Separable hydraulic creeping formwork system for double-pier synchronous pouring

Abstract

The invention relates to forming equipment of a concrete structure, in particular to a separable hydraulic creeping formwork system for double-pier synchronous pouring, which comprises two hydraulic creeping formwork devices, and a detachable connecting mechanism is arranged between hydraulic platforms of the two hydraulic creeping formwork devices; according to the connecting mechanism, a first longitudinal connecting piece is fixed to the outer side portion of a hydraulic platform of one hydraulic climbing formwork device; the second longitudinal connecting piece is rotatably arranged on the outer side part of the hydraulic platform of the other group of hydraulic climbing formwork device; the rotary driving assembly is connected with the second longitudinal connecting piece; one end of the transverse connecting piece is fixedly connected with the second longitudinal connecting piece; the fastening assembly comprises two hoop pieces and a fastening piece, and the two hoop pieces are arranged on the transverse connecting piece in a relative movement mode and used for surrounding the first longitudinal connecting piece when the transverse connecting piece makes contact with the first longitudinal connecting piece; and the fastening piece is used for fastening and connecting the two hoop pieces. According to the creeping formwork, two creeping formwork bodies can be detachably connected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of concrete forming formwork, and in particular to a detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers. Background Art

[0002] During the construction of bridges, hydraulic climbing formwork systems are often used to form bridge piers. Especially for high pier structures, the rapid disassembly and assembly and lifting characteristics of the hydraulic climbing formwork system can effectively improve the efficiency of pier forming. The double pier structure is a common pier structure in bridges. The two groups of piers are often difficult to arrange and climb during construction due to various factors such as changes in pier spacing, changes in pier cross-sectional area, and intermediate reinforcement connectors. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that the integral climbing formwork system of the existing double-pier structure is difficult to arrange and climb, and to provide a detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for the synchronous casting of double piers. By adopting two sets of detachable hydraulic climbing formwork systems, the two systems can be separated during climbing and connected as a whole during formwork casting, thereby effectively enhancing the stability and scope of application of the climbing formwork system.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers, comprising two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices, wherein the hydraulic climbing formwork devices comprise hydraulic platforms, and a detachable connecting mechanism is provided between the hydraulic platforms of the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices;

[0006] The connecting mechanism comprises:

[0007] A first longitudinal connecting member is fixed to the outer side of the hydraulic platform of one set of hydraulic climbing formwork devices;

[0008] A second longitudinal connecting member is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the hydraulic platform of another set of hydraulic climbing formwork devices;

[0009] A rotation drive assembly connected to the second longitudinal connecting member and used to drive the second longitudinal connecting member to rotate;

[0010] a transverse connecting member, one end of which is fixedly connected to the second longitudinal connecting member; and

[0011] The fastening assembly includes a hoop member and a fastener, wherein two hoop members are provided and are relatively movably arranged on the transverse connecting member, and are used to embrace the first longitudinal connecting member when the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member; the fastener is used to fasten the two hoop members together.

[0012] Optionally, the transverse connecting member is provided with a slide groove, two clamping members are embedded in the slide groove and can move along the slide groove, and an elastic telescopic component is provided between the two clamping members, which is used to pull the two clamping members closer to each other when the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member; the two clamping members are also respectively connected with a reset traction component, and the reset traction component can pull the clamping member to reset to the end of the slide groove before the transverse connecting member moves away from the first longitudinal connecting member.

[0013] Optionally, the hoop member includes a base portion and a support portion, the base portion is embedded in the slide slot, a plurality of limiting grooves with a right-angled triangle cross section are provided on the top of the slide slot, the base portion is provided with a limiting protrusion with a right-angled triangle cross section, the fastener is provided on the support portion, and when the supporting portions of the two hoop members are fastened and connected by the fastener, the hoop member can rotate around the first longitudinal connecting member so that the limiting protrusion on the base can be embedded in the limiting groove;

[0014] The hoop member includes a first hoop member and a second hoop member, the limiting protrusions of the first hoop member are arranged on both sides close to the top of the base, and the limiting protrusions of the second hoop member are arranged on both sides close to the top of the base, and the limiting grooves at the top of the slide groove are provided with two rows, which correspond to the limiting protrusions of the first hoop member and the limiting protrusions of the second hoop member respectively;

[0015] The limiting protrusion of the first hoop member and the limiting protrusion of the second hoop member are arranged in a manner that the right-angled sides are opposite to each other.

[0016] Optionally, a counterweight roller is provided at the bottom of the base portion of the two hoop members.

[0017] Optionally, a processor is also included, which is respectively connected to the reset traction assembly and the rotation drive assembly by signal. The processor can drive the reset traction assembly to pull the two clamping members to move to the ends of the slide groove before driving the rotation drive assembly to rotate so that the transverse connecting member moves away from the first longitudinal connecting member.

[0018] Optionally, a detection component is also provided on the transverse connecting member, and the detection component can obtain a position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member. The detection component is connected to the processor signal, and the processor can drive the reset traction component to release the traction on the clamping member when the position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member obtained by the detection component is obtained.

[0019] Optionally, the detection component includes a pressure plate and a signal generator, the transverse connecting member is provided with a groove, the pressure plate is configured in the groove, and an elastic support member is provided between the groove and the pressure plate, which is used to support the pressure plate to the surface of the protruding transverse connecting member, and the signal generator is configured in the groove. The signal generator is connected to the processor, and when the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member, the pressure plate can be squeezed, and the pressure plate can squeeze the signal generator, thereby obtaining a position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member.

[0020] Optionally, the signal generator is a pressure sensor.

[0021] Optionally, the rotary drive assembly includes a drive motor and a sprocket chain transmission pair, and the drive motor is transmission-connected to the second longitudinal connecting member via the sprocket chain transmission pair.

[0022] Optionally, the first longitudinal connecting member and the second longitudinal connecting member are both round steel pipes.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers of the present invention is provided with a detachable connection mechanism between the hydraulic platforms of the two groups of hydraulic climbing formwork devices, so that the connection mechanism between the two groups of climbing formwork systems is in a separated state when the climbing formwork system is "climbing", thereby avoiding mutual interference between the two groups of climbing formwork systems "when climbing"; when the climbing formwork system is "supporting formwork and casting", the connection mechanism between the two groups of climbing formwork systems is in a locked state or a connected state, and the two groups of climbing formwork systems form a whole, thereby enhancing the stability of the climbing formwork system;

[0025] The connection mechanism of the present invention realizes a fastening connection with adjustable connection distance between two sets of climbing formwork systems by adopting a transverse connecting piece and a fastening assembly that can move along the transverse connecting piece, thereby effectively solving the problem of inconsistent connection point distances caused by spacing changes, asynchronous climbing, etc. between the two sets of climbing formwork systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a front view of the detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of one of the cross-sectional planes of the transverse connector of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a state diagram of the arrangement of the rotary drive assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a transverse connector of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of one of the hoop components of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of another clamping hoop of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of another cut surface of the transverse connector of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a principle block diagram of the circuit part of the present invention.

[0034] Reference numerals:

[0035] 11-upper platform, 12-rearward platform, 13-hydraulic platform, 14-hanging platform, 200-connecting mechanism, 210-first longitudinal connecting piece, 220-second longitudinal connecting piece, 230-transverse connecting piece, 231-slide groove, 2311-limiting groove, 240-fastening assembly, 241-fastener, 242-hoop, 2421-support part, 2422-base part, 2423-limiting protrusion, 250-reset traction assembly, 260-elastic telescopic part, 270-pressure plate, 280-rotation drive assembly, 291-processor, 292-signal generator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Reference Figure 1 The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers of the present invention comprises two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices respectively arranged on two sets of pier columns. The two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices can be conventional hydraulic climbing formwork devices in the art. The hydraulic climbing formwork devices usually comprise several parts such as an upper platform 11, a rearward moving platform 12, a hydraulic platform 13 and a hanging platform 14. The specific structure is not described in detail in this embodiment. The two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices have independent hydraulic jacking systems, which can achieve independent jacking. The spacing between the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork systems is set to a spacing that does not interfere with each other during independent jacking. By providing a detachable connecting mechanism 200 between the hydraulic platforms 13 of the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices, the connecting mechanism 200 between the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices can be in a separated state when the climbing formwork system is "climbing", thereby avoiding mutual interference between the two sets of climbing formwork systems when "climbing"; when the climbing formwork system is "supporting and casting", the connecting device between the two sets of climbing formwork systems is in a locked state or a connected state, and the two sets of climbing formwork systems form a whole, thereby enhancing the stability of the climbing formwork system.

[0037] In the case where the height of the double pier structure remains unchanged, the distance between the two is constant, and factors such as jacking error are not considered, the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices can also be detachably connected by a conventional hinge structure, such as a locking fastener commonly used in a steel pipe bracket, to lock and connect the hydraulic platforms 13 of the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices. When the distance is large, adding steel pipes can also complete the locking connection. However, in actual applications, there are often many variable factors, such as the jacking system is not synchronized, the cross-sectional area of ​​the pier column changes, etc., and the distance between the two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices may also expand or shrink in the lateral direction. At this time, a simple locking fastener cannot adapt to the change in spacing. Even if a steel pipe connection is used, the position of each connection is different, and each time it needs to be disassembled and installed, which is very troublesome in operation.

[0038] Therefore, refer to Figure 2-Figure 8 The present embodiment provides a connection mechanism 200 including a first longitudinal connection member 210, a second longitudinal connection member 220, a rotation drive assembly 280, a transverse connection member 230 and a fastener 241, wherein the first longitudinal connection member 210 can be a round steel pipe, fixed to the outer side of the hydraulic platform 13 of one group of hydraulic climbing formwork devices, and the fixation can be achieved by welding connection or fastener connection.

[0039] The second longitudinal connecting member 220 can also be made of round steel pipe and can be rotatably arranged on the outer side of the hydraulic platform 13 of another group of hydraulic climbing formwork devices. The second longitudinal connecting member 220 can be rotatably connected by means of bearings and fasteners, and the driving power is provided by the rotation driving component 280. The rotation driving component 280 is connected to the second longitudinal connecting member 220 and is used to drive the second longitudinal connecting member 220 to rotate. The rotation driving component 280 of this embodiment adopts a driving motor and a sprocket chain transmission pair. The driving motor is connected to the second longitudinal connecting member 220 through the sprocket chain transmission pair. By welding the driven sprocket of the sprocket chain transmission pair on the second longitudinal connecting member 220, the second longitudinal connecting member 220 can be driven to rotate through the active sprocket on the driving motor.

[0040] In this embodiment, the transverse connector 230 is a long rectangular steel structure, and the transverse connector 230 and the second longitudinal connector 220 are in a substantially vertical direction in space, so that it can just span between the two hydraulic platforms 13 and is used to connect the two hydraulic platforms 13. One end of the transverse connector 230 is fixedly connected to the second longitudinal connector 220, and when the second longitudinal connector 220 rotates, the transverse connector 230 can be driven to rotate around the second longitudinal connector 220. The fastening assembly 240 is arranged on the transverse connector 230. When the other end of the transverse connector 230 rotates to contact the first longitudinal connector 210, the first longitudinal connector 210 can be fastened by the fastening assembly 240, thereby completing the overlap connection.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 The fastening assembly 240 includes a hoop 242 and a fastener 241. Two hoop 242 are provided. The hoop 242 can also be a fastener. The two hoop 242 are relatively movably arranged on the transverse connecting member 230, and are used to embrace the first longitudinal connecting member 210 when the transverse connecting member 230 contacts the first longitudinal connecting member 210. The fastener 241 is used to fasten the two hoop 242.

[0042] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 A slide groove 231 is provided in the transverse connecting member 230, two hoop members 242 are embedded in the slide groove 231 and can move along the slide groove 231, and an elastic telescopic component 260, such as a spring, is provided between the two hoop members 242, which is used to pull the two hoop members 242 closer to each other when the transverse connecting member 230 contacts the first longitudinal connecting member 210; the two hoop members 242 are also respectively connected to a reset traction assembly 250, which can pull the hoop members 242 to reset to the end of the slide groove 231 before the transverse connecting member 230 moves away from the first longitudinal connecting member 210. Before the transverse connector 230 contacts the first longitudinal connector 210, the two hoop members 242 are pulled to the two ends of the chute 231 by the reset traction assembly 250, so that there is a long distance between the two hoop members 242. This distance is set according to needs. Generally, if it exceeds this distance, it can be controlled by the hydraulic climbing formwork device itself, but this distance cannot be controlled and ultimately needs to be compensated by the connecting mechanism 200. However, this distance is different after each climb, so it is impossible to achieve precise control. By setting mutually separated hoop members 242 in the chute 231, it is possible to adapt to the connection of two longitudinal connectors with uncertain spacing within such a distance range.

[0043] Reference Figure 8The connection mechanism 200 further includes a processor 291, which is connected to the reset traction assembly 250 and the rotation drive assembly 280 by signals. The processor 291 can drive the reset traction assembly 250 to pull the two hoop members 242 to move to the ends of the slide groove 231 before driving the rotation drive assembly 280 to rotate so that the transverse connection member 230 is away from the first longitudinal connection member 210. The processor 291 can use a conventional single-chip microcomputer or other chip that can realize simple signal control, and a detection assembly is also provided on the transverse connection member 230. The detection assembly can obtain a position signal that the transverse connection member 230 and the first longitudinal connection member 210 are in contact with each other. The detection assembly is connected to the processor 291 by signals. When the processor 291 obtains the position signal that the transverse connection member 230 and the first longitudinal connection member 210 are in contact with each other, the reset traction assembly 250 can be driven to release the traction of the hoop member 242.

[0044] Specifically, refer to Figure 7 The detection component includes a pressure plate 270 and a signal generator 292. The transverse connecting member 230 is provided with a groove. The pressure plate 270 is arranged in the groove, and an elastic support member, such as a spring, is arranged between the groove and the pressure plate 270 for supporting the pressure plate 270 to the surface of the protruding transverse connecting member 230. A signal generator 292, such as a pressure sensor, is arranged in the groove. The signal generator 292 is connected to the processor 291. When the transverse connecting member 230 contacts the first longitudinal connecting member 210, it can squeeze the pressure plate 270, and the pressure plate 270 can squeeze the signal generator 292, thereby obtaining a position signal that the transverse connecting member 230 and the first longitudinal connecting member 210 are in contact with each other.

[0045] The rotary drive assembly 280 drives the second longitudinal connecting member 220 to rotate, thereby driving the transverse connecting member 230 to rotate, waiting for its movable end to contact the first longitudinal connecting member 210. First, the pressure plate 270 on the detection assembly will be squeezed through the first longitudinal connecting member 210, thereby triggering the signal generator 292 to obtain a signal that the transverse connecting member 230 is in contact with the first longitudinal connecting member 210. After the processor 291 obtains this signal, it will control the reset traction assembly 250 to release the traction on the hoop member 242. The reset traction assembly 250 can use a winch with a brake, and the winch is connected to a wire rope to achieve traction on the hoop member 242. The processor 291 gives a corresponding brake release signal, and the winch loses traction power. The elastic telescopic component 260 connected between the two hoop members 242 can drive the two hoop members 242 to slide relative to each other in the slide groove 231 until a hugging state is formed on the first longitudinal connecting member 210. Then the two hoop members 242 can be locked and fixed manually with the fastener 241. The fastener 241 is generally a bolt and nut structure, and the fastening work can be quickly completed using an electric wrench or a manual wrench. Therefore, through the connection mechanism 200 of this embodiment, the connection and fixation of the two longitudinal connectors can be quickly completed, and the manual operation only needs to be tightened. The whole process is fast, simple, and easy to operate, avoiding the complex connection operation of the hydraulic climbing formwork device after the jacking is completed, connecting the two groups of hydraulic climbing formwork devices as a whole, and improving the overall structural strength. In the disassembly process, it is necessary to manually loosen the fastener 241 and give a signal to the processor 291 in advance (a button can be set), so that it can control the reset traction component 250 to pull the two hoop members 242 back to the two ends of the slide 231, and then rotate in the opposite direction through the rotation drive component 280, and then return to the side of the second longitudinal connector 220, so that the climbing formwork operation can be realized, and the two groups of hydraulic climbing formwork devices are separated and do not interfere with each other.

[0046] Reference Figure 4-Figure 6In order to further improve the fastening strength of the fastening assembly 240, the hoop member 242 includes a base portion 2422 and a support portion 2421. The base portion 2422 is embedded in the slide groove 231. The top of the slide groove 231 is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves 2311 with a right-angled triangular cross-section. The base portion 2422 is provided with a limiting protrusion 2423 with a right-angled triangular cross-section. The fastener 241 is provided on the support portion 2421. When the supporting portions 2421 of the two hoop members 242 are fastened and connected by the fastener 241, the hoop member 242 can rotate around the first longitudinal connecting member 210 so that the limiting protrusion 2423 on the base can be embedded in the limiting groove 2311. The hoop 242 includes a first hoop 242 and a second hoop 242. The limiting protrusions 2423 of the first hoop 242 are arranged on both sides close to the top of the base, and the limiting protrusions 2423 of the second hoop 242 are arranged on both sides close to the support portion 2421 at the top of the base. The limiting groove 2311 at the top of the slide 231 is provided with two rows, corresponding to the limiting protrusions 2423 of the first hoop 242 and the limiting protrusions 2423 of the second hoop 242. The limiting protrusions 2423 of the first hoop 242 and the limiting protrusions 2423 of the second hoop 242 are arranged in a manner that the right angle sides are opposite to each other. The two hoop 242 correspond to their respective limiting protrusions 2423, which can limit their sliding in the left and right directions of the slide 231, respectively, to ensure that the hoop 242 and the transverse connecting member 230 are fastened.

[0047] A counterweight roller can also be provided at the bottom of the base portion 2422 of the two clamping members 242. The counterweight roller is rotatable. On the one hand, it can act as a roller to improve the smoothness of the sliding of the clamping members 242 in the slide groove 231; on the other hand, through the effect of counterweight, the clamping members 242 can be kept in contact with the bottom of the slide groove 231 during sliding, avoiding the sliding jam caused by the cooperation between the limiting protrusion 2423 and the limiting groove 2311 of the slide groove 231.

Claims

1. A detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers, comprising two sets of hydraulic climbing formwork devices, wherein the hydraulic climbing formwork devices include a hydraulic platform, characterized in that: A detachable connecting mechanism is provided between the hydraulic platforms of the two groups of hydraulic climbing formwork devices; The connecting mechanism comprises: A first longitudinal connecting member is fixed to the outer side of the hydraulic platform of one set of hydraulic climbing formwork devices; A second longitudinal connecting member is rotatably arranged on the outer side of the hydraulic platform of another set of hydraulic climbing formwork devices; A rotation drive assembly connected to the second longitudinal connecting member and used to drive the second longitudinal connecting member to rotate; a transverse connecting member, one end of which is fixedly connected to the second longitudinal connecting member; and The fastening assembly includes a hoop member and a fastener, wherein two hoop members are provided and are relatively movably arranged on the transverse connecting member, and are used to embrace the first longitudinal connecting member when the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member; the fastener is used to fasten the two hoop members together.

2. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The transverse connecting member is provided with a slide groove, and two clamping members are embedded in the slide groove and can move along the slide groove. An elastic telescopic component is provided between the two clamping members, which is used to pull the two clamping members closer to each other when the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member; the two clamping members are also respectively connected with a reset traction component, and the reset traction component can pull the clamping member to reset to the end of the slide groove before the transverse connecting member moves away from the first longitudinal connecting member.

3. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The hoop member includes a base portion and a support portion, the base portion is embedded in the slide slot, a plurality of limiting grooves with a right-angled triangle cross section are arranged on the top of the slide slot, the base portion is provided with a limiting protrusion with a right-angled triangle cross section, the fastener is arranged on the support portion, and when the supporting portions of the two hoop members are fastened and connected by the fastener, the hoop member can rotate around the first longitudinal connecting member so that the limiting protrusion on the base can be embedded in the limiting groove; The hoop member includes a first hoop member and a second hoop member, the limiting protrusions of the first hoop member are arranged on both sides close to the top of the base, and the limiting protrusions of the second hoop member are arranged on both sides close to the top of the base, and the limiting grooves at the top of the slide groove are provided with two rows, which correspond to the limiting protrusions of the first hoop member and the limiting protrusions of the second hoop member respectively; The limiting protrusion of the first hoop member and the limiting protrusion of the second hoop member are arranged in a manner that the right-angled sides are opposite to each other.

4. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The bottoms of the base parts of the two hoop members are both provided with counterweight rollers.

5. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 3 is characterized in that: It also includes a processor, which is respectively connected to the reset traction assembly and the rotation drive assembly by signal. The processor can drive the reset traction assembly to pull the two clamping members to move to the ends of the slide groove before driving the rotation drive assembly to rotate so that the transverse connecting member moves away from the first longitudinal connecting member.

6. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The transverse connecting member is also provided with a detection component, and the detection component can obtain a position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member. The detection component is connected to the processor signal, and the processor can drive the reset traction component to release the traction on the clamping member when the position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member obtained by the detection component is obtained.

7. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The detection component includes a pressure plate and a signal generator. The transverse connecting member is provided with a groove. The pressure plate is arranged in the groove. An elastic support member is provided between the groove and the pressure plate, which is used to support the pressure plate to the surface of the protruding transverse connecting member. The signal generator is arranged in the groove. The signal generator is connected to the processor. When the transverse connecting member contacts the first longitudinal connecting member, the pressure plate can be squeezed. The pressure plate can squeeze the signal generator, thereby obtaining a position signal of the contact between the transverse connecting member and the first longitudinal connecting member.

8. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The signal generator is a pressure sensor.

9. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotary drive assembly comprises a drive motor and a sprocket chain transmission pair, and the drive motor is transmission-connected to the second longitudinal connecting member via the sprocket chain transmission pair.

10. The detachable hydraulic climbing formwork system for synchronous casting of double piers according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first longitudinal connecting member and the second longitudinal connecting member are both made of round steel pipes.

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