Method for breaking dormancy of mid-late-maturing peach seeds and sowing and seedling raising

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breaking dormancy of mid-late-maturing peach seeds and sowing and seedling raising, and belongs to the technical field of seed seedling raising. The invention provides a method for breaking dormancy of mid-late-maturing peach seeds, which comprises the following steps: picking fruits, removing pulp, soaking kernels in water for a period of time, disinfecting, breaking shells, mixing with a humidity-controllable matrix, and refrigerating under a semi-sealed condition, so that sprouting is early, radicles are long, and the refrigerating efficiency and the emergence rate are improved. According to the method, the refrigerated seeds with radicle length larger than or equal to 1 cm are sown, the occurrence proportion of seedling diseases and insect pests is low, seedling emergence is subjected to short-term culture in a culture box till rhizomes are lignified, the seedling death rate in the seedling stage can be effectively reduced, the budding rate can reach 90% or above in the current year, the budding rate is greatly increased, the planting cost is reduced, and economic benefits are increased; particularly, the requirements of scientific research and production can be met, the problems of low germination rate and low seedling rate of peach seeds in scientific research and production are solved, and the effect is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seed seedling cultivation, and in particular relates to a method for breaking the dormancy of mid- and late-ripening peach seeds and sowing and seedling cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Peach breeding is a complex, labor-intensive and costly task. The traditional method is to store peach pits in the sand in the field, break dormancy with natural low temperatures, and automatically crack the pits to obtain germinated seeds. The advantage is that it is simple and easy to operate, but the disadvantage is that some seeds cannot crack, causing seeds to rot, with a high rot rate and a low seed germination rate; and workers need to dig trenches in the field and purchase materials such as yellow sand. Some people also use peat as a sand storage matrix and use cold storage to store peach pits in the sand, but there are also problems such as high peat usage and large sand storage containers.

[0003] Later, a large number of improved sand storage schemes were developed, such as direct sand storage of shelled seeds; and when storing in the sand, the humidity of the substrate, such as sand, peat, vermiculite, perlite, etc., is often roughly judged by the looseness of the substrate after holding it by hand, which has poor repeatability and low seed germination rate. Some people also put the seeds in a culture dish covered with wet gauze after disinfection for refrigeration and moisture retention, but the operation is complicated, the gauze and culture dish are expensive, and the humidity is difficult to control. If you are not careful, it will cause excessive humidity and a large number of seeds will rot. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a method for breaking the dormancy of mid-late-ripening peach seeds and sowing and raising seedlings, which can ensure the consistency and operability of substrate moisture and simplify the operation; and the germination time after sowing is consistent and the germination rate is high.

[0005] The invention provides a method for breaking the dormancy of mid-late ripening peach seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) picking the fruits of mid-late ripening peaches, removing the pulp and collecting the pits;

[0007] (2) Soak the kernel in water for 2 to 3 days, break open the kernel, take out the seeds, and disinfect them;

[0008] (3) After the sterilized seeds are mixed with the matrix, they are semi-sealed and refrigerated at 4° C. for 60 to 70 days; the humidity of the matrix is ​​1% to 25%.

[0009] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the maturity of the fruit in step (1) is 7 to 8 mature, and the fruit has changed color but has not become soft.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the soaking in step (2) is performed by flushing and changing the water every day.

[0011] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the substrate in step (3) comprises sphagnum moss.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the semi-sealing in step (3) includes mixing the matrix and the sterilized seeds and placing them in a ziplock bag with the zipper halfway closed.

[0013] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ziplock bag comprises 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 volume of the matrix.

[0014] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration in step (3) begins in September.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for raising seedlings of mid-late-ripening peaches, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting seeds having a radicle length of not less than 1 cm from seeds that have broken dormancy using the above method for sowing;

[0016] (2) During the germination culture period, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 15-25°C and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 10°C;

[0017] (3) Transplanting and field planting are carried out from mid-March to early April of the following year.

[0018] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sowing time in step (1) is December.

[0019] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sowing substrate in step (1) comprises a mixed substrate of peat and vermiculite.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for breaking the dormancy of mid- and late-ripening peach seeds. First, the pulp is removed after the fruit is picked, and the core is disinfected after being soaked in water for a period of time. Then, the core is broken and mixed with a matrix with controllable humidity, and then refrigerated under semi-sealed conditions. The sand storage operation can be simplified, and the dormancy breaking operation of a large number of peach seeds can be completed in a small space at the same time. The seeds germinate early and have long radicles, which helps to improve the refrigeration efficiency and the emergence rate.

[0021] The present invention sows seeds with radicle length of ≥1 cm after refrigeration, has a low incidence rate of seedling diseases and insect pests, and can effectively reduce the seedling mortality rate by short-term cultivation in a culture box until the rhizomes are lignified after germination. Compared with the traditional sowing method with low germination rate or even germination every other year, the germination rate of the present invention can reach more than 90% in the same year, greatly improving the germination rate, reducing the planting cost, and improving the economic benefit. In particular, the requirements of scientific research and breeding can be met, and the problems of low germination rate and low seedling rate of peach seeds in the breeding link are solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 For refrigerated chain ziplock bags and matrix diagram ;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a picture of germination and result when sphagnum moss is used as cold storage medium;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a picture of the germination results using peat as the cold storage substrate;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a picture of the germination results after sowing the seeds that were refrigerated with sphagnum moss as the substrate;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the growth results of seeds after germination that were refrigerated using sphagnum moss as the substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The invention provides a method for breaking the dormancy of mid-late ripening peach seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) picking the fruits of mid-late ripening peaches, removing the pulp and collecting the pits;

[0029] (2) Soak the kernel in water for 2 to 3 days, break open the kernel, take out the seeds, and disinfect them;

[0030] (3) After the sterilized seeds are mixed with the matrix, they are semi-sealed and refrigerated at 4° C. for 60 to 70 days; the humidity of the matrix is ​​1% to 25%.

[0031] The method of the present invention is applicable to the Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai regions. The mid-late ripening peaches of the present invention mature after July 1, and the peach seeds can be hybrid fruit seeds or seedling seeds.

[0032] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the maturity of the fruit is 7-8 mature, and the fruit has changed color but has not become soft. When removing the pulp, the pulp of the fruit is cut off as cleanly as possible, the seed core is spread indoors for drying, scrubbed every day, and detergent is added. Scrubbing on a mesh basket can better remove the pulp. After washing for a week, the pulp can be basically cleaned, placed in the shade indoors and stored in a mesh bag. If the storage time is long, it can be placed in a refrigerator to prevent the seed kernel from being eaten by insects.

[0033] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the seed core is immersed in clean water for 2 to 3 days, and the water is rinsed and changed every day. Then, the seed core is broken, such as using shell-breaking forceps to cut from the bottom of the seed along the suture line of the seed core to take out the seed; then the seeds are disinfected, such as in one embodiment, soaking the seeds in 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim for 1 hour.

[0034] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sterilized seeds are mixed with a substrate, and the substrate can be sphagnum moss. The sphagnum moss referred to in the present invention is a natural moss belonging to the family of bryophytes, also known as peat moss. The texture of sphagnum moss is very soft, and has the advantages of light weight, cleanliness, good ventilation performance, strong water absorption, long water retention time, excellent water retention performance, long service life and good regeneration. The present invention uses sphagnum moss and seeds for mixing and refrigeration, which has the advantages of light weight, low cost, high seed germination rate, and uniform germination. Determining the ratio of dry sphagnum moss to water can ensure the consistency and operability of the humidity of the sand storage substrate. When using sphagnum moss, the present invention is specifically implemented, and the sphagnum moss is washed and dried for standby use. For example, in one embodiment, an M-size sliding lock ziplock bag (length 17.25cm×width 20cm×thickness 0.66mm) is selected, and 23g of dry sphagnum moss is used for each bag for preparation, and the mixture is stirred according to the ratio of water / sphagnum moss 4:1, and the substrate humidity is 1% to 25%, such as 13.80%. It is confirmed by the embodiment that at this humidity, the seed decay rate is low, about 2%; the germination rate can reach more than 80%; the radicle grows faster, and the refrigeration time is shortened, and the seed germination ratio is increased. The volume of each M-size ziplock bag sphagnum moss bag is about 2 / 3 to 3 / 4, and about 100 seeds can be held. After the sphagnum moss and seeds are mixed in the ziplock bag, the zipper of the slide rope can be pulled halfway to prevent excessive humidity after all the bags are sealed.

[0035] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the sand storage process is started in September, and the seeds are placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for about 60 to 70 days before checking the seed germination. In the embodiment of the present invention, the seeds are sown in batches in September, and after 70 days of cold storage, the seeds can be sown after germination in about December. If the cold storage time is started earlier and the emergence time is earlier, the seedling management cycle will be increased, thereby increasing the labor cost. If the cold storage time is too late, the seedling growth cycle is shorter, and the sowing and germination are during the Spring Festival. At this time, the outside temperature in Shanghai is low, and there are many rainy days, which easily causes the internal temperature of the facility shed to be low, the germination time is too long, and the seed rot mortality rate increases, which is not conducive to the growth and management of the seedlings. Therefore, the seeds stored in the sand from September are more likely to cultivate strong seedlings, and the seedling diseases and insect pests in the environment at this time are less, and they are easy to manage.

[0036] The present invention also provides a method for raising seedlings of mid-late-ripening peaches, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting seeds having a radicle length of not less than 1 cm from seeds that have broken dormancy using the above method for sowing;

[0037] (2) During the germination culture period, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 15-25°C and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 10°C;

[0038] (3) Transplanting and field planting are carried out from mid-March to early April of the following year.

[0039] In one specific embodiment of the present invention, sowing is carried out in batches in December, and those that have not germinated or have germinated short radicles can continue to be refrigerated. The present invention selects seeds with radicle length ≥ 1 cm for sowing. If the embryo is too short, it is easy to cause rot and other problems if the radicle is too long after sowing. If the radicle is too long, it is easy to be broken during seed transfer and transplanting. In one embodiment of the present invention, the seeds are sown in nutrient pots, and the seedling nutrient pots can be selected from the following specifications: long upper mouth width 7×7cm, lower mouth 5×5cm, height 8cm; tray 54*28cm, depth 5cm; matrix ratio is volume ratio, peat: vermiculite 1:1, the matrix is ​​mixed with water and then loaded into the nutrient pot. When sowing, use tweezers or pencil to make a hole in the center of the nutrient pot, the depth is about 1 / 3 of the depth of the nutrient pot, and then cover it with 1-2 cm thick matrix after sowing. Water thoroughly with a watering can, but water cannot accumulate at the bottom. Cover the top of the nutrient pot with plastic wrap to keep it moist.

[0040] The present invention performs germination culture, also known as seedling culture, after seed sowing. In a specific embodiment, germination culture can be carried out in a greenhouse facility, and the internal daytime temperature is controlled to be 15-25°C, not exceeding 30°C, and the night temperature is not lower than 10°C through measures such as a heating system, a shade net, a fan, and a vent switch. The plastic wrap can be removed after the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves one week after sowing. As the seedlings grow, the use of Huaduoduo NPK 15 / 10 / 30800-1000 times liquid fertilizer and liquid earthworm fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer is used in combination, which is more conducive to improving the vitality of the root system and achieving the purpose of strengthening the seedlings. If the Huaduoduo solution is more than 500 times, it is easy to cause seedling burn. Earthworm liquid fertilizer has a good effect on improving root vitality.

[0041] The present invention requires watering during the germination and cultivation stage. For example, in one embodiment, watering can be performed by adding water to a tray and soaking the nutrient pot. This watering can maintain the humidity of the soil for a long time, avoiding excessive labor and excessive soil humidity caused by frequent watering. In particular, the frequency of watering should be controlled during the cultivation process to reduce the occurrence of damping-off disease.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plants are transplanted out of the greenhouse to the field in mid-March to early April of the following year. If the transplanting is too late, the glass greenhouse is susceptible to spider mite attack due to the high temperature. The high temperature after transplanting is also likely to cause slow seedling growth.

[0043] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a method for breaking mid-late peach seed dormancy and sowing and raising seedlings provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] (1) Collection and preservation of seed nuclei

[0046] The hybrid combination is Zaoyoutao×Huyou019, and the hybridization is carried out in a greenhouse. Around July 20, 2023, the fruit is harvested at a maturity of 7-8, and the fruit has changed color but has not softened. Cut off the fruit flesh as cleanly as possible, spread the seed core indoors, scrub it every day, add detergent, and scrub it on a mesh basket to better remove the flesh. After washing for a week, the flesh can be basically removed, placed indoors in the shade and stored in a mesh bag. If it is stored for a long time, it can be placed in the refrigerator to prevent the seed kernel from being eaten by insects.

[0047] (2) Seed pretreatment. In September 2023, soak the seed core in clean water for 2 to 3 days, rinse and change the water every day, then use shell-breaking forceps to cut the seed core from the bottom along the suture line and take out the seed; soak the seeds in 500 times 50% carbendazim solution for 1 hour.

[0048] (3) Sand storage. Prepare the following substrates according to the substrate type and water / substrate values ​​in Table 1. Each M-size ziplock bag should have a volume of about 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the sphagnum moss bag, which can hold about 100 seeds. After the substrate and seeds are mixed in the ziplock bag, zip the zipper halfway. Refrigerate at 4°C for about 60 to 70 days and then check the seed germination.

[0049] Table 1 Effects of different substrate types and humidity on germination rate, radicle length and decay rate of peach hybrid seeds

[0050]

[0051] (4) Sowing. Investigate the germination rate, decay rate and radicle length, and select seeds with radicle length ≥ 1 cm for sowing. Sow in batches, and continue to cultivate those that have not germinated or have germinated short radicles. The seedling nutrient pot is 7*7cm wide at the top, 5*5cm at the bottom, and 8cm high. The tray is 54*28cm and 5cm deep. The substrate ratio is a volume ratio of peat: vermiculite 1:1. Mix the substrate with water and put it into the nutrient pot. When sowing, use tweezers or a pencil to make a hole in the center of the nutrient pot. The depth is about 1 / 3 of the depth of the hole in the nutrient pot. After sowing, cover it with 1-2cm thick substrate. Water thoroughly with a watering can, but do not allow water to accumulate at the bottom. Cover the top of the nutrient pot with plastic wrap to keep it moist.

[0052] (5) Seedling cultivation. Germination cultivation is carried out in a greenhouse. The internal daytime temperature is controlled at 15-25℃, not exceeding 30℃, and the night temperature is not lower than 10℃ through measures such as heating system, shade net, fan, vent switch, etc. The plastic wrap can be removed after the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves after one week. As the seedlings grow, use Huaduoduo NPK 15 / 10 / 30800-1000 times liquid fertilizer and liquid earthworm fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer in combination. Watering is done by soaking the nutrient pot in water in the tray. This watering can maintain the humidity of the soil for a long time and avoid frequent watering that causes excessive labor and excessive soil humidity. In the cultivation process, the frequency of watering should be controlled in particular to reduce the occurrence of damping-off disease. Move out of the greenhouse and plant in the field from mid-March to early April of the following year.

[0053] Test results such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown in Table 1, the humidity of perlite, peat, and vermiculite at saturation is 10.80%, 22.30%, and 26.90%, respectively, indicating that perlite has low water absorption, while peat and vermiculite have high water absorption. From the test data, it can be seen that as the humidity of perlite increases, germination first increases and then decreases, the decay rate increases, and the length of the radicle decreases, indicating that low humidity of peat is conducive to low elongation of the radicle, but is not conducive to low germination rate. With the increase of peat humidity, germination first increases and then decreases. The germination rate is as high as 80% at 17.50% humidity, but the germination rate decreases when it reaches 22.3%, but the radicle length is the longest at this time. The vermiculite treatment has a higher germination rate at a humidity of 15.60%, and the radicle length decreases as the humidity increases. The humidity of sphagnum moss is 13.80%, and the germination rate is 87.50% at this time, which is the highest, and the average length of the radicle is 0.81mm, which is relatively high. There are two external causes of seed rot: one is high substrate humidity, which causes seed rot, and the other is rot caused by poor embryo development. When the humidity is low, the rot rate is lower.

[0054] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breaking the dormancy of mid-late ripening peach seeds, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) picking the fruits of mid-late ripening peaches, removing the pulp and collecting the pits; (2) Soak the kernel in water for 2 to 3 days, break open the kernel, take out the seeds, and disinfect them; (3) After the sterilized seeds are mixed with the matrix, they are semi-sealed and refrigerated at 4° C. for 60 to 70 days; the humidity of the matrix is ​​1% to 25%.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maturity of the fruit in step (1) is 7 to 8 degrees mature, and the fruit has changed color but has not become soft.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the soaking in step (2), rinse and change the water every day.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate in step (3) includes sphagnum moss.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The semi-sealing in step (3) includes mixing the matrix and the sterilized seeds and placing them in a ziplock bag with the zipper halfway closed.

6. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ziplock bag contains 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 volume of the matrix.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refrigeration in step (3) begins in September.

8. A method for raising seedlings of mid-late ripe peaches, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting seeds having a radicle length of not less than 1 cm from seeds that have been broken from dormancy by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for sowing; (2) During the germination culture period, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 15-25°C and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 10°C; (3) Transplanting and field planting are carried out from mid-March to early April of the following year.

9. The seedling raising method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sowing time in step (1) is December.

10. The seedling raising method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sowing substrate in step (1) comprises a mixed substrate of peat and vermiculite.

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