CAN transceivers with different types and switching method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides CAN transceivers with different types and a switching method thereof, and relates to the technical field of transceiver switching in a communication system, the CAN transceiver comprises at least two CAN transceiver modules with different types, a relay module and a control chip; the switching method comprises the following steps: the upper computer generates a switching instruction according to system operation state monitoring data, and indicates the type of a target CAN transceiver; the control chip receives and analyzes the instruction, controls the on-off state of the relay, and achieves the switching connection of different types of CAN transceivers with a CAN bus and a data line. After switching is completed, the control chip feeds state information of the relay back to the upper computer, and whether switching operation is successful or not is confirmed. According to the invention, a plurality of CAN transceiver modules are introduced into hardware, and a relay switching technology is adopted, so that automatic switching between a fault-tolerant transceiver and a high-speed transceiver is realized. In addition, the scheme is combined with a system operation state and an intelligent decision algorithm, so that the transceiver switching is more flexible and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of transceiver switching in a communication system, and in particular to a CAN transceiver with different types and a switching method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In traditional CAN communication systems, CAN transceivers are key components responsible for the conversion between logic levels and physical signals. Different types of CAN transceivers, such as fault-tolerant and high-speed, have different characteristics and application scenarios. Fault-tolerant CAN transceivers focus on reliability and can stably transmit data in complex electromagnetic environments; while high-speed CAN transceivers are suitable for scenarios with high requirements for real-time performance and communication rates. However, since the transceiver type is closely bound to the hardware board, when it is necessary to switch between different types of transceivers, it is usually necessary to manually replace the entire hardware board. This process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also greatly reduces work efficiency in some scenarios where frequent switching of transceiver types is required, such as in automotive research and development, testing, or maintenance.

[0003] In addition, manual replacement of hardware boards may introduce additional risks, such as hardware damage caused by improper operation, poor interface contact, etc., which may affect the stability and reliability of the CAN bus.

[0004] Therefore, a CAN transceiver with different types and its switching method are proposed. Through hardware improvement and control algorithm optimization, the system can dynamically switch the transceiver type according to demand without manual intervention, thereby improving the system's adaptability and operating efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art and proposes a CAN transceiver with different types and a switching method thereof. By introducing multiple CAN transceiver modules in hardware and adopting relay switching technology, automatic switching between fault-tolerant transceivers and high-speed transceivers is achieved. In addition, the solution combines the system operation status and the intelligent decision-making algorithm to make the transceiver switching more flexible and efficient.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A CAN transceiver with different types, the CAN transceiver comprising: At least two different types of CAN transceiver modules, namely a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver and a high-speed CAN transceiver; A relay module, comprising a plurality of relays, for respectively controlling the physical connection between the CAN bus and the CAN transceiver module, and controlling the connection between the CANTX and CANRX data lines and the CAN transceiver module; The control chip is used to receive and analyze the control instructions sent by the host computer, and control the switch state of the relay based on the control instructions, so as to select different types of CAN transceivers to connect with the CAN bus and data line.

[0007] Preferably, the relay module comprises: The first relay is used to control whether the CAN bus is connected to a fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver; The second relay is used to control whether the data line is connected to the fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver; The switch state of the relay is adjusted by the control chip according to the control instruction of the host computer, thereby switching different types of CAN transceivers.

[0008] Preferably, the control chip also includes real-time monitoring of the state of the relay to ensure that the switch state of the relay is consistent with the target CAN transceiver type, and feeds back the state information of the relay to the host computer through a state feedback mechanism to confirm whether the switching is successful.

[0009] Preferably, the control chip also includes a hardware fault detection module for real-time monitoring of the health status of the CAN transceiver, relays and other key hardware. When a hardware fault is detected, it automatically switches to backup hardware and issues a fault alarm.

[0010] A switching method with different types of CAN transceivers, the switching method comprising: The host computer generates a switching instruction based on the system operation status monitoring data to indicate the target CAN transceiver type; The control chip receives and analyzes the instructions, controls the switch state of the relay, and realizes the switching connection between different types of CAN transceivers and the CAN bus and data line; After the switching is completed, the control chip feeds back the status information of the relay to the host computer to confirm whether the switching operation is successful.

[0011] The switching instruction generation process includes: The host computer uses an intelligent decision-making algorithm to determine whether the CAN transceiver needs to be switched based on the real-time monitoring data of the system, and generates a control instruction. The monitoring data includes bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors; The intelligent decision algorithm adopts a weighted sum model, in which the bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors are weightedly calculated through set weights to output a switching decision score.

[0012] Preferably, the decision scoring calculation formula of the intelligent decision algorithm is:

[0013] Among them, S is the decision score, Q is the communication quality score, which is calculated by the bit error rate and signal strength, L is the bus system load score, E is the environmental factor score, ω1, ω2, ω3 are the weights of each factor, indicating the influence of each factor on the switching decision.

[0014] Preferably, the system monitors the switching state of the relay through a real-time feedback mechanism. If the switching fails or the relay fails to work properly, the system will automatically attempt to retry the switching, or issue an alarm message to notify the operator to perform manual intervention.

[0015] Preferably, after the switching operation is completed, the system will dynamically adjust the decision model according to real-time feedback information such as communication quality and system load, so that the system can optimize the switching strategy and improve the accuracy and stability of CAN transceiver switching.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a CAN transceiver with different types and a switching method thereof, which realizes automatic switching between fault-tolerant transceivers and high-speed transceivers by introducing multiple CAN transceiver modules in hardware and adopting relay switching technology. In addition, the scheme combines the system operation status and intelligent decision-making algorithm to make the transceiver switching more flexible and efficient. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only examples, and those skilled in the art can think of other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be used for other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0018] The present invention provides a CAN transceiver with different types, the CAN transceiver comprising: At least two different types of CAN transceiver modules (i.e., multi-type CAN transceiver modules), including a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver and a high-speed CAN transceiver, which are connected to the control chip in the system through independent interfaces and can coexist on the same hardware platform; wherein: Fault-tolerant CAN transceiver: with high anti-interference capability, suitable for environments with large electromagnetic interference, ensuring high stability of the system; High-speed CAN transceiver: supports high-speed data transmission and is suitable for application scenarios with high data volume and low latency requirements.

[0019] A relay module comprises a first relay and a second relay, wherein the first relay and the second relay are controlled by a control chip according to instructions, and respectively control the physical connection between the CAN bus and the CAN transceiver module, and control the connection between the CANTX and CANRX data lines and the CAN transceiver module through switch operation; wherein: First relay: used to switch the connection between the CAN bus (CANH, CANL) and the fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0020] Second relay: used to switch the connection between the data lines (CANTX, CANRX) and the fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0021] The control chip is used to receive and analyze the control instructions sent by the host computer, and control the switch state of the relay based on the control instructions, so as to select different types of CAN transceivers to connect with the CAN bus and data line.

[0022] The control chip monitors the status of the relay in real time to ensure that the switching status of the relay is consistent with the target CAN transceiver type, and feeds back the status information of the relay to the host computer through the status feedback mechanism to confirm whether the switching is successful.

[0023] The control chip also includes a hardware fault detection module, which is used to monitor the health status of CAN transceivers, relays and other key hardware in real time. When a hardware fault is detected, it automatically switches to backup hardware and issues a fault alarm.

[0024] Specifically, CAN bus and data line: CANH, CANL: used for CAN bus communication; CANTX, CANRX: used for data transmission.

[0025] Specifically, the circuit connection method is as follows: In the circuit design, fault-tolerant and high-speed CAN transceivers coexist on the same hardware platform, and their connection with the CAN bus (CANH, CANL) and data lines (CANTX, CANRX) is controlled by the first and second relays.

[0026] The control chip receives the instructions sent by the host computer, analyzes the instructions and controls the switch state of the relay. The change of the relay state determines which CAN transceiver is connected to the CAN bus and data line, thereby realizing the switching of the CAN transceiver type.

[0027] When it is necessary to switch to the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver, the first relay and the second relay will close the connection between the high-speed CAN transceiver and the CAN bus and the data line, and connect the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver.

[0028] When it is necessary to switch to the high-speed CAN transceiver, the first relay and the second relay will open the connection of the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver and connect the high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0029] The present invention provides a switching method of a transceiver having multiple transceiver modules, the switching method comprising: Step 1: The host computer generates a switching instruction based on the system operation status monitoring data to indicate the target CAN transceiver type; Among them, system operation status monitoring: During system operation, the host computer continuously monitors the system status in real time, including communication quality (such as signal strength, bit error rate, etc.), system load, environmental factors (such as temperature, electromagnetic interference, etc.) and internal system error reports. The host computer can also regularly check the system status according to the predetermined time interval to ensure timely detection of conditions that require switching.

[0030] The switching instruction generation process includes: The host computer uses an intelligent decision-making algorithm to determine whether the CAN transceiver needs to be switched based on the real-time monitoring data of the system, and generates a control instruction. The monitoring data includes bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors; The intelligent decision algorithm adopts a weighted sum model, in which the bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors are weighted and calculated by set weights to output a switching decision score; Finally, based on the decision score, the decision algorithm outputs include the target CAN transceiver type (fault-tolerant or high-speed) and the timing of switching (immediate switching or waiting for condition changes).

[0031] Step 2: The control chip receives and parses the command, controls the switch state of the relay, and realizes the switching connection between different types of CAN transceivers and the CAN bus and data line; Among them, the control command sends: The host computer sends instructions to the control chip based on the results of the intelligent decision. The instructions include the target CAN transceiver type, switching timing and other related parameters (such as switching speed, etc.); The instruction is transmitted to the control chip via serial communication or other communication interfaces. The instruction content includes: target CAN transceiver type (fault-tolerant or high-speed), switching trigger conditions and switching parameters.

[0032] Relay control and hardware switching: After receiving the command, the control chip first analyzes the target CAN transceiver type and switching conditions in the command. The control chip controls the switch of the relay according to the analysis results:

[0033] First relay: controls whether the CAN bus (CANH, CANL) is connected to a fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver; Second relay: controls whether the data lines (CANTX, CANRX) are connected to a fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0034] Switching operation: If the target CAN transceiver is a fault-tolerant type, the control chip will turn off the first relay and the second relay, cut off the connection between the high-speed CAN transceiver and the bus, and open the connection between the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver and the bus and the data line.

[0035] If the target CAN transceiver is a high-speed type, the control chip will open the first relay and the second relay, cut off the connection of the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver, and connect the high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0036] Step 3: After the switching is completed, the control chip feeds back the status information of the relay to the host computer to confirm whether the switching operation is successful.

[0037] Real-time feedback and verification: After the switch, the control chip will monitor the switch status of the relay in real time and feedback the status information to the host computer. The host computer confirms whether the switch is successful through the feedback data; if the status of the relay does not match the expected target, the system will automatically retry the switch operation or notify the operator to intervene manually.

[0038] Furthermore, the system can perform fault detection and recovery mechanisms, specifically: During the switching process, if any hardware failure is detected (such as relay stuck, transceiver failure, etc.), the system will start the fault recovery mechanism: Automatically switch to backup hardware or backup transceiver to ensure normal operation of the system; Send fault warning information to the host computer to remind the operator to perform inspection and maintenance.

[0039] Optimization and adjustment: After the switch operation is completed, the system will continue to monitor the operating status and evaluate the effect of the switch. If the system performance does not meet expectations after the switch, the intelligent decision module will re-evaluate the system status and decide whether to perform a second switch or other optimization.

[0040] Fault and exception handling during switching Toggle automatic retry on failure: If the relay fails to switch correctly (for example, fails to open or close), the control chip will try to automatically retry the switching operation. After the number of retries exceeds a certain number, the system will alarm and notify the operator to intervene manually.

[0041] It should be noted that in this application, the core purpose of the intelligent decision-making algorithm is to automatically determine whether the CAN transceiver type needs to be switched according to the operating status of the system, and to select the appropriate CAN transceiver type. In order to achieve this goal, the algorithm needs to comprehensively consider multiple factors, such as communication quality, system load, environmental factors, etc., and make decisions based on these input data. The algorithm outputs a judgment result through preset rules or learning-based models to decide whether to switch and which type of CAN transceiver to switch to.

[0042] Furthermore, the input of the intelligent decision-making algorithm mainly comes from the monitoring data of the system operation status; common input parameters include: communication quality, system load, environmental factors, historical data, and current CAN transceiver status.

[0043] 1. Communication quality: It measures the stability and reliability of CAN bus transmission, usually expressed by bit error rate (BER) and signal strength. Bit error rate (BER) calculation formula:

[0044]

[0045] Signal Strength (RSSI): Commonly used to measure signal strength.

[0046] 2. System load: measures the data transmission requirements of the system, usually expressed by the data transmission rate (for example, the number of bytes transmitted per unit time). System load calculation formula:

[0047] .

[0048] 3. Environmental factors: factors such as temperature, humidity, and electromagnetic interference that affect the performance of CAN transceivers. Temperature and electromagnetic interference particularly affect the stability of high-speed CAN transceivers. The formula for the effect of temperature on signal quality (simplified model):

[0049] Influence coefficient = 1-α(current temperature-reference temperature) Among them, α is the temperature influence coefficient, and the reference temperature is usually 25℃.

[0050] 4. Historical data: Adjust the switching strategy based on the historical operation data of the system (such as frequent switching modes, faults, etc.). You can use methods such as sliding average or weighted average to process these historical data.

[0051] 5. Current CAN transceiver status: including the current CAN transceiver type (high-speed or fault-tolerant) and whether switching is required.

[0052] Furthermore, the intelligent decision-making algorithm process includes several steps such as data collection, feature calculation, decision model and switching decision; specifically: (1) Data collection and feature calculation First, the system needs to collect various monitoring data in real time, including communication quality, system load, environmental factors, etc. Then, the characteristic values ​​of these data are extracted through some calculation formulas for subsequent decision-making.

[0053] Communication quality characteristics: Calculate the bit error rate (BER) and signal strength (RSSI) and evaluate the stability of communication based on their values; Regarding signal strength, when the signal is below a certain threshold, the system will judge it as a bad signal and need to switch to a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver.

[0054] System load characteristics: Calculate the current system load ratio. If the system load is close to or exceeds the maximum supported rate, the system may need to switch to a higher stability but slower fault-tolerant CAN transceiver.

[0055] Environmental factors characteristics: Use the influence coefficients to adjust the evaluation of communication quality based on environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, etc. For example, if the temperature is too high, the signal quality may degrade and you should switch to a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver.

[0056] (2) Decision model The decision model performs weighted calculation based on multiple input features (such as communication quality, system load, environmental factors, etc.) to determine whether the CAN transceiver needs to be switched and when to switch. In order to comprehensively consider various factors, the following weighted summation model can be used:

[0057]

[0058] in: S is the decision score, indicating whether the system needs to switch the CAN transceiver. The higher the score, the more likely it is to trigger the switch; Q is the communication quality score (calculated by bit error rate and signal strength); L is the system load score (calculated by the current system load and the maximum supported rate); E is the environmental factor score (based on the influence of factors such as temperature and electromagnetic interference); ω1, ω2, and ω3 are weights, indicating the relative importance of each factor to the switching decision.

[0059] The score for each factor can be calculated according to different standardized methods, namely: Communication quality score (Q): calculated using bit error rate or signal strength: Q = 1-BER (the better the signal, the higher the score) or Q= (The stronger the signal, the higher the score) System load score (L): The higher the system load ratio, the busier the current system is, and you may need to switch to a more stable CAN transceiver:

[0060] If the system load is close to the maximum system load, the system load score will be low and the system will choose to switch to a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver.

[0061] Environmental factor score (E): Adjust the communication quality according to the influence of temperature and electromagnetic interference, assuming that the influence coefficient is α=0.01 (the degree of influence of temperature on communication quality): E = influence coefficient (current temperature - reference temperature) (3) Switching decision Based on the above scoring model, the system makes a switching decision according to the decision score S. The specific switching rules are as follows:

[0062] If the score S is higher than the set threshold Sthresh: the system triggers a switch and selects the target CAN transceiver type (fault-tolerant or high-speed). The timing of the switch is determined by real-time feedback (such as system load exceeding the threshold or poor signal quality).

[0063] If the score S is lower than the set threshold: the system maintains the current CAN transceiver type and does not switch.

[0064] Furthermore, the mathematical model of the intelligent decision-making algorithm in the switching process is: According to the decision score S, the system will select a suitable CAN transceiver type. Assuming that the score of the fault-tolerant CAN transceiver is Sfault and the score of the high-speed CAN transceiver is Shigh, the switching process can be controlled by the following logic:

[0065] When S fault >S high : Switch to fault-tolerant CAN transceiver; When S high >S fault : Switch to high-speed CAN transceiver.

[0066] Ultimately, the intelligent decision-making algorithm determines whether to switch the CAN transceiver and the type of switch based on the weighted total score of each factor. This algorithm can adapt to different application scenarios and environmental factors to ensure that the system always operates in the best state.

[0067] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention shown in the above description are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention may be deformed or modified in any way without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A CAN transceiver with different types, characterized in that: The CAN transceiver comprises: At least two different types of CAN transceiver modules, namely a fault-tolerant CAN transceiver and a high-speed CAN transceiver; A relay module, comprising a plurality of relays, for respectively controlling the physical connection between the CAN bus and the CAN transceiver module, and controlling the connection between the CANTX and CANRX data lines and the CAN transceiver module; The control chip is used to receive and analyze the control instructions sent by the host computer, and control the switch state of the relay based on the control instructions, so as to select different types of CAN transceivers to connect with the CAN bus and data line.

2. A CAN transceiver with different types according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relay module comprises: The first relay is used to control whether the CAN bus is connected to a fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver; The second relay is used to control whether the data line is connected to the fault-tolerant or high-speed CAN transceiver; The switch state of the relay is adjusted by the control chip according to the control instruction of the host computer, thereby switching different types of CAN transceivers.

3. The CAN transceiver with different types according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip also includes real-time monitoring of the state of the relay to ensure that the switch state of the relay is consistent with the target CAN transceiver type, and feeds back the state information of the relay to the host computer through a state feedback mechanism to confirm whether the switching is successful.

4. A method for switching CAN transceivers of different types according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching method comprises: The host computer generates a switching instruction based on the system operation status monitoring data to indicate the target CAN transceiver type; The control chip receives and analyzes the instructions, controls the switch state of the relay, and realizes the switching connection between different types of CAN transceivers and the CAN bus and data line; After the switching is completed, the control chip feeds back the status information of the relay to the host computer to confirm whether the switching operation is successful; The switching instruction generation process includes: The host computer uses an intelligent decision-making algorithm to determine whether the CAN transceiver needs to be switched based on the real-time monitoring data of the system, and generates a control instruction. The monitoring data includes bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors; The intelligent decision algorithm adopts a weighted sum model, in which the bit error rate, signal strength, bus system load, and environmental factors are weightedly calculated through set weights to output a switching decision score.

5. The switching method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The decision scoring calculation formula of the intelligent decision algorithm is: ； Among them, S is the decision score, Q is the communication quality score, which is calculated by the bit error rate and signal strength, L is the bus system load score, E is the environmental factor score, ω1, ω2, ω3 are the weights of each factor, indicating the influence of each factor on the switching decision.

6. The switching method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The system monitors the switching status of the relay through a real-time feedback mechanism. If the switching fails or the relay fails to work properly, the system will automatically attempt to retry the switching or issue an alarm message to notify the operator to intervene manually.

7. The switching method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the switching operation is completed, the system will dynamically adjust the decision model according to real-time feedback information such as communication quality and system load, so that the system can optimize the switching strategy and improve the accuracy and stability of CAN transceiver switching.

8. The CAN transceiver with different types according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control chip also includes a hardware fault detection module for real-time monitoring of the health status of the CAN transceiver, relays and other key hardware. When a hardware fault is detected, it automatically switches to backup hardware and issues a fault alarm.

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