Phase shifter, base station antenna and base station based on double-branch structure

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and discloses a phase shifter, a base station antenna and a base station based on a double-branch structure, comprising: an input port, a substrate, two transition modules, a feeding module and an output port; wherein the two transition modules are arranged on both sides above the substrate and are respectively connected to the input port and the output port, and the transition module is used to convert the transmission form of the signal; the feeding module is arranged between the two transition modules, and comprises a plurality of double-branch structures, and the connection mode of the plurality of double-branch structures is controlled according to a phase control matrix to realize the phase change control of the signal; the present invention reduces the loss in the signal transmission process and improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the signal transmission process by converting the form of the signal in the transmission process; the feeding module accurately adjusts the signal phase according to the preset phase control matrix, realizes the phase adjustment at a large angle, meets the requirements of different phase shift amounts, and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular to a phase shifter, a base station antenna and a base station based on a double-branch structure. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of microwave integrated technology, phase shifters based on transmission structures such as microstrip lines and coplanar waveguides have gradually emerged. These designs use parameters such as the length and width of the transmission line and the dielectric constant of the dielectric material to adjust the signal phase. However, these designs still face some challenges, such as limited phase adjustment range, uneven frequency response, and large insertion loss.

[0003] For example, a Chinese patent with authorization announcement number CN114649656B discloses a dual-passband filtering phase shifter, including a main path structure and a reference path structure; the reference path structure includes a metal ground plate, a dielectric substrate and a reference path, the reference path includes four terminal short-circuited coupling lines connected in sequence and three open branches respectively located at the connection points of adjacent coupling lines, and are symmetrical about the plane of the middle open branch; the main path structure includes a metal ground plate, a dielectric substrate and a main path, the main path includes the same structure as the reference path and a Schiffman phase shift unit cascaded to one end of the structure.

[0004] The above patents all have the problems raised by this background technology: the phase adjustment range of the existing phase shifter is limited, and it is difficult to achieve large-angle phase adjustment. The insertion loss during the operation of the phase shifter is large, which causes a large loss of the signal during the transmission process, resulting in reduced accuracy of phase control. To solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a phase shifter, base station antenna and base station based on a double-branch structure. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a phase shifter, base station antenna and base station based on a double-branch structure, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology. The specific technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] A phase shifter based on a double-branch structure, comprising:

[0007] An input port, a base plate, two transition modules, a feed module and an output port; wherein:

[0008] The two transition modules are arranged on both sides above the substrate and are connected to the input port and the output port respectively, and the transition modules are used to convert the transmission form of the signal;

[0009] The feeding module is arranged between two transition modules and includes a plurality of double-branch structures. The connection mode of the plurality of double-branch structures is controlled according to a phase control matrix to realize phase change control of the signal.

[0010] Specifically, the transition module includes:

[0011] Probes and high resistance wire;

[0012] The probe is connected to the input port to convert the signal between the electromagnetic wave signal form and the electrical signal form;

[0013] The high resistance line is arranged on the probe to match the impedance.

[0014] Specifically, the feeding module includes:

[0015] A main transmission line, a voltage control unit and a plurality of microstructure units;

[0016] The main transmission line is arranged between the two transition modules and is used to transmit signals;

[0017] The plurality of microstructure units are uniformly arranged on the main transmission line;

[0018] The voltage control unit is arranged at one side of the main transmission line and is electrically connected to the plurality of microstructure units. The voltage control unit provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each microstructure unit, thereby realizing the regulation of the input signal phase.

[0019] Specifically, the voltage control unit is configured at one side of the main transmission line and is electrically connected to the plurality of microstructure units, and provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each microstructure unit to achieve the regulation of the input signal phase, including:

[0020] Calculating the required electrical length of the microstructure unit according to the preset input signal phase shift amount;

[0021] Setting the on / off state of each microstructure unit according to the required electrical length of the microstructure unit;

[0022] Obtaining a phase control matrix according to the on-off state of each of the microstructure units;

[0023] The voltage control unit controls the on and off of each of the microstructure units according to the phase control matrix.

[0024] Specifically, the microstructure unit includes:

[0025] Double branch structure, switch and grounding part;

[0026] The double-branch structure consists of two symmetrically distributed branches;

[0027] The switch is used to connect the upper branch of each branch of the double-branch structure;

[0028] The grounding part is arranged at the lower end of the double-branch structure to match the impedance.

[0029] Specifically, the end of the double-branch structure is a double-sided fin line structure.

[0030] Specifically, the end of the double-branch structure is a zigzag line structure.

[0031] Specifically, the grounding part is a ring structure.

[0032] A base station antenna comprises at least one phase shifter based on a double-branch structure.

[0033] A base station comprises the base station antenna.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] The present invention realizes form conversion in the process of signal transmission through a transition module, reduces the loss in the process of signal transmission, facilitates subsequent processing, and thus improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the signal transmission process; the feeding module accurately adjusts the signal phase according to a preset phase control matrix, realizes large-angle phase adjustment, and meets the needs of different phase shift amounts; the phase-adjusted signal is output through an output port; the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, precise phase control, efficient signal transmission, etc., and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios, especially in high-frequency communication and radar systems that require flexible adjustment of signal phase. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A hardware architecture diagram of a phase shifter based on a double-branch structure according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a hardware architecture diagram of the transition module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a hardware architecture diagram of the feeding module in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a hardware architecture diagram of the microstructure unit in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure numerals: 1. substrate; 2. input port; 3. transition module; 4. feeding module; 5. output port; 6. probe; 7. high-resistance line; 8. main transmission line; 9. voltage control unit; 10. microstructure unit; 11. switch; 12. double-branch structure; 13. grounding part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0043] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a phase shifter based on a double-branch structure, such as Figure 1 As shown, the phase shifter based on the double-branch structure includes:

[0046] Input port 2, substrate 1, transition module 3, feed module 4 and output port 5;

[0047] The input port 2 is used to receive an input signal;

[0048] The transition module 3 and the feeding module 4 are arranged on one side surface of the substrate 1;

[0049] The transition module 3 is used to convert the transmission form of the input signal;

[0050] The feeding module 4 controls the phase change of the input signal according to the phase control matrix;

[0051] The output port 5 is used to output the signal after the phase change, so as to realize the control of the phase shift amount at different angles.

[0052] In this embodiment, a phase shifter based on a double-branch structure is composed of an input port 2, a substrate 1, a transition module 3, a feeding module 4 and an output port 5. The input port 2 receives an input signal and is used to connect a signal source to introduce an external signal into the phase shifter. The transition module 3 and the feeding module 4 are arranged on one side surface of the substrate 1. The substrate 1 serves as a supporting structure for the entire phase shifter and provides a fixed physical foundation. The choice of substrate material will also affect the performance of high-frequency signals. Since the relative dielectric constant of quartz material is moderate, it can provide relatively stable electrical characteristics. The substrate 1 in this embodiment uses a quartz substrate with a thickness of 50um to improve the accuracy of phase control and signal transmission.

[0053] Specifically, the transition module 3 is arranged at both ends of the phase shifter, and is connected to the input port 2 and the output port 5 respectively. The transition module 3 connected to the input port 2 couples the input signal in the form of a transverse electromagnetic wave to the microstrip line, and converts the transverse electromagnetic wave signal in the waveguide into an electrical signal in the microstrip line. After the signal conversion, the information of the terahertz electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the microstrip line in the form of an electrical signal, and further signal processing can be performed. The transition module 3 connected to the output port 5 converts the electrical signal after phase control processing into a transverse electromagnetic wave signal output in the waveguide. Through the conversion of the signal form, the effectiveness and efficiency of the signal transmission process can be improved. The feeding module 4 is mainly responsible for adjusting the phase of the input signal according to the phase control matrix, and accurately adjusting the signal phase through efficient phase control to achieve large-angle phase adjustment. Different phase control matrices are set according to different phase shift requirements, so as to achieve flexible changes in angle distribution, which is suitable for a variety of application scenarios; the output port 5 outputs the signal after phase adjustment.

[0054] The present invention realizes the form conversion in the signal transmission process through the transition module 3, reduces the loss in the signal transmission process, facilitates subsequent processing, and thus improves the effectiveness and efficiency of the signal transmission process; the feeding module 4 accurately adjusts the signal phase according to the preset phase control matrix, realizes large-angle phase adjustment, and meets the needs of different phase shift amounts; the phase-adjusted signal is output through the output port 5; the present invention has the advantages of compact structure, precise phase control, efficient signal transmission, etc., and is suitable for a variety of application scenarios, especially in high-frequency communication and radar systems that require flexible adjustment of signal phase.

[0055] Furthermore, the transition module 3 includes:

[0056] Probe 6 and high resistance line 7;

[0057] The probe 6 converts the input signal between the electromagnetic wave signal form and the electrical signal form;

[0058] The high resistance line 7 matches the impedance.

[0059] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 The transition module 3 is composed of a probe 6 and a high-resistance line 7. The probe 6 converts the input signal between the electromagnetic wave signal form and the electrical signal form. The probe 6 is usually constructed of a microwave needle or a needle antenna. When the input signal reaches the probe 6, the probe 6 will sense the electromagnetic field and convert it into an electrical signal, or vice versa, convert the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave signal. By converting the signal form, the effectiveness and efficiency of the signal processing process are ensured. The shape and size of the probe 6 can be designed according to actual application requirements. For example, an E-plane probe is used in this embodiment. The distance between one end of the E-plane probe and the rectangular waveguide is a quarter wavelength or an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength, which helps to maximize the signal transmission efficiency and maintain the integrity and accuracy of the signal.

[0060] Specifically, the high-resistance line 7 is used to achieve impedance matching. By selecting suitable conductor materials and geometric shapes to ensure impedance matching between the cathode and the external load, when the signal passes through the high-resistance line 7, the propagation characteristics of the signal can be adjusted to minimize reflection losses and ensure that the signal can be effectively transmitted to downstream components. Good impedance matching can effectively reduce signal reflection and energy loss, improve signal quality and stability, and by using the high-resistance line 7 to achieve impedance matching, the design of the entire circuit can be simplified, reducing the complexity and cost of the design.

[0061] Furthermore, the feeding module 4 comprises:

[0062] A main transmission line 8, a voltage control unit 9 and a plurality of microstructure units 10;

[0063] The main transmission line 8 is used to transmit input signals;

[0064] The voltage control unit 9 provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each of the microstructure units 10, thereby achieving regulation of the phase of the input signal.

[0065] In this embodiment, Figure 3The feeding module 4 is composed of a main transmission line 8, a voltage control unit 9 and a plurality of microstructure units 10. The main transmission line 8 is used to transmit the input signal from the transition module 3 to the microstructure unit 10. The main transmission line 8 is generally made of a highly conductive material (such as copper or aluminum) to reduce the loss during signal transmission. Different materials can be selected according to actual application requirements. The structural design of the main transmission line 8 can reduce electromagnetic interference and ensure the signal integrity and stability of the system; the voltage control unit 9 adjusts the bias voltage applied to each microstructure unit 10 according to the phase control matrix to control the on and off state of each microstructure unit 10. The combination of different microstructure units 10 can achieve different phase differences, thereby realizing the control of the signal phase. By changing the bias voltage applied to the microstructure unit 10, the voltage control unit 9 can achieve precise control of the input signal phase, thereby meeting different application requirements, adjusting the voltage according to real-time signal feedback, and improving the intelligence level of the system.

[0066] Specifically, multiple microstructure units 10 can work independently in parallel to achieve phase adjustment of multiple different signal paths. By controlling the conduction state of the microstructure unit 10, a larger phase change range can be achieved, and high-precision phase control can be achieved, thereby improving the overall performance and processing capability of the phase shifter, and being able to adapt to different performance requirements and application scenarios; the feeding module 4 realizes efficient transmission and precise phase control of the input signal through the cooperation of the main transmission line 8, the voltage control unit 9 and multiple microstructure units 10, improves the flexibility and integrity of the phase shifter in signal processing and the intelligence of phase control, so that the phase shifter can be applied to more application scenarios, and achieves efficient and precise operation in many applications such as wireless communications, radar, and signal processing.

[0067] Furthermore, the voltage control unit 9 provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each of the microstructure units 10 to achieve the regulation of the input signal phase, including:

[0068] Calculating the required electrical length of the microstructure unit 10 according to the preset input signal phase shift amount;

[0069] Setting the on / off state of each microstructure unit 10 according to the required electrical length of the microstructure unit 10;

[0070] Obtaining a phase control matrix according to the on-off state of each of the microstructure units 10;

[0071] The voltage control unit 9 controls the on and off of each of the microstructure units 10 according to the phase control matrix.

[0072] In this embodiment, according to the preset input signal phase shift amount, that is, the phase control amount required for the signal, the electrical length of the corresponding microstructure unit 10 can be calculated. The electrical length is the ratio of the physical length to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length of each microstructure unit 10 determines its contribution to the input signal phase. Therefore, in order to obtain the required phase shift amount, it is necessary to calculate the electrical length that each microstructure unit 10 should have. According to the relationship between the phase change amount and the electrical length, the required electrical length can be calculated. The formula is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] In the formula, is the required phase shift, is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, is the required electrical length. For example, if the required phase shift is 30 degrees and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is 0.1 meter, we can calculate By accurately calculating the electrical length, it can be ensured that the phase contribution of each microstructure unit 10 to the input signal meets expectations, thereby achieving precise phase control.

[0075] Specifically, the on-off state of each microstructure unit 10 determines whether it contributes to the phase of the input signal. By adjusting the on-off state of each microstructure unit 10, the combination mode between each microstructure unit 10 can be changed, thereby changing the phase distribution of the signal, thereby achieving the required phase shift. According to the calculated electrical length of the microstructure unit 10, the physical length of each microstructure unit 10 can be obtained. The on-off state can be controlled according to the physical length required by each microstructure unit 10. By flexibly adjusting the on-off state of the microstructure unit 10, the phase of the input signal can be accurately controlled while reducing system power consumption and complexity.

[0076] By determining the on-off state of each microstructure unit 10, a phase control matrix can be constructed. The phase control matrix is ​​a two-dimensional array, in which each element represents the on-off state (or phase control value) of a microstructure unit 10. By traversing the on-off states of all microstructure units 10, a complete phase control matrix can be constructed to guide the voltage control unit 9 to control the microstructure unit 10. Assume that there is a 4×4 phase control matrix, in which each element takes a value of 0 or 1 (0 represents that the switch 11 of the microstructure unit 10 is in the off state, and 1 represents that the switch 11 of the microstructure unit 10 is in the on state). By traversing this matrix, the on-off state information of all microstructure units 10 can be obtained. By establishing an accurate phase control matrix, intelligent control of the microstructure unit 10 can be achieved, and the signal phase can be adjusted more conveniently and quickly, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0077] Specifically, according to the phase control matrix, the on-off state corresponding to each microstructure unit 10 is set in the voltage control unit 9, and the on-off state of each microstructure unit 10 is controlled by applying a suitable bias voltage, so as to realize precise control of the phase of the input signal. The on-off state of the microstructure unit 10 is controlled according to the phase control matrix, so as to realize high-precision adjustment of the phase of the input signal and ensure accurate transmission and processing of the signal. The fast phase adjustment is realized by the voltage control unit 9, which helps to meet the application requirements of the system for faster signal phase changes; the electrical length of the microstructure unit 10 is calculated according to the preset phase shift amount and the on-off state is set to construct a phase control matrix, and the voltage control unit 9 is used to perform precise phase control on each microstructure unit 10; this control process ensures efficient and precise control of the phase of the input signal, promotes the wide application of phase shifters in various application fields, and is conducive to improving the intelligence and reliability of the system.

[0078] Furthermore, the microstructure unit 10 includes:

[0079] Double branch structure 12, switch 11 and grounding part 13;

[0080] The double-branch structure 12 consists of two symmetrically distributed branches;

[0081] The switch 11 is used to connect the upper branch of each branch of the double-branch structure 12;

[0082] The grounding portion 13 is disposed at the lower end of the double-branch structure 12 to match impedance.

[0083] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 The microstructure unit 10 is composed of a double-branch structure 12, a switch 11 and a grounding part 13. The double-branch structure 12 is composed of two symmetrically distributed branches. This structure can produce phase differences in different frequency ranges. When the input signal passes through the double-branch structure 12, it will produce controllable phase changes according to the geometric layout and material properties of the structure. By adjusting the length of each branch of the double-branch structure 12, it can effectively produce different phase differences at a specific frequency, thereby meeting the needs of the phase shifter for signal phase control. Due to the symmetrical design, the linearity of the signal and the performance of the amplifier can be effectively improved, and the signal distortion can be reduced. The double-branch structure 12 has a relatively compact size, so it is suitable for use in limited space and can improve the integration of the device.

[0084] Specifically, the switch 11 is distributed at the upper end of the double-branch structure 12 and is responsible for connecting and disconnecting each branch. When the switch 11 is in the on state, the input signal can flow freely between the two branches of the double-branch structure 12, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the signal phase by controlling the switch 11. The use of the switch 11 can realize a flexible control strategy, and can quickly switch branches according to real-time changes in phase requirements to change the phase characteristics of the signal. After integrating the switch 11, the microstructure unit 10 can better cooperate with the voltage control unit 9, realize automatic management through the control circuit, and improve the intelligence level of the system.

[0085] Specifically, the grounding part 13 is arranged at the lower end of the double-branch structure 12 to provide a stable reference potential and match the impedance. The role of grounding is to ensure the stability of the signal during transmission and reduce reflection. Appropriate grounding design can achieve effective impedance matching, reduce signal reflection loss, and enhance signal transmission efficiency. The microstructure unit 10 achieves precise control of the signal phase through the organic combination of the double-branch structure 12, the switch 11 and the grounding part 13. The double-branch structure 12 provides a powerful phase control capability, the switch 11 enhances the flexibility and intelligence level, and the grounding part 13 ensures the stability of signal transmission and impedance matching. Through this structural design, the comprehensive performance of the microstructure unit 10 in the phase shifter is improved, so that it has a wide range of application performance in communications, radar and other high-precision signal processing fields.

[0086] Furthermore, the double-branch structure 12 is a double-sided fin line structure.

[0087] In this embodiment, the double-branch structure 12 is designed as a double-sided fin line structure. The double-sided fin line structure is a common microstrip line structure, which is characterized by two symmetrical metal wires (fin lines) covering both sides of the same dielectric substrate and connected together to form a closed circuit; in the phase shifter, the design of the double-sided fin line structure can further extend the signal transmission path and provide more flexible phase control. Providing a longer signal transmission path through the double-sided fin line structure helps to control a larger range of phase changes and increase the propagation time of the signal inside the phase shifter, thereby achieving more flexible phase control; by adopting the double-sided fin line structure, the loss of high-frequency signals during transmission can be reduced, and the transmission efficiency and stability of the signal can be improved; the double-sided fin line structure provides more phase control interfaces, and more detailed phase adjustment can be performed as needed, which enhances the system's ability to accurately control the signal phase; the introduction of the double-sided fin line structure increases the design flexibility of the system, can better meet the needs of different application scenarios for phase control, increase the applicability of the phase shifter, expand the application range of the phase shifter in the fields of communication, radar, antenna, etc., and improve the overall performance and reliability of the phase shifter.

[0088] Furthermore, the end of the double-branch structure 12 is a zigzag line structure.

[0089] In this embodiment, the end of the double-branch structure 12 is designed as a zigzag line structure, which is composed of multiple curved wire segments, forming an electrical structure with a specific shape. When the signal passes through the zigzag line structure, it will be reflected and scattered due to the bending of the wire, thereby affecting the transmission characteristics of the signal. The complex shape of the zigzag line structure will cause the phase change of the signal. By reasonably designing the shape and layout of the zigzag line, specific phase control requirements can be achieved, and the flexibility and adaptability of the phase shifter can be improved; the reflection and scattering of the signal in the zigzag line structure can cause signal attenuation, which helps to reduce stray power consumption and unnecessary signal interference during transmission, and improve the transmission efficiency and stability of the system; by designing a suitable zigzag line structure, the impedance matching in the signal path can be adjusted, which helps to improve the stability of the signal transmission process; the zigzag line structure can be designed according to actual application requirements, which increases the flexibility of the system to meet the signal processing requirements in different scenarios. By introducing a zigzag line structure at the end of the double-branch structure 12, the phase characteristics of the signal can be more finely controlled, the impedance matching can be optimized, and the performance and stability of the system can be improved.

[0090] Furthermore, the grounding portion 13 is a ring-shaped structure.

[0091] In this embodiment, if Figure 4 The grounding part 13 is a ring structure, which is connected to the double-branch structure 12 through two metal strips with a length of one quarter wavelength. The radius of the ring is one quarter wavelength. The ring grounding structure can provide a stable grounding path, enhance electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity, and effectively reduce the grounding impedance and reduce the interference of current flow through the design of the ring structure; by setting the length of the metal strip and the radius of the ring to one quarter wavelength, the behavior of the grounding part 13 in the electromagnetic field can have specific resonant characteristics; the structural design of the ring structure can effectively perform signal matching and impedance conversion, thereby improving the efficiency of the antenna or circuit; connecting the double-branch structure 12 through metal strips helps to optimize the signal propagation path and enhance the overall performance of the phase shifter.

[0092] Specifically, due to the use of a low-impedance ring structure, the grounding effect is better, which can effectively reduce reflections and interference in signal transmission and improve signal clarity and transmission quality; using a quarter-wavelength metal strip to connect the grounding part 13 can achieve good signal amplification effect in a specific frequency band. This design can provide a wider frequency band response, so that the grounding structure maintains good working performance in different frequency bands, is suitable for signal transmission of multiple frequencies, helps to reduce electromagnetic interference, and improves the stability and reliability of the phase shifter.

[0093] Example 2

[0094] A base station antenna comprises at least one phase shifter based on a double-branch structure.

[0095] In this embodiment, the base station antenna includes at least one phase shifter based on a double-branch structure. By integrating the phase shifter based on the double-branch structure into the base station antenna, the effective control and optimization of the signal can be achieved by adjusting the phase of the signal; by adjusting the phase of different antenna elements, the base station antenna can form a narrow beam or a wide beam to cover a designated area or user, thereby improving the coverage efficiency and quality of the signal; by adjusting the signal phase, the interference caused by multipath propagation can be minimized, and the clarity and effectiveness of the received signal can be improved; the phase shifter based on the double-branch structure can realize dynamic control of the phase, so that the base station antenna can adapt to different environments and requirements, and improve the application range of the base station antenna; the antenna system with integrated phase shifter can flexibly adjust the signal transmission characteristics according to different wireless environments and application requirements, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the system; by integrating the phase shifter, the number of independent components required can be reduced, thereby simplifying the design and manufacturing process of the base station antenna, which is of great significance for improving production efficiency and reducing costs; the phase shifter based on the double-branch structure can enable the base station antenna to achieve a larger coverage range.

[0096] Integrating a dual-branch phase shifter into a base station antenna provides greater flexibility and performance for modern wireless communications. Through precise phase control, the antenna can effectively cope with different signal environments, achieve beamforming and dynamic control, thereby improving signal quality, system capacity, and service range. This design has important application value in meeting the growing needs of users and maintaining high-quality signal transmission.

[0097] Example 3

[0098] This embodiment provides a base station, and the base station includes the base station antenna.

[0099] In this embodiment, the base station includes the base station antenna and other necessary hardware, such as a signal processing unit, a transmitter and a receiver, etc. The base station transmits and receives wireless signals through the base station antenna to provide wireless communication services to users. The base station antenna receives wireless signals from user devices (such as mobile phones and tablet computers). These signals are processed by the base station modem and forwarded to the signal processing unit, which is responsible for demodulating, amplifying and processing the received signals. After the data is extracted, it will be encoded and encrypted as necessary for further transmission. When the base station needs to feed back information to the user equipment, the signal processing unit sends the processed signal to the base station antenna. After modulation and amplification, the base station antenna transmits the signal in a specific frequency band. The base station antenna uses a phase shifter based on a double-branch structure to adjust the phase of the signal in real time to form an adaptive beam in different transmission directions, thereby achieving accurate regional coverage and improving signal quality. The base station can dynamically adjust its beam direction to track moving users to ensure stable signal coverage in dense or mobile user situations.

[0100] Specifically, through the precise beamforming and phase control of the base station antenna, signal interference and attenuation can be significantly reduced, thereby significantly improving the communication quality. Since the base station antenna can flexibly adjust the signal transmission direction and mode, its coverage and efficiency can be expanded, and it can serve more users and areas; the base station uses the performance of the phase shifter to achieve simultaneous access of multiple users, improve the capacity of the entire base station, and support more users to connect at the same time. For example, in large-scale events or busy urban environments, dynamic beamforming can reuse the same spectrum resources in space, avoid spectrum waste, and help improve spectrum utilization efficiency. By enhancing the signal transmission efficiency and coverage capability, the base station can reduce the demand for transmission power, thereby saving energy while meeting user needs; the phase shifter based on the double-branch structure and the integrated antenna design make the base station highly scalable and can easily adapt to different frequency bands and communication standards.

[0101] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A phase shifter based on a double-branch structure, characterized in that: include: An input port, a base plate, two transition modules, a feed module and an output port; wherein: The two transition modules are arranged on both sides above the substrate and are connected to the input port and the output port respectively, and the transition modules are used to convert the transmission form of the signal; The feeding module comprises: a main transmission line, a voltage control unit and a plurality of microstructure units; The main transmission line is arranged between the two transition modules and is used to transmit signals; The plurality of microstructure units are uniformly arranged on the main transmission line; The voltage control unit is arranged at one side of the main transmission line and is electrically connected to the plurality of microstructure units, and provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each microstructure unit, thereby realizing the regulation of the input signal phase; The microstructure unit includes: a double-branch structure, a switch and a grounding part; The double-branch structure consists of two symmetrically distributed branches; The switch is used to connect the upper branch of each branch of the double-branch structure; The grounding part is arranged at the lower end of the double-branch structure to match the impedance; The end of the double-branch structure is a zigzag line structure; The grounding part is a ring structure; The feeding module is arranged between two transition modules and includes a plurality of double-branch structures. The connection mode of the plurality of double-branch structures is controlled according to a phase control matrix to realize phase change control of the signal.

2. The phase shifter based on the double-branch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transition module comprises: Probes and high resistance wire; The probe is connected to the input port to convert the signal between the electromagnetic wave signal form and the electrical signal form; The high-resistance line is arranged on the probe to match the impedance.

3. The phase shifter based on the double-branch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage control unit is configured at one side of the main transmission line and is electrically connected to the plurality of microstructure units, and provides a bias voltage according to the phase control matrix to control the on / off state of each microstructure unit to achieve the regulation of the input signal phase, including: Calculating the required electrical length of the microstructure unit according to the preset input signal phase shift amount; Setting the on / off state of each microstructure unit according to the required electrical length of the microstructure unit; Obtaining a phase control matrix according to the on-off state of each of the microstructure units; The voltage control unit controls the on and off of each of the microstructure units according to the phase control matrix.

4. The phase shifter based on the double-branch structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the double-branch structure is a double-sided fin line structure.

5. A base station antenna, characterized in that: The base station antenna comprises at least one phase shifter based on a double-branch structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A base station, characterized in that: The base station comprises the base station antenna according to claim 5.

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