Silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig raising

Abstract

The invention discloses an ensiling method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig raising, and particularly relates to the field of ensiling, and the ensiling method comprises the following steps: airing harvested sweet potato vines, removing impurities, cutting and crushing, then uniformly mixing cellulase, lactic acid bacteria and other biological enzyme preparations with corn flour, and adding the treated sweet potato vines to obtain a first-stage product; adding rice bran and wheat bran to adjust moisture, uniformly stirring the product to form a second-stage product, and bundling and coating the silage by using a bundling machine and a coating machine; then, according to the peroxide concentration, lactic acid bacteria activity and moisture content of the first-stage product and the second-stage product, oxidation index evaluation is carried out, first-class and second-class oxidation indexes are generated, then oxidation comprehensive indexes are calculated, and the silage environment, the microbial dosage and the antioxidant proportion are dynamically adjusted according to the indexes so as to optimize the silage effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of silage, and more particularly to an silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming. Background Art

[0002] The publication number is CN108887466A, which discloses a sweet potato vine silage feed and an silage method for antibiotic-free ecological pig farming. The solution is prepared by using sweet potato vine as the main raw material, supplemented with a small amount of rice bran, corn flour and microbial additives, and adopting a wrapping silage process; the sweet potato vine used in the solution is rich in vitamins, trace elements and cellulose, and the corn flour and rice bran can supplement carbohydrates and proteins, and adjust the nutrition and palatability of the silage feed; lactic acid bacteria are beneficial bacteria, which can improve gastrointestinal function and enhance the body's immunity; the disclosed sweet potato vine silage is used to promote the gastrointestinal health of pigs, enhance immunity, improve pork quality and improve the reproductive performance of breeding pigs;

[0003] In the above scheme, corn flour is added during the ensiling process mainly to increase the energy density of the feed, especially to increase the fermentable carbon source and promote lactic acid fermentation, thereby improving the overall nutritional value of the silage; however, the unsaturated fatty acids rich in corn flour, especially linoleic acid, will cause oxidation problems; linoleic acid, as a polyunsaturated fatty acid, is prone to oxidation reactions in the ensiling environment, especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions, the oxidation process will be intensified to generate peroxides and free radicals; these oxidation products not only reduce the nutritional quality of the silage, but also may affect the digestion and absorption of pigs, and even endanger their health; therefore, how to effectively control the oxidation reaction of linoleic acid in corn flour during the ensiling process to avoid the negative impact of fatty acid oxidation on feed quality and pig health has become a key issue that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ensiling method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming, which solves the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology through a staged oxidation and fermentation control method and a dynamic feedback regulation strategy.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for silage of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming, comprising:

[0006] Firstly, harvested sweet potato vines are obtained, and the sweet potato vines are sequentially dried, impurities are removed, and cut and crushed, and the biological enzyme preparation and corn flour are mixed, and the biological enzyme preparation mixed with corn flour is added to the cut and crushed sweet potato vines to obtain a first-stage product of the sweet potato vines; the biological enzyme preparation includes cellulase and lactic acid bacteria;

[0007] The moisture content of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is adjusted by adding rice bran and wheat bran for adjusting the moisture level; the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine and the rice bran and wheat bran are added into a blender and stirred evenly to obtain the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine;

[0008] The second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is sent into the baler by a silage baler for baling to obtain silage bales; then the silage bales are coated by a silage coating machine to obtain silage bags of the finished sweet potato vine silage feed; after the coating is completed, the silage bags are transported to a storage place;

[0009] When the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the peroxide concentration value and the lactic acid bacteria activity value of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine are obtained, and when the peroxide concentration value is higher than a preset peroxide concentration threshold, or the lactic acid bacteria activity value is lower than a preset lactic acid bacteria activity threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed; when the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the water content of the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, and when the water content is higher than a preset water content threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed;

[0010] Before evaluating the oxidation index, if the evaluation object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data of the first-stage product are obtained; if the evaluation object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data, microbial fermentation environment data and water regulation data of the second-stage product are obtained;

[0011] When evaluating oxidation indices, a first type of oxidation index is generated based on fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, and a second type of oxidation index is generated based on water control data;

[0012] If the evaluated object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index; if the evaluated object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index and the second-class oxidation index; the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio are adjusted according to the comprehensive oxidation index.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the proposed fatty acid oxidation data is F ox ; Fatty acid oxidation data is used to reflect the oxidation status of fatty acids during ensiling; to represent the effect of temperature on the initial oxidation state; through γR ox ·ln(K ox +1) to reflect the influence of accumulated products during oxidation;

[0014]

[0015] Among them C ox is the initial concentration of fatty acid oxidation products, which means the initial concentration of peroxides or other oxidation products measured at the beginning of ensilage; is an exponential function, which indicates the effect of temperature on the oxidation reaction; T ox is the temperature of the oxidation environment; α is the temperature coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of temperature on the oxidation rate; R oX is the oxidation reaction rate constant, indicating the oxidation rate of fatty acids during ensiling; K ox is the secondary oxide accumulation coefficient, which refers to the accumulation of secondary oxidation products generated during the oxidation process and is used to reflect the persistence of the oxidation reaction; γ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the oxidation reaction rate constant R ox Weighting for overall oxidation data.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the proposed microbial fermentation environment data is E fer , the microbial fermentation environment data is used to reflect the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process; To reflect the nonlinear changes of lactic acid bacteria activity under acidic environment and temperature, δln(W fer +1) to indicate the effect of water activity on microorganisms;

[0017]

[0018] Among them, M LB is the lactic acid bacteria density, indicating the concentration of lactic acid bacteria during ensiling; θ pH is the pH control coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of silage acid environment on the activity of lactic acid bacteria; is the temperature influence factor, T fer is the temperature of the fermentation environment, β is the temperature coefficient, and a negative exponent is used to indicate the inhibition of lactic acid bacteria activity by increasing temperature; W fer is the fermentation water activity, and the moisture content affects the growth and metabolism of microorganisms; δ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the weight of water activity on the microbial fermentation environment data.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the proposed moisture control data is W ctrl , moisture control data are used to evaluate the impact of second-stage product moisture management on silage; to represent the nonlinear change of solid water content under the control of pressure; to control the influence of relative humidity by -μln(RH+1), and to limit its growth by logarithmic function; s To express the promoting effect of feed density on water distribution;

[0020]

[0021] Where S m H is the solid water content in the material, reflecting the water retention in the silage material; ctrlis the moisture control pressure, indicating the intensity of moisture regulation; RH is the relative humidity of the silage environment, indicating the effect of external humidity on the moisture content of silage materials; D s is the density of silage, the higher the density, the more uniform the moisture distribution; λ, μ, and σ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to balance the weights of moisture control pressure, relative humidity, and silage density.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a first type of oxidation index and a second type of oxidation index are generated;

[0023] The first type of oxidation index is proposed to be O1;

[0024] O1=ηF ox +ζE fer ·ln(F ox +1)

[0025] Where η and ζ are balance coefficients, which adjust the weights of fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, respectively, and use a logarithmic function to balance the differences between the data;

[0026] The proposed second-class oxidation index is O2;

[0027]

[0028] Among them, K H is the persistence coefficient of the effect of moisture on oxidation; it balances the effect of moisture regulation data through the inverse function form;

[0029] Generate the comprehensive oxidation index O based on the first oxidation index O1 and the second oxidation index O2 total ;

[0030] For the first stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1;

[0031] For the second stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1+γO2·ln(O1+1);

[0032] Among them, γ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the weight of O2 in the comprehensive index and ensure the influence of the second type of oxidation index in the comprehensive oxidation index.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, when adjusting the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio by the comprehensive oxidation index, a feedback control formula is introduced; the silage environmental parameters include temperature and humidity; the microbial dosage includes the lactic acid bacteria dosage; the antioxidant additive ratio includes the antioxidant ratio; the feedback control formula is:

[0034]

[0035] ΔOtotal =O total -O target

[0036] Where P new is the updated parameter value; P current is the current parameter value; θ is the feedback adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the sensitivity of parameter adjustment; ΔO total is the deviation of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating the current value O total With the target value O target The gap between them; w is the influence weight of the parameter, indicating the different effects of each parameter on the comprehensive oxidation index; τ is the damping coefficient;

[0037] in is the cumulative rate of change of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating that the comprehensive oxidation index O total The cumulative changes of are used to adjust the response speed of dynamic balance parameters.

[0038] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention:

[0039] 1. This scheme effectively reflects the oxidation and fermentation status at different stages of the silage process by collecting and calculating fatty acid oxidation data, microbial fermentation environment data and water control data, combined with the phased evaluation of Class I and Class II oxidation indicators; thus, it can grasp the oxidation risk and fermentation level in real time, providing technical guarantee for the quality stability of silage;

[0040] 2. By introducing the feedback control formula, the temperature, humidity, microbial dosage and antioxidant additive ratio are adjusted according to the deviation between the comprehensive oxidation index and the target value to achieve closed-loop control; this dynamic control mechanism can adapt to environmental changes during silage, prevent excessive or insufficient adjustment, ensure that the oxidation of feed is controlled within the ideal range, and effectively improve the quality of feed;

[0041] 3. In the second stage, the collection of moisture control data was introduced. Combined with factors such as material density and relative humidity, the moisture effect was balanced through a logarithmic function, which effectively achieved uniform distribution of moisture in the feed, reduced the risk of local oxidation caused by uneven moisture, and improved the overall quality and storage stability of silage;

[0042] 4. By obtaining the initial oxide concentration and temperature index items, the solution can effectively monitor and control the oxidation degree of unsaturated fatty acids in the early stage of silage, especially the oxidation risk of linoleic acid in corn meal, ensuring that the nutritional components of silage are retained, improving the generation of oxidation products, and reducing adverse effects on the health of farmed animals;

[0043] 5. This program uses factors such as lactic acid bacteria density, acidity regulation and temperature inhibition to evaluate and control the activity level of microorganisms in the fermentation environment. This mechanism effectively promotes the stable fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, reduces the reproduction of adverse microorganisms, and improves the fermentation quality of feed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Refer to the instruction manual Figure 1 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method for silage of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming comprises:

[0047] Firstly, harvested sweet potato vines are obtained, and the sweet potato vines are sequentially dried, impurities are removed, and cut and crushed, and the biological enzyme preparation and corn flour are mixed, and the biological enzyme preparation mixed with corn flour is added to the cut and crushed sweet potato vines to obtain a first-stage product of the sweet potato vines; the biological enzyme preparation includes cellulase and lactic acid bacteria;

[0048] The moisture content of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is adjusted by adding rice bran and wheat bran for adjusting the moisture level; the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine and the rice bran and wheat bran are added into a blender and stirred evenly to obtain the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine;

[0049] The second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is sent into the baler by a silage baler for baling to obtain silage bales; then the silage bales are coated by a silage coating machine to obtain silage bags of the finished sweet potato vine silage feed; after the coating is completed, the silage bags are transported to a storage place;

[0050] When the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the peroxide concentration value and the lactic acid bacteria activity value of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine are obtained, and when the peroxide concentration value is higher than a preset peroxide concentration threshold, or the lactic acid bacteria activity value is lower than a preset lactic acid bacteria activity threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed; when the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the water content of the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, and when the water content is higher than a preset water content threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed;

[0051] Before evaluating the oxidation index, if the evaluation object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data of the first-stage product are obtained; if the evaluation object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data, microbial fermentation environment data and water regulation data of the second-stage product are obtained;

[0052] When evaluating oxidation indices, a first type of oxidation index is generated based on fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, and a second type of oxidation index is generated based on water control data;

[0053] If the evaluated object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index; if the evaluated object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index and the second-class oxidation index; the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio are adjusted according to the comprehensive oxidation index.

[0054] The raw materials required by the present invention are mainly sweet potato vines, rice bran or wheat bran, corn flour and biological enzyme additives; the sweet potato vines are sourced from the sweet potato vines harvested in October and November each year by the company according to the sweet potato vine supply and marketing contract signed with the production farmers, and in accordance with the sweet potato vine quality inspection requirements - the moisture content is 70%-75%, no mold and deterioration, and the sundries and dried sweet potato vines are screened out. After passing the inspection, they are purchased at 600-700 yuan / t;

[0055] The harvested sweet potato vines go through seven main process steps: drying, removing impurities, cutting, adding, mixing, bundling, wrapping, and placing:

[0056] 1. Drying and removing impurities: mainly manually screening out obviously rotten leaves and branches and other debris to prevent scratches during wrapping. For those with too much moisture, simple drying is required;

[0057] 2. Cutting: It is necessary to adjust the slices of the cutting machine to ensure that the cutting length is less than 2cm to meet the crushing requirements of the sweet potato vines;

[0058] 3. Addition: Biological enzyme preparations (including cellulase, lactic acid bacteria, etc., the addition ratio needs to be based on the packaging instructions) are added at a ratio of 1g / t (average of about 0.1g / bag of bacteria) and first mixed with corn flour, and then added when the sweet potato vines are stirred and mixed to ensure the smooth cultivation of the bacteria; rice bran and wheat bran are used to adjust the moisture level (the moisture content after production is about 65%, using the gripping method: grab a handful of chopped feed and squeeze it hard for half a minute, then slowly release your hands and observe the changes in juice and lumps: if juice flows out between the fingers, it indicates that the moisture content of the raw material is higher than 75%; if the lumps do not disperse and there are water marks on the palm, it indicates that the moisture content of the raw material is between 69-75%; if the lumps slowly disperse and the palm is wet, it indicates that the moisture content is 60-67%, which is the best moisture content for making silage; if the raw material does not form lumps, but suddenly disperses like a sponge, it indicates that its moisture content is less than 60%), add according to the moisture content of the sweet potato vine;

[0059] 4. Mixing: Add sweet potato vines and rice bran into the mixer and mix them evenly (fill it up at one time and mix for about 10 minutes / time); or you can mix it manually, the mixing method is similar to mixing concrete, and mix it evenly;

[0060] 5. Baling: The baler compacts and bales the silage while feeding. It stops automatically (about 90 seconds / bale) when the weight reaches a certain size (110kg-120kg / bale). The baler model is YK-5552 silage round baler, produced in Jinan, Shandong.

[0061] 6. Film wrapping: After the bale is formed, it is placed on the film wrapping machine and the automatic film wrapping is started. The number of wrapping layers can be set (set to 3 layers, taking about 30 seconds per piece). After the film wrapping is completed, the production date and serial number are written with a marker. The film wrapping machine model is BM-5552 round bale film wrapping machine, produced in Jinan, Shandong.

[0062] 7. Placement: After wrapping, the packages can be neatly arranged in the factory or on the flat ground outside the pig house in the order of production date. The whole production process takes about 7 minutes per package. Generally, they can be opened and used after 1.5 months. The shelf life of the product is two years. If the package is broken during transportation and placement, it needs to be sealed with transparent tape in time.

[0063] In addition, it should be noted that the evaluation process of sweet potato vine silage is divided into one stage and two stages to solve the oxidation risk caused by corn flour and the moisture control problem during the silage process; in the first stage, after adding corn flour and biological enzymes, the peroxide concentration and lactic acid bacteria activity value are first obtained, because the unsaturated fatty acids in corn flour are very easy to oxidize, such as linoleic acid. The oxidation degree can be evaluated by peroxide concentration to detect oxidation risks at an early stage; at the same time, the activity of lactic acid bacteria is detected to ensure the stability of microbial fermentation and avoid inhibiting the growth of beneficial bacteria due to excessive oxidation; the purpose of this step is to inhibit the initial oxidation reaction caused by corn flour as early as possible to ensure the stability of fermentation in the early stage of silage;

[0064] In the second stage, after adding materials such as rice bran and wheat bran to regulate moisture, the focus is on monitoring the moisture content, and combining the fatty acid oxidation and microbial fermentation environmental data to generate the second type of oxidation index; because corn flour has strong water absorption, it can easily lead to uneven moisture distribution, thereby increasing the risk of local oxidation; through moisture control data, ensure that the silage material is within the appropriate humidity range to avoid further oxidation caused by excessive moisture; finally, through the comprehensive oxidation index, dynamically adjust the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage and antioxidant additive ratio to ensure the nutritional stability and quality of the entire silage process.

[0065] The proposed fatty acid oxidation data is F ox ; Fatty acid oxidation data is used to reflect the oxidation status of fatty acids during ensiling; To express the effect of temperature on the initial oxidation state, the higher the temperature, the faster the oxidation reaction, so an exponential function is used to express the nonlinear acceleration; through γR ox ·ln(K ox +1) to reflect the influence of accumulated products during oxidation, and a logarithmic function is used to control the nonlinear effect of secondary oxide accumulation;

[0066]

[0067] Among them C ox is the initial concentration of fatty acid oxidation products, which means the initial concentration of peroxides or other oxidation products measured at the beginning of ensilage; is an exponential function, which indicates the effect of temperature on the oxidation reaction; T ox is the temperature of the oxidation environment; α is the temperature coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of temperature on the oxidation rate; R ox K is the oxidation reaction rate constant, which indicates the oxidation rate of fatty acids during ensiling. The higher the value, the faster the oxidation. ox is the secondary oxide accumulation coefficient, which refers to the accumulation of secondary oxidation products generated during the oxidation process, and is used to reflect the persistence of the oxidation reaction; Y is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the oxidation reaction rate constant Rox weighting of the overall oxidation data;

[0068] The above formula combines multiple factors to capture the complex changes of the oxidation reaction in evaluating the oxidation state of fatty acids during the ensilage process. First, the starting point of the oxidation process is quantified by the initial oxide concentration, that is, the basic content of the ensilage material at the beginning of oxidation is determined. Then the temperature exponential term is used to represent the effect of temperature on the oxidation rate. Since the increase in temperature will accelerate the oxidation reaction, the exponential form can more accurately reflect this nonlinear acceleration relationship. Then the oxidation rate constant is used to measure the speed of the oxidation reaction to help analyze the speed of fatty acid oxidation during the ensilage process. In addition, the secondary oxide accumulation coefficient represents the gradual accumulation of secondary oxidation products, and a logarithmic form is used to balance its influence so that the accumulation rate of secondary products is coordinated with the overall oxidation state. Finally, the adjustment coefficient is used to control the weight of secondary oxidation in the overall data to ensure that the measurement of the oxidation state can reflect both the initial oxidation and the continuity of secondary oxidation. These parameters work together to form a comprehensive assessment of the oxidation reaction, which supports the adjustment of the environment and formula in the subsequent ensilage process to ensure the stability and nutrient retention of the feed.

[0069] The proposed microbial fermentation environment data is E fer , the microbial fermentation environment data is used to reflect the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process; To reflect the nonlinear changes of lactic acid bacteria activity under acidic environment and temperature, δln(W fer +1) to represent the effect of water activity on microorganisms, and a logarithmic function is used to balance the effect of water activity on the overall data;

[0070]

[0071] Among them, M LB is the lactic acid bacteria density, indicating the concentration of lactic acid bacteria during ensiling; θ pH It is the pH control coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of silage acid environment on the activity of lactic acid bacteria. The higher the value, the more suitable the environment is for lactic acid bacteria. is the temperature influence factor, T fer is the temperature of the fermentation environment, β is the temperature coefficient, and a negative exponent is used to indicate the inhibition of lactic acid bacteria activity by increasing temperature; W fer is the fermentation water activity, and the water content affects the growth and metabolism of microorganisms; δ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the weight of water activity on the microbial fermentation environment data;

[0072] In the above formula, the microbial fermentation environment data is used to evaluate the activity of lactic acid bacteria during the silage process to ensure the stability of the fermentation process; first, the concentration of lactic acid bacteria during the silage process is measured by the lactic acid bacteria density, which is the basis of fermentation stability, because the higher the number of lactic acid bacteria, the more stable the fermentation process; secondly, a control coefficient related to acidity is used to reflect the effect of acidic environment on the activity of lactic acid bacteria. The acidic environment is conducive to the activity of lactic acid bacteria, but when the acidity is too high, it may inhibit lactic acid bacteria, so this coefficient can help balance the positive and negative effects of acidity; next, the temperature influence factor uses a negative exponential form to express the effect of temperature on lactic acid bacteria. The higher the temperature, the more obvious the inhibitory effect on bacterial activity. The negative index can better reflect this nonlinear relationship. Water activity, as one of the key environmental conditions, expresses the effect of water on microorganisms in logarithmic form, which helps to balance the effect of water on the overall fermentation and avoid excessive fluctuations in lactic acid bacteria activity caused by extreme changes in moisture content. Finally, the adjustment coefficient is used to control the weight of water activity on fermentation environment data to ensure the appropriate influence of water in the comprehensive data. These parameters can accurately simulate the relationship between lactic acid bacteria activity and silage environment, thereby providing reliable data support for subsequent silage environment regulation.

[0073] The proposed water control data is W ctrl , moisture control data are used to evaluate the impact of second-stage product moisture management on silage; to represent the nonlinear change of solid water content under the control of pressure; to control the influence of relative humidity by -μln(RH+1), and to limit its growth by logarithmic function; s To express the promoting effect of feed density on water distribution;

[0074]

[0075] Where S m H is the solid water content in the material, reflecting the water retention in the silage material; ctrl is the moisture control pressure, indicating the intensity of moisture regulation. The higher the value, the stricter the moisture control. RH is the relative humidity of the silage environment, indicating the effect of external humidity on the moisture content of silage materials. D s is the density of silage, the higher the density, the more uniform the moisture distribution; λ, μ, and σ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to balance the weights of moisture regulation pressure, relative humidity, and silage density;

[0076] The calculation of moisture control data aims to accurately evaluate the effect of moisture management during the ensiling process to ensure the appropriate moisture and uniform distribution of the feed; first, the moisture retention state of the silage material is reflected by the solid moisture content in the material, which helps to determine the initial moisture content in the material; on this basis, the exponential term of moisture control pressure is used to represent the nonlinear change of moisture under the control pressure, because the stronger the control force, the more significant the effect of moisture on the material; next, the logarithmic function is used to limit the influence of external relative humidity to ensure that the humidity does not increase excessively and cause excess moisture; finally, the density term is introduced to reflect the role of feed density in promoting uniform moisture distribution, because high-density feed is more conducive to uniform moisture penetration; these parameters work together to form complete moisture control data, which can reflect the effect of the second-stage moisture management, help ensure that the silage remains stable within an appropriate humidity range, and provide data support for silage quality.

[0077] generating a first-class oxidation index and a second-class oxidation index;

[0078] The first type of oxidation index is proposed to be O1;

[0079] O1=ηF ox +ζE fer ·ln(F ox +1)

[0080] Among them, η and ζ are balance coefficients, which adjust the weights of fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data respectively, and use logarithmic functions to balance the differences between the data to ensure the rationality of a class of oxidation indicators;

[0081] The proposed second-class oxidation index is O2;

[0082]

[0083] Among them, K H It is the continuous coefficient of the effect of moisture on oxidation; it balances the effect of moisture control data in the form of an inverse function to ensure the accuracy of the second type of oxidation index;

[0084] Generate the comprehensive oxidation index O based on the first oxidation index O1 and the second oxidation index O2 total ;

[0085] For the first stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1;

[0086] For the second stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1+γO2·ln(O1+1);

[0087] Among them, γ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the weight of O2 in the comprehensive index and ensure the influence of the second type of oxidation index in the comprehensive oxidation index;

[0088] In order to avoid excessive influence of water regulation on the total index, a weight coefficient γ is added to balance the influence of O2 so that it can moderately adjust the comprehensive oxidation index; the relationship between O1 and O2 is balanced by the logarithmic function ln(O1+1); when O1 is small, ln(O1+1) grows slowly, making O2 have a greater influence on O total The impact of O1 is small; when O1 increases, the logarithmic growth will slow down, thus balancing the moisture impact of the second stage; this design can ensure that the impact of the second type of indicators gradually decreases as the first type of indicators increases, maintaining the stability of the total indicators;

[0089] The first-class oxidation index and the second-class oxidation index are used to evaluate the oxidation status at different stages of the ensilage process, respectively, to ensure the accuracy and pertinence of the data evaluation; the first-class oxidation index is based on fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, and the weights of these two data are adjusted by the balance coefficient to maintain a reasonable balance in the evaluation, and a logarithmic function is used to control the nonlinear growth of the oxidation data, making the evaluation results more stable and reasonable; the second-class oxidation index is based on moisture control data, combined with the continuous coefficient of the influence of moisture on oxidation, and the influence of moisture control data is limited by the inverse function to ensure the accuracy of the second-class oxidation index; finally, the comprehensive oxidation index combines the first-class and second-class oxidation indexes, and the weight of the second-class index in the comprehensive index is controlled by the adjustment coefficient, so that in the two stages of ensilage, the influence of moisture on oxidation is reasonably reflected, providing data support for subsequent parameter regulation; this staged, multi-factor design can more accurately reflect the oxidation status of silage, ensure the stability of the ensilage process and feed quality.

[0090] When adjusting the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio through the comprehensive oxidation index, a feedback control formula is introduced; the silage environmental parameters include temperature and humidity; the microbial dosage includes the lactic acid bacteria dosage; the antioxidant additive ratio includes the antioxidant ratio; the feedback control formula is:

[0091]

[0092] ΔO total =O total -O target

[0093] Where P new is the updated parameter value, indicating the adjustment value of temperature, humidity, lactic acid bacteria dosage or antioxidant ratio; P current is the current parameter value, i.e., the current temperature, humidity, lactic acid bacteria dosage or antioxidant concentration; θ is the feedback adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the sensitivity of parameter adjustment. The larger the θ value, the greater the adjustment range, and vice versa; ΔO total is the deviation of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating the current value O totalWith the target value O target The difference between ΔO and total >0 means the current oxidation level is higher than the target value and some parameter adjustments are needed to inhibit oxidation. total <0 means that the current oxidation level is lower than the target value, and the inhibition strength can be slightly reduced to optimize fermentation; w is the influence weight of the parameter, which indicates the different effects of each parameter on the comprehensive oxidation index. For example, the influence weight of temperature on oxidation may be greater than that of humidity; τ is the damping coefficient, which prevents the parameter value from fluctuating too drastically and is used to provide a smoothing effect of regulation;

[0094] in is the cumulative rate of change of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating that the comprehensive oxidation index O total The cumulative changes of the oxidation index are used for the response speed of dynamic balance parameter adjustment; this item can monitor the fluctuation degree of the oxidation index over time and reflect the change speed of oxidation. A larger value means that the oxidation changes violently and requires a faster response.

[0095] It should be noted that for feedback regulation, P new is based on the current parameter value P current Incremental adjustment, that is, each update is based on the current value to achieve gradual control; oxidation deviation term ΔO total ·w is used to determine the direction and intensity of parameter adjustment. When the comprehensive oxidation index is high, ΔO total When >0, the adjustment formula will guide the temperature and humidity to reduce or increase the concentration of antioxidants to inhibit oxidation; the weight w controls the influence of each parameter. For example, if the temperature has a stronger effect on oxidation, the w value will be larger;

[0096] The damping term τ is used to ensure the stability of the adjustment process and avoid large fluctuations in parameter values. By setting a reasonable T value, the adjustment process can be smoother and excessive parameter adjustment due to sudden changes in oxidation deviation can be avoided. The cumulative oxidation change rate term It is used to reflect the historical changes of the comprehensive oxidation index. When the oxidation index changes dramatically, this item will amplify the adjustment force to make the response faster. When the oxidation changes slowly, the adjustment range will be appropriately reduced to maintain stable regulation.

[0097] Oxidation comprehensive index control process:

[0098] Obtain comprehensive oxidation index O total , and O total With the target value O target Compare and calculate the deviation ΔO total ;

[0099] Calculate parameter update amount: Calculate new temperature, humidity, lactic acid bacteria dosage and antioxidant ratio through feedback control formula;

[0100] Smooth update: Use the damping term T and the cumulative change rate to control the smoothness of parameter adjustment to ensure process stability;

[0101] Dynamic adjustment: Continuous monitoring total , repeat the above steps according to the new deviation value until the comprehensive oxidation index approaches the target value.

[0102] The temperature is adjusted by the feedback control formula:

[0103]

[0104] The humidity is adjusted by the feedback control formula:

[0105]

[0106] where θ T and θ H are the feedback adjustment coefficients of temperature and humidity respectively; w T and w H Represent the weights of temperature and humidity respectively;

[0107] The dosage of lactic acid bacteria is adjusted by feedback control formula:

[0108]

[0109] where θ LB is the feedback regulation coefficient of lactic acid bacteria dosage; w LB is the weight of lactic acid bacteria on the comprehensive oxidation index;

[0110] Adjustment of antioxidant ratio through feedback control formula:

[0111]

[0112] where θ ant is the antioxidant adjustment coefficient, which determines the sensitivity of the adjustment ratio; ant for the weight of antioxidants in inhibiting oxidation;

[0113] The purpose of introducing the feedback control formula is to dynamically and accurately adjust the key parameters in the silage process to keep the comprehensive oxidation index within the ideal range; the oxidation reaction and microbial activity in the silage process are complex and changeable, and a single static parameter setting cannot adapt to the ever-changing environment; the feedback control formula can automatically adjust the temperature, humidity, microbial dosage and antioxidant additive ratio according to the gap between the comprehensive oxidation index and the target value, thereby continuously optimizing the fermentation and antioxidant conditions throughout the silage process, avoiding excessive or insufficient adjustment, and ensuring the quality and stability of silage;

[0114] Compared with the overall solution, this feedback control formula has the ability to respond immediately. Through the deviation value of the comprehensive oxidation index, that is, the difference between the current index and the target value, the formula can determine whether the current oxidation state meets the ideal situation and make appropriate adjustments to each control parameter. The cumulative oxidation change rate term in the formula reflects the historical fluctuation trend of the oxidation index, so that the adjustment is not only targeted at the current deviation, but also refers to the past change trend, so as to achieve a more stable regulation effect.

[0115] The introduction of this feedback control formula can provide a closed-loop system for the dynamic management of the silage environment; as the comprehensive oxidation indicators change, the system automatically adjusts the parameters, and makes another judgment and fine-tuning based on the new data in the next cycle to ensure that the silage process is always moving towards an ideal state; compared with traditional static control, the introduction of this formula makes the solution more flexible and accurate, which helps to achieve stable feed quality control in an uncertain silage environment and improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the silage process.

[0116] This solution uses a specific digital calculation method to achieve refined control of the oxidation and fermentation process of silage; specifically, the solution uses fatty acid oxidation data, microbial fermentation environment data and moisture control data, combined with the segmented calculation method of the first and second oxidation indicators. These indicators are processed through complex digital calculation formulas to reflect the oxidation and fermentation status at different stages. In addition, this solution also introduces a feedback control formula to compare the comprehensive oxidation index with the target value, and adjust the silage parameters such as temperature, humidity, microbial dosage and antioxidant ratio in real time to achieve data-driven dynamic control. This data processing and calculation method provides an efficient and accurate solution for a specific function - oxidation and fermentation control of silage, which meets the definition of digital calculation or data processing methods for specific functions;

[0117] In addition, regarding the application of silage in the breeding industry, it should be noted that:

[0118] 1. Silage can effectively preserve the nutrients of green fodder and increase the yield of nutrients per unit area;

[0119] 2. The production process is simple and is not affected by seasons and weather;

[0120] 3. Compared with preserving hay, making silage takes up less space;

[0121] 4. After anaerobic fermentation by microorganisms, silage has a sour aroma, good palatability and high feed intake;

[0122] 5. The silage fermentation process can reduce the content of nitrate and other toxic substances (HCN);

[0123] Silage for pigs

[0124] 1. In recent years, drawing on the successful experience of preparing silage for ruminants, it is a new trend to feed pigs with fermented green feed;

[0125] 2. Considering the national conditions of China, where the population is large but the cultivated land area is limited, the development of silage, an alternative feed resource, is a major breakthrough in solving the contradiction between people and pigs competing for food. Considering the characteristics of Chinese local pig breeds that tolerate roughage, silage is a good supplement to pig feed in terms of crude fiber, vitamins and minerals. It can expand feed resources and save costs, while improving certain specific traits of pigs (such as reproductive performance, and proper feeding of green feed can promote estrus in sows) to improve production performance;

[0126] 3. Feeding pigs with silage has a good effect on pork flavor, pig intestinal health, and reducing ammonia concentration in pens and improving air quality;

[0127] Compared with traditional silage such as pit storage, pile storage, and tower storage, stretch film wrapped silage has the following characteristics:

[0128] 1. The quality of silage (yellow silage) is good; due to the good sealing of the silage wrapped by stretch film, the quality of the anaerobic fermentation environment of lactic acid bacteria is improved, the nutritional value of the feed is improved, the smell is fragrant, the crude protein content is high, the crude fiber content is low, the digestibility is high, the palatability is good, the feeding rate is high, and the livestock utilization rate can reach 100%;

[0129] 2. No waste or mildew loss; compared with the traditional silage loss (20%-30%), the loss of forage juice and feeding loss are greatly reduced;

[0130] 3. It does not pollute the environment, has a long shelf life, and has good compaction and sealing properties. Due to its good sealing properties, there is no outflow of liquid. It is properly packaged, has a small volume, high density, and is easy to transport and commercialize, ensuring the balanced supply and year-round use of modern livestock silage in large, medium and small farms. It is not affected by seasons, sunshine, rainfall and groundwater levels, and can be piled in the open air for more than 1-2 years.

[0131] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for silage of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming, comprising: Firstly, harvested sweet potato vines are obtained, and the sweet potato vines are sequentially dried, impurities are removed, and cut and crushed, and the biological enzyme preparation and corn flour are mixed, and the biological enzyme preparation mixed with corn flour is added to the cut and crushed sweet potato vines to obtain a first-stage product of the sweet potato vines; the biological enzyme preparation includes cellulase and lactic acid bacteria; The moisture content of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is adjusted by adding rice bran and wheat bran for adjusting the moisture level; the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine and the rice bran and wheat bran are added into a blender and stirred evenly to obtain the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine; The second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is sent into the baler by a silage baler for baling to obtain silage bales; then the silage bales are coated by a silage coating machine to obtain silage bags of the finished sweet potato vine silage feed; after the coating is completed, the silage bags are transported to a storage place; Features: When the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the peroxide concentration value and the lactic acid bacteria activity value of the first-stage product of the sweet potato vine are obtained, and when the peroxide concentration value is higher than a preset peroxide concentration threshold, or the lactic acid bacteria activity value is lower than a preset lactic acid bacteria activity threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed; when the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, the water content of the second-stage product of the sweet potato vine is obtained, and when the water content is higher than a preset water content threshold, an oxidation index evaluation is performed; Before evaluating the oxidation index, if the evaluation object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data of the first-stage product are obtained; if the evaluation object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the fatty acid oxidation data, microbial fermentation environment data and water regulation data of the second-stage product are obtained; When evaluating oxidation indices, a first type of oxidation index is generated based on fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, and a second type of oxidation index is generated based on water control data; If the evaluated object is the first-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index; if the evaluated object is the second-stage product of sweet potato vine, the comprehensive oxidation index is obtained based on the first-class oxidation index and the second-class oxidation index; the silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio are adjusted according to the comprehensive oxidation index.

2. The silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proposed fatty acid oxidation data is F ox ; Fatty acid oxidation data is used to reflect the oxidation status of fatty acids during ensiling; to represent the effect of temperature on the initial oxidation state; through γR ox ·ln(K ox +1) to reflect the influence of accumulated products during oxidation; Among them C ox is the initial concentration of fatty acid oxidation products, which means the initial concentration of peroxides or other oxidation products measured at the beginning of ensilage; is an exponential function, which indicates the effect of temperature on the oxidation reaction; T ox is the temperature of the oxidation environment; α is the temperature coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of temperature on the oxidation rate; R ox is the oxidation reaction rate constant, indicating the oxidation rate of fatty acids during ensiling; K ox is the secondary oxide accumulation coefficient, which refers to the accumulation of secondary oxidation products generated during the oxidation process and is used to reflect the persistence of the oxidation reaction; γ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the oxidation reaction rate constant R ox Weighting for overall oxidation data.

3. The silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming according to claim 2, characterized in that: The proposed microbial fermentation environment data is E fer , the microbial fermentation environment data is used to reflect the activity of microorganisms in the fermentation process; To reflect the nonlinear changes of lactic acid bacteria activity in acidic environment and temperature, δln(W fer +1) to indicate the effect of water activity on microorganisms; Among them, M LB is the lactic acid bacteria density, indicating the concentration of lactic acid bacteria during ensiling; θ pH is the pH control coefficient, which is used to reflect the effect of silage acid environment on the activity of lactic acid bacteria; is the temperature influence factor, T fer is the temperature of the fermentation environment, β is the temperature coefficient, and a negative exponent is used to indicate the inhibition of lactic acid bacteria activity by increasing temperature; W fer is the fermentation water activity, and the moisture content affects the growth and metabolism of microorganisms; δ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the weight of water activity on the microbial fermentation environment data.

4. The silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming according to claim 3, characterized in that: The proposed water control data is W ctrl , moisture control data are used to evaluate the impact of second-stage product moisture management on silage; to represent the nonlinear change of solid water content under the control of pressure; to control the influence of relative humidity by -μln(RH+1), and to limit its growth by logarithmic function; s To express the promoting effect of feed density on water distribution; Where S m H is the solid water content in the material, reflecting the water retention in the silage material; ctrl is the moisture control pressure, indicating the intensity of moisture regulation; RH is the relative humidity of the silage environment, indicating the effect of external humidity on the moisture content of silage materials; D s is the density of silage, the higher the density, the more uniform the moisture distribution; λ, μ, and σ are adjustment coefficients, which are used to balance the weights of moisture control pressure, relative humidity, and silage density.

5. The silage method of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming according to claim 4, characterized in that: generating a first-class oxidation index and a second-class oxidation index; It is proposed that the first type of oxidation index is O1; O1=ηF ox +ζE fer ·ln(F ox +1) Where η and ζ are balance coefficients, which adjust the weights of fatty acid oxidation data and microbial fermentation environment data, respectively, and use a logarithmic function to balance the differences between the data; The proposed second-class oxidation index is O2; Among them, K H is the persistence coefficient of the effect of moisture on oxidation; it balances the effect of moisture regulation data through the inverse function form; Generate the comprehensive oxidation index O based on the first oxidation index O1 and the second oxidation index O2 total ; For the first stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1; For the second stage product of sweet potato vine: total =O1+γO2·ln(O1+1); Among them, γ is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the weight of O2 in the comprehensive index and ensure the influence of the second type of oxidation index in the comprehensive oxidation index.

6. The method for silage of sweet potato vine silage for ecological pig farming according to claim 5, characterized in that: When adjusting silage environmental parameters, microbial dosage or antioxidant additive ratio through comprehensive oxidation index, a feedback control formula is introduced; silage environmental parameters include temperature and humidity; microbial dosage includes lactic acid bacteria dosage; antioxidant additive ratio includes antioxidant ratio; The feedback control formula is: ΔO total =O total -Oh target Where P new is the updated parameter value; P current is the current parameter value; θ is the feedback adjustment coefficient, which is used to control the sensitivity of parameter adjustment; ΔO total is the deviation of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating the current value O total With the target value O target the gap between; w is the influence weight of the parameter, which indicates the different effects of each parameter on the comprehensive oxidation index; τ is the damping coefficient; in is the cumulative rate of change of the comprehensive oxidation index, indicating that the comprehensive oxidation index O total The cumulative changes of are used to adjust the response speed of dynamic balance parameters.

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