Counterweight method for turning giant guide vane of water turbine

Abstract

The invention discloses a weight balancing method for turning a giant guide vane of a water turbine, which comprises the following steps of: 1, determining the center-of-gravity shift direction of the guide vane according to the rotary machining axis of the guide vane; secondly, a balance weight mechanism is arranged on the side opposite to the side where the gravity center of the rotary machining axis of the guide vane shifts, and the balance weight mechanism comprises a balance weight assembly and a connecting assembly for fixing the balance weight assembly to the guide vane; thirdly, the gravity center of the guide vane provided with the balance weight mechanism is measured and adjusted again, and it is ensured that the gravity center of the guide vane is located on the rotary machining axis; and fourthly, the guide vane with the gravity center adjusted is fixed to machining equipment. The weight of the irregular shape of the guide vane can be accurately balanced through the counterweight plate, and the unbalanced torque of rotation can be effectively eliminated through accurate calculation through combination of different shapes. The quality problem and the design and manufacturing of complex tools are solved, and the whole machining process is simplified; the multifunctional turning tool set integrates the shaft body outer circle machining function and the shoulder inner and outer spherical surface machining function, and the lathe turning machining function is achieved on a boring machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of turbine guide vane shaft head processing, and in particular relates to a counterweight method for turning giant turbine guide vanes. Background Art

[0002] The guide vane of the turbine acts as the flow regulating "valve" of the turbine and is a key component that converts the potential energy of water into kinetic energy.

[0003] Most of the existing turbine guide vanes are welded structures. The guide vanes are installed in the turbine water guide sleeve. There is a long axis at one radial end and a short axis hole at the other end for installing the lower end shaft. After the water flows through the water guide mechanism, it enters the runner chamber. The blades in the turbine runner body are impacted by the water, driving the runner body to rotate, realizing the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy; one end of the runner body is connected to the turbine main shaft to transmit power and drive the generator to realize the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy; and the key component for controlling the water flow is the guide vane in the water guide mechanism, and the shoulder turning part of the giant guide vane is a major difficulty. The main difficulty lies in the irregular torque generated during turning and rotation caused by the irregular shape of the guide vane itself, which will cause great interference to the turning accuracy of the shoulders at both ends of the workpiece. The shoulders at both ends are spherical surfaces that cooperate with the inner and outer water distribution rings of the water guide mechanism, and the accuracy requirements are extremely high. The traditional processing technology is not only difficult to ensure the accuracy, but also the torque of unbalanced rotation causes great damage to the machine tool. In the long run, the processing accuracy of the CNC horizontal lathe will be lost.

[0004] Therefore, the prior art still has the following deficiencies:

[0005] 1. Since the giant guide vane blank is heavy and irregular, and the center of gravity is not distributed on the central axis, the rotation speed is slow during turning, resulting in poor machining roughness of the guide vane.

[0006] 2. The existing lathe has insufficient travel for machining the large end surface of the guide vane, and the workpiece needs to be turned over twice for repeated installation and calibration of the guide vane body, which complicates the machining process.

[0007] 3. The rotation of irregular parts puts a great burden on the horizontal lathe. After the rough processing is completed, the machine is stopped for precision inspection and it is found that the machine tool has rotation precision error.

[0008] Therefore, we need to design a counterweight method for turning giant guide vanes of turbines to solve these problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a counterweight method for turning giant guide vanes of a water turbine.

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] A counterweight method for turning giant guide vanes of a water turbine, comprising the following steps:

[0012] The first step is to determine the guide vane center of gravity offset direction according to the guide vane's rotation processing axis;

[0013] The second step is to provide a counterweight mechanism on the side opposite to the offset of the center of gravity of the rotary machining axis of the guide vane, wherein the counterweight mechanism includes a counterweight assembly and a connecting assembly for fixing the counterweight assembly on the guide vane;

[0014] The third step is to re-measure and adjust the center of gravity of the guide vane with the counterweight mechanism installed to ensure that the center of gravity of the guide vane is located on the rotary processing axis;

[0015] The fourth step is to fix the guide vane with the center of gravity adjusted to the processing equipment, and install the tool to the processing equipment, and calibrate the processing coordinate system according to the relative position of the tool and the guide vane;

[0016] The fifth step is to start the equipment to process the guide vanes after the machining coordinate system is calibrated.

[0017] Preferably, the counterweight assembly comprises a first counterweight plate, a second counterweight plate, a third counterweight plate and a fourth counterweight plate, the second counterweight plate is located between the first counterweight plate and the fourth counterweight plate, and the third counterweight plate is located on one side of the second counterweight plate.

[0018] Preferably, the connecting assembly includes a first connecting seat and a second connecting seat, the first connecting seat is connected to the first counterweight plate by bolts, the second connecting seat is installed on the guide vane by bolts, and the first connecting seat and the second connecting seat are connected by connecting bolts.

[0019] Preferably, the thicknesses of the first counterweight plate, the third counterweight plate and the second counterweight plate are the same, and the sum of the lengths of the second counterweight plate and the third counterweight plate is equal to 2 / 3 of the length of the first counterweight plate, and the sum of the weights of the second counterweight plate and the third counterweight plate is equal to 2 / 3 of the weight of the first counterweight plate.

[0020] Preferably, the fourth counterweight plate has the same shape as the second counterweight plate, and the thickness and weight of the fourth counterweight plate are both 1 / 8 of those of the second counterweight plate.

[0021] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The present invention

[0023] This application can accurately balance the weight of the irregular shape of the guide vane through the counterweight plate, and can effectively eliminate the rotational unbalanced torque through the combination of different shapes and accurate calculation. It solves the quality problem and the design and manufacture of complex tooling, and simplifies the entire processing technology; the multifunctional turning tool group integrates the processing functions of the outer circle of the shaft body and the inner and outer spherical surfaces of the shoulder, and realizes the lathe turning function on the boring machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the guide vane and the counterweight mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the guide vane and counterweight mechanism installation structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the back side of the guide vane and counterweight mechanism installation structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of installing the guide vane of the counterweight mechanism of the present invention on the processing equipment;

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of the structure in Figure 2.

[0030] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Lathe base; 2. Power box; 3. Rotating disk; 4. Center; 5. Tail stock; 7. Guide rail; 8. Tool; 9. Guide vane; 10. Counterweight mechanism; 101. First counterweight plate; 102. Second counterweight plate; 103. Third counterweight plate; 104. Fourth counterweight plate; 105. First connecting seat; 106. Second connecting seat; 107. Connecting bolts. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0035] like Figure 1-Figure 5 As shown, a counterweight method for turning giant guide vanes of a turbine includes the following steps:

[0036] The first step is to determine the offset direction of the center of gravity of the guide vane 9 according to the rotation processing axis of the guide vane 9;

[0037] The second step is to provide a counterweight mechanism 10 on the opposite side of the guide vane 9 where the center of gravity of the rotary machining axis is offset. The counterweight mechanism 10 includes a counterweight assembly and a connecting assembly for fixing the counterweight assembly to the guide vane 9.

[0038] The third step is to re-measure and adjust the center of gravity of the guide vane 9 with the counterweight mechanism 10 installed to ensure that the center of gravity of the guide vane 9 is located on the rotary processing axis;

[0039] The fourth step is to fix the guide vane 9 after adjusting the center of gravity to the processing equipment, and at the same time install the tool 8 to the processing equipment, and calibrate the processing coordinate system according to the relative positions of the tool 8 and the guide vane 9;

[0040] In the fifth step, after the machining coordinate system is calibrated, the equipment is started to machine the guide vane 9.

[0041] Specifically, the counterweight assembly includes a first counterweight plate 101 , a second counterweight plate 102 , a third counterweight plate 103 and a fourth counterweight plate 104 . The second counterweight plate 102 is located between the first counterweight plate 101 and the fourth counterweight plate 104 , and the third counterweight plate 103 is located on one side of the second counterweight plate 102 .

[0042] Specifically, the connecting assembly includes a first connecting seat 105 and a second connecting seat 106 , the first connecting seat 105 is connected to the first counterweight plate 101 by bolts, the second connecting seat 106 is installed on the guide vane 9 by bolts, and the first connecting seat 105 and the second connecting seat 106 are connected by connecting bolts 107 .

[0043] Specifically, the thickness of the first counterweight plate 101, the third counterweight plate 103 and the second counterweight plate 102 are all the same, and the sum of the lengths of the second counterweight plate 102 and the third counterweight plate 103 is equal to 2 / 3 of the length of the first counterweight plate 101, and the sum of the weights of the second counterweight plate 102 and the third counterweight plate 103 is equal to 2 / 3 of the first counterweight plate 101.

[0044] Specifically, the fourth counterweight plate 104 has the same shape as the second counterweight plate 102 , and the thickness and weight of the fourth counterweight plate 104 are both 1 / 8 of those of the second counterweight plate 102 .

[0045] The working process of this embodiment is as follows: first, fix both ends of the rotating shaft of the guide vane 9 that needs to be processed to a special bracket so that the guide vane 9 is suspended in the air. At this time, since the center of gravity of the guide vane 9 is biased to one side of the rotating shaft, the guide vane 9 will rotate. The center of gravity of the guide vane 9 after rotation will be located below the rotating shaft, so the staff fixes the counterweight plate to the edge of the guide vane 9 above the rotating shaft.

[0046] Since the guide vanes 9 of the same batch have the same material and shape, the center of gravity offset position error of different guide vanes 9 is small, so the guide vanes 9 of the same batch can be counterweighted by the same counterweight mechanism 10.

[0047] After installing each counterweight plate, fix one end of the guide vane 9 on the rotating disk 3 of the machine tool, and move the tailstock 5 through the guide rail 7 fixed on the machine tool base so that the tip 4 on the tailstock 5 contacts the center point of the rotating axis of the guide vane 9 to support the guide vane 9. Then install the tool 8 on the machine tool, and calibrate the processing coordinate system according to the relative position of the guide vane 9 and the tool 8. After the calibration is completed, start the equipment to process the guide vane 9.

[0048] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention, but the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A counterweight method for turning giant guide vanes of a water turbine, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: The first step is to determine the direction of the center of gravity offset of the guide vane (9) according to the rotation processing axis of the guide vane (9); The second step is to provide a counterweight mechanism (10) on the side opposite to the offset center of gravity of the rotation processing axis of the guide vane (9), wherein the counterweight mechanism (10) comprises a counterweight assembly and a connecting assembly for fixing the counterweight assembly on the guide vane (9); The third step is to re-measure and adjust the center of gravity of the guide vane (9) with the counterweight mechanism (10) installed, so as to ensure that the center of gravity of the guide vane (9) is located on the rotary processing axis; The fourth step is to fix the guide vane (9) after adjusting the center of gravity onto the processing equipment, and at the same time install the tool (8) onto the processing equipment, and calibrate the processing coordinate system according to the relative position of the tool (8) and the guide vane (9); In the fifth step, after the machining coordinate system is calibrated, the equipment is started to machine the guide vane (9).

2. A method for balancing the turning of giant guide vanes of a water turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The counterweight assembly comprises a first counterweight plate (101), a second counterweight plate (102), a third counterweight plate (103) and a fourth counterweight plate (104); the second counterweight plate (102) is located between the first counterweight plate (101) and the fourth counterweight plate (104); and the third counterweight plate (103) is located on one side of the second counterweight plate (102).

3. A method for turning a giant guide vane of a water turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection assembly comprises a first connection seat (105) and a second connection seat (106), the first connection seat (105) being connected to the first counterweight plate (101) by bolts, the second connection seat (106) being installed on the guide vane (9) by bolts, and the first connection seat (105) and the second connection seat (106) being connected by connection bolts (107).

4. The method for turning a giant guide vane of a water turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thicknesses of the first counterweight plate (101), the third counterweight plate (103) and the second counterweight plate (102) are all the same, and the sum of the lengths of the second counterweight plate (102) and the third counterweight plate (103) is equal to 2 / 3 of the length of the first counterweight plate (101), and the sum of the weights of the second counterweight plate (102) and the third counterweight plate (103) is equal to 2 / 3 of the weight of the first counterweight plate (101).

5. The method for turning a giant guide vane of a water turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shape of the fourth counterweight plate (104) is the same as that of the second counterweight plate (102), and the thickness and weight of the fourth counterweight plate (104) are both 1 / 8 of those of the second counterweight plate (102).

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