Regulation and control method for promoting and strengthening flowers of citrus and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit industry, and particularly discloses a regulation and control method for promoting and strengthening flowers of citrus and application. The regulation and control method comprises the following steps: spraying a blossom-promoting regulatory factor A at an aging stage of citrus autumn shoots; and spraying a blossom-promoting regulatory factor B from one week before budding of the citrus in the next year to the flower bud stage. The flower-promoting regulation factor A comprises the following components in spraying concentration: 15 to 50 [mu] g / ml of S-abscisic acid, 25 to 100 [mu] g / ml of prohexadione calcium, 0.05 to 1 [mu] g / ml of chlorin iron, and the balance of an agriculturally acceptable auxiliary agent; and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B comprises the following components in spraying concentration: S-abscisic acid of 1-35 [mu] g / ml, benzylaminopurine of 10-70 [mu] g / ml, chlorin of 0.1-2 [mu] g / ml and the balance of agriculturally acceptable auxiliaries. The method can regulate tree axillary bud flowering hormone balance, effectively improve the next-year citrus flowering amount, improve the flower bud quality and flowering uniformity, reduce the proportion of deformed flowers, reduce the fruit retention difficulty, improve the citrus yield and improve the citrus quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit industry, and specifically relates to a regulation method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus and its application. Background Art

[0002] The increase in citrus production has always been constrained by the "good-bad-bad years" and the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. The quality of citrus flower bud differentiation directly affects the quality of fruit setting.

[0003] The flower bud differentiation of citrus is an extremely complex process, which is divided into two stages: (a) the physiological differentiation stage, during which the citrus tree enters the critical period of physiological differentiation of flower buds in the late autumn shoot maturity period. This period is the transition period when the tree growth point changes from the physiological state of leaf buds to that of flower buds, and it is also the key period that determines the number of flowers on the tree; (b) the morphological differentiation stage, which refers to the process from the initial stage of flower bud differentiation to the gradual formation of flower organs. This period includes the calyx differentiation stage, petal differentiation stage, stamen differentiation stage, and pistil differentiation stage, and is the formation period of the quality of flower bud development.

[0004] In recent years, due to abnormal climate change, low temperature and frost damage have seriously affected the physiological differentiation of citrus flower buds, often resulting in few flowers and low yields; and when citrus trees enter the spring bud germination period - bud appearance period (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), low temperatures or continuous rainy weather are prone to occur, which seriously affects the morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds, resulting in poor flowering quality, serious deformed flowers and deformed fruits, and fruit farmers suffer heavy losses.

[0005] At present, most agricultural methods use physical and chemical control methods to promote the differentiation of citrus flower buds and increase the number of flowers in the next year. However, each treatment method has obvious disadvantages. The physical methods mainly include pulling branches, bending branches, ring cutting, root cutting, etc. Although these methods can promote the differentiation of citrus flower buds, they also have defects such as large workload, labor consumption, and high technical requirements. If the operation is improper, it is very easy to cause tree damage or even death; the chemical control method mainly controls the shoots by spraying high-concentration paclobutrazol, ethylenethiocyanate and other plant growth retardants, reducing the nutrient consumption of the tree, promoting the transfer of nutrients to reproductive growth, and then regulating the differentiation of flower buds of the tree. In actual production, the application of growth control agents can easily cause premature aging of the tree, and the proportion of deformed flowers and deformed fruits has increased significantly, which is not conducive to the improvement of citrus yield and quality.

[0006] For example: the invention application with publication number CN115299441A discloses a preparation for controlling vigor and promoting flowering, its preparation method and application, wherein the anti-vigorous and promoting flowering preparation includes: 1200-1400 mg / L of uniconazole, 25-30 mg / L of S-inducible, 350-450 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.005-0.015 mg / L of brassinolide and 3500-4500 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The vigor-controlling and promoting flowering preparation is sprayed three times, and the first spraying is performed when 95% of the new shoots of the fruit tree stop growing. The time interval between the first spraying and the second spraying is 15 days, and the time interval between the second spraying and the third spraying is 80-100 days. By spraying the above-mentioned vigor-controlling and promoting flowering agent, the growth of the tree can be effectively controlled and the amount of flowers can be increased. However, there are still some defects such as large amount of control agent used and frequent application (the spray solution contains about 1.2%-1.4% of oxadiazole), which is easy to cause soil residue, large number of flowers and difficulty in ensuring the quality of flowering.

[0007] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a regulatory method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus, regulate the balance of endogenous flowering hormones in the tree at the two key growth nodes of physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds, improve alternate bearing, increase the number and quality of flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit preservation, and provide technical support for further improving the yield level of citrus production, which has positive promotion significance. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: in view of the fact that the existing technology for promoting flowering of citrus mainly uses the shoot control method (such as CN115299441A), the amount of control agents used is large, which is easy to cause soil residues and affect the environment, and there are defects and shortcomings such as poor flower bud quality and a high proportion of deformed flowers. A new regulation method for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus is provided. The key technical means of the regulation method is: in the two key growth periods of citrus flower bud differentiation, the balance of flowering hormones during the physiological differentiation period and the morphological differentiation period is regulated by the flower promotion regulating factor A and the flower promotion regulating factor B, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting the increase of flower quantity and improving flower quality.

[0009] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the purpose of the invention.

[0010] Firstly, the present invention discloses a regulating method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus.

[0011] A method for regulating and controlling citrus flower growth and growth, which uses different growth regulator compositions for targeted regulation in the autumn shoot maturity stage (physiological differentiation stage) and from one week before bud formation to the bud stage (morphological differentiation stage) of the following year according to the flowering mechanism of citrus flower bud differentiation stage, endogenous hormone levels, and growth stress factors in various stages of citrus growth and development.

[0012] Furthermore, the regulation method for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus includes applying flowering promoting regulatory factor A during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots (physiological differentiation period), and applying flowering promoting regulatory factor B from one week before budding to the bud stage (morphological differentiation period) of the following year.

[0013] Furthermore, the components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor A are 15-50 μg / ml of S-inducing factor, 25-100 μg / ml of calcium prohexadione, 0.05-1 μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron, and the remainder is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

[0014] Preferably, the components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor A are 25-40 μg / ml of S-inducing factor, 50-75 μg / ml of prohexadione calcium, 0.1-0.5 μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron, and the remainder is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

[0015] The formulation forms of the flower-promoting regulatory factor A include but are not limited to soluble powders, aqueous emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules.

[0016] As a growth balancing factor for plants, S-absorbent is a pure natural product contained in all green plants. It has the function of balancing the metabolism of endogenous hormones and related growth-active substances in plants. S-absorbent is antagonistic to the flower-inhibiting hormone gibberellic acid. During the physiological differentiation period of citrus flower buds, it can induce an increase in the ratio of endogenous S-absorbent to gibberellic acid, which is beneficial to flower bud differentiation. At the same time, S-absorbent is also the "first messenger" that activates the expression of stress-resistant genes in plants, which can effectively activate the stress-resistant immune system in plants and enhance the comprehensive resistance of plants (drought resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, disease and insect resistance, salt and alkali resistance, etc.).

[0017] As a plant growth retardant, calcium prohexadione can effectively inhibit the synthesis of endogenous flower-inhibiting hormone gibberellic acid GA3, but has no effect on the synthesis of gibberellic acid GA4+7 that promotes flowering and fruiting. It has five major characteristics: good water solubility, fast leaf absorption, low toxicity and no residue, high activity, and short half-life. Its main functions are: increasing chlorophyll content, making leaves dark green and thick, and enhancing photosynthesis; promoting flower bud differentiation, increasing fruit setting rate, promoting fruit enlargement, sweetening and coloring, and early market launch; enhancing stress resistance and disease resistance.

[0018] As a new type of plant growth regulator, chlorin iron can regulate the degradation (delayed degradation) and synthesis of chlorophyll, enhance the photosynthesis of crop leaves, produce more organic matter, improve the quality and yield of crops, and improve the systemic resistance of crops, regulate the defense-related signal pathways of crops in adversity, enhance the defense response of crops, and improve crop resistance. In addition, chlorin iron can regulate multiple targets or pathways such as brassinosteroids (BR) and S-elicitor, and induce the defense response of crops to cope with low temperature, salt stress, etc.

[0019] Furthermore, the flower-promoting regulatory factor B described in step (2) has the following components and spraying concentrations: S-inducing factor 1-35 μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 10-70 μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.1-2 μg / ml, with the remainder being agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0020] Preferably, the flower-promoting regulatory factor B described in step (2) has the following components and spraying concentrations: S-inducing factor 5-25 μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 20-40 μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.5-2 μg / ml, with the remainder being agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0021] Furthermore, the formulations of the flower-promoting regulatory factor B include, but are not limited to, soluble solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, soluble powders, aqueous emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules.

[0022] The reason why the prohexadione calcium component is included in the flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the benzylaminopurine component is included in the flower-promoting regulatory factor B is that: the main principle of using prohexadione calcium in the autumn shoot maturity stage is that it can effectively control the content of gibberellic acid A3 in the tree during the physiological differentiation stage of citrus, while having no effect on the content of gibberellic acid A4+A7 that promotes reproductive growth, which is beneficial to the accumulation of flowering hormones and nutrients in the tree, and then promotes the physiological differentiation of flower buds; benzylaminopurine (a cytokinin plant growth regulator) is used from 1 week before citrus budding to the bud stage (morphological differentiation stage), which can effectively promote cell division and differentiation, and is beneficial to the development of flower organs during the morphological differentiation stage of flower buds. At the same time, benzylaminopurine has the functions of eliminating apical dominance, increasing the chlorophyll content of leaves, improving the tree's nutrient manufacturing capacity, balancing the distribution of nutrients and auxins, accelerating the morphological differentiation of flower buds, and improving the quality of flower buds.

[0023] Furthermore, the flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B are used in combination with any one or more of amino acid foliar fertilizer, humic acid, macro-element water-soluble fertilizer and medium- and trace-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0024] Secondly, the present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned flower-promoting and flower-strengthening regulating method in citrus planting.

[0025] The flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B are sprayed on the whole citrus tree to promote flowering and strengthen the flowers. After being diluted with water to a certain concentration, they are sprayed after 4 o'clock on a sunny day, and the concentration is determined by wetting the front and back sides of the leaves of the whole plant without dripping. The water consumption per mu is controlled at 300-400L.

[0026] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A is sprayed during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots. Its components and spraying concentrations are: S-inducing factor 15-50μg / ml, calcium cyclohexadione 25-100μg / ml, dihydrochlorin iron 0.05-2μg / ml, and the remainder is agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0027] Spray the flower-promoting regulatory factor B one week before budding in the next year to the bud stage of citrus. Its components and spraying concentration are: S-inducing factor 1-35μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 10-70μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.1-2μg / ml, and the rest are agriculturally acceptable adjuvants.

[0028] The citrus is selected from but not limited to any one of Ehime No. 38, Ehime No. 28, Wogan, Shatangju, Ugli, Newhall Navel Orange, Mandarin Orange, Lugan, Harumi, Shiranui, Lunwan and orange, and mixed citrus varieties.

[0029] After the application of this flower-promoting and flower-strengthening regulation method in citrus cultivation, the number of flowers in the next year can be increased by 9.74% to 22.36%, the quality of flower buds can be improved, the rate of deformed flowers can be reduced by 12.7% to 27.11%, the difficulty of fruit preservation can be reduced, and the citrus yield increase rate can be as high as 23.07%.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] The method and application of the present invention for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus flowers mainly have the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The control method described in the present invention is applied to the promotion and strengthening of flowering of citrus, which can regulate the balance of flowering hormones in the axillary buds of the tree, effectively increase the number of flowers formed in the next year of citrus, improve the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering, reduce the proportion of deformed flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit preservation, and thus increase the yield and quality of citrus.

[0033] (2) The method for promoting and strengthening flowering of citrus described in the present invention can improve the resistance of citrus to adverse environments, reduce the use of growth-control agents, and effectively reduce the premature aging of trees and deformed flowers caused by growth-control agents.

[0034] (3) The citrus flower-promoting and flower-strengthening regulatory factors A and B described in the present invention use environmentally friendly raw materials, are safe to humans, animals and the environment, and are safe to use, environmentally friendly, and not prone to phytotoxicity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials can be obtained from public commercial channels unless otherwise specified. The data listed in the following examples and comparative examples are all obtained by simultaneous preparation and simultaneous testing.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Test location: Meishan, Sichuan; citrus variety: Eyuan 38

[0038] Experimental design: Based on the conventional planting pattern of farmers, the regulator composition was applied and evenly sprayed on the citrus leaves of the corresponding period after 4 pm on a sunny day (the same applies to the following examples).

[0039] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with medium fertility. The age of Ehime 38 trees is 5 years. The row spacing is 3.0m×3.5m, 63 trees / mu, and conventional management is carried out.

[0040] Conditioner composition:

[0041] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: a soluble powder containing 10% S-inducing agent, 10% cyclohexane calcium and 0.05% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 50μg / ml S-inducing agent, 50μg / ml cyclohexane calcium and 0.25μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0042] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied during the budding stage: an emulsion containing 2% S-inducing agent, 2% benzylaminopurine and 0.01% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 800 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 25μg / ml S-inducing agent, 25μg / ml benzylaminopurine, and 0.125μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0043] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0044] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0045] Test results:

[0046] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 16.52%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 21.71%, and the yield per plant increased by 17.66%.

[0047] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 8.91%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.97%, and the yield per plant increased by 11.62%.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Test location: Chongqing Changshou; citrus variety: Wogan

[0050] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The Wogan trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 2.0m×3.0m, 88 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0051] Conditioner composition:

[0052] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: granules containing 5% S-inducing agent, 10% prohexadione calcium and 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33.3μg / ml S-inducing agent, 66.7μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 0.133μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron); pay attention to spraying the front and back sides of the leaves of the whole plant until the liquid does not drip.

[0053] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: a soluble solution containing 1% S-inducing factor, 4% benzylaminopurine and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 6.7 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 26.6 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 0.67 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0054] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0055] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0056] Test results:

[0057] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 22.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 27.11%, and the yield per plant increased by 23.07%.

[0058] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 18.13%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 20.51%, and the yield per plant increased by 19.38%.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Test location: Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Citrus variety: Shatangju

[0061] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The mandarin orange trees are 5 years old, with a row spacing of 2.5m×3.0m, 67 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0062] Conditioner composition:

[0063] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: soluble powder containing 5% S-inducing factor, 5% prohexadione calcium and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 1000 times (converted into spraying concentration of 50μg / ml S-inducing factor, 50μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 1μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0064] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: an aqueous emulsion containing 1% S-inducing factor, 3% benzylaminopurine, and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 800 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 12.5 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 37.5 μg / ml benzylaminopurine, and 1.25 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0065] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0066] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0067] Test results:

[0068] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 15.26%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 18.27%, and the yield per plant increased by 18.75%.

[0069] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 10.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 11.19%, and the yield per plant increased by 12.27%.

[0070] Example 4

[0071] Test location: Pujiang, Sichuan; Citrus variety: unknown fire

[0072] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The age of the Shiraz trees is 5 years old, the row spacing is 3.0×4.0m, 58 trees / mu, and conventional management is used.

[0073] Conditioner composition:

[0074] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: an aqueous emulsion containing 3% S-inducing agent, 15% prohexadione calcium and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 15μg / ml S-inducing agent, 75μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 0.5μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron); pay attention to spraying the front and back sides of the leaves of the whole plant until the liquid does not drip.

[0075] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: a soluble solution containing 0.1% S-inducing factor, 2% benzylaminopurine and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 2 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 40 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 2 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0076] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0077] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0078] Test results:

[0079] Compared with the control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 12.5, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 14.71, and the yield per plant increased by 15.69%.

[0080] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 8.39%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.28%, and the yield per plant increased by 11.16%.

[0081] Example 5

[0082] Test location: Meishan, Sichuan; Citrus variety: Wogan

[0083] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The Wogan trees are 5 years old, with a row spacing of 4.0×6.0m, 28 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0084] Conditioner composition:

[0085] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of autumn shoots of citrus: wettable powder containing 10% S-inducing factor, 5% prohexadione calcium and 0.01% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted into a spraying concentration of 50μg / ml S-inducing factor, 25μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 0.05μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0086] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: granules containing 0.03% S-inducing factor, 2% benzylaminopurine and 0.01% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 300 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 1 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 67 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 0.13 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0087] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0088] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0089] Test results:

[0090] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.74%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.7%, and the yield per plant increased by 7.92%.

[0091] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 5.72%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 8.97%, and the yield per plant increased by 5.88%.

[0092] Example 6

[0093] Test location: Ganzhou, Jiangxi; citrus variety: Newhall navel orange

[0094] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The navel orange trees are 6 years old, with a row spacing of 4.0×5.0m, 33 trees / mu, and conventional management.

[0095] Conditioner composition:

[0096] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: a suspension containing 10% S-inducing agent, 15% calcium cyclamate and 0.02% chlorin iron, diluted 3000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33μg / ml S-inducing agent, 50μg / ml calcium cyclamate and 0.07μg / ml chlorin iron); pay attention to spraying the front and back sides of the leaves of the whole plant until the liquid does not drip.

[0097] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: a soluble solution containing 5% S-inducing factor, 3% benzylaminopurine and 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 1500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 33 μg / ml S-inducing factor, 20 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 0.13 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0098] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0099] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0100] Test results:

[0101] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 15.6%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 16.67%, and the yield per plant increased by 14.12%.

[0102] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.79%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.2%, and the yield per plant increased by 10.12%.

[0103] Example 7

[0104] Test location: Xinyu, Jiangxi; citrus variety: mandarin orange

[0105] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The mandarin orange trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 3.0×4.0m, 52 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0106] Conditioner composition:

[0107] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: an aqueous emulsion containing 1% S-inducing agent, 5% calcium cyclamate and 0.05% chlorin iron, diluted 500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 20μg / ml S-inducing agent, 100μg / ml calcium cyclamate and 1μg / ml chlorin iron); pay attention to spraying the front and back sides of the leaves of the entire plant until the solution does not drip.

[0108] Flower-promoting regulatory factor B applied during the budding stage: a soluble solution containing 0.1% S-inducing agent, 0.5% benzylaminopurine and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 500 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 2 μg / ml S-inducing agent, 10 μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 2 μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron).

[0109] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0110] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0111] Test results:

[0112] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 14.75%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 13.75%, and the yield per plant increased by 10.92%.

[0113] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 7.38%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 10.73%, and the yield per plant increased by 8.67%.

[0114] Example 8

[0115] Test location: Xinyu, Jiangxi; citrus variety: Aiyuan No. 28

[0116] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The citrus trees are 4 years old, with a row spacing of 3.5×4.0m, 36 trees per mu, and conventional management.

[0117] Conditioner composition:

[0118] Flower-promoting regulatory factor A applied during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots: a suspension containing 5% S-inducing factor, 15% prohexadione calcium and 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 2000 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 25μg / ml S-inducing factor, 75μg / ml prohexadione calcium and 0.5μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0119] Flowering-promoting regulatory factor B applied at the budding stage: granules containing 0.5% S-inducing factor, 1% benzylaminopurine and 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron, diluted 300 times (converted to a spraying concentration of 16.7μg / ml S-inducing factor, 33.3μg / ml benzylaminopurine and 0.67μg / ml dihydrochlorin iron);

[0120] Control 1: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, no regulator composition was applied during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the budding stage, and clean water was used as a blank control.

[0121] Control 2: Based on the conventional planting pattern of fruit farmers, 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension was used in the mature stage of autumn shoots, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble concentrate was used in the bud stage.

[0122] Test results:

[0123] Compared with control 1, the number of citrus flowers increased by 19.86%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 24.77%, and the yield per plant increased by 19.36%.

[0124] Compared with control 2, the number of citrus flowers increased by 16.56%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 17.53%, and the yield per plant increased by 16.79%.

[0125] From the above analysis and comparison, it can be known that Examples 1-8 were all sprayed with flower-promoting regulatory factor A (S-inducing factor + calcium cyclohexane + dihydrochlorin iron) in the autumn shoot maturation stage, and were all sprayed with flower-promoting regulatory factor B (S-inducing factor + benzylaminopurine + dihydrochlorin iron) in the budding stage. Control 1 did not apply the regulatory agent composition in both the autumn shoot maturation stage and the budding stage, and used clean water as a blank control; Control 2 used 600 times of 25% paclobutrazol suspension in the autumn shoot maturation stage, and 1500 times of 0.01% 28-homobrassinolide soluble solution in the budding stage.

[0126] The experimental effects of Examples 1-8 are as follows: compared with the control 1 (clear water), the number of citrus flowers increased by 9.74-22.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.7-27.11%, and the yield per plant increased by 7.92-23.07%; compared with the control 2 (paclobutrazol and 28-homobrassinolide), the number of citrus flowers increased by 5.72-18.13%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 8.97-20.51%, and the yield per plant increased by 5.88-19.38%.

[0127] Without considering the differences in citrus varieties, the best test effect is Example 2. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 2 at the autumn shoot maturity stage are 33.3μg / ml of S-inducing agent, 66.7μg / ml of calcium cyclohexadione, and 0.133μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron; the formula and spraying concentration used in the budding stage are 6.7μg / ml of S-inducing agent, 26.7μg / ml of benzylaminopurine, and 0.67μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron. The second best test effect is Example 8. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 8 at the autumn shoot maturity stage are S-inducing agent 25μg / ml, calcium cyclohexadione 75μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.5μg / ml; the formula and spraying concentration used in the budding stage are S-inducing agent 16.7μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 33.3μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.67μg / ml.

[0128] Without considering the differences in citrus varieties, the worst test effect is Example 5. The formula and spraying concentration used in Example 5 at the autumn shoot maturity stage are 50μg / ml of S-inducing agent, 25μg / ml of calcium cyclohexadione, and 0.05μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron; the formula and spraying concentration used in the budding stage are 1μg / ml of S-inducing agent, 66.7μg / ml of benzylaminopurine, and 0.13μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron.

[0129] The spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor A used in the autumn shoot maturity stage is preferably: S-inducing factor 25-40μg / ml, prohexadione calcium 50-75μg / ml, dihydrochlorin iron 0.1-0.5μg / ml; the spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor B used in the budding stage is preferably: S-inducing factor 5-25μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 20-40μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.5-2μg / ml. It can be seen that although both flower-promoting regulatory factors A and B use S-inducing factor and dihydrochlorin iron, the spraying concentration is not the same. Only when S-inducing factor and dihydrochlorin iron are controlled in an appropriate concentration range during spraying can a better flower-promoting and flower-strengthening effect be obtained.

[0130] The reason why the concentration ranges of S-inducing factor and dihydrochlorin iron in the flowering regulatory factor A and the flowering regulatory factor B are different is mainly because: in the mature stage of autumn shoots, the degree of lignification of the tree is higher than that in the budding stage, and the absorption and utilization rate of the liquid medicine is reduced. At the same time, this period is used to regulate the content of endogenous gibberellic acid / abscisic acid in the tree. The application of a higher concentration of S-inducing factor (25-40ug / ml) with a lower concentration of dihydrochlorin iron (0.1-0.5μg / ml) can have a positive effect. Effectively increase the accumulation of endogenous flowering hormones in the tree and increase the number of flowers in the next year; when the tree enters the spring bud germination period - budding period (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), applying a lower concentration of S-inducing agent (5-25μg / ml) with a higher concentration of dihydrochlorin iron (0.5-2μg / ml) is beneficial to improve the tree's ability to resist low temperature stress, promote plant root development, and promote the root system to secrete endogenous cytokinins, which is beneficial to the differentiation of citrus flower buds, improve the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering. Comparative test example: Comparative test of citrus flower promotion and flower regulation (comparison of formulas and comparison of spraying timing)

[0131] (1) Experimental design:

[0132] Experimental location: Xinyu, Jiangxi; citrus variety: mandarin orange.

[0133] Planting pattern: The experimental site is a gently sloping mountain with sufficient fertility. The mandarin orange trees are 4 years old and are managed in a conventional manner.

[0134] 160 citrus trees of the same age and size from the same region were selected and randomly divided into 6 experimental groups and 2 control groups, with 20 citrus trees in each group.

[0135] The experimental group (A) was sprayed with flower-promoting regulatory factor A during the autumn shoot maturity period and the early bud formation period of the following year. The formula was the same as A in Experimental Example 2, namely, 5% S-inducing factor + 10% calcium procyclate + 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron, which was diluted 1500 times with water and then sprayed.

[0136] The experimental group (B) was sprayed with flower-promoting regulatory factor B during the autumn shoot maturity period and the early bud formation period of the following year. The formula was the same as B in Experimental Example 2, namely, 1% S-inducing factor + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron, which was diluted 1500 times with water and then sprayed.

[0137] The experimental group (C) was sprayed with flowering-promoting regulatory factor A during the mature stage of autumn shoots, with the same formula as A in Experimental Example 2 (containing 5% S-inducing factor + 10% calcium cyclohexadione + 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron), and flowering-promoting regulatory factor B was sprayed at the early stage of bud appearance in the following year, with the same formula as B in Experimental Example 2 (containing 1% S-inducing factor A + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron), which was diluted 1500 times with water and then sprayed.

[0138] The experimental group (D) was sprayed with flowering-promoting regulatory factor A during the mature stage of autumn shoots. The formula contained 10% S-inducing factor + 10% calcium cyclohexadione + 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron (the amount of S-inducing factor was increased by 2 times on the basis of implementation 2). In the following year, flowering-promoting regulatory factor B was sprayed at the early stage of bud appearance. The formula contained 10% S-inducing factor A + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron (the amount of S-inducing factor was increased by 10 times on the basis of implementation 2). It was diluted 1500 times with water and then sprayed.

[0139] The experimental group (E) was sprayed with flowering-promoting regulatory factor A during the mature stage of autumn shoots, with a formula containing 0.5% S-abortin + 20% prochlorazine calcium + 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron (the amount of S-abortin was reduced to one-tenth and the amount of prochloraz calcium was increased to two times on the basis of implementation 2). In the following year, flowering-promoting regulatory factor B was sprayed at the early stage of bud appearance, with a formula containing 0.1% S-abortin + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron (the amount of S-abortin was reduced to one-tenth on the basis of implementation 2), and it was diluted 1500 times with water before spraying.

[0140] The formula and dilution ratio of the flower-promoting regulatory factors A and B in the test group (F) were the same as those in the test group (C), except that the flower-promoting regulatory factor B was sprayed before budding.

[0141] Control group 1 (CK1) is in the autumn shoot maturity stage and the early bud appearance stage of the following year, and is sprayed with the control and flowering promotion agents disclosed in the existing patent technology (CN115299441A), namely: uniconazole 1300 mg / L, S-inducible hormone 28 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 400 mg / L, brassinolide 0.01 mg / L and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4000 mg / L, and no water dilution is required during spraying.

[0142] The control group 2 (CK2) was sprayed with clean water during the autumn shoot maturity stage and the early bud formation stage of the following year.

[0143] (2) Spraying method:

[0144] In the mature stage of autumn shoots, one week before budding in the next year, and before spraying at the bud stage, both the flower-promoting regulating factor A and the flower-promoting regulating factor B are diluted with water to a certain concentration before spraying. The flower-promoting agent does not need to be diluted and sprayed directly. When spraying, the front and back of the leaves of the whole plant are wet and the liquid does not drip. Spray twice in total. The concentration of the agent for the second spraying: the first and second times of the drug are diluted with water to 1500 times.

[0145] (3) Statistics:

[0146]

[0147]

[0148] (4)Explanation of test results:

[0149] By comparing the test results of the seven groups of test groups (A) to (E) with CK1 and CK2, it can be seen that: although the number of flowers of CK1 is more than that of the test groups (A) to (E), the deformed flower rate of CK1 is higher than that of the test groups (A) to (E), and the plant yield of CK1 is lower than that of the test groups (A) to (E). Compared with the clear water control CK2, CK1 has a certain effect of promoting and strengthening flowers; compared with the test groups (A) to (E), CK1 has more flowers, but more deformed flowers, resulting in poor flowering quality, low single plant yield, and a large amount of control agent (the total amount of the four plant growth regulators used is 15-20 times the regulatory factor used in the present invention). It is shown that the implementation of the present invention has a significant effect on promoting and strengthening flowering, which can significantly increase the number of flowers of citrus in the next year, improve the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering, reduce the rate of deformed flowers, reduce the difficulty of fruit preservation, and increase the yield of citrus; the implementation of the present invention can not only effectively reduce the premature aging of trees and deformed flowers caused by shoot control agents, improve the resistance of citrus to adverse environments, but also greatly reduce the use of growth control agents.

[0150] By comparing the test results of the three groups (A), (B), and (C), it can be seen that the group with the best effect of promoting flowering and strengthening flowers after spraying is the test group (C). The test group (A) only sprayed the flower-promoting regulatory factor A during the autumn shoot maturation period and the initial stage of budding the following year, and the test group (B) only sprayed the flower-promoting regulatory factor B during the autumn shoot maturation period and the initial stage of budding the following year. Their flower-promoting and strengthening effects were not as good as those of the test group (C). Note: Different growth regulator combinations must be used for targeted regulation in the autumn shoot maturation stage (physiological differentiation period) and from 1 week before budding the following year to the bud stage (morphological differentiation period). Among them, the flower-promoting regulatory factor A is sprayed during the autumn shoot maturation period, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B is sprayed at the initial stage of budding the following year.

[0151] Comparison of the results of the three groups of experiments (C), (D) and (E) shows that the group with the best effect of promoting and strengthening flowers after spraying is the experimental group (C). The flower-promoting regulatory factor A (physiological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (D) is based on the experiment (C), and the amount of S-inducing factor is increased to 2 times, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B (morphological differentiation period) sprayed is based on the experiment (C), and the amount of S-inducing factor is increased to 10 times; while the flower-promoting regulatory factor A (physiological differentiation period) sprayed by the experimental group (E) is based on the experiment (C), and the amount of S-inducing factor is reduced to one-tenth, and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B (morphological differentiation period) sprayed is based on the experiment (C), and the amount of S-inducing factor is reduced to one-tenth; the flower-promoting and strengthening effects of the experimental groups (D) and (E) are not as good as those of the experimental group (C). Note: The flower-promoting regulatory factor A sprayed during the physiological differentiation period and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B sprayed during the morphological differentiation period have different formula components and their component dosages must also be strictly controlled. The most preferred flower-promoting regulatory factor A contains 5% S-inducing factor + 10% prohexadione calcium + 0.02% dihydrochlorin iron (sprayed after dilution 1500 times), and the most preferred flower-promoting regulatory factor B contains 1% S-inducing factor A + 4% benzylaminopurine + 0.1% dihydrochlorin iron (sprayed after dilution 1500 times).

[0152] By comparing the test results of the two groups (C) and (F), we can see that the test group (F) has the worst effect of promoting flowering and strengthening flowers after spraying. The test group (F) sprayed the flower-promoting regulatory factor B from the early budding stage of the next year to before budding, and the rest was the same as the test group (C). This shows that the spraying time of the flower-promoting regulatory factor B is very critical, and it must be sprayed at the early budding stage of the next year and cannot be sprayed before budding.

[0153] The reason why the above test group (C) has the best effect in promoting and strengthening flowers may be:

[0154] 1. The mature stage of citrus autumn shoots is also the physiological differentiation stage of citrus flower buds. This period is the key period for the transformation of axillary buds from leaf buds to flower buds, which is the stage that determines the number of flowers in the next year. Applying S-inducing hormone and prohexadione calcium during this period can effectively reduce the level of endogenous flower-inhibiting hormone gibberellic acid GA3 in the tree, and can effectively induce the dynamic balance of endogenous flower hormone S-inducing hormone / gibberellic acid, thereby promoting the transformation of axillary buds to flower buds; secondly, dihydrochlorin iron, prohexadione calcium, and S-inducing hormone can enhance leaf photosynthesis, promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products, and benefit the transfer of photosynthetic output to reproductive growth, thereby increasing the number of flowers in the next year.

[0155] 2. The budding period of citrus is an important period that affects the quality of flower buds and is also the key period for flowering. This period is the peak period of endogenous cytokinins in citrus. Applying benzylaminopurine (cytokinin) during this period can induce flower bud cell division, promote budding and improve flower bud quality. At the same time, dihydrochlorin iron has an up-regulating effect on the key genes of the signaling pathway of brassinolide and S-inducing hormone, two major endogenous hormones of plants that improve plant resistance. Supplementing S-inducing hormone and dihydrochlorin iron during this period can effectively induce the resistance of citrus to abnormal weather such as low temperature and continuous rainy climate, and can effectively reduce the bud deformity caused by low temperature and low light climate.

[0156] 3. The present invention adopts flower-promoting regulatory factor A (S-inducing factor, dihydrochlorin iron combined with calcium cyclohexadione) and flower-promoting regulatory factor B (S-inducing factor, dihydrochlorin iron combined with benzylaminopurine) to regulate the differentiation of citrus flower buds in the mature stage and bud stage of citrus autumn shoots, respectively, so as to achieve the effect of synergistically increasing the number of flowers and improving the quality of flowers, and is beneficial to the increase of branch fruit setting and yield.

[0157] 4. The reason why the spraying concentrations of S-inducing factor and dihydrochlorin iron in the flower-promoting regulatory factor A and the flower-promoting regulatory factor B are different is mainly because: in the mature stage of autumn shoots, the degree of lignification of the tree is higher than that in the budding stage, and the absorption and utilization rate of the liquid medicine is reduced. At the same time, this period is used to regulate the content of endogenous gibberellic acid / abscisic acid in the tree. The application of a higher concentration of S-inducing factor (the ratio of Group C is 5%) with a lower concentration of dihydrochlorin iron (the ratio of Group C is 0.02%) can effectively Improve the accumulation of endogenous flowering hormones in the tree and increase the number of flowers in the next year; when the tree enters the spring bud sprouting period - budding period (flower bud morphological differentiation stage), apply a lower concentration of S-inducing agent (Group C ratio is 1%) with a higher concentration of dihydrochlorin iron (Group C ratio is 0.1%), which is beneficial to enhance the tree's ability to resist low temperature stress, promote plant root development, and prompt the roots to secrete endogenous cytokinins, which is beneficial to the morphological differentiation of citrus flower buds, and improve the quality of flower buds and the uniformity of flowering.

[0158] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions made to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the equalization changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating and controlling citrus flowering, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Spraying flower-promoting regulatory factor A during the mature stage of citrus autumn shoots; (2) Spray the flower-promoting regulatory factor B on citrus fruits from one week before budding to the bud stage in the following year.

2. A method for regulating and controlling citrus flowering promotion and strengthening according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flower-promoting regulatory factor A described in step (1) has the following components and spraying concentrations: S-inducing factor 15-50 μg / ml, prohexadione calcium 25-100 μg / ml, dihydrochlorin iron 0.05-1 μg / ml, and the remainder is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

3. The method for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus flowers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor B described in step (2) are: S-inducing factor 1-35 μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 10-70 μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.1-2 μg / ml, and the remainder is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

4. The method for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus flowers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor A described in step (1) are: 25-40 μg / ml of S-inducing factor, 50-75 μg / ml of calcium prohexadione, 0.1-0.5 μg / ml of dihydrochlorin iron, and the remainder is an agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

5. The method for promoting flowering and strengthening citrus flowers according to claim 3, characterized in that: The components and spraying concentration of the flower-promoting regulatory factor B described in step (2) are: S-inducing factor 5-25 μg / ml, benzylaminopurine 20-40 μg / ml, and dihydrochlorin iron 0.5-2 μg / ml, and the remainder is agriculturally acceptable adjuvant.

6. The method for regulating and controlling citrus flowering promotion and strengthening according to claim 1, characterized in that: The formulation forms of the flowering-promoting regulatory factor A include but are not limited to soluble powders, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules; the formulation forms of the flowering-promoting regulatory factor B include but are not limited to soluble concentrates, emulsifiable concentrates, soluble powders, emulsions, suspensions, wettable powders, and granules; the flowering-promoting regulatory factor A and the flowering-promoting regulatory factor B can be used in combination with any one or more of amino acid foliar fertilizers, humic acid, macro-element water-soluble fertilizers, and medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers.

7. Application of the control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in citrus cultivation.

8. Application of the control method according to claim 7 in citrus planting, characterized in that: The flower-promoting regulating factor A and the flower-promoting regulating factor B are sprayed on the whole citrus tree to promote flowering and strengthen the flowers. The spraying is done after 4 o'clock on a sunny day, and the front and back sides of the leaves of the whole plant are wetted without dripping. The water consumption per mu is controlled at 300-400L.

9. Application of the control method according to claim 7 in citrus planting, characterized in that: The citrus is selected from but not limited to any one of Ehime 38, Wogan, Shatangju, Ugly Mandarin, Newhall Navel Orange, Mandarin Orange, Ehime 28, Lugan, Harumi, Shiranui, Lunwan and orange, and mixed citrus varieties.

10. Application of the control method according to claim 9 in citrus planting, characterized in that: After application on citrus, the number of flowers in the following year increased by 9.74% to 22.36%, the rate of deformed flowers decreased by 12.7% to 27.11%, and the yield increase rate of citrus could reach up to 23.07%.

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