

[0081] The relay module receives the LED control signal and the operation control signal of the connector through the driving circuit.

[0082] It should be noted that the LED control signal includes a main system light control signal and a standby system light control signal.

[0083] Specifically, the first signal end of the connector is connected to the first input end of the driving circuit to transmit the operation control signal to the driving circuit; the second signal end of the connector is connected to the second input end of the driving circuit to transmit the main system light control signal to the driving circuit. The third signal end of the connector is connected to the third input end of the driving circuit to transmit the standby system light control signal to the driving circuit.

[0084] The first output end of the driving circuit is connected to the first input end of the relay module; the second output end of the driving circuit is connected to the second input end of the relay, and the third output end of the driving circuit is connected to the third input end of the relay module.

[0085] When the first input end of the driving circuit receives the operation control signal, the first output end of the driving circuit outputs the first driving signal to the first input end of the relay module.

[0086] When the second input end of the driving circuit receives the main system lamp control signal, the second output end of the driving circuit outputs a second driving signal to the second input end of the relay module.

[0087] When the third input terminal of the driving circuit receives the standby lamp control signal, the third output terminal of the driving circuit outputs a third driving signal to the third input terminal of the relay module.

[0088] The input end of the safety control circuit is connected to the output end of the connector.

[0089] The safety control circuit receives the PWM signal of the connector through its own input terminal. At the same time, the safety control circuit can also receive power from the connector, and of course other power supply methods are not excluded, which will not be described here one by one.

[0090] The output end of the safety control circuit is connected to the voltage driving end of the relay module.

[0091] Specifically, the safety control circuit receives a PWM signal from the connector, generates a voltage drive signal according to the PWM signal, and transmits the voltage drive signal to the voltage drive end of the relay module through its own output end.

[0092] The voltage driving signal may be a 24V voltage signal; other signals are of course not excluded and will not be described in detail here. It will depend on the actual situation and are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0093] The relay module outputs status signals to the connector.

[0094] That is to say, the relay module itself will also feed back the corresponding signal to the connector, so that the connector can obtain the state of the relay module.

[0095] The status signal may include at least one of a main system light signal, a standby system light signal, a fault light signal and an interlock signal. Of course, other signals may also be included, which will not be described here one by one, depending on the actual situation, and are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0096] In this embodiment, the two switching systems correspond to the two boards one by one; each switching system is arranged on its corresponding board; the relay module receives the LED control signal and the operation control signal of the connector through the driving circuit; the input end of the safety control circuit is connected to the output end of the connector; the output end of the safety control circuit is connected to the voltage driving end of the relay module; the relay module outputs the status signal to the connector; that is to say, a dual-board design is used, and the hardware circuits of the dual-system boards are the same, which can be plugged in and interchanged, convenient for maintenance, and ensure that the operation or maintenance of one switching system will not interfere with the normal operation of another switching system.

[0097] Optionally, there is an interlock between the two switching systems.

[0098] That is, there is an interlocking mechanism between the two switching systems; specifically, the connectors of the two switching systems are connected, and the mutual interlocking signals are used to ensure that the operations between them do not conflict. The core function of this mechanism is that it can effectively prevent the two switching systems from working at the same time, thereby avoiding potential operational interference or system conflicts.

[0099] For example, when the first switching system is in working mode, the interlock signal sent is at a high level, and the second switching system is in standby mode. When the first switching system is in standby mode, the interlock signal sent is at a low level. Here, the second switching system can be in working mode, and of course it can also be in standby mode; in other words, at most one of the two switching systems is in working mode, and of course the two switching systems can be in standby mode at the same time. I will not go into details here, and it depends on the actual situation. They are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0100] Optional, such as Figure 3 As shown, the relay module includes: an operation relay, a status relay and a dual system relay.

[0101] The operation relay receives the operation control signal and the LED control signal from the connector, and receives the voltage drive signal output from the output end of the safety control circuit.

[0102] Specifically, the first input terminal of the operation relay receives the operation control signal; the second input terminal of the operation relay receives the main system light control signal; the third input terminal of the operation relay receives the standby system light control signal; and the fourth input terminal of the operation relay receives the voltage drive signal.

[0103] The first output terminal of the operating relay outputs a status signal to the connector.

[0104] Specifically, the state signal is a signal generated by the connection relationship between the first input terminal and the first output terminal of the running relay. For example, if the first input terminal and the first output terminal of the running relay are connected, the state signal is a high level, and if the first input terminal and the first output terminal of the running relay are disconnected, the state signal is a low level.

[0105] The second output terminal of the operation relay outputs the first operation drive signal to the status relay.

[0106] Specifically, the state signal is a signal generated by the connection relationship between the second input terminal and the second output terminal of the running relay. For example, if the second input terminal and the second output terminal of the running relay are connected, the first running drive signal is at a high level, and if the second input terminal and the second output terminal of the running relay are disconnected, the first running drive signal is at a low level.

[0107] The dual-system relay receives the interlock signal of another switching system through the connector; that is, whether each relay in the current switching system can enter the working state also needs to obtain the interlock signal of the other switching system. For example, if the interlock signal of the other switching system indicates that the other switching system is in the working state, then the current switching system needs to be in the standby state.

[0108] The dual system relay outputs a second operation drive signal to the status relay.

[0109] Specifically, when the dual-system relay obtains the interlock signal of the other switching system as a high level, the second operation drive signal output by the dual-system relay is a low level, and the state relay does not work. When the dual-system relay obtains the interlock signal of the other switching system as a low level, the second operation drive signal output by the dual-system relay is a high level, and the state relay can be in a working state.

[0110] The status relay outputs an interlock signal to another switching system via a connector.

[0111] That is, the first switching system and the second switching system exchange interlocking signals, thereby enabling each other to understand the state of the other and achieve state interlocking.

[0112] It should be noted that Figure 3 The various signals and their interfaces are shown for description:

[0113] Table 1: Board external interfaces

[0114]

[0115] The interface is located at the 96-pin connector on the back of the board. The specific location can be configured according to the specific project and is not within the protection scope. It should be noted that the main function of the connector is to forward signals, that is, to forward the CPU signal to the inside of the switching system. Therefore, the various signals in Table 1 are used as external signals here.

[0116] Table 2: Board internal interfaces

[0117]

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown, the specific structure of each relay and its connection relationship are described below:

[0119] (1) In the operation relay: one end of the coil receives the voltage drive signal of the safety control circuit, and the other end of the coil is grounded; its 63 pin is connected to the second output end of the drive circuit; its 64 pin outputs the main system light signal in the status signal; its 44 pin is connected to the third output end of the drive circuit, and its 43 pin outputs the standby system light signal in the status signal; its 22 pin receives the voltage signal of the first power supply; its 21 pin outputs the fault light signal in the status signal; its 33 pin is connected to the first output end of the drive circuit; and its 34 pin outputs the first operation drive signal.

[0120] That is to say, one end of the coil in the running relay is connected to the output end of the safety control circuit to receive the voltage drive signal, while the other end of the coil in the running relay is grounded to ensure the stability and safety of the circuit. Pin 63 of the running relay is connected to the second drive end in the drive circuit to transmit the second drive signal, that is, the drive signal corresponding to the main system light control signal; at the same time, pin 64 of the running relay is responsible for outputting the main system indicator light signal to provide an intuitive display of the system status.

[0121] Pin 44 of the running relay is connected to the third output terminal of the driving circuit for transmitting a third driving signal, ie, a driving signal corresponding to the standby system lamp control signal; pin 43 of the running relay outputs a standby system indicator light signal.

[0122] In terms of power access, the 22nd pin of the running relay receives the voltage signal from the first power supply to provide the necessary energy for the operation of the running relay. The 21st pin of the running relay is responsible for outputting the fault indicator light signal, which can issue a warning in time when the system is abnormal.

[0123] Pin 33 of the running relay is connected to the first output terminal of the driving circuit, playing a key driving role, and pin 34 of the running relay outputs the first running driving signal to drive the state relay to run.

[0124] The first power supply may be a 24 V power supply. Of course, other situations are not excluded, which will not be described in detail here.

[0125] It should be noted that, in the operating relay: between pins 63 and 64, between pins 43 and 44, and between pins 33 and 34 are all in the normally open state; between pins 22 and 21 is in the normally closed state.

[0126] When the coil in the running relay is not powered on, each pin in the running relay remains in a normally open or normally closed state; when the coil in the running relay is powered on, each pin in the running relay switches states, for example, the normally open pin switches to a closed state, and the normally closed pin switches to an open state. Specifically, after the coil is powered on, in the running relay: pins 63 and 64 are closed, pins 43 and 44 are closed, and pins 33 and 34 are closed; pins 22 and 21 are open.

[0127] (2) In the status relay: one end of its coil receives a first operation drive signal, and the other end of its coil receives a second operation drive signal; its 53rd pin is grounded; its 54th pin serves as a first output end of an interlock signal; its 33rd pin is connected to a first power supply; its 34th pin serves as a second output end of an interlock signal; and the interlock signal is used to be transmitted to another switching system.

[0128] Specifically, one end of the coil in the status relay receives the first operation drive signal, and the other end of the status relay coil receives the second operation drive signal. This design increases the flexibility of control. Pin 53 is designed as a ground terminal to ensure the safety of the circuit. Pin 54 serves as the first output terminal of the interlock signal and communicates with another switching system to ensure coordinated operation between the two systems. Pin 33 is connected to the first power supply to provide a stable energy supply for the relay. Pin 34 serves as the second output terminal of the interlock signal, and together with pin 54, it constitutes a complete interlock signal transmission channel. The interlock signal is transmitted to another switching system to achieve interlocking and switching between systems.

[0129] It should be noted that in the status relay: between pins 53 and 54, and between pins 43 and 44 are both in the normally open state.

[0130] When the coil in the status relay is not powered, each pin in the status relay remains normally open; when the coil in the status relay is powered, each pin in the status relay switches state, for example, the normally open pin switches to a closed state. Specifically, after the coil is powered, in the status relay: pins 53 and 54 are closed, and pins 43 and 44 are closed.

[0131] (3) In a dual-system relay: both ends of its coil receive an interlock signal from another switching system; its pin 21 outputs a second operation drive signal; and its pin 22 is grounded.

[0132] It should be noted that in the dual-system relay: the state between pins 21 and 22 is normally closed.

[0133] For dual-system relays, both ends of the coil in the dual-system relay receive interlocking signals from another switching system. This design ensures synchronization and coordination between the dual systems. Pin 21 of the dual-system relay is responsible for outputting the second operation drive signal to drive the status relay to operate. Pin 22 of the dual-system relay is designed as the ground terminal, which together with pin 21 forms a complete circuit loop. This configuration not only improves the reliability and stability of the system, but also realizes seamless switching and interlocking control between the dual systems.

[0134] The running relay is driven by the safety drive circuit. When the controller CPU is normal, it outputs a square wave signal with a frequency of 3kHz, the safety drive circuit outputs a voltage of 24V, the running relay remains attracted, the fault light output is disconnected, the main system light and the standby system light circuit are connected, and the controller CPU is allowed to control; when the controller CPU fails, the safety drive circuit outputs 0V, the running relay falls, the fault light output is connected, the main system light and the standby system light are disconnected, the fault light is always on, and the main system light and the standby system light are off.

[0135] The two driving signals of the status relay are driven by the normally open node of the running relay and the normally closed node of the dual-system relay.

[0136] The driving signal of the double-system relay is provided by the two normally open nodes of the status relay of the other system.

[0137] It should be noted that Figure 4 shows the connection relationship of each relay in a switching system; Figure 5 As shown in FIG. 1 , it shows the connection relationship between the relays of the two switching systems. Figure 6 As shown, it shows another schematic diagram of each relay in the 2 switching systems.

[0138] like Figure 4-Figure 6 As shown, the operation relay uses H-480-1201; the dual-system relay and status relay use SR6B4K24. GND is the ground signal; I_DQ_MAS is the second drive signal of the I system; I_LED_MAS is the main system light signal of the I system; I_QD_SLA is the standby system light signal of the I system; I_V24+ is the voltage signal of the first power supply of the I system; I_LED_ERR is the fault light signal of the I system; I_SafeOut+ is the voltage drive signal of the I system; I+QD_ZT is the first drive signal of the I system; I_ZT+ is the first operation drive signal of the I system; I_QD+ is the positive pole of the interlock signal of the I system; I_QD- is the negative pole of the interlock signal of the I system; I_ZT- is the second operation drive signal of the I system.

[0139] II_DQ_MAS is the second driving signal of II series; II_LED_MAS is the main system light signal of II series; II_QD_SLA is the standby system light signal of II series; II_V24+ is the voltage signal of the first power supply of II series; II_LED_ERR is the fault light signal of II series; II_SafeOut+ is the voltage driving signal of II series; II+QD_ZT is the first driving signal of II series; II_ZT+ is the first operation driving signal of II series; II_QD+ is the positive pole of the interlock signal of II series; II_QD- is the negative pole of the interlock signal of II series; II_ZT- is the second operation driving signal of II series.

[0140] The connection relationship between the two switching systems is Figure 4 The connection relationships shown are similar and will not be described here one by one. They can be determined according to the actual situation and are all within the protection scope of this application. It is worth noting that, except for the interlock signal, the two switching systems do not need to share a power supply or directly connect pins to make the two switching systems independent of each other.

[0141] The following is an explanation of the process of realizing dual-system active / standby switching through interlocking logic for the two switching systems, which have a total of six relays. The relay interlocking logic is as follows:

[0142] 1. When the two switching systems are powered on, the operation relays of the two systems will automatically energize. The first drive signal is obtained by the controller CPU controlling the output of the operation control signal. When the first operation drive signal output by the operation relay is 24V voltage and output to the A2 pin of the state relay (one end of the coil is the A2 pin, and the other end of the coil is the A1 pin), if the state relay and the double-series relay are both in the initial state, the 22 pin and the 21 pin of the double-series relay of the I system will form a normally closed loop, and the second operation drive signal is 0V. At this time, both the state relays of the I system and the II system may be energized.

[0143] If the status relay of series I is energized first, the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the status relay of series I output a 24V voltage, driving the dual-series relay of series II to energize, and disconnecting the connection between pins 22 and 21 of the dual-series relay of series II, causing the status relay of series II to remain unenergized. Conversely, if the status relay of series II is energized first, the status relay of series I will remain unenergized. The controller CPU determines which switching system is the main system and which is the backup system by detecting the normally open node of the status relay. The system whose status relay is energized is the main system, otherwise it is the backup system. Series I refers to the first switching system, and series II refers to the second switching system.

[0144] 2. During normal operation, assume that the status relay of system I is in the energized state and the status relay of system II is in the unenergized state. If a fault occurs in system I at this time, the controller will stop outputting the 3kHz square wave to system I, causing the operating relay of system I to fall, the first operating drive signal to be output without voltage, and the status relay of system I to fall accordingly. At this time, there is no voltage output at the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the status relay of system I, the double-system relay of system II falls, and the second operating drive signal output of system II is a ground signal, causing the status relay of system II to energize, and system II is upgraded to the main system.

[0145] 3. During normal operation, if the status relay of system I is in the energized state and the status relay of system II is in the unenergized state, and the board of system I is suddenly pulled out, there will be no input signal at both ends of the coil of the double-system relay of system II, and the double-system relay of system II will remain in the dropped state. The second operation drive signal output of system II is a ground signal, which makes the status relay of system II energized, and system II is upgraded to the main system.

[0146] 4. Similarly, during normal operation, if the board of Series II is pulled out, and the status relay of Series I is in the energized state, and the status relay of Series II is in the unenergized state, then since there is no input signal at both ends of the coil of the double-series relay of Series I, the double-series relay of Series II remains in the dropped state. However, at this time, the second operation drive signal outputs the ground signal, which has no effect on the status relay of Series I. Series I is still the main system, and the equipment continues to operate normally.

[0147] 5. Regardless of whether the I or II system is interchanged as the main system or the backup system, the same result can be obtained through similar logical deduction to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.

[0148] In this embodiment, a sophisticated interlocking logic mechanism is designed between the dual-system operation relay, the status relay, and the dual-system relay to ensure that at any given moment, only the status relay of one switching system is in the activated (i.e., attracted) state, thereby realizing the interlocking function at the hardware level. In order to realize the relay interlocking signal transmission between the two switching systems, the system cleverly uses the normally open node of the relay. The advantage of this design strategy is that even if a board fails or is unplugged, it can ensure that the status relay of the other system can maintain its normal activation state, thereby avoiding damage to the overall performance or failure of the system. In short, this interlocking mechanism not only enhances the reliability of the system, but also ensures that the system can continue to operate stably when some components fail.

[0149] Optional, such as Figure 7 As shown, the driving circuit includes: a first driving unit, a second driving unit and a third driving unit.

[0150] In the first driving unit: the light-emitting side end of the first isolation optical coupler U31 receives the operation control signal (taking the driving circuit of the I series as an example, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in I_QD_IO); the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through the first driving resistor R95; one end of the photosensitive side of the first isolation optocoupler U31 is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the first output end of the driving circuit to output the first driving signal (taking the driving circuit of the I series as an example, as shown in Figure 7 I_QD_ZT as shown).

[0151] That is to say, in the first driving unit, one end of the light-emitting side of the first isolation optocoupler U31 is responsible for receiving the operation control signal from the connector. The other end of its light-emitting side is connected to the ground through a first driving resistor R95 to form a current loop. One end of the photosensitive side of the first isolation optocoupler U31 is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply, and the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the output end of the driving unit, marked as the first output end of the driving circuit, for outputting the processed control signal. That is, when one end of the light-emitting side of the first isolation optocoupler U31 receives a valid operation control signal (such as a high-level signal), the two ends of the photosensitive side of the first isolation optocoupler U31 are connected, and the first isolation optocoupler U31 outputs a valid drive signal (such as a high-level signal).

[0152] In the second driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the second isolation optical coupler U32 receives the main system lamp control signal (taking the driving circuit of the I system as an example, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in I_QD_MAS_IO); the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through the second driving resistor R97; one end of the photosensitive side of the second isolation optocoupler U32 is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the second output end of the driving circuit to output the second driving signal (taking the driving circuit of the I series as an example, as shown in Figure 7 I_QD_MAS shown).

[0153] That is to say, in the second driving unit, one end of the light-emitting side of the second isolation optocoupler U32 is configured to receive the main system light control signal. Similar to the first driving unit, the other end of its light-emitting side is grounded through a specific second driving resistor R97. One end of the photosensitive side is also connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply, and the other end serves as the second output end of the driving circuit, which is specifically used to output the driving signal of the main system light. That is, when one end of the light-emitting side of the second isolation optocoupler U32 receives a valid main system light control signal (such as a high-level signal), the two ends of the photosensitive side of the second isolation optocoupler U32 are connected, and the second isolation optocoupler U32 outputs a valid driving signal (such as a high-level signal).

[0154] In the third driving unit: the light-emitting side end of the third isolation optical coupler U33 receives the standby lamp control signal (taking the driving circuit of the I series as an example, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in I_LED_SLA_IO); the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through the third driving resistor R98; one end of the photosensitive side of the third isolation optocoupler U33 is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the third output end of the driving circuit to output the third driving signal (taking the driving circuit of the I series as an example, as shown in Figure 7 I_LED_SLA as shown).

[0155] That is to say, in the third driving unit, the design follows the same pattern. One end of the light-emitting side of the third isolation optocoupler U33 is responsible for receiving the control signal of the standby lamp. The other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a specific third driving resistor R98. One end of the photosensitive side is connected to the positive electrode of the first power supply, and the other end serves as the third output end of the driving circuit, which is specifically used to output the driving signal of the standby lamp. That is, when one end of the light-emitting side of the third isolation optocoupler U33 receives a valid standby lamp control signal (such as a high-level signal), the two ends of the photosensitive side of the third isolation optocoupler U33 are connected, and the third isolation optocoupler U33 outputs a valid driving signal (such as a high-level signal).

[0156] It should be noted that the driving circuit is an optocoupler type driving circuit, wherein the input signal of each input terminal can be 3.3V, and the output signal of each output terminal can be 24V, that is, a high-level effective control logic is adopted.

[0157] In summary, each drive unit achieves signal isolation and transmission through the isolation optocoupler, and uses the drive resistor to limit the current, ensuring the safety and stability of the circuit. The output end of each unit is independent and dedicated to output the control signal of the corresponding device.

[0158] Optional, such as Figure 8 As shown, the safety control circuit includes: a PWM voltage regulation circuit and a window voltage comparator.

[0159] The first input end of the PWM voltage regulating circuit is connected to the first power supply; the second input end of the PWM voltage regulating circuit serves as the input end of the safety control circuit to receive the PWM signal of the connector; the output end of the PWM voltage regulating circuit is connected to the second input end of the window voltage comparator; the first input end of the window voltage comparator is connected to the second power supply; the third input end of the window voltage comparator is connected to the third power supply; the output end of the window voltage comparator serves as the output end of the safety control circuit and outputs a voltage driving signal.

[0160] That is to say, the safety control circuit is mainly composed of two core parts: PWM voltage regulation circuit and window voltage comparator, which work together to ensure the safe operation of the circuit.

[0161] The first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is directly connected to the first power supply, providing a stable energy source for the entire voltage regulation process. The second input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit serves as the external signal input interface of the safety control circuit to receive control signals from the outside. After complex internal circuit processing, the output end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit will generate a voltage signal after voltage regulation, which is then sent to the second input end of the window voltage comparator for further comparison and judgment.

[0162] The window voltage comparator is responsible for receiving the voltage signal output by the PWM voltage regulation circuit and comparing it with two preset voltage thresholds. The two thresholds are provided by the second input terminal (connected to the output of the PWM voltage regulation circuit) and the third input terminal (connected to the third power supply). The first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the second power supply to provide operating voltage for its internal circuit.

[0163] Specifically, in the PWM voltage regulation circuit, the power supply voltage is 24V; the CPU control signal of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is input by PWM_IN, the input signal is a 3K square wave with a duty cycle of 40%, and the output V_CP is a 9V level signal. The window voltage comparator input is V_CP, when the input voltage is in the range of 8-10V, the output SafeOut+ is 24V, and when the voltage is other than that, the output SafeOut+ is 0V.

[0164] It should be noted that the first power supply can be a 24V power supply; the second power supply can be a 10V power supply; and the third power supply can be an 8V power supply. The first power supply, the second power supply, and the third power supply are all positive power supplies. That is, the safety drive circuit has an input voltage of 24V, 10V, and 8V, an input signal of a square wave with a frequency of 3kHz, and an output of a 24V drive signal.

[0165] Optionally, the PWM voltage regulation circuit includes: a first diode D43, an inductor L3, a power converter U28, first to sixth capacitors C24 and first to fourth resistors.

[0166] The VIN pin of the power converter U28 is respectively connected to one end of the first capacitor C23, one end of the second capacitor C22 and one end of the third capacitor C21, and the connection point serves as the first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit and receives the V24+ signal of the first power supply; the VC pin of the power converter U28 is connected to the other end of the third capacitor C21; the SW pin of the power converter U28 is respectively connected to the cathode of the first diode D43 and one end of the inductor L3; the FB pin of the power converter U28 is respectively connected to one end of the second resistor R87, one end of the first resistor R86 and one end of the third resistor R88; the other end of the third resistor R88 is respectively connected to one end of the fourth resistor R89 ​​and the sixth resistor R89. The other end of the fourth resistor R89 ​​serves as the second input end of the PWM voltage regulating circuit and receives the PWM_IN signal of the connector; the other end of the inductor L3 is respectively connected to the other end of the first resistor R86, one end of the fourth capacitor C25 and one end of the fifth capacitor C26, and the connection points serve as the output end of the PWM voltage regulating circuit to output the V_CP signal; the other end of the first capacitor C23, the other end of the second capacitor C22, the other end of the fourth capacitor C25, the other end of the fifth capacitor C26, the other end of the sixth capacitor C24, the other end of the second resistor R87, the anode of the first diode D43 and the GND pin of the power converter U28 are all grounded GND.

[0167] That is to say, inside the PWM voltage regulation circuit, a series of precision electronic components can be seen, including the first diode D43, the inductor L3, the power converter U28, and a plurality of capacitors and resistors. The VIN pin of the power converter U28 is connected to one end of the first, second, and third capacitors C21, together forming the input part of the circuit. The VC pin is connected to the other end of the third capacitor C21 for stabilizing the voltage. The SW pin is connected to the output part through the first diode D43 and the inductor L3 to achieve voltage conversion and regulation. The FB pin is connected to a plurality of resistors to form a feedback network for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the output voltage.

[0168] Optionally, the window voltage comparator includes: a second diode V1, a third diode V2, a first operational amplifier U29, a second operational amplifier U30 and fifth to eighth resistors R93.

[0169] One end of the fifth resistor R90 serves as the first input end of the window voltage comparator to receive the voltage signal V10+ of the second power supply; one end of the sixth resistor R91 serves as the second input end of the window voltage comparator to receive the V_CP signal; one end of the seventh resistor R92 serves as the third input end of the window voltage comparator to receive the voltage signal V8+ of the third power supply; the other end of the fifth resistor R90 is connected to the negative phase input end of the first operational amplifier U29; the other end of the sixth resistor R91 is respectively connected to the positive phase input end of the first operational amplifier U29 and the negative phase input end of the second operational amplifier U30; the other end of the seventh resistor R92 is connected to the positive phase input end of the second operational amplifier U30; the output end of the first operational amplifier U29 is connected to the anode of the second diode V1; the output end of the second operational amplifier U30 is connected to the anode of the third diode V2; the cathode of the second diode V1 is respectively connected to the cathode of the third diode V2 and one end of the eighth resistor R93; the connection point serves as the output end of the window voltage comparator; the other end of the eighth resistor R93 is grounded GND.

[0170] The window voltage comparator also contains a number of sophisticated electronic components, such as the second diode V1, the third diode V2, two operational amplifiers and multiple resistors. These components together form a complex comparison circuit that can accurately determine whether the input voltage is within the preset voltage window. If the input voltage exceeds or falls below this window, the window voltage comparator will output a corresponding control signal through its output terminal to trigger subsequent safety protection measures.

[0171] Specifically, the output ends of the first operational amplifier U29 and the second operational amplifier U30 are connected to the anodes of the second diode V1 and the third diode V2, respectively. The cathodes of the two diodes are connected to one end of the eighth resistor R93 to form the output end of the comparator. When the input voltage exceeds the preset range, the operational amplifier changes its output state, thereby driving the diode to turn on or off, thereby changing the voltage level of the output end.

[0172] It should be noted that if Figure 8 As shown, the capacitances of capacitors C23, C22, C21, C25, and C26 are 100uf, 104uf, 104uf, 220uf, and 104uf respectively. The resistances of resistors R86, R87, R88, R89, R90, R91, R92, and R93 are 20k, 2.5k, 3.3k, 3.3k, 3.3k, 3.3k, and 3.3k respectively. The first diode D43 is B54C; the power converter uses XL4013; and both operational amplifiers use OP27.

[0173] In summary, the safety control circuit realizes accurate control and monitoring of the circuit voltage through the coordinated work of the PWM voltage regulation circuit and the window voltage comparator. Once the circuit voltage is abnormal, the comparator will immediately output a control signal to ensure the safe operation of the circuit.

[0174] In this embodiment, the two switching systems are separately set on different boards, and the circuits of the two switching systems are the same. Each switching system includes three relays. Through interlocking logic, it is ensured that the normal operation of another system is not affected during the maintenance of one system, thereby achieving the normal operation of the equipment during the DPU maintenance process and ensuring the continuity of data communication. The existing scheme driving signal is a high and low level signal. When the control CPU fails, the residual voltage causes the system switching delay or the system switching strategy to fail; the present invention uses a 3kHz square wave to drive the operating relay, and the level signal drives the status relay. After the equipment fails, the status relay in the current switching system can be safely dropped, the main system is cut out, and the status relay of another system is allowed to be sucked up.

[0175] It should be noted that some solutions lack safety design for relay drive nodes. When the control circuit is damaged, the voltage of the drive relay signal in the control circuit may cause the switching system to fail, thus affecting the normal output of the device. In severe cases, this may even lead to safety accidents.

[0176] In this embodiment, the design of the safety control circuit integrates two core components, the PWM voltage regulation circuit and the window voltage comparator. Its structure is simple and clear, does not contain any electromagnetic components, and therefore does not generate electromagnetic radiation, while also greatly reducing the risk of external electromagnetic interference. The input signal of the circuit is a stable 3kHz square wave. This design ensures that when the CPU fails, the circuit can automatically cut off the output, effectively preventing circuit malfunctions caused by CPU abnormalities. Furthermore, through a precise window voltage comparator, the safety control circuit can accurately judge the input voltage and output a stable 0V or 24V voltage signal accordingly. This feature not only makes the fluctuation range of the output voltage extremely small, but also greatly improves the stability and reliability of the circuit. Therefore, whether in normal operation or fault protection, the safety control circuit has demonstrated excellent performance.

[0177] The features recorded in the various embodiments in this specification can be replaced or combined with each other, and the same and similar parts between the various embodiments can refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the system or system embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can refer to the partial description of the method embodiment. The system and system embodiments described above are only schematic, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative work.

[0178] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0179] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A state switching device supporting hot plugging, characterized in that: include: Two switching systems; The switching system comprises: a connector, a safety control circuit, a drive circuit and a relay module; The two switching systems correspond to the two boards one by one; each switching system is arranged on its corresponding board; The relay module receives the LED control signal and the operation control signal of the connector through the drive circuit; The input end of the safety control circuit is connected to the output end of the connector; The output end of the safety control circuit is connected to the voltage driving end of the relay module; The relay module outputs a status signal to the connector.

2. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two switching systems are interlocked.

3. The state switching device supporting hot plugging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay module includes: an operation relay, a status relay and a dual system relay; The operation relay receives the operation control signal and the LED control signal of the connector, and receives the voltage drive signal output by the output end of the safety control circuit; The first output terminal of the operation relay outputs the status signal to the connector; The second output terminal of the operation relay outputs a first operation drive signal to the status relay; The dual-system relay receives an interlock signal of another switching system through the connector; The dual system relay outputs a second operation drive signal to the status relay; The status relay outputs an interlock signal to another switching system through the connector.

4. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the operating relay: one end of the coil receives the voltage drive signal of the safety control circuit, and the other end of the coil is grounded; Its 63 pin is connected to the second output terminal of the driving circuit; its 64 pin outputs the main system light signal in the status signal; its 44 pin is connected to the third output terminal of the driving circuit, its 43 pin outputs the standby system light signal in the status signal; its 22 pin receives the voltage signal of the first power supply; Its pin 21 outputs the fault light signal in the state signal; its pin 33 is connected to the first output end of the driving circuit; Its 34 pin outputs the first operation driving signal; In the state relay: one end of the coil receives the first operation drive signal, and the other end of the coil receives the second operation drive signal; Its 53 pin is grounded; its 54 pin serves as the first output terminal of the interlock signal; Its pin 33 is connected to the first power supply; Its pin 34 serves as a second output terminal of an interlock signal; the interlock signal is used to be transmitted to another switching system; In the dual-system relay: both ends of its coil receive an interlocking signal from another switching system; Its pin 21 outputs the second operation driving signal; its pin 22 is grounded.

5. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the operating relay, between pins 63 and 64, between pins 43 and 44, and between pins 33 and 34 are all in a normally open state; between pins 22 and 21 is in a normally closed state; In the state relay: between its 53rd pin and 54th pin, and between its 43rd pin and 44th pin are both in the normally open state; In the dual system relay: the state between pins 21 and 22 is normally closed.

6. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving circuit comprises: a first driving unit, a second driving unit and a third driving unit; In the first driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the first isolation optocoupler receives the operation control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a first driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the first isolation optocoupler is connected to a first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as a first output end of the driving circuit; In the second driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the second isolation optocoupler receives the main system light control signal in the LED control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a second driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the second isolation optocoupler is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the second output end of the driving circuit; In the third driving unit: one end of the light-emitting side of the third isolation optocoupler receives the standby light control signal in the LED control signal; the other end of the light-emitting side is grounded through a third driving resistor; one end of the photosensitive side of the third isolation optocoupler is connected to the first power supply; the other end of the photosensitive side serves as the third output end of the driving circuit.

7. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety control circuit includes: a PWM voltage regulation circuit and a window voltage comparator; The first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is connected to a first power supply; The second input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit serves as the input end of the safety control circuit; The output end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit is connected to the second input end of the window voltage comparator; The first input terminal of the window voltage comparator is connected to a second power supply; The third input terminal of the window voltage comparator is connected to a third power supply; The output end of the window voltage comparator serves as the output end of the safety control circuit.

8. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The PWM voltage regulation circuit comprises: a first diode, an inductor, a power converter, first to sixth capacitors and first to fourth resistors; The VIN pin of the power converter is respectively connected to one end of the first capacitor, one end of the second capacitor and one end of the third capacitor, and the connection point serves as the first input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit; The VC pin of the power converter is connected to the other end of the third capacitor; The SW pin of the power converter is connected to the cathode of the first diode and one end of the inductor respectively; The FB pin of the power converter is respectively connected to one end of the second resistor, one end of the first resistor and one end of the third resistor; The other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor and one end of the sixth capacitor respectively; The other end of the fourth resistor serves as the second input end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit; The other end of the inductor is respectively connected to the other end of the first resistor, one end of the fourth capacitor and one end of the fifth capacitor, and the connection point serves as the output end of the PWM voltage regulation circuit; The other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor, the other end of the fourth capacitor, the other end of the fifth capacitor, the other end of the sixth capacitor, the other end of the second resistor, the anode of the first diode and the GND pin of the power converter are all grounded.

9. The state switching device supporting hot plugging according to claim 7, characterized in that: The window voltage comparator comprises: a second diode, a third diode, a first operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier and fifth to eighth resistors; One end of the fifth resistor serves as the first input end of the window voltage comparator; One end of the sixth resistor serves as the second input end of the window voltage comparator; One end of the seventh resistor serves as the third input end of the window voltage comparator; The other end of the fifth resistor is connected to the negative phase input terminal of the first operational amplifier; The other end of the sixth resistor is connected to the positive phase input terminal of the first operational amplifier and the negative phase input terminal of the second operational amplifier respectively; The other end of the seventh resistor is connected to the non-inverting input end of the second operational amplifier; The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the anode of the second diode; The output terminal of the second operational amplifier is connected to the anode of the third diode; The cathode of the second diode is connected to the cathode of the third diode and one end of the eighth resistor respectively; the connection point serves as the output end of the window voltage comparator; The other end of the eighth resistor is grounded.

10. The hot-swap state switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector is a 96-pin connector.

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