Narrowband base station arrangement method, device, medium, equipment and system
By selecting the target area on the map, obtaining terrain data information, and arranging narrowband base stations using azimuth scanning method, the problem of unreasonable coverage of narrowband signals is solved, and more effective narrowband communication is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311021328.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-21
AI Technical Summary
The lack of effective narrowband base station arrangement scheme in the prior art leads to unreasonable coverage of narrowband signals and the problem of overly narrow or overlapping coverage.
By selecting the target area on the map, obtaining terrain data information, determining the area center, and starting from the center, narrowband base stations are arranged using azimuth scanning method to adjust the signal coverage range to achieve optimal coverage.
Effectively and reasonably adjust the signal coverage range of narrowband base stations, solve the problem of too narrow or overlapping coverage, and improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
Smart Images
Figure CN119497236A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of narrowband base station arrangement, and in particular to a narrowband base station arrangement method, device, medium, equipment and system. Background Art
[0002] In addition to using the 5G network for fast data communications, 5G smart nodes can also use narrowband communications to transmit and receive node status. Narrowband communications use lower communication frequencies due to the narrowband characteristics, so they have weak signals and low power consumption, so they can be used as a daily communication method. However, these characteristics also bring defects such as slow transmission speeds and easy signal interference. These problems can be overcome by using narrowband base stations for relay forwarding. Therefore, the problem of narrowband base station layout is brought up. There is currently no good solution for the deployment of narrowband base stations.
[0003] The art needs to provide a narrowband base station deployment solution that can obtain a more reasonable narrowband signal effective coverage range. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned prior art problem, namely, to obtain a narrowband base station arrangement scheme with a reasonable effective coverage range of narrowband signals.
[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a narrowband base station arrangement method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0006] Select the target area for arranging narrowband base stations on the map;
[0007] Acquiring terrain data information of the target area;
[0008] Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information;
[0009] Starting from the center of the target area, arranging narrowband base stations;
[0010] Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution.
[0011] Preferably, for the area where narrowband base stations need to be arranged, selecting a target area according to a map includes:
[0012] The selecting a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map includes: dividing the map into grids, and determining an area where a grid that meets a preset condition is located as the target area.
[0013] Preferably, the preset condition is:
[0014] When all grids in the map are traversed in order, the first grid that satisfies the preset relationship is determined as the grid that satisfies the preset condition;
[0015] The preset relationship is as follows:
[0016]
[0017] Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid;
[0018] The area where the first grid that satisfies the preset relationship is located is the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station.
[0019] Preferably, the terrain data information of the target area includes:
[0020] Altitude information and ground cover information of the target area.
[0021] Preferably, the step of arranging narrowband base stations starting from the center of the terrain area includes:
[0022] Establishing a coordinate system with the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system, the current scanning angle direction as the X direction, and the vertical direction of the X direction as the Y direction, and arranging the narrowband base stations in the coordinate system;
[0023] Calculate the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and surface cover information of the target area;
[0024] Adjusting the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station;
[0025] The position of each narrowband base station is adjusted according to the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
[0026] Preferably, arranging the narrowband base stations in the coordinate system includes:
[0027] by is the distance between adjacent narrowband base stations in the X direction, 1.5*R a is the distance between the adjacent narrowband base stations in the Y direction, and the narrowband base stations are spread over the target area; wherein R a It is the effective coverage radius of narrowband signal.
[0028] Preferably, the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station is calculated according to the altitude information and the surface cover information of the target area;
[0029] The transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station is calculated according to the following formula:
[0030] R p=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0031] Among them, R p is the transmission distance of the narrowband base station after gain in a certain direction; f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0032] Preferably, the gain due to altitude is calculated by the following formula:
[0033] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0034] Among them, α is the attenuation proportional factor; l is the actual propagation distance of the signal; r is the horizontal propagation distance of the signal.
[0035] Preferably, the gain caused by the ground cover is calculated by the following formula:
[0036] g(x,y)=q
[0037] Where (x, y) is the coordinate point where the ground cover is located, and q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y).
[0038] Preferably, the adjusting the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station includes:
[0039] The minimum value of the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
[0040] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a narrowband base station arrangement device, comprising:
[0041] A target area selection unit, which is used to select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map;
[0042] A terrain data information acquisition unit, which is used to acquire terrain data information of the target area;
[0043] a target area center determination unit, configured to determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information;
[0044] A narrowband base station arranging unit, configured to arrange narrowband base stations starting from the center of the target area;
[0045] The scheme selection unit is used to count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best scheme.
[0046] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed, implements the method described in the first aspect.
[0047] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a memory and a processor communicatively connected to the memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method described in the first aspect is implemented.
[0048] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a narrowband base station deployment system, characterized in that it includes: the electronic device as described in the fourth aspect.
[0049] Through the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0050] By arranging narrowband base stations by scanning the azimuth angle of a designated area, the signal coverage of the narrowband base stations can be effectively and reasonably adjusted to solve the problem of too narrow coverage or overlap. The logic of the method of the present invention is clear, the method is simple, and the implementation is fast, which can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0051] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main steps of the narrowband base station arrangement method;
[0052] Figure 2 is a transmission gain diagram;
[0053] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the discrete gain transmission distance;
[0054] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the main steps of arranging narrowband base stations starting from the center of the terrain area;
[0055] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system established with the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system;
[0056] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the eight directions of each narrowband base station;
[0057] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the initial layout of three adjacent narrowband base stations;
[0058] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the vertex adjustment diffusion method;
[0059] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the vertex adjustment of neighbor narrowband base stations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0060] The present disclosure is further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.
[0061] Example 1
[0062] Reference Figure 1This embodiment provides a narrowband base station arrangement method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0063] S1. Select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map.
[0064] Divide the map into grids and determine the area where the grids that meet the preset conditions are located as the target area.
[0065] Reference Figure 2 Considering that different terrain environments have different effects on the coverage of narrowband signals, this embodiment mainly considers the effects of two terrain factors, which are specifically described as follows:
[0066] 1. Influence of altitude: It is believed that sending from high to low will result in a long transmission distance, while sending from low to high will result in a short transmission distance.
[0067] 2. Influence of ground cover: It is believed that among common ground, concrete ground, rivers, and grasslands have lower impact on signal transmission, while trees and buildings have higher impact on signal transmission.
[0068] Therefore, two influencing factor equations can be introduced for the above two influencing terrain factors:
[0069] The gain effect of altitude on transmission distance can be found in the following equation:
[0070] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0071] Among them, δh is the altitude difference between the signal transmission point and the signal reception point; l is the actual signal propagation distance; r is the horizontal signal propagation distance, and α is the attenuation proportional factor, which can be adjusted by the user.
[0072] The effect of ground cover on transmission distance gain can be found in the following equation:
[0073] g(x,y)=q
[0074] Where (x, y) is the coordinate of the location of the ground cover; q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y). The value of q is [0, 1] and is defined by the user according to the ground cover conditions.
[0075] The above two influencing factor equations are introduced only as symbols to illustrate the existence of influencing factors. In actual use, they can be adjusted by the user according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, their role is mainly to affect the coverage radius. The influencing equation can be defined as:
[0076] Rp=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0077] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; R is the transmission distance, f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0078] The above equation can be simplified to:
[0079] R p =R*λ
[0080] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain, R is the transmission distance, and λ is the gain of the transmission distance.
[0081] Reference Figure 3 In actual application, the terrain within the coverage radius is unlikely to be the same cover, and rarely the same height. Therefore, the transmission distance needs to be discretized according to the grid interval d and λ. In this way, during the transmission process, you only need to add the gains on the passed grids and multiply them by the interval to get the expected transmission distance. The calculation formula for the expected transmission distance after gain is as follows:
[0082]
[0083] Where Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point; d is the grid spacing.
[0084] For a narrowband base station, the area where the first grid that satisfies a preset relationship is located is calculated as the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station; the preset relationship is as follows:
[0085]
[0086] Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point.
[0087] S2. Obtain terrain data information of the target area.
[0088] S3. Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information.
[0089] S4. Starting from the center of the target area, arrange narrowband base stations.
[0090] S5. Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution. The best selection condition may be the least number of narrowband base stations or a condition specified by the user.
[0091] This method calculates the gain of altitude and ground cover on signal transmission distance, thereby reducing the overlap of coverage between narrowband base stations, improving the utilization efficiency of narrowband base stations, and reducing interference between narrowband base stations; the minimum value of the transmission distance of each narrowband base station in each direction is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station to avoid blank areas where signals are missing in the narrowband base station network, ensuring that the narrowband base station can cover the target area. This method has clear logic, simple method, fast implementation, and can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
[0092] Example 2
[0093] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a narrowband base station arrangement method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0094] S1. Select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map.
[0095] Divide the map into grids and determine the area where the grids that meet the preset conditions are located as the target area.
[0096] Reference Figure 2 Considering that different terrain environments have different effects on the coverage of narrowband signals, this embodiment mainly considers the effects of two terrain factors, which are specifically described as follows:
[0097] 1. Influence of altitude: It is believed that sending from high to low will result in a long transmission distance, while sending from low to high will result in a short transmission distance.
[0098] 2. Influence of ground cover: It is believed that among common ground, concrete ground, rivers, and grasslands have lower impact on signal transmission, while trees and buildings have higher impact on signal transmission.
[0099] Therefore, two influencing factor equations can be introduced for the above two influencing terrain factors:
[0100] The gain effect of altitude on transmission distance can be found in the following equation:
[0101] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0102] Among them, δh is the altitude difference between the signal transmission point and the signal reception point; l is the actual signal propagation distance; r is the horizontal signal propagation distance, and α is the attenuation proportional factor, which can be adjusted by the user.
[0103] The effect of ground cover on transmission distance gain can be found in the following equation:
[0104] g(x,y)=q
[0105] Where (x, y) is the coordinate of the location of the ground cover; q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y). The value of q is [0, 1] and is defined by the user according to the ground cover conditions.
[0106] The above two influencing factor equations are introduced only as symbols to illustrate the existence of influencing factors. In actual use, they can be adjusted by the user according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, their role is mainly to affect the coverage radius. The influencing equation can be defined as:
[0107] Rp=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0108] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; R is the transmission distance, f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0109] The above equation can be simplified to:
[0110]
[0111] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain, R is the transmission distance, and λ is the gain of the transmission distance.
[0112] Reference Figure 3 In actual application, the terrain within the coverage radius is unlikely to be the same cover, and rarely the same height. Therefore, the transmission distance needs to be discretized according to the grid interval d and λ. In this way, during the transmission process, you only need to add the gains on the passed grids and multiply them by the interval to get the expected transmission distance. The calculation formula for the expected transmission distance after gain is as follows:
[0113]
[0114] Where Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point; d is the grid spacing.
[0115] For a narrowband base station, the area where the first grid that satisfies a preset relationship is located is calculated as the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station; the preset relationship is as follows:
[0116]
[0117] Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point.
[0118] S2. Obtain terrain data information of the target area. The terrain data information includes altitude information and surface cover information of the target area.
[0119] S3. Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information.
[0120] For different terrain areas, their shapes can be considered as connected polygonal areas. The following methods can be used to determine the center of the target area: (1) select the center of the polygonal bounding box; (2) select the distance to each side of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the inscribed circle of the polygon); (3) select the distance to each vertex of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the circumscribed circle of the polygon). Users can also interactively select the center of the area that meets certain conditions based on the calculated terrain area center. For example, select the location of the engineering vehicle.
[0121] S4. Starting from the center of the target area, arrange narrowband base stations.
[0122] S5. Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution. The best selection condition may be the least number of narrowband base stations or a condition specified by the user.
[0123] This method calculates the gain of altitude and ground cover on signal transmission distance, thereby reducing the overlap of coverage between narrowband base stations, improving the utilization efficiency of narrowband base stations, and reducing interference between narrowband base stations; the minimum value of the transmission distance of each narrowband base station in each direction is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station to avoid blank areas where signals are missing in the narrowband base station network, ensuring that the narrowband base station can cover the target area. This method has clear logic, simple method, fast implementation, and can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
[0124] Example 3
[0125] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a narrowband base station arrangement method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0126] S1. Select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map.
[0127] Divide the map into grids and determine the area where the grids that meet the preset conditions are located as the target area.
[0128] Reference Figure 2 Considering that different terrain environments have different effects on the coverage of narrowband signals, this embodiment mainly considers the effects of two terrain factors, which are specifically described as follows:
[0129] 1. Influence of altitude: It is believed that sending from high to low will result in a long transmission distance, while sending from low to high will result in a short transmission distance.
[0130] 2. Influence of ground cover: It is believed that among common ground, concrete ground, rivers, and grasslands have lower impact on signal transmission, while trees and buildings have higher impact on signal transmission.
[0131] Therefore, two influencing factor equations can be introduced for the above two influencing terrain factors:
[0132] The gain effect of altitude on transmission distance can be found in the following equation:
[0133] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0134] Among them, δh is the altitude difference between the signal transmission point and the signal reception point; l is the actual signal propagation distance; r is the horizontal signal propagation distance, and α is the attenuation proportional factor, which can be adjusted by the user.
[0135] The effect of ground cover on transmission distance gain can be found in the following equation:
[0136] g(x,y)=q
[0137] Where (x, y) is the coordinate of the location of the ground cover; q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y). The value of q is [0, 1] and is defined by the user according to the ground cover conditions.
[0138] The above two influencing factor equations are introduced only as symbols to illustrate the existence of influencing factors. In actual use, they can be adjusted by the user according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, their role is mainly to affect the coverage radius. The influencing equation can be defined as:
[0139] Rp=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0140] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; R is the transmission distance, f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0141] The above equation can be simplified to:
[0142] R p =R*λ
[0143] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain, R is the transmission distance, and λ is the gain of the transmission distance.
[0144] Reference Figure 3In actual application, the terrain within the coverage radius is unlikely to be the same cover, and rarely the same height. Therefore, the transmission distance needs to be discretized according to the grid interval d and λ. In this way, during the transmission process, you only need to add the gains on the passed grids and multiply them by the interval to get the expected transmission distance. The calculation formula for the expected transmission distance after gain is as follows:
[0145]
[0146] Where Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point; d is the grid spacing.
[0147] For a narrowband base station, the area where the first grid that satisfies a preset relationship is located is calculated as the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station; the preset relationship is as follows:
[0148]
[0149] Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point.
[0150] S2. Obtain terrain data information of the target area. The terrain data information includes altitude information and surface cover information of the target area.
[0151] S3. Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information.
[0152] For different terrain areas, their shapes can be considered as connected polygonal areas. The following methods can be used to determine the center of the target area: (1) select the center of the polygonal bounding box; (2) select the distance to each side of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the inscribed circle of the polygon); (3) select the distance to each vertex of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the circumscribed circle of the polygon). Users can also interactively select the center of the area that meets certain conditions based on the calculated terrain area center. For example, select the location of the engineering vehicle.
[0153] S4. Starting from the center of the target area, arrange narrowband base stations.
[0154] Reference Figure 4 , step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
[0155] S41. Establish a coordinate system with the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system, the current scanning angle direction as the X direction, and the vertical direction of the X direction as the Y direction, and arrange the narrowband base stations in the coordinate system.
[0156] Reference Figure 5, let the effective coverage radius of the narrowband signal of the narrowband base station be \(R\), and the communication distance between narrowband base stations be \(D\). Since the communication distance \(D\) and \(R\) restrict each other, only one radius is considered. For example, the following method can be used: if \(2R < D\), the effective coverage radius is set to \(R\); otherwise, it is set to \(0.5D\).
[0157] It can be known that the distance between two adjacent narrowband base stations is \(R'\), and the centers of three closely adjacent narrowband base stations can form an equilateral triangle with side length \(R'\). To ensure that the entire equilateral triangle is fully covered by the signal, the circle with the signal coverage radius needs to pass through the center of the equilateral triangle. Therefore, the side length of this equilateral triangle is
[0158] Therefore, in the coordinate system \(C\), the point distance in the \(X\) direction is The line distance in the \(Y\) direction is \(1.5R\). Based on this, narrowband base stations can be arranged throughout the terrain area.
[0159] S42. Calculate the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and surface coverage information of the target area.
[0160] S43. Adjust the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station.
[0161] S44. Adjust the positions of each narrowband base station according to the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
[0162] S5. Statistically analyze the results of scanning in each azimuth angle and select the optimal solution. This optimal selection condition can be the least number of narrowband base station arrangements or conditions specified by the user.
[0163] This method calculates the gain of altitude and surface coverage on the signal transmission distance, thereby reducing the overlap of coverage ranges between narrowband base stations, improving the utilization efficiency of narrowband base stations, and reducing interference between narrowband base stations; selects the minimum value of the transmission distance in each direction of each narrowband base station as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station, avoiding blank areas with signal loss in the narrowband base station network, and ensuring that narrowband base stations can cover the target area. This method has clear logic, simple method, fast implementation, and can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
[0164] Embodiment 4
[0165] Refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment provides a method for arranging narrowband base stations, and this method includes the following steps:
[0166] S1. Select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on the map.
[0167] Divide the map into grids and determine the area where the grids that meet the preset conditions are located as the target area.
[0168] Reference Figure 2 Considering that different terrain environments have different effects on the coverage of narrowband signals, this embodiment mainly considers the effects of two terrain factors, which are specifically described as follows:
[0169] 1. Influence of altitude: It is believed that sending from high to low will result in a long transmission distance, while sending from low to high will result in a short transmission distance.
[0170] 2. Influence of ground cover: It is believed that among common ground, concrete ground, rivers, and grasslands have lower impact on signal transmission, while trees and buildings have higher impact on signal transmission.
[0171] Therefore, two influencing factor equations can be introduced for the above two influencing terrain factors:
[0172] The gain effect of altitude on transmission distance can be found in the following equation:
[0173] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0174] Among them, δh is the altitude difference between the signal transmission point and the signal reception point; l is the actual signal propagation distance; r is the horizontal signal propagation distance, and α is the attenuation proportional factor, which can be adjusted by the user.
[0175] The effect of ground cover on transmission distance gain can be found in the following equation:
[0176] g(x,y)=q
[0177] Where (x, y) is the coordinate of the location of the ground cover; q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y). The value of q is [0, 1] and is defined by the user according to the ground cover conditions.
[0178] The above two influencing factor equations are introduced only as symbols to illustrate the existence of influencing factors. In actual use, they can be adjusted by the user according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, their role is mainly to affect the coverage radius. The influencing equation can be defined as:
[0179] Rp=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0180] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; R is the transmission distance, f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0181] The above equation can be simplified to:
[0182] Rp =R*λ
[0183] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain, R is the transmission distance, and λ is the gain of the transmission distance.
[0184] Reference Figure 3 In actual application, the terrain within the coverage radius is unlikely to be the same cover, and rarely the same height. Therefore, the transmission distance needs to be discretized according to the grid interval d and λ. In this way, during the transmission process, you only need to add the gains on the passed grids and multiply them by the interval to get the expected transmission distance. The calculation formula for the expected transmission distance after gain is as follows:
[0185]
[0186] Where Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point; d is the grid spacing.
[0187] For a narrowband base station, the area where the first grid that satisfies a preset relationship is located is calculated as the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station; the preset relationship is as follows:
[0188]
[0189] Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point.
[0190] S2. Obtain terrain data information of the target area. The terrain data information includes altitude information and surface cover information of the target area.
[0191] S3. Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information.
[0192] For different terrain areas, their shapes can be considered as connected polygonal areas. The following methods can be used to determine the center of the target area: (1) select the center of the polygonal bounding box; (2) select the distance to each side of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the inscribed circle of the polygon); (3) select the distance to each vertex of the polygon to be equal (i.e., approximately the center of the circumscribed circle of the polygon). Users can also interactively select the center of the area that meets certain conditions based on the calculated terrain area center. For example, select the location of the engineering vehicle.
[0193] S4. Starting from the center of the target area, arrange narrowband base stations.
[0194] Reference Figure 4 , step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
[0195] S41. Set the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system, the current scanning angle direction as the X direction, and the direction perpendicular to the X direction as the Y direction to establish a coordinate system, and arrange narrowband base stations in the coordinate system.
[0196] Refer to Figure 5 , let the effective coverage radius of the narrowband signal of the narrowband base station be R, and the communication distance between narrowband base stations be D. Since this communication distance D and R restrict each other, only one radius is considered. For example, the following method can be used: if 2*R < D, the effective coverage radius is set to R, otherwise it is set to 0.5*D.
[0197] It can be known that the distance between two adjacent narrowband base stations is R’, and the centers of three closely adjacent narrowband base stations can form an equilateral triangle with a side length of R’. To make the entire equilateral triangle be fully covered by the signal, the circle with the signal coverage radius needs to pass through the center of the equilateral triangle. Therefore, the side length of this equilateral triangle is
[0198] Therefore, in the coordinate system C, the point distance in the X direction is The line distance in the Y direction is 1.5*R. Based on this, the narrowband base stations can cover the entire terrain area.
[0199] S42. Calculate the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and surface coverage information of the target area.
[0200] Refer to Figure 6 , in this embodiment, eight directions around each narrowband base station: due north, due south, due east, due west, northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest are taken as examples for illustration. Calculate the transmission distance after gain in the eight directions of each narrowband base station according to the following calculation formula:
[0201] R p = R*f(δh)*g(x, y)
[0202] Among them, R p is the transmission distance after gain in a certain direction of the narrowband base station; f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface coverage.
[0203] The gain caused by altitude is calculated by the following calculation formula:
[0204] f(δh) = α*l / r
[0205] Among them, α is the attenuation ratio factor; l is the actual propagation distance of the signal; r is the horizontal propagation distance of the signal.
[0206] The gain caused by surface coverage is calculated by the following calculation formula:
[0207] g(x, y) = q
[0208] Where (x, y) is the coordinate point where the ground cover is located, and q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y).
[0209] S43. Adjust the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station.
[0210] S44. Adjust the position of each narrowband base station according to the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
[0211] S5. Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution. The best selection condition may be the least number of narrowband base stations or a condition specified by the user.
[0212] This method calculates the gain of altitude and ground cover on signal transmission distance, thereby reducing the overlap of coverage between narrowband base stations, improving the utilization efficiency of narrowband base stations, and reducing interference between narrowband base stations; the minimum value of the transmission distance of each narrowband base station in each direction is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station to avoid blank areas where signals are missing in the narrowband base station network, ensuring that the narrowband base station can cover the target area. This method has clear logic, simple method, fast implementation, and can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
[0213] Example 5
[0214] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment provides a narrowband base station arrangement method, the method comprising the following steps:
[0215] S1. Select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map.
[0216] Divide the map into grids and determine the area where the grids that meet the preset conditions are located as the target area.
[0217] Reference Figure 2 Considering that different terrain environments have different effects on the coverage of narrowband signals, this embodiment mainly considers the effects of two terrain factors, which are specifically described as follows:
[0218] 1. Influence of altitude: It is believed that sending from high to low will result in a long transmission distance, while sending from low to high will result in a short transmission distance.
[0219] 2. Influence of ground cover: It is believed that among common ground, concrete ground, rivers, and grasslands have lower impact on signal transmission, while trees and buildings have higher impact on signal transmission.
[0220] Therefore, two influencing factor equations can be introduced for the above two influencing terrain factors:
[0221] The gain effect of altitude on transmission distance can be found in the following equation:
[0222] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0223] Among them, δh is the altitude difference between the signal transmission point and the signal reception point; l is the actual signal propagation distance; r is the horizontal signal propagation distance, and α is the attenuation proportional factor, which can be adjusted by the user.
[0224] The effect of ground cover on transmission distance gain can be found in the following equation:
[0225] g(x,y)=q
[0226] Where (x, y) is the coordinate of the location of the ground cover; q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y). The value of q is [0, 1] and is defined by the user according to the ground cover conditions.
[0227] The above two influencing factor equations are introduced only as symbols to illustrate the existence of influencing factors. In actual use, they can be adjusted by the user according to actual conditions. In this embodiment, their role is mainly to affect the coverage radius. The influencing equation can be defined as:
[0228] Rp=R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0229] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; R is the transmission distance, f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0230] The above equation can be simplified to:
[0231] R p =R*λ
[0232] Among them, Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain, R is the transmission distance, and λ is the gain of the transmission distance.
[0233] Reference Figure 3 In actual application, the terrain within the coverage radius is unlikely to be the same cover, and rarely the same height. Therefore, the transmission distance needs to be discretized according to the grid interval d and λ. In this way, during the transmission process, you only need to add the gains on the passed grids and multiply them by the interval to get the expected transmission distance. The calculation formula for the expected transmission distance after gain is as follows:
[0234]
[0235] Where Rp is the expected transmission distance after gain; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point; d is the grid spacing.
[0236] For a narrowband base station, the area where the first grid that satisfies the preset relational expression is located is calculated as the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station; the preset relational expression is as follows:
[0237]
[0238] where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid point.
[0239] S2. Obtain the terrain data information of the target area. The terrain data information includes the altitude information and surface cover information of the target area.
[0240] S3. Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information.
[0241] For different terrain areas, their shapes can be considered as a connected polygon area. The following methods can be used to determine the center of the target area: (1) Select the center of the polygon bounding box; (2) Select the point with equal distances to each side of the polygon (i.e., approximately the incenter of the polygon); (3) Select the point with equal distances to each vertex of the polygon (i.e., approximately the circumcenter of the polygon), etc. Users can also, on the basis of calculating the center of the terrain area, interactively select a regional center that meets certain conditions. For example, select the location where the engineering vehicle is located.
[0242] S4. Start arranging narrowband base stations from the center of the target area.
[0243] Refer to Figure 4 , step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
[0244] S41. Take the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system, the current scanning angle direction as the X direction, and the vertical direction of the X direction as the Y direction to establish a coordinate system, and arrange narrowband base stations in the coordinate system.
[0245] Refer to Figure 5 , let the effective coverage radius of the narrowband signal of the narrowband base station be R, and the communication distance between narrowband base stations be D. Since this communication distance D and R restrict each other, only one radius is considered. For example, the following method can be used: If 2*R < D, the effective coverage radius is set to R, otherwise it is set to 0.5*D.
[0246] It can be known that the distance between two adjacent narrowband base stations is R', and the centers of three closely adjacent narrowband base stations can form an equilateral triangle with a side length of R'. To make the entire equilateral triangle be fully covered by the signal, the circle with the signal coverage radius needs to pass through the center of the equilateral triangle. Therefore, the side length of this equilateral triangle is
[0247] Reference Figure 7 , therefore, in the coordinate system C, the point distance in the X direction is The line spacing in the Y direction is 1.5*R. Based on this, narrowband base stations can be distributed throughout the terrain area.
[0248] S42. Calculate the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and surface cover information of the target area.
[0249] Reference Figure 6 In this embodiment, eight directions around each narrowband base station are used as examples: due north, due south, due east, due west, northeast, southeast, northwest and southwest. The transmission distance after gain in the eight directions of each narrowband base station is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
[0250] R p =R*f(δh)*g(x,y)
[0251] Among them, R p is the transmission distance of the narrowband base station after gain in a certain direction; f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
[0252] The gain due to altitude is calculated using the following formula:
[0253] f(δh)=α*l / r
[0254] Among them, α is the attenuation proportional factor; l is the actual propagation distance of the signal; r is the horizontal propagation distance of the signal.
[0255] The gain due to ground cover is calculated using the following formula:
[0256] g(x,y)=q
[0257] Where (x, y) is the coordinate point where the ground cover is located, and q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y).
[0258] S43. Adjust the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station.
[0259] S44. Adjust the position of each narrowband base station according to the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
[0260] Reference Figure 7 , all narrowband base station locations are connected through triangular meshes, so adjusting the narrowband base station location is to adjust the vertices of the triangle. The entire adjustment process can be performed using a diffusion method. Taking the six triangles formed by the triangle vertex at the origin of the coordinate system C and its neighboring vertices as an example, it is described as follows:
[0261] Reference Figure 8 and 9 , let the vertex at the origin of the coordinate system C be o, and the vertices of the sides of its adjacent triangles are p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6 in clockwise direction. Then the neighbor triangles are op1p2, op2p3, op3p4, op4p5, op5p6, op6p1 respectively.
[0262] Taking point o as the starting point of adjustment, according to the adjusted coverage radius ro, the lengths of the edges op1, op2, op3, op4, op5, and op6 need to be adjusted due to the adjustment of the coverage radius at point o. Take the strategy of keeping the two-dimensional projection direction unchanged and adjust each vertex to the new position. Similarly, the adjacent vertices of vertices p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, and p6 can be readjusted in turn in a diffusion manner. It should be noted that this vertex adjustment needs to be in the order of diffusion, that is, p1 moves closer to o, not o moves closer to p1. Similarly, only the vertices calculated later are adjusted. After one adjustment, the coverage radius no longer decreases and the iteration can be ended, so it can be adjusted to the appropriate position through multiple iterations.
[0263] S5. Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution. The best selection condition may be the least number of narrowband base stations or a condition specified by the user.
[0264] This method calculates the gain of altitude and ground cover on signal transmission distance, thereby reducing the overlap of coverage between narrowband base stations, improving the utilization efficiency of narrowband base stations, and reducing interference between narrowband base stations; the minimum value of the transmission distance of each narrowband base station in each direction is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station to avoid blank areas where signals are missing in the narrowband base station network, ensuring that the narrowband base station can cover the target area. This method has clear logic, simple method, fast implementation, and can improve the efficiency of narrowband communication.
[0265] In a second aspect, this embodiment provides a narrowband base station arrangement device, including:
[0266] A target area selection unit, which is used to select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map;
[0267] A terrain data information acquisition unit, which is used to acquire terrain data information of a target area;
[0268] A target area center determination unit, which is used to determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information;
[0269] A narrowband base station arranging unit, which is used to arrange narrowband base stations starting from the center of the target area;
[0270] The scheme selection unit is used to count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best scheme.
[0271] In a third aspect, this embodiment provides a storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the method of the first aspect is implemented.
[0272] In a fourth aspect, this embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory and a processor communicatively connected to the memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method of the first aspect is implemented.
[0273] In a fifth aspect, this embodiment provides a narrowband base station deployment system, characterized in that it includes: the electronic device as in the fourth aspect.
[0274] The various embodiments in the present disclosure are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
[0275] The protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. If these changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the intention of the present disclosure also includes these changes and modifications.
Claims
1. A narrowband base station deployment method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Select the target area for arranging narrowband base stations on the map; Acquiring terrain data information of the target area; Determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information; Starting from the center of the target area, arranging narrowband base stations; Count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best solution.
2. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selecting a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map includes: dividing the map into grids, and determining an area where a grid that meets a preset condition is located as the target area.
3. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preset conditions are: When all grids in the map are traversed in order, the first grid that satisfies the preset relationship is determined as the grid that satisfies the preset condition; The preset relationship is as follows: Where R is the transmission distance; d is the grid spacing; λ i is the transmission distance gain of the i-th grid; The area where the first grid that satisfies the preset relationship is located is the maximum coverage grid position of the narrowband base station.
4. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain data information of the target area includes: Altitude information and ground cover information of the target area.
5. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of arranging narrowband base stations starting from the center of the terrain area includes: Establishing a coordinate system with the center of the target area as the origin of the coordinate system, the current scanning angle direction as the X direction, and the vertical direction of the X direction as the Y direction, and arranging the narrowband base stations in the coordinate system; Calculate the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and surface cover information of the target area; Adjusting the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station; The position of each narrowband base station is adjusted according to the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
6. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arranging the narrowband base stations in the coordinate system includes: by is the distance between adjacent narrowband base stations in the X direction, 1.5*R a is the distance between the adjacent narrowband base stations in the Y direction, and the narrowband base stations are spread over the target area; wherein R a It is the effective coverage radius of narrowband signal.
7. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The calculation of the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station according to the altitude information and the surface cover information of the target area; The transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station is calculated according to the following formula: R p =R*f(δh)*g(x,y) Among them, R p is the transmission distance of the narrowband base station after gain in a certain direction; f(δh) is the gain caused by altitude; g(x, y) is the gain caused by surface cover.
8. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gain due to altitude is calculated using the following formula: f(δh)=α*l / r Among them, α is the attenuation proportional factor; l is the actual propagation distance of the signal; r is the horizontal propagation distance of the signal.
9. The narrowband base station arrangement method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gain due to ground cover is calculated using the following formula: g(x,y)=q Where (x, y) is the coordinate point where the ground cover is located, and q is the signal attenuation factor at the location (x, y).
10. The narrowband base station deployment method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjusting the coverage radius of each narrowband base station according to the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station includes: The minimum value of the transmission distance after gain in each direction of each narrowband base station is selected as the coverage radius of each narrowband base station.
11. A narrowband base station arrangement device, characterized in that: include: A target area selection unit, which is used to select a target area for arranging narrowband base stations on a map; A terrain data information acquisition unit, which is used to acquire terrain data information of the target area; a target area center determination unit, configured to determine the center of the target area according to the terrain data information; A narrowband base station arranging unit, configured to arrange narrowband base stations starting from the center of the target area; The scheme selection unit is used to count the results of scanning at each azimuth angle and select the best scheme.
12. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium stores a computer program, which implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 when executed.
13. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a memory and a processor communicatively connected to the memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is implemented.
14. A narrowband base station deployment system, characterized in that: include: The electronic device as claimed in claim 13.