Batch production method capable of optimizing sow delivery induction process and improving delivery concentration ratio

Abstract

The invention relates to a batch production method capable of optimizing the sow delivery induction process and improving the delivery concentration ratio. Comprising the following steps: S1, determining an expected date of confinement of a sow; s2, injecting cloprostenol sodium into the pudendum of the sow in the morning one day before the expected date of confinement; s3, performing intramuscular injection of carbetocin for the sows in the morning of the expected date of confinement. According to the method, potential adverse effects of childbirth induction are deeply studied, the optimal time and dosage for combined use of cloprostenol sodium and beioxytocin are determined, childbirth induction for batch production of sows is optimized, the childbirth time of the sows is concentrated in the working time of a pig farm, the labor efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of sow batch production, and in particular to a batch production method capable of optimizing the sow farrowing induction process and improving farrowing concentration. Background Art

[0002] Sow batch production technology is to divide sows into groups according to the production plan based on the size of the sow herd, supplement sows according to the production plan, and use biotechnology to achieve the purpose of synchronous estrus, synchronous breeding and synchronous farrowing of sows in the same batch. It is an efficient and controllable management technology system to improve the reproductive performance of sows.

[0003] Compared with the traditional continuous production mode, the sow batch production technology can truly realize the "all-in, all-out" of the pig farm, that is, the same batch of pigs are transferred in or out of the same pig house at the same time. This mode helps to reduce the risk of disease transmission and improve production efficiency and the health level of the pig herd. In the "all-in, all-out" pig farming mode, the pig house can be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, thereby reducing the possibility of disease transmission. In addition, the growth performance and feed utilization rate of the pig herd are also higher. The "all-in, all-out" pig farming model has always been the goal pursued by the pig farming industry. With the maturity of reproductive control technologies such as synchronous estrus, timed insemination, and synchronous delivery of sows, pig farming has gradually realized a new situation of industrialized development of batch production and assembly line management. Sow batch production helps to improve production efficiency, ensure a stable supply of pig farms, and reduce production costs to a certain extent.

[0004] Through precise control of the sow's reproductive cycle, production plans can be better planned, the number of sow non-productive days can be reduced, and production efficiency can be greatly improved. Sow batch production is an efficient and controllable technical system and management system, which involves major reproductive control technologies such as synchronized estrus, timed insemination, pregnancy diagnosis and synchronized delivery. Different pig farms can make appropriate choices based on actual conditions and needs, and form precise sow batch production with fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) technology as the core according to the type and number of control technologies used. With the expansion of the scale of my country's pig farming industry and the increase in the risk of epidemics faced by pig companies, more and more pig farms are adopting batch production to replace traditional continuous production. In batch production, the reproductive cycles of sows such as mating, pregnancy, delivery and weaning need to be synchronized to achieve the all-in / all-out batch mode.

[0005] However, due to various factors such as the sow's environmental conditions, parity, physiological state and genetic variation, the gestation period of sows may not be fixed, usually varying between 108 and 119 days. Even if sows are bred at the same time during estrus, their farrowing dates may differ. In addition, the farrowing process requires employees to strengthen their monitoring of sows and piglets and provide assistance when necessary, and most sows farrow at night, which greatly increases the workload of employees at night. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a batch production method that can optimize the sow's farrowing induction process and improve the farrowing concentration, regulate the sow's farrowing process by inducing farrowing, enhance the predictability of farrowing time, promote synchronous farrowing during working hours, and enable pig farms to systematically arrange employees' working hours, thereby improving employees' work efficiency and ultimately achieving precise batch management.

[0007] The present invention is achieved by: a batch production method capable of optimizing the sow farrowing induction process and improving farrowing concentration, comprising the following steps: S1 Determine the expected date of sow farrowing: Estimate the sow farrowing date based on the average gestation period of the sow as the expected date of farrowing; S2 On the morning of the day before the expected delivery date, cloprostenol sodium was injected into the sow's vulva at a dosage of 0.05 mg / head to 0.1 mg / head; S3 On the morning of the expected date of delivery, sows were given an intramuscular injection of carbetocin at a dosage of 35 μg / head to 70 μg / head.

[0008] Preferably, the time interval between step S3 and step S2 is 24 hours.

[0009] Preferably, the dosage of cloprostenol sodium in step S2 is 0.1 mg / head; and the dosage of carbetocin in step S3 is 35 μg / head.

[0010] Preferably, the time for injecting the sows in steps S2 and S3 is selected between 7:00 am and 8:00 am.

[0011] Parturition is a physiological process that triggers an inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. Prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators inhibit progesterone secretion, and the reduced secretion of progesterone hormones coordinates with the increase in estrogen levels to enhance uterine contractions, cervical softening, and amniotic membrane rupture mediated by oxytocin and prostaglandins, ultimately inducing parturition. One of the most commonly used hormones to induce parturition in sows in pig production is prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) or its analogs. However, although the application of PGF2α has been widely reported, the optimal time and dose of PGF2α remain unclear. In addition, PGF2α products have been used together with oxytocin or carbetocin to promote parturition, which can shorten the time to initiation of parturition. However, oxytocin and carbetocin may increase the risk of dystocia and stillbirth in sows and piglets.

[0012] The present invention optimizes the use of exogenous hormones in the sow farrowing induction process, analyzes and studies the adverse effects that may be caused in the farrowing process of the sow, such as the farrowing concentration, stillbirth rate and colostrum composition during working hours, and finally further optimizes the farrowing induction technology for batch production of sows. The present invention determines the optimal time and dosage of the combined use of cloprostenol sodium and benomyl, realizes the optimization of farrowing induction for batch production of sows, concentrates the farrowing time of sows during the working hours of the pig farm, improves labor efficiency, and reduces labor intensity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a statistical graph for calculating the average gestation length of a pig herd in the embodiment; Figure 2 is a statistical diagram of the distribution of primiparous sows in each group of the embodiment during pregnancy; Figure 3 It is a statistical chart of the farrowing rate of primiparous sows in each group in the embodiment at each gestation period; Figure 4 is a statistical chart of the farrowing rate of primiparous sows in each group of the embodiment during the working time period; Figure 5 is a statistical chart of hourly farrowing rate of primiparous sows in the PG group of Example during gestation period of 113-115 days; Figure 6 is a statistical chart of hourly farrowing rates of primiparous sows in the PGCAR group of Example during gestation days 113-115; Figure 7 It is a statistical diagram of the gestation period distribution of each group of multiparous sows in the embodiment; Figure 8 It is a statistical chart of the farrowing rates of each group of multiparous sows in each gestation period of the embodiment; Fig. 9 is a statistical chart of the farrowing rate of each group of multiparous sows in the working time period of the embodiment; Fig.10is a statistical chart of hourly farrowing rate of multiparous sows in the PG group of Example during gestation period of 113-115 days; Fig.11 This is a statistical chart of hourly farrowing rates of multiparous sows in the PGCAR group during gestation period of 113-115 days; Fig.12 is the proportion (%) of fat (Fat), protein (Protein), lactose (Lactose), total solids (TS) and non-fat solids (SNF) in colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the embodiment; Fig.13 is the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), insulin (INS), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in the colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the example; Fig.14 The contents of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and cortisol in the colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0015] 1. Experimental Grouping: The present invention was conducted in a commercial pig farm in China, and the experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (No. 5) (IAS2023-34). First, the pregnancy records of 3607 Large White sows in the farm in 2023 were analyzed to determine the average gestation period of sows in the farm and infer the expected date of farrowing in the herd. Subsequently, data were collected from 786 Large White sows, including 490 primiparous sows and 296 multiparous sows with parities 2 to 7. "0" was set as the date of the first artificial insemination (AI) at the beginning of estrus. The gestation period refers to the period from insemination to farrowing. During the entire gestation period, each sow was housed in a stall and provided with unlimited drinking water. The sows were divided into two categories: primiparous sows and multiparous sows according to parity. Each type of sow was randomly assigned to one of three different treatments: (1) CON group - sows farrowed naturally; (2) PG group - sows were injected with 0.1 mg of cloprostenol sodium intravaginally at 7 am on the day before the due date of farrowing; (3) PGCAR group - sows were injected with 0.1 mg of cloprostenol sodium intravaginally at 7 am on the day before the due date of farrowing, and 24 hours later, sows were injected with 35 μg of carbetocin intramuscularly. Sows that farrowed within 24 hours after the injection of cloprostenol sodium were assigned to the PG group. All sows were continuously monitored throughout the farrowing process, and all piglets were ear-tagged immediately after birth.

[0016] 2. Data Collection Records collected for sows included gestation period, total number of piglets per litter (TB), number of live born piglets (BA), number of stillborn piglets (ST), and number of mummified piglets per litter (MU). Farrowing duration, which is the time interval between the expulsion of the first and last piglet, and farrowing interval were also measured. Working hours were defined as 7 am to 6:59 pm. When the interval between farrowings exceeded 30 minutes, sow dystocia was recorded.

[0017] 3. Identification of colostrum components Ten sows (5 primiparous sows and 5 multiparous sows) were randomly selected from each treatment group to collect 30 ml colostrum samples within 6 hours after farrowing. The milk samples were divided into two parts, of which 20 ml samples were stored at 4°C for component analysis, and the remaining samples were centrifuged at 2000×g for 15 minutes to extract whey, and the extracted whey was stored at -20°C for active substance detection. The colostrum was analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS) and non-fat solids (SNF) using the MilkoScan automatic milk composition analyzer produced by FOSE, Denmark. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), insulin (INS), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and cortisol were detected using ELISA kits according to the instructions.

[0018] 4. Data Statistical Methods Data were analyzed using SAS®, version 9.4, Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Least squares means (LSmeans) was used to analyze sow production performance, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze colostrum composition. Results were considered statistically significant when P ≤ 0.05.

[0019] We get the following results: 1. Determine the best time to induce farrowing in sows like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2, based on the pregnancy records of 3,657 large white pigs that gave birth naturally in the pig farm in 2023, the gestation length of sows ranged from 111 to 119 days, and we calculated that the average gestation length of the pig herd was 114.3±13.0 days. Among them, about 83.3% of the sows gave birth between 113 and 115 days, and 37.2% of the sows gave birth on 114 days. Therefore, it is inferred that the expected date of delivery of the sows in this herd is the 114th day of pregnancy, and this experiment will induce delivery one day before the expected date of delivery (i.e., the 113th day of pregnancy).

[0020] 2 Effects of exogenous hormones on sow farrowing synchronization The effect of cloprostenol sodium or the combination of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on the synchronization of farrowing in sows was evaluated by measuring the onset time of farrowing in each sow.

[0021] Considering the differences in maternal behavior between primiparous sows and multiparous sows, the gestation period of primiparous sows in each group was first analyzed. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the sows in the control group gave birth naturally during the gestation period of 112-118 days, of which 44.8% gave birth on the 114th day. The sows in the PG group gave birth mainly on the 113th and 114th days, with farrowing rates of 24.7% and 75.3%, respectively. The sows in the PGCAR group gave birth mainly on the 114th day, with a farrowing rate of 95.8%. The sows in the PG and PGCAR groups gave birth within 115 days. Figure 3 As shown, we calculated the farrowing rate of each group of sows in each gestation period during the working period (7:00 am to 18:59 pm) and the non-working period (19:00 pm to 6:59 am). Figure 4 The farrowing rates of primiparous sows in different treatment groups during the working hours were summarized, and the rates were 62.1%, 53.1%, and 96.3% in each group, respectively. Figure 5 The figure shows the hourly farrowing rate of primiparous sows in the PG group between 113 and 115 days of gestation. It can be seen that farrowings are distributed in various time periods. Figure 6 The results showed the hourly farrowing rate of primiparous sows in the PGCAR group between 113 and 115 days. The results showed that farrowing occurred within 2 hours after the injection of carbetocin, that is, between 7:00 and 9:00 in the morning, with a farrowing rate of 65.1%.

[0022] Second, multiparous sows were analyzed. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the gestation period of the control group sows was distributed between 111 and 118 days, and the gestation period of the PG group sows was distributed between 113 and 114 days, accounting for 27.7% and 72.3% respectively. The PGCAR group sows achieved a farrowing rate of 98.3% on the 114th day. Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The results show the farrowing rates of sows in each treatment group during working hours and non-working hours in each gestation period. It is worth noting that the PGCAR group not only achieved synchronous farrowing, but also had a farrowing rate of 97.4% during working hours. Fig.10 and Fig.11 The hourly farrowing rate of multiparous sows in the PG and PGCAR groups during gestation days 113-115 is shown. Consistent with primiparous sows, the farrowing rate of multiparous sows in the PGCAR group reached 70.2% within 2 hours of carbetocin injection.

[0023] 3 Effects of exogenous hormones on sow production performance The effects of sodium cloprostenol and the combined use of sodium cloprostenol and carbetocin on the production performance of sows were evaluated by analyzing the farrowing process, farrowing interval and farrowing performance of each sow. The results showed that the farrowing process (FD) and farrowing interval (BI) of primiparous sows in the PG and PGCAR groups were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group. In addition, the stillbirth rate of sows in these groups was also significantly reduced. In addition, compared with the control group, the total number of piglets born (TB) in the PG group was significantly higher than that in the PGCAR group, and the number of live piglets born (AB) was higher than that in the CON and PGCAR groups, see Table 1 below:

[0024] Similarly, the analysis conducted on multiparous sows showed that the PGCAR group significantly shortened the farrowing process and farrowing interval of sows compared with the control group, see Table 2 below:

[0025] 4. Effects of exogenous hormones on colostrum composition.

[0026] Considering that the colostrum composition of primiparous sows and multiparous sows is generally similar, in order to evaluate the effect of cloprostenol sodium and the combined use of cloprostenol sodium and carbetocin on colostrum composition, 5 primiparous sows and 5 multiparous sows were selected from each treatment group for milk composition determination. The data obtained are as follows Fig.12 , 13 , as shown in 14.

[0027] Fig.12 is the proportion (%) of fat (Fat), protein (Protein), lactose (Lactose), total solids (TS) and non-fat solids (SNF) in colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the embodiment; Fig.13 is the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), insulin (INS), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in the colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the example; Fig.14 The contents of interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and cortisol in the colostrum of sows in each treatment group of the example.

[0028] The results showed that there were no significant differences in the content of fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS) and non-fat solids (SNF) in the colostrum samples of the three treatment groups. In addition, there were no significant changes in the content of bioactive substances in colostrum that promote the growth and development of piglets, including immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and IgG), growth hormone and insulin. At the same time, the levels of interleukin-1β (Il-1β), interleukin-6 (Il-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cortisol in colostrum were determined, and the results showed that there were no significant changes in the levels of inflammatory cytokines or cortisol in the three groups.

Claims

1. A batch production method that can optimize the sow farrowing induction process and improve farrowing concentration, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1 Determine the expected date of sow farrowing: Estimate the sow farrowing date based on the average gestation period of the sow as the expected date of farrowing; S2 On the morning of the day before the expected delivery date, cloprostenol sodium was injected into the sow's vulva at a dosage of 0.05 mg / head to 0.1 mg / head; S3 On the morning of the expected date of delivery, sows were given an intramuscular injection of carbetocin at a dosage of 35 μg / head to 70 μg / head.

2. The batch production method for optimizing the sow farrowing induction process and improving farrowing concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time interval between step S3 and step S2 is 24 hours.

3. The batch production method for optimizing the sow farrowing induction process and improving farrowing concentration according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The dosage of cloprostenol sodium in step S2 is 0.1 mg / head; the dosage of carbetocin in step S3 is 35 μg / head.

4. The batch production method for optimizing the sow farrowing induction process and improving the farrowing concentration of sows according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The time for injecting the sows in step S2 and S3 is selected between 7:00 am and 8:00 am.

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