Membrane electrode frame and preparation method thereof, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell

Abstract

The invention provides a membrane electrode frame which comprises a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket, the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence, the thickness of the first frame and the thickness of the second frame are 12-50 microns, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by a bipolar plate single cell gap. The metal gasket is embedded between the first frame and the second frame of the gas diffusion area of the membrane electrode to serve as an anti-deformation enhancement layer of the frames, so that the deformation of the plate frame of the membrane electrode is effectively avoided; besides, the first frame and the second frame with the thickness of 12-50 microns are selected, and the first frame and the second frame are thin, so that the deformation of the frames is reduced, and the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame is further avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a membrane electrode frame and a preparation method thereof, a membrane electrode assembly and a fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is usually composed of several single cells assembled in series, where each single cell consists of a membrane electrode located in the middle and cathode and anode plates on both sides of the membrane electrode.

[0003] When the fuel cell is working, the gas diffusion zone of the membrane electrode is in a state of high temperature and high pressure. Under the action of the high-pressure flowing gas, the membrane electrode frame is easily deformed. The deformed membrane electrode frame will invade the bipolar plate and cause the bipolar plate flow channel to be blocked, thereby reducing the efficiency of gas entering the reaction zone, and further reducing the power and stability of the fuel cell.

[0004] Therefore, how to avoid deformation of the membrane electrode frame during the operation of the fuel cell is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the first aspect of the present application proposes a membrane electrode frame, including a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

[0006] In a possible embodiment, the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected by thermosetting adhesive; the glue layers of the first frame and the second frame are coated with thermosetting adhesive, and the surfaces where the glue layers are located are the surfaces where the first frame and the second frame are respectively connected to the metal gasket.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 25 um.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the thickness of the glue layer is 10um-20um.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, the metal gasket is made of a metal material whose stability meets preset conditions.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the metal gasket is made of stainless steel.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, the edge burr of the metal gasket is less than 10 um.

[0012] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a membrane electrode frame, the method comprising: After unwinding the first frame, positioning the metal gasket on the first frame; After heating and activating the thermosetting adhesive on the adhesive layer of the first frame, the metal gasket is fixed to the first frame; The glue layer of the second frame faces the metal gasket and is pasted to the first frame by a hot pressing roller; The first frame and the second frame are cut to obtain a membrane electrode frame; wherein the membrane electrode frame includes a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

[0013] The third aspect of the present application proposes a membrane electrode assembly, characterized in that it includes at least a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates, and the first frame, the second frame and the metal gasket are the membrane electrode frames described in the first aspect.

[0014] The fourth aspect of the present application proposes a fuel cell, characterized in that it includes a plurality of stacked fuel cell cells, the fuel cell cells include an anode plate, a cathode plate and a membrane electrode assembly as described in the third aspect, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly.

[0015] The embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: The membrane electrode frame provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket. The metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame. The first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence. The thickness of the first frame and the second frame is 12um~50um. The thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates. This solution effectively avoids the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame by embedding a metal gasket between the first frame and the second frame of the membrane electrode gas diffusion zone as a reinforcement layer for the frame to resist deformation; in addition, since the thicker the frame is, the greater the deformation is under the same deformation rate, the first frame and the second frame are selected to have a thickness of 12um~50um, and the thickness of the first frame and the second frame is thin, which reduces the deformation of the frame itself and further avoids the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame; and by setting the thickness of the metal gasket to be the same as the size of the gap between the bipolar plates, the bipolar plates can be used to apply a certain amount of overpressure to the metal gasket, so that the metal gasket can be fixed, thereby ensuring the stability of the membrane electrode frame; in addition, the thickness of the glue layer can be set to be greater than the thickness of the edge burrs of the metal gasket when bonding the frame, so that the edge of the metal gasket can be prevented from damaging the PEN frame; at the same time, the edge of the metal gasket can be polished and deburred after cutting, further avoiding the edge of the metal gasket from damaging the PEN frame, thereby ensuring the reliability of the PEN frame. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the membrane electrode frame in the prior art; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a membrane electrode frame provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a bipolar plate single cell gap provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A method for preparing a membrane electrode frame provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the effects without and with a metal gasket provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] The terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which this application belongs. The singular forms of "a", "said" and "the" used in this application specification and the attached claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it is necessary to understand that the orientation or position relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the embodiments of the present application.

[0019] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0020] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0022] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed on" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a centered element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a centered element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used in the embodiments of the present application are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.

[0023] In the related art, when the fuel cell is working, the gas diffusion zone of the membrane electrode is in a high temperature and high pressure state. Under the action of the high pressure flowing gas, the membrane electrode frame is easily deformed. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of deformation of membrane electrode frame in the prior art, membrane electrode frame 1 is also called membrane electrode PEN frame, that is, the material of the frame is polyethylene naphthalate diformic acid glycol ester (PEN for short), the deformed membrane electrode frame 1 will invade the bipolar plate and cause the bipolar plate flow channel 2 to be blocked, thereby reducing the efficiency of gas entering the reaction zone, and further reducing the power and stability of the fuel cell.

[0024] Based on this, the present application provides a membrane electrode frame, including a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket, the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plate cells. By embedding a metal gasket between the first frame and the second frame of the membrane electrode gas diffusion zone as a reinforcement layer for the frame to resist deformation, the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame is effectively avoided; in addition, since the thicker the frame is, the greater the deformation is under the same deformation rate, by selecting the first frame and the second frame with a thickness of 12um~50um, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame is thinner, which also reduces the deformation of the frame itself and further avoids the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame.

[0025] The present application embodiment provides a membrane electrode frame. Figure 2-3 The membrane electrode frame of the embodiment of the present application is exemplarily described.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a membrane electrode frame provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 2 As shown, the membrane electrode frame includes a first frame 3, a second frame 4 and a metal gasket 5. The metal gasket 5 is arranged between the first frame 3 and the second frame 4, and the first frame 3, the metal gasket 5 and the second frame 4 are fixedly connected in sequence. The thickness of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket 5 is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

[0027] The first frame 3 may be a PEN frame directly in contact with the bipolar plate, that is, Figure 2 The second frame 4 may be a PEN frame that is not in direct contact with the bipolar plate, that is, Figure 2 The PEN frame is located on the upper layer.

[0028] The metal gasket 5 is arranged between the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 , and the sizes of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 in the finally obtained membrane electrode frame are the same as the size of the metal gasket.

[0029] The first frame 3, the metal gasket 4 and the second frame 4 are fixedly connected in sequence, and the specific method of the fixed connection is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In some optional embodiments, the first frame 3, the metal gasket 5 and the second frame 4 can be fixedly connected by thermosetting adhesive. Optionally, the glue layers of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 are coated with thermosetting adhesive, and the surfaces where the glue layers are located are the surfaces where the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 are connected to the metal gasket 5 respectively.

[0030] The glue layers of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 are coated with thermosetting adhesive for frame bonding, so that the first frame 3, the metal gasket 5 and the second frame 4 can be fixedly connected by the thermosetting adhesive.

[0031] In some optional embodiments, to prevent the edge of the metal gasket 5 from damaging the PEN frame, the thickness of the glue layer can be greater than the thickness of the edge burrs of the metal gasket 5. Optionally, the thickness of the glue layer is 10um to 20um. Exemplarily, the thickness of the glue layer can be 15um. In actual use, a certain range of thickness error can be allowed.

[0032] In some optional embodiments, in order to reduce the deformation of the PEN frame itself, a thinner PEN frame can be selected, and the thickness of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 are both 12um~50um. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first frame 3 and the second frame 4 can be set to 25um.

[0033] In some optional embodiments, the metal gasket 5 can be cut into a desired shape by laser, and the edge burr of the metal gasket 5 can be controlled to be less than a preset value. For example, the edge burr of the metal gasket 5 can be controlled to be less than 10um. In addition, the edge of the metal gasket 5 can be polished and deburred after cutting. The specific polishing and deburring process can refer to the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0034] In some optional embodiments, the metal gasket 5 is made of a metal material whose stability meets a preset condition. The preset condition may be the top N metal materials with high stability among all metals, and the value of N may be set by a user. Optionally, the metal gasket 5 is made of a stainless steel material.

[0035] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the metal gasket 5 is determined by the bipolar plate single cell gap, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a bipolar plate cell gap provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the bipolar plate cell gap C is located between the cathode plate A and the anode plate B. It should be noted that the cathode plate A and the anode plate B here belong to two different adjacent bipolar plates. Optionally, the thickness of the metal gasket 5 can be the same as the size of the bipolar plate cell gap C, such as Figure 3 As shown, the size of the bipolar plate single cell gap C can be the width in the vertical direction. After multiple fuel cell cells are stacked, the bipolar plates of each fuel cell cell have a certain overpressure on the metal gasket to fix the metal gasket, thereby ensuring the stability of the membrane electrode frame.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application provides a membrane electrode frame, including a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket, the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates. By embedding a metal gasket between the first frame and the second frame of the membrane electrode gas diffusion region as a reinforcement layer for the frame to resist deformation, the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame is effectively avoided; in addition, by selecting the first frame and the second frame with a thickness of 12um~50um, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame is thin, which also reduces the deformation of the frame itself and further avoids the deformation of the membrane electrode plate frame.

[0037] The present application also provides a method for preparing a membrane electrode frame, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 A method for preparing a membrane electrode frame provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises: Step 402: After unwinding the first frame, position the metal gasket on the first frame.

[0038] Step 404: After heating and activating the thermosetting adhesive on the glue layer of the first frame, fix the metal gasket on the first frame.

[0039] Step 406: Place the glue layer of the second frame facing the metal gasket, and align it with the first frame using a hot pressing roller.

[0040] Step 408: cutting the first frame and the second frame to obtain a membrane electrode frame.

[0041] After the first frame is unwound, the laser-cut metal gasket can be placed on the glue layer of the first frame by means of manual vision or automatic positioning by mechanical equipment, and then the metal gasket is fixed to the first frame after the thermosetting glue on the glue layer of the first frame is activated by heating. The purpose of heating and activating the thermosetting glue on the glue layer of the first frame is to pre-fix the metal gasket to prevent the metal gasket from being offset before the final hot pressing roller treatment.

[0042] Next, the glue layer of the second frame can be faced to the metal gasket and attached to the first frame by a hot pressing roller. Finally, the first frame and the second frame can be cut with the metal gasket as the positioning reference after the attached frames. That is, the metal gasket has been pre-cut according to the needs before bonding, and only the outer contour of the first frame and the second frame, the air vent and the active area frame opening and other required parts need to be cut by laser to finally obtain the membrane electrode frame.

[0043] In some optional embodiments, the membrane electrode frame includes a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

[0044] The first frame may be a PEN frame directly in contact with the bipolar plate, that is, Figure 2 The second frame is the PEN frame that is not in direct contact with the bipolar plate, that is, Figure 2 The PEN frame is located on the upper layer.

[0045] The metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence. The specific method of the fixed connection is not limited in the embodiment of the present application. In some optional embodiments, the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected by thermosetting adhesive. The glue layers of the first frame and the second frame are coated with thermosetting adhesive, and the surfaces where the glue layers are located are the surfaces where the first frame and the second frame are respectively connected to the metal gasket.

[0046] The glue layers of the first frame and the second frame are coated with thermosetting adhesive for bonding the frames, so that the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame can be fixedly connected by the thermosetting adhesive.

[0047] In some optional embodiments, to prevent the edge of the metal gasket from damaging the PEN frame, the thickness of the glue layer is 10um to 20um. For example, the thickness of the glue layer can be 15um. In actual use, a certain range of thickness error can be allowed.

[0048] In some optional embodiments, in order to reduce the deformation of the PEN frame itself, a thinner PEN frame can be selected, and the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um to 50um. Exemplarily, the thickness of the first frame and the second frame can be set to 25um.

[0049] In some optional embodiments, the metal gasket can be laser cut into a desired shape, and the edge burr of the metal gasket can be controlled to be less than a preset value. For example, the edge burr of the metal gasket can be controlled to be less than 10um. In addition, the edge of the metal sheet can be polished and deburred after cutting. The specific polishing and deburring process can refer to the prior art and will not be repeated here.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, the metal gasket is made of a metal material whose stability meets a preset condition. The preset condition may be the top N metal materials with high stability among all metals, and the value of N may be set by a user. Optionally, the metal gasket is made of a stainless steel material.

[0051] In some optional embodiments, the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the bipolar plate single cell gap, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a bipolar plate single cell gap provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the bipolar plate single cell gap is located between the cathode plate and the anode plate.

[0052] The present application also provides a membrane electrode assembly, which includes at least a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates, and the first frame, the second frame and the metal gasket are the parts of the membrane electrode frame in the above embodiment. Among them, the membrane electrode assembly can also include other structures such as a proton exchange membrane and a catalyst layer. The specific implementation method of the membrane electrode assembly can refer to the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0053] The present application also provides a fuel cell, comprising a plurality of stacked fuel cell cells, wherein the fuel cell cells comprise an anode plate, a cathode plate and a membrane electrode assembly, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate are arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly. The specific implementation of the fuel cell can refer to the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0054] The present application also provides a schematic diagram of the effect before and after adding a metal gasket, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the effects without and with a metal gasket provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] The horizontal axis is the current density (CD), in A / cm 2 Its physical meaning is the ratio of the current applied to the current sample to the surface area of ​​the sample. Because the amount of gas supplied by the fuel cell is different at different current densities, the current density is used as the horizontal axis for comparison. The vertical axis dp is the flow resistance, that is, the pressure drop, in KPa, which represents the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the corresponding pipeline.

[0056] It is generally believed that at the same current density, the lower the flow resistance of the pipeline, the better. For example, at the same current density of 2A / cm 2 In this case, the cathode flow resistance after adding the metal gasket is 35KPa, and the cathode flow resistance without the metal gasket is 47.5KPa. The cathode flow resistance after adding the metal gasket is significantly lower than the cathode flow resistance without the metal gasket.

[0057] It is easy to understand that those skilled in the art can combine, split, reorganize, etc. the embodiments of the present application to obtain other embodiments based on the several embodiments provided in the present application, and these embodiments do not exceed the protection scope of the present application.

[0058] The above specific implementation methods further explain in detail the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made on the basis of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A membrane electrode frame, characterized in that: It includes a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

2. The membrane electrode frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected by thermosetting adhesive; the glue layers of the first frame and the second frame are coated with thermosetting adhesive, and the surfaces where the glue layers are located are the surfaces where the first frame and the second frame are respectively connected to the metal gasket.

3. The membrane electrode frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 25 um.

4. The membrane electrode frame according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the glue layer is 10um~20um.

5. The membrane electrode frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The metal gasket is made of a metal material whose stability meets preset conditions.

6. The membrane electrode frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The metal gasket is made of stainless steel.

7. The membrane electrode frame according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The edge burr of the metal gasket is less than 10um.

8. A method for preparing a membrane electrode frame, characterized in that: The method comprises: After unwinding the first frame, positioning the metal gasket on the first frame; After heating and activating the thermosetting adhesive on the glue layer of the first frame, fixing the metal gasket on the first frame; The glue layer of the second frame faces the metal gasket and is pasted to the first frame by a hot pressing roller; The first frame and the second frame are cut to obtain a membrane electrode frame; wherein the membrane electrode frame includes the first frame, the second frame and the metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, and the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates.

9. A membrane electrode assembly, characterized in that: It at least includes a first frame, a second frame and a metal gasket; the metal gasket is arranged between the first frame and the second frame, and the first frame, the metal gasket and the second frame are fixedly connected in sequence; the thickness of the first frame and the second frame are both 12um~50um, the thickness of the metal gasket is determined by the gap between the bipolar plates, and the first frame, the second frame and the metal gasket are the membrane electrode frames described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of stacked fuel cell cells, wherein the fuel cell cells comprise an anode plate, a cathode plate and a membrane electrode assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate are arranged on both sides of the membrane electrode assembly.

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