Special pesticide adjuvant for tobacco as well as preparation and application of special pesticide adjuvant

Abstract

The invention discloses a special pesticide adjuvant for tobacco as well as preparation and application of the special pesticide adjuvant. The special pesticide adjuvant is prepared from reaction raw and auxiliary materials and an adjuvant in a mass ratio of 7: 3, the raw material auxiliary material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 58-67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5-1.2 parts of an alkaline mixed catalyst and 33-42 parts of ethylene oxide; the additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 18-22 parts of a cortex magnoliae officinalis extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of an emulsifier, 0.2-0.4 part of a density regulator urea and 70-80 parts of purified water. The composition is matched with the existing pesticide for use, so that the incidence of black shank and brown spot in the field can be effectively controlled, the incidence rate and the incidence index of the black shank and the brown spot are reduced, and the incidence time of the black shank and the brown spot is delayed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of pesticide adjuvants, and in particular to a tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant and the preparation and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As one of the important economic crops in my country, tobacco needs to strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases in tobacco leaf production, improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, so as to meet the needs of industrial and commercial tobacco leaf production. The prevention and control of pests and diseases cannot be separated from the use of pesticides, but the difficulty of developing new pesticides is gradually increasing. How to improve the use effect of existing drugs is the focus of current research. As a new type of additive, agricultural adjuvants have significant advantages in safety, environmental protection and effect. At present, there are many types of pesticide adjuvants, including dispersants, stabilizers, adhesives, wetting agents, etc., which help to improve the solubility and stability of pesticides in water, prolong the efficacy, and improve the absorption effect. CN103070167B uses rhamnose as an adjuvant to inhibit fungal diseases and improve the insecticidal effect. CN107912428B is composed of vegetable oil, ethylene glycol diacetate, emulsifier and penetrant to form pesticide adjuvants, which enhance the wetting, spreading and penetration ability of pesticide solution. CN112825854B uses organic silicon carboxylic acid sodium emulsion and chitosan to achieve physical embedding of pesticide molecules and increase the action time of pesticides on plant leaves. Zhang Baohua et al. added dispersing wetting agents and thickeners to difenoconazole suspension to increase the distribution and holding amount of pesticides on the plant surface. However, the hydrophobic / super-hydrophobic wax layer on the surface of tobacco plants can significantly reduce the adhesion of pesticides, resulting in waste, residues and soil pollution caused by pesticide spraying rebound. Moreover, during pesticide spraying or root irrigation, the shuttle or movement of the core components of pesticides in the plant body is difficult, and usually only a small amount of effective ingredients reach the place where the disease occurs. As a leaf economic crop, the quality and yield of tobacco leaves are particularly important, and the absorption and shuttle of pesticides are very critical for preventing and controlling tobacco diseases. Therefore, the present invention is in urgent need of developing a safe, efficient and easy-to-absorb tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a safe, efficient and easy-to-absorb tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant and its preparation and application, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0004] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is prepared from reaction raw materials and auxiliary materials and auxiliary materials in a mass ratio of 7:3; the raw materials and auxiliary materials are prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 58-67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5-1.2 parts of alkaline mixed catalyst, and 33-42 parts of ethylene oxide; the auxiliary agent is prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 18-22 parts of magnolia bark extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of emulsifier, 0.2-0.4 parts of density regulator urea, and 70-80 parts of purified water.

[0006] The above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is prepared from reaction raw materials and auxiliary materials and auxiliary agents in a mass ratio of 7:3; the raw materials and auxiliary materials are prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 58 to 67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5 to 1.2 parts of alkaline mixed catalyst, and 33 to 42 parts of ethylene oxide; the auxiliary agent is prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 20 parts of magnolia bark extract, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 4 parts of emulsifier, 0.3 parts of density regulator urea, and 74.7 parts of purified water.

[0007] The above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that the alkaline mixed catalyst is composed of an alkaline catalyst KOH and an alkaline earth catalyst Ba(OH)2, wherein the mass ratio of KOH to Ba(OH)2 is 1:1-3.

[0008] The above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that the emulsifiers are emulsifier WJ-990 and emulsifier WJ630, and the usage ratio of emulsifier WJ-990 and emulsifier WJ630 is 5:1.

[0009] The preparation method of the above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is as follows: first, a specified amount of C12-14 fatty alcohol is mixed with an alkaline mixed catalyst, and then heated to 120°C to 140°C, and vacuum dehydrated. After the dehydration is completed, the temperature is lowered to 90°C and nitrogen is replaced three times. Ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with the C12-14 fatty alcohol, and the temperature is controlled between 90-100°C. After the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirements, the ethylene oxide valve is closed, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is lowered to 70°C, and then the materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour; then, Magnolia bark extracts are added separately, reacted at 50°C for 1 hour, and then an emulsifier is added. After complete emulsification, a density regulator urea is added, and then chitosan oligosaccharides are added with stirring, and finally purified water is added.

[0010] The application of the above tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that it is used in conjunction with a pesticide product, the pesticide product is diluted with water according to the recommended dosage to obtain a pesticide aqueous solution, and then the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is added to the pesticide aqueous solution at a ratio of 198 to 202:1 to prepare a compound liquid.

[0011] The application of the above tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that the pesticide product is metalaxyl mancozeb or sclerotinol.

[0012] The application of the above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that the method of controlling black shank disease by applying the liquid medicine is that when the tobacco plants in the tobacco field wilt and the leaves droop, the pesticide product used is metalaxyl mancozeb, which is used for root irrigation, with a dosage of 100 mL per plant, once every 7-10 days.

[0013] The application of the above-mentioned tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is that the method of controlling red star disease by applying liquid medicine is that when leaf spots appear on the bottom leaves of tobacco leaves in the tobacco field, the pesticide product is Sclerotium Net, which is sprayed, with a dosage of 40mL per plant, once every 7-10 days. The first use is used in conjunction with base leaf application.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can be used in combination with the existing pesticides to effectively control the incidence of black shank disease and brown star disease in the field, reduce the incidence and incidence index of black shank disease and brown star disease, and delay the onset time of black shank disease and brown star disease. After testing, it has the advantages of safety, high efficiency and easy absorption and shuttle.

[0015] The production process of reaction raw materials and auxiliary materials adopts natural carbon chain 12-14 fatty alcohol and alkaline mixed catalyst, wherein the alkaline earth catalyst Ba(OH)2 used in the alkaline mixed catalyst has a slow reaction speed, and the molecular weight distribution of the obtained product is relatively narrow, and the antifreeze performance is high. After mixing with the alkaline catalyst KOH, the original alkaline catalyst causes the molecular weight distribution of the product to be relatively wide and easy to freeze. The product molecular weight distribution obtained by using a suitable proportion of mixed catalyst is suitable, and the antifreeze performance is high; in addition, the low temperature reaction is controlled during the ethoxylation reaction, the reaction temperature is: 90-100℃, and the degassing time is appropriately extended to 1 hour after the reaction is completed, thereby reducing the low boiling point byproducts and irritating odor in the product, and finally making the freezing point of the fatty alcohol emulsifier lower by about 10℃ than that of the ordinary fatty alcohol emulsifier; the odor is not irritating and similar to ordinary products, and the product quality is greatly improved. After adding Magnolia officinalis extract, there is an aromatic smell. After being fully mixed with the above fatty alcohols, emulsifiers, chitosan oligosaccharides and density regulators are added in sequence, and finally a tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant with stable performance is formed.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description to some extent, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 Comparative photos of the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of pesticide adjuvants on the growth of tobacco phytophthora mycelium in a petri dish;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a line graph showing the inhibitory effect of pesticide adjuvant on tobacco phytophthora. A is the change in diameter of tobacco phytophthora at different times after pesticide adjuvant treatment; B is the change in the inhibitory rate of tobacco phytophthora growth at different times after pesticide adjuvant treatment;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a photo of the root system absorbing fluorescent additives observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a photo of the transport of fluorescent additives in the root ducts observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a photo of the transport of fluorescent additives in the xylem of the stem observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0023] Figure 6 The photos are of fluorescent additives in or between mesophyll cells observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a photo of the absorption of fluorescent additives by mesophyll cells observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a photo of the fluorescent additive transported downward through the phloem of the stem observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0026] Fig. 9 This is a photo of the fluorescent additive being transported outward through the phloem layer in the root vascular bundle observed under a laser confocal microscope;

[0027] Fig.10 A comparative atlas of the effects of pesticide adjuvant enhancement on tobacco black shank under greenhouse conditions.

[0028] A is a bar graph showing the control effect of different treatment methods on tobacco plants; B is a blank control photo; C is a photo after using pesticide adjuvants; D is a photo after using metalaxyl-mancozeb; E is a photo after using pesticide adjuvants + metalaxyl-mancozeb;

[0029] exist Figure 3-Figure 9 In laser confocal microscopy, BF, PI, and SF represent the following:

[0030] BF (Bright Field): Bright field illumination. This is the most commonly used method in microscopy observation. The illumination light is vertically guided to the sample through the objective lens, and the direct reflected light of the sample is observed through the objective lens. Bright field illumination is suitable for observing the overall morphology and structure of the sample.

[0031] PI (Phase Contrast): Phase contrast microscopy. Phase contrast microscopy uses the phase difference of light to enhance the contrast of the sample. It is suitable for observing unstained living cells and transparent samples. Phase contrast microscopy changes the phase of light to make the fine structure of the sample more clearly visible in the image.

[0032] SF (Shadow Contrast): Shadow contrast method. Shadow contrast method projects a light source on the sample and uses a light shield to produce a shadow effect, thereby enhancing the contrast of the sample. This method is suitable for observing the surface morphology and structure of cells or tissues2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will describe the preparation, usage and effect of the present invention in detail through performance test experiments. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] Example 1, a pesticide adjuvant for tobacco, prepared from reaction raw materials and adjuvants in a mass ratio of 7:3; the raw materials and adjuvants are prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 58-67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5-1.2 parts of alkaline mixed catalyst, 33-42 parts of ethylene oxide; the adjuvant is prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 18-22 parts of Magnolia officinalis extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of emulsifier, 0.2-0.4 parts of density regulator urea, and 70-80 parts of purified water. The alkaline mixed catalyst is composed of alkaline catalyst KOH and alkaline earth catalyst Ba(OH)2, and the mass ratio of KOH to Ba(OH)2 is 1:1-3. The emulsifiers are emulsifier WJ-990 and emulsifier WJ630, and the dosage ratio of emulsifier WJ-990 and emulsifier WJ630 is 5:1.

[0035] The preparation method of the special pesticide adjuvant is as follows: first, a specified amount of C12-14 fatty alcohol is mixed with an alkaline mixed catalyst, and then heated to 120°C to 140°C, and vacuum dehydrated. After the dehydration is completed, the temperature is lowered to 90°C and nitrogen is replaced three times. Ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with the C12-14 fatty alcohol, and the temperature is controlled between 90-100°C. After the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirements, the ethylene oxide valve is closed, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is lowered to 70°C, and then the materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour; then, Magnolia bark extracts are added respectively, reacted at 50°C for 1 hour, and then an emulsifier is added. After complete emulsification, a density regulator urea is added, and then chitosan oligosaccharide is added and stirred, and finally purified water is added to obtain a special pesticide adjuvant for tobacco.

[0036] Embodiment 2, after 406kgC12-14 fatty alcohol and 3.5kg basic mixed catalyst are mixed, heated to 120 ℃~140 ℃, vacuum dehydration, after dehydration is completed, cooling to 90 ℃ and replacing nitrogen three times, 231kg ​​ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with C12-14 fatty alcohol, the temperature is controlled between 90-100 ℃, and the ethylene oxide valve is closed after the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirement, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is cooled to 70 ℃, and then the materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour; then 54kg Magnolia bark extract is added, reacted at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, 9kg emulsifier is added, after complete emulsification, 0.6kg density regulator urea is added, and then 1.5kg chitosan oligosaccharide is added with stirring, and finally 210kg pure water is added to obtain a pesticide adjuvant for tobacco.

[0037] Embodiment 3, after 469kg of C12-14 fatty alcohol is mixed with 8.4kg of alkaline mixed catalyst, it is heated to 120 ℃~140 ℃, vacuum dehydration, after dehydration is completed, it is cooled to 90 ℃ and replaced with nitrogen three times, 294kg of ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with C12-14 fatty alcohol, the temperature is controlled between 90-100 ℃, and the ethylene oxide valve is closed after the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirement, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is cooled to 70 ℃, and then the materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour; then 66kg of Magnolia bark extract is added, and after reacting at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, 15kg of emulsifier is added, and after complete emulsification, 1.2kg of density regulator urea is added, and then 4.5kg of chitosan oligosaccharide is added and stirred, and finally 240kg of pure water is added to obtain a pesticide adjuvant for tobacco.

[0038] Embodiment 4, after 437.5kg of C12-14 fatty alcohol and 5.95kg of alkaline mixed catalyst are mixed, heated to 120 ℃~140 ℃, vacuum dehydration, after dehydration is completed, cooling to 90 ℃ and replacing nitrogen three times, 262.5kg of ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with the C12-14 fatty alcohol, the temperature is controlled between 90-100 ℃, and the ethylene oxide valve is closed after the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirement, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is cooled to 70 ℃, and then the materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour; then 60kg of Magnolia bark extract is added, reacted at 50 ℃ for 1 hour, 12kg of emulsifier is added, after complete emulsification, 0.9kg of density regulator urea is added, and then 3kg of chitosan oligosaccharide is added with stirring, and finally 224.1kg of pure water is added to obtain a pesticide adjuvant for tobacco.

[0039] In order to prove the effect of the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant (hereinafter referred to as pesticide adjuvant), the applicant conducted the following experiments.

[0040] Experiment 1: The inhibitory effect of adjuvants on tobacco phytophthora

[0041] 1.1 Test methods

[0042] The growth rate method was used to determine the inhibitory effect of pesticide adjuvants on tobacco phytophthora. The pesticide adjuvant was dissolved in the recommended dose of metalaxyl mancozeb aqueous solution after the membrane at a ratio of 1:200. 500 μL of the above solution was added to 99.4 mL OA medium, and then 100 μL of ampicillin was added and mixed. The medium containing the drug solution was poured into a 9 cm culture dish. After solidification and cooling, the drug-containing plates with final concentrations of 0 μg / mL, 27 μg / mL and 54 μg / mL of the adjuvant were prepared. Sterile distilled water was added as a blank control. A bacterial cake with a diameter of 0.5 cm was punched from the edge of the activated tobacco phytophthora colony, and the bacterial cake was transferred to the center of the drug-containing plate. Three replicates were set for each drug solution and cultured in a 28°C incubator. The mycelial growth was recorded at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours, and the colony diameter was measured by the cross method to calculate the inhibition rate.

[0043] 1.2 Test results

[0044] The diameter of tobacco phytophthora colonies increased with time, but decreased with the increase of adjuvant concentration. Figure 1It can be seen that the colony diameters of the 27μg / mL and 54μg / mL adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment for 72h were 4.13cm and 1.80cm, respectively, which were significantly lower than the blank control (7.57cm). Within 24-72h, the inhibition rate of the 27μg / mL adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment group was always 42-50%; when the final adjuvant concentration was 54μg / mL, the inhibition rate was maintained at around 80% ( Figure 2 ). This indicates that as the concentration of adjuvant increases, the inhibitory effect of metalaxyl-mancozeb on controlling tobacco phytophthora is better. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The changes in mycelium diameter during the treatment time showed that the inhibitory effect of the adjuvant metalaxyl-mancozeb on tobacco Phytophthora did not change significantly with the extension of time, indicating that the inhibitory effect of the adjuvant metalaxyl-mancozeb on tobacco Phytophthora was stable.

[0045] Experiment 2: Shuttle metabolic pathways of pesticide adjuvants in tobacco plants

[0046] 2.1 Test method:

[0047] Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 1 mg / mL, and a 0.5% pesticide adjuvant solution was prepared at the same time. An equal volume of FITC DMSO solution was mixed with a 0.5% pesticide adjuvant solution and stirred for 3 hours in a dark environment. Hon@PIL-PHS-PEC was placed in the mixed solution, stirred for 1 hour in a dark environment, and the total reaction solution was placed in a 3.5Kda dialysis bag and dialyzed in deionized water in a dark environment overnight. The liquid in the dialysis bag was used for root irrigation and leaf spraying, and the shuttle pathway of the adjuvant loaded by the nanocapsule in the plant body was observed under a laser confocal microscope after 24 hours.

[0048] 2.2 Test results:

[0049] After root irrigation, the fluorescent additive can move in the soil gaps with the water and be absorbed by the roots. Figure 3 As shown in Figure 2, the fluorescent additive is mainly absorbed along with water through the meristem, elongation and root hair zones of the roots, and then transported to the aboveground parts (such as Figure 4 shown).

[0050] After spraying the leaves, the mesophyll cells near the stomata that lose water due to transpiration produce reverse transpiration, absorbing the fluorescent additive ( Figure 7 As shown), the fluorescent additive can enter the sieve tube along with the organic matter produced by the mesophyll cells and be transported downward through the stem ( Figure 8 ), and finally through the phloem in the root vascular bundle ( Fig. 9 and are discharged into the soil at the root tip.

[0051] This experiment explores the shuttle metabolic pathway of pesticide adjuvants in tobacco plants, and the equal volume of FITCDMSO solution is only used as a fluorescent marker dye in this experiment, and its purpose is to mark pesticide adjuvants. FITC is the most widely used fluorescein derivative, widely used for in vitro and in vivo fluorescent labeling, hybridization probes, Edman degradation protein sequencing and antibody labeling. Its fluorescence intensity is affected by the pH value of the external environment. In an acidic environment, the spiropyran ring is closed and exists in the form of lactone, with weak fluorescence intensity; in a neutral and alkaline environment, the spiropyran ring is open and exists in the form of carboxyl, the fluorescence intensity is enhanced, and the fluorescence color changes.

[0052] Experiment 3: Potted experiment on enhancing the effectiveness of adjuvants in controlling tobacco blight

[0053] 3.1 Experimental methods:

[0054] To prepare tobacco black shank pathogenic fungus millet, weigh an appropriate amount of millet, add an appropriate amount of distilled water, and cook in an induction cooker. After most of the millet blooms, drain the water, put it into a 1000mL conical bottle according to the weight of 200g / bottle, sterilize it in an autoclave at 121℃ for 20min, inoculate an appropriate amount of tobacco black shank pathogenic fungus mycelium into the millet, culture it at 28℃ for 14d, and set aside.

[0055] The potted test used 120cm*110cm flower pots, filled with 380g of natural soil (passed through a 20-mesh sieve, with a natural soil to substrate ratio of 7:3), inoculated with fungus valleys at a rate of 0.5g per pot, mixed thoroughly, and transplanted the small golden tobacco seedlings grown to four leaves and one heart into the diseased soil. Each treatment had 15 pots, and the treatment volume for each pot was 20mL.

[0056] The blank control was 300 mL of distilled water, the drug control was metalaxyl mancozeb mancozeb, and the treatment groups were 1.5 mL of 5.40 mg / mL pesticide adjuvant dissolved in 298.5 mL of distilled water and 1.5 mL of 5.40 mg / mL pesticide adjuvant dissolved in 298.5 mL of an aqueous solution of the recommended dose of metalaxyl mancozeb, so that the final concentrations added to the potted plants were 0 μg / mL (clear water-CK), 27 μg / mL (metalaxyl mancozeb mancozeb-T1), 27 μg / mL (pesticide adjuvant-T2), and 27 μg / mL (pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb-T3).

[0057] Tobacco black shank disease severity grading standards:

[0058] Level 0, the whole plant is disease-free;

[0059] Level 1: The stem lesions do not exceed 1 / 3 of the stem circumference, or less than 1 / 3 of the leaves wilt;

[0060] Level 3: The lesions on the stems surround 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the stem circumference, or 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the leaves are slightly wilted, or lesions appear on a few leaves at the bottom;

[0061] Level 5: The lesions on the stem exceed 1 / 2 of the stem circumference, but do not completely surround the stem circumference, or 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the leaves wilt;

[0062] Level 7: The stem lesions completely surround the stem, or more than 2 / 3 of the leaves wilt;

[0063] Level 9: diseased plants are basically dead.

[0064] The disease index calculation formula is:

[0065]

[0066] The formula for calculating the incidence rate is:

[0067]

[0068] Calculation formula for prevention effect:

[0069]

[0070] 3.2 Experimental results:

[0071] Table 1 The control effect of pesticide adjuvant on tobacco black shank in potted plant experiments

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] As shown in Table 1 and Fig.10As shown, 5 days after treatment, the disease index of tobacco plants in the blank control was 44.44, the disease index of tobacco plants after pesticide adjuvant treatment was 21.48, the disease index of tobacco plants after metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was 17.78, and the disease index of tobacco plants after pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was 4.44; 10 days after treatment, the disease index of tobacco plants in the blank control was 91.11, the disease index of tobacco plants after pesticide adjuvant treatment was 54.81, the disease index of tobacco plants after metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was 38.52, and the disease index of tobacco plants after pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was 26.67. In the case of tobacco infection by Phytophthora nicotianae, on the 5th day, the diseased plants in the blank control accounted for about 2 / 3 of the total number of plants, the diseased plants in the group treated with metalaxyl-mancozeb accounted for about 2 / 15 of the total number of plants, and the diseased plants in the group treated with pesticide adjuvants + metalaxyl-mancozeb accounted for about 1 / 15 of the total number of plants; on the 10th day, the diseased plants in the blank control reached 100%, the diseased plants in the group treated with pesticide adjuvants accounted for about 2 / 3 of the total number of plants, the diseased plants in the group treated with metalaxyl-mancozeb accounted for about 1 / 2 of the total number of plants, and the diseased plants in the group treated with pesticide adjuvants + metalaxyl-mancozeb accounted for about 1 / 4 of the total number of plants. On the 10th day, the incidence of tobacco plants treated with pesticide adjuvants was significantly lower than that of the control, and the incidence of pesticide adjuvants + metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment was reduced by about 26% compared with metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment. The results showed that the maximum control effect of pesticide adjuvant combined with metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment could reach 70.73% on the 10th day, which could significantly reduce the disease index of tobacco plants infected by tobacco phytophthora, reduce the incidence rate and improve the control effect.

[0075] Experiment 4: Field control effect of pesticide adjuvant enhancement on tobacco black shank

[0076] 4.1 Test methods

[0077] Four regions, namely Guiyang, Qiannan, Southwest Guizhou and Zunyi, were selected as areas where black shank disease occurred in previous years, and same-field comparison verification was carried out. The area of ​​each treatment was about 1 mu.

[0078] Treatment 1 (blank control): no pesticide was applied.

[0079] Treatment 2 (positive control): Use metalaxyl-mancozeb for control. Dilute with water according to the recommended dosage concentration of metalaxyl-mancozeb. Irrigate the roots once during the clustering stage and the vigorous growth stage, with a dosage of about 100 mL per plant each time.

[0080] Treatment 3: Use pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb for prevention and control. Dilute the pesticide aqueous solution with water according to the recommended dosage concentration of metalaxyl mancozeb, and then add tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvants to the pesticide aqueous solution at a ratio of 200:1 to prepare a compound solution. Irrigate the roots once during the clustering stage and the vigorous growth stage, and use about 100 mL per plant each time.

[0081] The black leg disease index survey is conducted every 10 days after the disease is first discovered in the field. The disease level survey is based on plants, using a 5-point sampling method, with 10 plants at each point, for a total of 50 plants, and the incidence rate and disease index are calculated.

[0082] 4.2 Experimental Results

[0083] Table 2 Field control effect of pesticide adjuvants on tobacco black shank

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Table 2, the black shank disease incidence in tobacco fields treated with pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb in Guiyang City was the latest, 10 days later than that with metalaxyl-mancozeb and 20 days later than that with the blank control. By the time the last tobacco kang was harvested (August 25), the incidence rate of black shank disease in the treatment with adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb was 52%, which was 48% lower than that with metalaxyl-mancozeb and the blank control.

[0086] In the control treatment and the tobacco fields treated with metalaxyl mancozeb in Southwest Guizhou, the incidence of black leg disease was extremely high and the growth rate was relatively fast. However, the symptoms of the disease did not begin to appear until July 18, 30 days later than the other treatments. On August 18, the incidence and disease index of the treatment with pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb were reduced by 85% and 82.41%, 82.86% and 78.81% respectively compared with the other two treatments.

[0087] In the first three surveys in Qiannan, under the premise that the control group rarely got sick, the metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment group and the pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment group could effectively prevent and control black shank disease. From the fourth survey to the eighth survey, with the increase in the incidence of black shank disease, the pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl-mancozeb treatment can significantly reduce the incidence of black shank disease compared with other treatments, among which the incidence rate and disease index were reduced by 0.63%-0.122% and 0.284-0.543, 0.86%-1.83% and 0.383-0.815, 1.56%-1.92% and 0.692-0.852, and 3.23%-4.63% and 2.433-3.067, respectively.

[0088] In Zunyi, the incidence of black leg disease in the pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment was significantly lower than that in the blank control, and was equivalent to that in the metalaxyl mancozeb treatment. Between June 19 and August 10, the growth rate of black leg disease in the pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment was slower than that in the positive treatment; from August 10 to August 30, as the severity of black leg disease deepened, the incidence of the pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment was higher than that in the metalaxyl mancozeb treatment, and the increasing trend of the treatment was equivalent to that of the control.

[0089] The test results in Guiyang, Southwest Guizhou, Qiannan and Zunyi areas of Guizhou Province showed that the application of pesticide adjuvant + metalaxyl mancozeb treatment showed a downward trend in the overall incidence of black leg disease compared with the blank control and positive control.

[0090] Experiment 5: Field control effect of adjuvant enhancement on tobacco brown spot disease

[0091] 5.1 Test methods

[0092] Four regions, namely Guiyang, Qiannan, Southwest Guizhou and Dejiang, were selected as areas where red star disease occurred in previous years, and a same-field comparison verification was carried out. The area of ​​each treatment was about 1 mu.

[0093] Treatment 1 (blank control): no pesticide was applied.

[0094] Treatment 2 (positive control): Use Sclerotium Net for control. Dilute with water according to the recommended dosage concentration of Sclerotium Net. Spray once after topping, and spray the second time after an interval of 7-10 days. The dosage for each plant is about 40 mL each time.

[0095] Treatment 3: Use pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotinia net for control. Dilute the pesticide solution with water according to the recommended dosage concentration of Sclerotinia net, and then add tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvants at a ratio of 200:1 according to the volume of the pesticide solution to prepare a compound solution. Spray once after topping, and spray the second time after an interval of 7-10 days. The dosage for each plant is about 40mL each time.

[0096] The disease index survey of brown spot disease is conducted once every 10 days after the disease is first discovered in the field until the large-scale tobacco leaf picking is completed. A 5-point sampling method is used for the survey, with 10 plants at each point, for a total of 50 plants (no picking, whole-plant survey), and the number of diseased leaves is counted to calculate the incidence rate and disease index.

[0097] 5.2 Test results

[0098] Table 3 Field control effect of adjuvant synergistic agent on tobacco brown spot disease

[0099]

[0100] As can be seen from Table 3, the onset of red spot disease in tobacco fields treated with pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotinia net in Guiyang tobacco-growing areas was 10 days later than that treated with Sclerotinia net and 40 days later than that in the blank control. By the time the last kang was harvested, the incidence rate and disease index of the tobacco fields treated with pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotinia net were reduced by 10.00% and 6.54%, 40.00% and 38.46% respectively compared with those treated with Sclerotinia net and the blank control.

[0101] In the tobacco-growing areas of Southwest Guizhou, brown spot disease was found in all four surveys in the experimental fields, but the overall incidence was not high. In the first three surveys, the application of Junhejing treatment and the pesticide adjuvant + Junsclerotium treatment could significantly reduce the incidence and disease index of brown spot disease, and there was no significant difference between the two. In the fourth survey, the application of pesticide adjuvant + Junsclerotium treatment reduced the incidence of brown spot disease by 25.00% compared with the other two treatments, and the disease index was reduced by 48.39% and 8.57%, respectively.

[0102] In the tobacco-growing areas of Qiannan, the incidence of brown spot disease in tobacco fields treated with Sclerotium net and pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotium net was not much different in the first three surveys. On August 3, the incidence of brown spot disease in tobacco fields treated with pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotium net was 40.00% and 14.29% lower than that of the other two treatments, respectively.

[0103] In the tobacco-growing area of ​​Dejiang, it can be seen that in the first three surveys, the application of Sclerotium Cleaner and the pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotium Cleaner treatments both effectively controlled the occurrence of brown spot disease, with the occurrence of brown spot disease delayed by 20 days and 30 days respectively compared with the control. However, unlike the previous surveys, in the fourth survey, the incidence of brown spot disease in the application of pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotium Cleaner treatments increased by 0.52 percentage points compared with the blank control.

[0104] Judging from the results of four different test fields, compared with the blank control and positive control, the application of pesticide adjuvant + Sclerotinia treatment can effectively control the occurrence of brown star disease in the field, reduce the incidence and disease index of brown star disease, and delay the onset of brown star disease.

[0105] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution, which should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from reaction raw materials and auxiliary materials and auxiliary agents in a mass ratio of 7:3; the raw materials and auxiliary materials are prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 58-67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5-1.2 parts of alkaline mixed catalyst, and 33-42 parts of ethylene oxide; the auxiliary agent is prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 18-22 parts of magnolia bark extract, 0.5-1.5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 3-5 parts of emulsifier, 0.2-0.4 parts of density regulator urea, and 70-80 parts of purified water.

2. The tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention is prepared from reaction raw materials and auxiliary materials and auxiliary agents in a mass ratio of 7:3; the raw materials and auxiliary materials are prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 58-67 parts of C12-14 fatty alcohol, 0.5-1.2 parts of alkaline mixed catalyst, and 33-42 parts of ethylene oxide; the auxiliary agent is prepared from the following raw materials in mass parts: 20 parts of magnolia bark extract, 1 part of chitosan oligosaccharide, 4 parts of emulsifier, 0.3 parts of density regulator urea, and 74.7 parts of purified water.

3. The tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The alkaline mixed catalyst is composed of an alkaline catalyst KOH and an alkaline earth catalyst Ba(OH)2, wherein the mass ratio of KOH to Ba(OH)2 is 1:1-3.

4. The tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 3, characterized in that: The emulsifiers are emulsifier WJ-990 and emulsifier WJ630, and the usage ratio of emulsifier WJ-990 to emulsifier WJ630 is 5:

1.

5. The method for preparing the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: First, a specified amount of C12-14 fatty alcohol is mixed with an alkaline mixed catalyst, heated to 120°C to 140°C, and vacuum dehydrated. After the dehydration is completed, the temperature is lowered to 90°C and nitrogen is replaced three times. Ethylene oxide is slowly added to the reactor to react with the C12-14 fatty alcohol, and the temperature is controlled between 90-100°C. After the amount of ethylene oxide added reaches the process requirements, the ethylene oxide valve is closed, and the reaction is continued until the pressure and temperature in the reactor no longer fluctuate and the temperature is lowered to 70°C. The materials in the reactor are degassed, and the degassing time is extended to 1 hour. Then, Magnolia bark extracts are added respectively, reacted at 50°C for 1 hour, and then an emulsifier is added. After complete emulsification, a density regulator urea is added, and then chitosan oligosaccharides are added with stirring, and finally purified water is added.

6. The use of the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method is used in combination with a pesticide product. The pesticide product is diluted with water according to a recommended dosage to obtain a pesticide aqueous solution. A tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant is then added to the pesticide aqueous solution at a ratio of 198 to 202:1 to obtain a compound liquid.

7. The use of the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pesticide product is metalaxyl mancozeb or sclerotinol.

8. The use of the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of controlling black shank disease by applying liquid medicine is to use metalaxyl mancozeb pesticide when the tobacco plants in the tobacco field wilt and the leaves droop, and irrigate the roots with 100 mL per plant, once every 7-10 days.

9. The use of the tobacco-specific pesticide adjuvant according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of controlling red star disease by applying liquid medicine is to use the pesticide product Sclerotium Net when leaf spots appear on the bottom leaves of tobacco leaves in the tobacco field. It should be sprayed with 40 mL per plant, once every 7-10 days. The first use should be used in conjunction with base leaf application.

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