Catalyst for synthesizing 1, 2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a catalyst for synthesizing 1, 2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, adding a compound containing an active component into water, then adding a carrier for treatment, then removing moisture, and drying; the active component is Ni, and the carrier is bamboo activated carbon, gamma-type aluminum oxide or silicon carbide; step 2, calcining the obtained solid, modifying through element modification, drying the obtained solid, and calcining; step 3, reducing the obtained catalyst before use; and step 4, synthesizing the 1, 2-cyclohexanediol through catalytic hydrogenation of catechol by using the obtained catalyst. The invention also provides the catalyst for synthesizing 1, 2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, which is prepared by the method. The invention provides the catalyst for synthesizing 1, 2-cyclohexanediol through catalytic hydrogenation of catechol and the preparation method of the catalyst, a cheap and easily available way is designed, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a catalytic hydrogenation catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and a preparation method thereof, and in particular to a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In today's chemical industry, the demand for high-performance, multifunctional chemicals continues to grow. As an important organic compound, 1,2-cyclohexanediol has great application potential in many fields.

[0003] With the continuous advancement of science and technology, various industries have higher and higher requirements for the performance of raw materials. In the field of medicine, the research and development of new drugs requires more efficient and safe intermediates. Due to its unique chemical structure and properties, 1,2-cyclohexanediol can be used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of a variety of drugs, such as vitamin B6 and penicillin. In the field of materials science, the development of high-performance polymers and special materials has become a research hotspot. 1,2-cyclohexanediol can be used to synthesize polyesters, polyurethanes and other polymers with special properties, such as poly 1,2-cyclohexanediol adipate and 1,2-cyclohexanediol diglycidyl ether.

[0004] At present, the market demand for 1,2-cyclohexanediol is increasing, but the existing production technology and product quality still have certain limitations. For example, the complex synthesis process, high cost, unstable product purity and other issues restrict its application in a wider range of fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a catalyst for catalytic hydrogenation of catechol in a fixed bed reactor and a preparation method thereof, in view of the shortcomings and limitations of the prior art, reduce the cost of synthesis, improve the purity of the product, and provide the possibility for expanding production.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein the method comprises: step 1, adding a compound containing an active component into water, then adding a carrier for treatment, then removing the water, and drying; the active component used is Ni, and the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, γ-alumina or silicon carbide; step 2, calcining the solid obtained in step 1, then modifying it by elements, then drying the obtained solid, and calcining it; step 3, reducing the catalyst obtained in step 2 before use; step 4, using the catalyst obtained in step 3 to catalytically hydrogenate catechol to synthesize 1,2-cyclohexanediol.

[0007] The preparation method of the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in the step 1, a compound containing an active component is added to water, a carrier is added, uniformly dispersed, ultrasonicated, and then a nitric acid solution is added, continuously stirred, and ultrasonicated again, and then water is removed by evaporation or filtration, and then the obtained solid is washed to neutrality and heated and dried.

[0008] The preparation method of the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in the step 1, a compound containing an active component is added to deionized water, and then a carrier is added for uniform dispersion, and after ultrasonication for 20 minutes, a nitric acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol / L is added, stirring is continued, and ultrasonication is continued for 1 hour, and then evaporation or filtration is performed, and the obtained solid is washed with deionized water until it is neutral, and finally dried at a temperature of 80°C for 6-12 hours.

[0009] In the above-mentioned method for preparing the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, the carrier, bamboo activated carbon, gamma-alumina or silicon carbide, are particles with a particle size of 20-40 mesh.

[0010] The above-mentioned method for preparing the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in the step 2, the obtained solid is calcined and then modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg, and P.

[0011] The above-mentioned preparation method of the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in the step 2, the calcined solid is added to a deionized water solution containing a compound of a modifying element, stirred evenly, impregnated, and then the water is removed by evaporation or filtration, the obtained solid is washed with deionized water, then heated and dried, and then calcined.

[0012] The above-mentioned method for preparing the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in the step 3, the reduction conditions of the catalyst are pressure 0.1-4.0MPa, reduction temperature 100°C-400°C, reduction time 1-6h, the reducing gas used is a mixed gas composed of H2 and N2, and the volume concentration of hydrogen is 10%-100%.

[0013] The preparation method of the catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein, in step 4, 1,2-cyclohexanediol is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of catechol using the reduced catalyst, the reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the reaction temperature is 50°C-180°C, the reaction pressure is 1-4MPa, the mass concentration of catechol is 1%-20%, the solvent is any one of ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol, the molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol is 5-100:1, and the weight hourly space velocity of catechol is 0.05-1h -1 .

[0014] The present invention also provides a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol prepared by the above method.

[0015] The above-mentioned catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, wherein the catalyst uses Ni as the active component, and the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, γ-alumina or silicon carbide, and is further modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg, and P.

[0016] The catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

[0017] The present invention provides a catalyst for the catalytic hydrogenation of catechol in a fixed bed reactor, which is used for the reaction of selectively hydrogenating catechol to prepare 1,2-cyclohexanediol. A new production technology for 1,2-cyclohexanediol has been developed, which can improve product quality and yield, reduce production costs, and reduce environmental impact, and has important practical significance and broad market prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described below.

[0019] The invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol. The method comprises: step 1, adding a compound containing an active component into water, then adding a carrier for treatment, then removing water, and drying; the active component used is Ni, and the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, γ-type alumina or silicon carbide; step 2, calcining the solid obtained in step 1, then modifying it by elements, then drying the obtained solid, and calcining it; step 3, reducing the catalyst obtained in step 2 before use; and step 4, using the catalyst obtained in step 3 to catalytically hydrogenate catechol to synthesize 1,2-cyclohexanediol.

[0020] Preferably, step 1 is to add the compound containing the active ingredient into water, then add the carrier, disperse evenly, perform ultrasound, then add nitric acid solution, continue stirring, perform ultrasound, remove water by evaporation or filtration, and then wash the obtained solid to neutrality and heat and dry.

[0021] More preferably, step 1 is to add the compound containing the active ingredient into deionized water, then add the carrier to evenly disperse it, add a nitric acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol / L after ultrasonication for 20 minutes, continue stirring, and continue ultrasonication for 1 hour, then evaporate or filter, and wash the obtained solid with deionized water until it is neutral, and finally dry it at 80°C for 6-12 hours.

[0022] The bamboo activated carbon, gamma-alumina or silicon carbide used in the carrier are particles with a particle size of 20-40 meshes.

[0023] In step 2, the obtained solid is calcined and then modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg, and P.

[0024] In step 2, the calcined solid is added to a deionized water solution containing a compound of a modifying element, stirred evenly, and impregnated, and then the water is removed by evaporation or filtration, and the obtained solid is washed with deionized water, then heated and dried, and then calcined.

[0025] In step 3, the reduction conditions of the catalyst are pressure 0.1-4.0MPa, reduction temperature 100°C-400°C, reduction time 1-6h, and the reducing gas used is a mixture of H2 and N2, with a volume concentration of hydrogen of 10%-100%.

[0026] More preferably, the reduction conditions are: reduction pressure 1.0-2.0 MPa, reduction temperature 180° C.-200° C., reduction time 4-5 h, and H2 volume concentration 10%-20%.

[0027] In step 4, 1,2-cyclohexanediol is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of catechol using the reduced catalyst, and the reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The reactor is made of 316L stainless steel, the reaction temperature is 50°C-180°C, the reaction pressure is 1-4MPa, the mass concentration of catechol is 1%-20%, the solvent is any one of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol, the molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol is 5-100:1, and the weight hourly space velocity of catechol is 0.05-1h -1 .

[0028] More preferably, the reaction conditions are reaction temperature of 140°C-160°C, reaction pressure of 2-3MPa, catechol mass concentration of 1%-5%, solvent of ethanol or isopropanol, molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol of 5-20:1, and catechol weight hourly space velocity of 0.05-0.15h -1 .

[0029] The invention also provides a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol prepared by the method.

[0030] Preferably, the active component of the catalyst is Ni, the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, γ-alumina or silicon carbide, and it is modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg, and P.

[0031] The catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention are further described below in conjunction with the examples.

[0032] It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, conventional experimental conditions or conditions recommended in the manufacturer's instructions are used. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially, and substitutes with the same or similar effects can be used for equivalent replacement.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated γ-alumina and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.2mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 12h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated silicon carbide and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.5mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Filter and wash the obtained solid with deionized water until it is neutral. Then dry it at 80℃ for 10h and calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0039] Example 4

[0040] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0041] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of a Fe(NO3)2 solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol / L, stir it thoroughly, and then filter it. Wash the filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0042] Example 5

[0043] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0044] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of a Co(NO3)2 solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol / L, stir it thoroughly, and then filter it. Wash the filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0045] Example 6

[0046] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0047] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of a Zn(NO3)2 solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol / L, stir it thoroughly, and then filter it. Wash the filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0048] Example 7

[0049] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0050] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of a Cu(NO3)2 solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 mol / L, stir it thoroughly, and then filter it. Wash the filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0051] Example 8

[0052] Weigh 1.604g of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and dissolve it in 20g of deionized water. Then weigh 20g of treated bamboo activated carbon and evenly disperse it in the Ni(NO3)2 solution. After ultrasonic treatment for 20min, slowly add 3.5g of 0.1mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2h, and ultrasonicate for 1h. Rotary evaporate to anhydrous state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water until neutral, then dry it at 80℃ for 6h, and then calcine it at 500℃ for 4h.

[0053] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of a 0.1 mol / L Mg(NO3)2 solution, stir it thoroughly, and filter it. Wash the filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0054] Example 9

[0055] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Then immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Example 4 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, and rotary evaporate to a dry state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water, then dry it at 80°C for 6 h, and then calcine it at 500°C for 4 h.

[0056] Example 10

[0057] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Then immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Example 5 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, and rotary evaporate to a dry state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water, then dry it at 80°C for 6 h, and then calcine it at 500°C for 4 h.

[0058] Embodiment 11

[0059] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Then immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Example 6 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, and rotary evaporate to a dry state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water, then dry it at 80°C for 6 h, and then calcine it at 500°C for 4 h.

[0060] Example 12

[0061] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Then immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Example 7 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, and rotary evaporate to a dry state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water, then dry it at 80°C for 6 h, and then calcine it at 500°C for 4 h.

[0062] Example 13

[0063] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Then immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Example 8 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, and rotary evaporate to a dry state. Wash the obtained solid with deionized water, then dry it at 80°C for 6 h, and then calcine it at 500°C for 4 h.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Weigh 0.419 g of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 20 g of deionized water. Then weigh 20 g of treated bamboo activated carbon and disperse it in the RuCl3 solution. Slowly add 3.5 g of 0.1 mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2 h, rotary evaporate to anhydrous state, dry at 80 °C for 6 h, and calcine at 500 °C for 4 h.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Weigh 0.419 g of RuCl3 and dissolve it in 20 g of deionized water. Weigh 20 g of treated bamboo activated carbon and disperse it in the RuCl3 solution. Slowly add 3.5 g of 0.1 mol / L nitric acid solution, stir for 2 h, rotary evaporate to anhydrous state, dry at 80 °C for 6 h, and calcine at 500 °C for 4 h.

[0068] Weigh 10 g of the calcined catalyst, immerse it in 25 g of 0.1 mol / L Mg(NO3)2 solution, and filter it. Wash the resulting filter cake with deionized water until the conductivity of the washing liquid is less than 200 μS / m.

[0069] Comparative Example 3

[0070] Weigh 0.385 g of NH4H2PO4 and dissolve it in 33.48 g of water. Immerse 10 g of the catalyst obtained in Comparative Example 2 in the NH4H2PO4 solution, stir at 60°C for 2 h, rotary evaporate to anhydrous state, dry at 80°C for 6 h, and calcine at 500°C for 4 h.

[0071] The catalysts prepared in Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were used in the hydrogenation reaction of catechol.

[0072] The catalyst is reduced before use. The preferred reduction conditions are pressure 0.1-4.0MPa, reduction temperature 100°C-400°C, reduction time 1-6h, and the reduction gas used is a mixture of H2 and N2, with a hydrogen volume concentration of 10%-100%.

[0073] More preferably, the reduction conditions are: reduction pressure 1.0-2.0 MPa, reduction temperature 180° C.-200° C., reduction time 4-5 h, and H2 volume concentration 10%-20%.

[0074] Most preferably, the reduction conditions are: pressure 1 MPa, reduction temperature 200°C, heating rate 10°C / min, reduction time 5h, reduction gas H2, gas space velocity GHSV = 2500h -1 .

[0075] Gas Hourly Space Velocity (GHSV), also known as volumetric space velocity, is a parameter that characterizes catalyst performance, especially in catalytic reactions. It is defined as the volume flowing through the catalyst surface area per unit time.

[0076] The reduced catalyst is used to synthesize 1,2-cyclohexanediol by catalytic hydrogenation of catechol. The reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor made of 316L stainless steel.

[0077] Preferably, the reaction temperature is 50°C-180°C, the reaction pressure is 1-4MPa, the mass concentration of catechol is 1%-20%, the solvent is any one of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol, the molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol is 5-100:1, and the weight hourly space velocity of catechol is 0.05-1h -1 .

[0078] More preferably, the reaction conditions are reaction temperature of 140°C-160°C, reaction pressure of 2-3MPa, catechol mass concentration of 1%-5%, solvent of ethanol or isopropanol, molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol of 5-20:1, and catechol weight hourly space velocity of 0.05-0.15h -1 .

[0079] More preferably, the catalyst loading is 10 ml, the reaction temperature is 140°C, the reaction pressure is 3 MPa, the catechol concentration is 2%, the solvent is ethanol, the molar ratio of H2 to catechol is 7.5:1, and the catechol weight hourly space velocity is 0.1 h -1 .

[0080] The obtained catechol hydrogenation reaction results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0081] Table 1. Results of using the catalysts of various examples and comparative examples for hydrogenation of catechol to synthesize 1,2-cyclohexanediol.

[0082] Catechol conversion rate % 1,2-Cyclohexanediol selectivity % Example 1 12.34 66.70 Example 2 23.46 56.94 Example 3 5.12 88.67 Example 4 45.17 76.88 Example 5 0.72 56.91 Example 6 55.39 45.73 Example 7 33.01 74.25 Example 8 88.21 96.96 Example 9 25.55 57.10 Example 10 19.43 66.74 Embodiment 11 70.90 85.94 Example 12 46.22 74.42 Embodiment 13 90.77 100 Comparative Example 1 86.80 98.94 Comparative Example 2 53.21 76.10 Comparative Example 3 22.76 65.13

[0083] The catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention are used in a fixed bed reactor. Under the action of the catalyst, catechol is selectively hydrogenated to prepare 1,2-cyclohexanediol. A new production technology for 1,2-cyclohexanediol is developed, and the reaction efficiency and yield are high. The product quality and yield can be improved, the production cost can be reduced, the impact on the environment can be reduced, and the practical applicability of the production process is greatly improved.

[0084] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol, characterized in that: The method comprises: Step 1, adding a compound containing an active component into water, then adding a carrier for treatment, then removing moisture and drying; the active component used is Ni, and the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, γ-alumina or silicon carbide; Step 2, calcining the solid obtained in step 1, modifying it by elements, and then drying and calcining the obtained solid; Step 3, reducing the catalyst obtained in step 2 before use; Step 4: Using the catalyst obtained in step 3, 1,2-cyclohexanediol is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of catechol.

2. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, a compound containing an active ingredient is added to water, and then a carrier is added, uniformly dispersed, ultrasonicated, and then a nitric acid solution is added, continuously stirred, and ultrasonicated again, and then water is removed by evaporation or filtration, and then the obtained solid is washed to neutrality and heated to dry.

3. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 1, a compound containing an active ingredient is added to deionized water, and then a carrier is added to uniformly disperse the compound. After ultrasonication for 20 minutes, a nitric acid solution with a molar concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol / L is added, stirring is continued, and ultrasonication is continued for 1 hour. Then, the compound is evaporated or filtered, and the solid obtained is washed with deionized water until it is neutral, and finally dried at 80°C for 6-12 hours.

4. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The carrier, bamboo activated carbon, gamma alumina or silicon carbide, are particles with a particle size of 20-40 mesh.

5. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the obtained solid is calcined and then modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg, and P.

6. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In the step 2, the calcined solid is added to a deionized water solution containing a compound of a modifying element, stirred evenly, impregnated, and then the water is removed by evaporation or filtration, the obtained solid is washed with deionized water, then heated and dried, and then calcined.

7. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 3, the reduction conditions of the catalyst are as follows: pressure 0.1-4.0MPa, reduction temperature 100°C-400°C, reduction time 1-6h, and the reducing gas used is a mixture of H2 and N2, with a volume concentration of hydrogen of 10%-100%.

8. The method for preparing a catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, 1,2-cyclohexanediol is synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of catechol using the reduced catalyst, the reaction is carried out in a fixed bed reactor, the reaction temperature is 50°C-180°C, the reaction pressure is 1-4MPa, the mass concentration of catechol is 1%-20%, the solvent is any one of ethanol, isopropanol, and n-butanol, the molar ratio of hydrogen to catechol is 5-100:1, and the weight hourly space velocity of catechol is 0.05-1h -1 .

9. A catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The catalyst for synthesizing 1,2-cyclohexanediol from catechol as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The catalyst adopts Ni as the active component, and the carrier is any one of bamboo activated carbon, gamma-alumina or silicon carbide, and is further modified by any one or more elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Cu, Mg and P.