Moving structure and numerical control machine tool with same

Abstract

The invention relates to a moving structure, which is used for controlling the movement of a main shaft of a machine tool, and comprises a sliding saddle, a driving mechanism and a driving mechanism, the ram is in sliding connection with the saddle so as to drive the main shaft to move in the vertical direction relative to the saddle; the adjusting structure comprises a cylinder body and a movable rod, the cylinder body is connected with the ram, the two ends of the movable rod are used for being connected with the upper end and the lower end of the sliding saddle respectively, the sliding saddle drives the cylinder body to movably sleeve the movable rod relative to the movable rod, and a partition plate is arranged in a cavity of the cylinder body to divide the cavity of the cylinder body into a first cylinder body cavity and a second cylinder body cavity. The internal pressure of the first cylinder body cavity and the internal pressure of the second cylinder body cavity can be adjusted so that the first cylinder body cavity can generate pressure difference relative to the second cylinder body cavity, and therefore pushing force on the cylinder body and load force can be balanced. Gravity balance is accurately controlled by adjusting the pressure difference in the cylinder body, the stability of a machine tool in the machining process is improved, and the problem of spindle movement deviation caused by gravity in the prior art is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of numerically controlled machine tools, and in particular to a mobile structure and a numerically controlled machine tool having the same. Background Art

[0002] At present, CNC machine tools are indispensable core equipment in modern manufacturing, and the performance of their lifting axis (Z axis) directly affects the processing accuracy and production efficiency. The lifting axis is mainly responsible for the vertical movement of the spindle to achieve accurate positioning and processing of the workpiece. It needs to complete fast and stable lifting movements during the processing process to adapt to the processing requirements of workpieces at different heights and ensure the correct contact between the tool and the workpiece, so as to obtain the required processing accuracy and surface quality. The design and control technology of the lifting axis is the key to the efficient operation of CNC machine tools, and it is necessary to find the best balance between accuracy, speed and stability.

[0003] However, in the prior art, the gravity balance problem of the lifting axis has always been one of the main obstacles affecting the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools. Since the lifting axis carries components such as the spindle and motor, its weight will have different effects on the stability of the machine tool at different heights, especially in high-speed machining or operations that require frequent lifting and changing of heights. This effect is particularly significant. Gravity imbalance will not only cause the lifting axis to deviate during movement and reduce machining accuracy, but may also cause vibration of the machine tool, increase tool wear, reduce the surface quality of the workpiece, and even cause potential damage to the structure of the machine tool. In addition, traditional gravity balancing devices such as balance blocks or counterweight systems are often bulky and complex to install, and are difficult to adjust in real time during the operation of the machine tool, and cannot effectively deal with the gravity imbalance problem caused by load changes. This requires the development of a new technology that can accurately and in real time balance the gravity of the lifting axis, while having a compact structure, small footprint, and easy maintenance, in order to overcome the limitations of the prior art and improve the overall performance and machining quality of CNC machine tools. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a mobile structure and a CNC machine tool having the same, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the movement of the lifting shaft is offset due to the effect of gravity, thereby affecting the processing accuracy.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a movable structure for controlling the movement of the spindle of a machine tool, comprising: a saddle, movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool; a ram, slidably connected to the saddle to drive the spindle to move in a vertical direction relative to the saddle; an adjusting structure, comprising a cylinder body and a movable rod, the cylinder body is connected to the ram, the two ends of the movable rod are respectively used to connect with the upper and lower ends of the saddle, the saddle drives the cylinder body to be movably mounted on the movable rod relative to the movable rod, a partition plate is arranged in the cavity of the cylinder body to divide the cavity of the cylinder body into a first cylinder cavity and a second cylinder cavity, the internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity are adjustably arranged so that a pressure difference is generated in the first cylinder cavity relative to the second cylinder cavity so that the driving force on the cylinder body is balanced with the load force.

[0006] Furthermore, the first cylinder cavity is provided with a first inlet and a first outlet, and the second cylinder cavity is provided with a second inlet and a second outlet, the first inlet and the second inlet are respectively used to be connected with the boosting device to control the pressurization of the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity, and the first outlet and the second outlet are respectively used to be connected with the pressure relief device to control the pressure relief of the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity.

[0007] Furthermore, a seal is provided on the partition plate, and the seal is clamped between the partition plate and the movable rod; and / or, pressure sensors are respectively provided at the first inlet and the second inlet; and / or, anti-collision rubber is respectively provided at both ends of the movable rod near the upper mounting bracket and the lower mounting bracket.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the movable rod is installed on the upper end of the slide saddle through an upper mounting bracket; the other end of the movable rod is installed on the lower end of the slide saddle through a lower mounting bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper mounting bracket and the lower mounting bracket are respectively provided with a horizontal mounting plate, which is arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the saddle. One end of the horizontal mounting plate is provided with a through hole, in which a bolt for connecting with the saddle is passed, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate at least partially extends out of the saddle and is connected to the movable rod.

[0010] Furthermore, an upper movable rod connecting block and a lower movable rod connecting block are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the movable rod, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate is connected to the upper movable rod connecting block or the lower movable rod connecting block of the movable rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a triangular mounting frame is provided on the upper mounting bracket and / or the lower mounting bracket, one end of the triangular mounting frame is connected to the end surface of the sliding saddle close to the movable rod, and the other end of the triangular mounting frame is connected to the horizontal mounting plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the triangular mounting frame includes a vertical mounting plate and multiple triangular mounting plates, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular mounting plate is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate, the other right-angled side of the triangular mounting plate is connected to the horizontal mounting plate, and the side of the vertical mounting plate away from the triangular mounting plate is connected to the surface of the saddle.

[0013] Furthermore, two groups of adjustment structures are arranged on the saddle, and the two groups of adjustment structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ram along the extension direction of the ram.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a numerically controlled machine tool, comprising the moving structure in any one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0015] By applying the technical solution of the present invention, the saddle can be movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool, serving as a bridge connecting the bed and the ram, bearing and guiding the lateral (X-axis direction) movement of the ram. The ram is slidably connected to the saddle, responsible for driving the spindle to move in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). The sliding connection between the ram and the saddle ensures the smooth lifting and lowering of the spindle in the Z-axis direction. At the same time, the movement of the ram is laterally positioned and guided by the saddle. The adjustment structure includes a cylinder body and a movable rod. The cylinder body is connected to the ram, and the two ends of the movable rod are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the saddle. The movement of the saddle drives the cylinder body to slide on the movable rod, and the cavity is divided into a first cylinder cavity and a second cylinder cavity by a partition plate inside the cylinder body. By adjusting the internal pressures of the two cavities respectively, a pressure difference can be generated, thereby controlling the cylinder body to generate an upward or downward thrust or pull on the ram, thereby balancing the load on the spindle. The partition plate is located inside the cylinder body, dividing the cavity into two independent parts, namely the first cylinder cavity and the second cylinder cavity, ensuring that the pressure inside the two cavities can be adjusted independently, thereby accurately controlling the force of the cylinder body on the ram and achieving accurate balance of the load force. The mobile structure of the present invention improves the stability of the machine tool during processing by adjusting the pressure difference in the cylinder body and accurately controlling the gravity balance, effectively solving the problem of spindle movement deviation caused by gravity in traditional technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of this application. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a mobile structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic plan view of an embodiment of a mobile structure according to the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 An embodiment of the mobile structure according to the present invention is shown Figure 2Cross-sectional view along AA direction.

[0020] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0021] 1. Upper mounting bracket; 2. Upper movable rod connecting block; 3. Adjustment structure; 4. Movable rod; 5. Cylinder; 51. First cylinder cavity; 52. Second cylinder cavity; 6. Cylinder mounting bracket; 7. Anti-collision rubber; 8. Lower movable rod connecting block; 9. Lower mounting bracket; 10. First inlet; 11. First outlet; 12. Partition plate; 13. Second inlet; 14. Second outlet; 15. Slide; 16. Saddle; 17. Horizontal mounting plate; 18. Triangular mounting frame; 181. Vertical mounting plate; 182. Triangular mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs.

[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "up, down, top, bottom", usually refer to the directions shown in the drawings, or to the components themselves in the vertical, perpendicular or gravity directions; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the outline of each component itself, but the above-mentioned directional words are not used to limit the present invention.

[0025] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a moving structure for controlling the movement of the spindle of a machine tool, including: a saddle 16, movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool; a slide 15, slidably connected to the saddle 16 to drive the spindle to move in the vertical direction relative to the saddle 16; an adjusting structure 3, including a cylinder body 5 and a movable rod 4, the cylinder body 5 is connected to the slide 15, and the two ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively used to connect with the upper and lower ends of the saddle 16, the saddle 16 drives the cylinder body 5 to be movably mounted on the movable rod 4 relative to the movable rod 4, and a partition plate 12 is arranged in the cavity of the cylinder body 5 to divide the cavity of the cylinder body 5 into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52, and the internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 are adjustably arranged so that a pressure difference is generated in the first cylinder cavity 51 relative to the second cylinder cavity 52 so that the driving force on the cylinder body 5 is balanced with the load force.

[0026] By adopting the moving structure provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the pressure difference in the cylinder is adjusted to accurately control the gravity balance, thereby improving the stability of the machine tool during processing and effectively solving the problem of spindle movement deviation caused by gravity in traditional technologies.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the saddle 16 is movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool, serving as a bridge connecting the bed and the ram, carrying and guiding the ram to move in the lateral X-axis direction; the ram 15 is slidably connected to the saddle 16, responsible for driving the spindle to move in the vertical Z-axis direction; the sliding connection between the ram and the saddle ensures the smooth lifting and lowering of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, and at the same time, the movement of the ram is laterally positioned and guided by the saddle; the adjustment structure 3 includes a cylinder body 5 and a movable rod 4, the cylinder body 5 is connected to the ram 15, and the two ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the saddle 16; the movement of the saddle The cylinder body is driven to slide on the movable rod, and the cavity is divided into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52 by a partition plate 12 inside the cylinder body. By adjusting the internal pressures of the two cavities respectively, a pressure difference can be generated, thereby controlling the cylinder body to generate an upward or downward thrust or pull on the slide, thereby achieving a balance of the spindle load; the partition plate 12 is located inside the cylinder body 5, and divides the cavity into two independent parts, namely the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, to ensure that the pressures inside the two cavities can be adjusted independently, thereby accurately controlling the force of the cylinder body on the slide, and achieving a precise balance of the load force.

[0028] In some embodiments, a cylinder mounting bracket 6 is also provided to fix the cylinder 5, to ensure the stability of the cylinder 5 during the movement of the ram 15, and to prevent the ram 15 from being displaced due to external force or vibration, thereby affecting the normal operation of the system. By tightly mounting the cylinder 5 on the ram 15, the cylinder mounting bracket 6 helps to maintain the overall compactness of the mobile structure and reduce the occupied space, which is particularly important for machine tool design, especially in precision machining machines that require high precision and high stability. The interaction between the cylinder 5 and the movable rod 4 is achieved through the cylinder mounting bracket 6, ensuring that the movable rod moves smoothly in the cylinder, thereby maintaining the pressure balance between the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, achieving precise control of the spindle load, and ensuring the stability and precision of the spindle in the vertical direction.

[0029] In full bloom, Figure 3As shown, specifically, the first cylinder cavity 51 is provided with a first inlet 10 and a first outlet 11, and the second cylinder cavity 52 is provided with a second inlet 13 and a second outlet 14. The first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 are respectively used to connect with the supercharging device to control the pressurization of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, and the first outlet 11 and the second outlet 14 are respectively used to connect with the pressure relief device to control the pressure relief of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52. ​​The partition plate 12 divides the cavity of the cylinder 5 into the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52. ​​The two chambers are independent and do not interfere with each other, which lays the foundation for subsequent independent pressure control. The first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13 are respectively connected to the supercharging device, and high-pressure media such as oil or gas can be injected into the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 as needed. This increase in pressure can generate thrust to help balance the downward gravity of the main shaft. Corresponding to the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13, the first outlet 11 and the second outlet 14 are connected to the pressure relief device, which is used to release the medium from the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52, thereby reducing the pressure inside the cavity. This pressure reduction can reduce or eliminate the thrust, so that the upward movement of the main shaft is not overly constrained by the gravity balance structure. Through the combined action of the booster device and the pressure relief device, the system can dynamically adjust the pressure difference between the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52. ​​When the gravity of the main shaft is too large, the system increases the pressure to the first cylinder cavity 51 through the first inlet 10, and at the same time releases the pressure from the second cylinder cavity 52 through the second outlet 14, generating an upward thrust to balance the gravity. Conversely, when the gravity of the main shaft is too small, the system releases the pressure from the first cylinder cavity 51 through the first outlet 11, and at the same time increases the pressure to the second cylinder cavity 52 through the second inlet 13, reducing or eliminating the upward thrust, and ensuring that the main shaft is stable at the set equilibrium position. Although not mentioned in detail in the claims provided, in the design, a position sensor is installed on the Z axis to monitor the position and motion state of the spindle in real time and feed the information back to the control system. Based on the feedback data, the control system adjusts the pressure in the two cylinder chambers by precisely controlling the opening and closing of the valves of the first inlet 10, the first outlet 11, the second inlet 13 and the second outlet 14 to achieve dynamic gravity balance.

[0030] Through the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned components, the mobile structure of the present invention can adjust the gravity balance in real time and accurately, ensuring the stability and positioning accuracy of the spindle in the vertical direction, significantly improving the accuracy and stability during the processing, reducing the spindle movement deviation caused by gravity, and effectively solving the problems existing in traditional technologies.

[0031] Specifically, a seal is provided on the partition plate 12, and the seal is clamped between the partition plate 12 and the movable rod 4; pressure sensors are respectively provided at the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13; anti-collision rubbers 7 are respectively provided at the two ends of the movable rod 4 near the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9. The partition plate 12 is located inside the cylinder body 5, and its function is to divide the cylinder body cavity into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52. ​​In order to ensure that the pressure difference between the two cavities can be accurately controlled, a seal is provided on the partition plate 12, and the seal is clamped between the partition plate 12 and the movable rod 4 to form a tight seal to prevent leakage of the medium between the two cavities, thereby ensuring the accuracy of pressure regulation and the stability of the system. Pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the first inlet 10 and the second inlet 13, and are used to monitor the pressure changes at the two inlets in real time. By connecting to the control system, the pressure sensor can feed back the monitored pressure data to the control system in real time. Based on these data, the control system automatically adjusts the internal pressure of the first cylinder cavity 51 and the second cylinder cavity 52 to adapt to the changes in the spindle Z-axis load, thereby maintaining the balance between the thrust or pull of the cylinder 5 on the slide 15 and the load force. This not only improves the response speed of the system, but also ensures the precise control of the spindle position under dynamic processing conditions. The anti-collision rubber 7 is set at both ends of the movable rod 4 near the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9. The function of the anti-collision rubber 7 is to absorb the impact force through its elastic material when the movable rod 4 reaches the travel limit or encounters an unexpected collision, so as to prevent the movable rod 4 from having a hard collision with the upper mounting bracket 1 or the lower mounting bracket 9, protect the structural parts from damage, and extend the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the setting of the anti-collision rubber also improves the safety of operation and avoids equipment failure or safety accidents caused by collision.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, specifically, one end of the movable rod 4 is mounted on the upper end of the slide saddle 16 through the upper mounting bracket 1; the other end of the movable rod 4 is mounted on the lower end of the slide saddle 16 through the lower mounting bracket 9. One end of the movable rod 4 is connected to the upper end of the slide saddle 16 through the upper mounting bracket 1, and the other end is connected to the lower end of the slide saddle 16 through the lower mounting bracket 9. This design ensures a stable connection between the movable rod 4 and the slide saddle 16, and provides necessary support for the cylinder body 5 to slide on the movable rod. As a connecting bridge between the bed and the ram 15, the saddle 16 not only carries the lateral movement of the ram, but also fixes the movable rod 4 through the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9, providing a stable foundation for the vertical movement of the cylinder body 5. The guiding effect of the saddle ensures the linear movement of the movable rod in the vertical direction, thereby ensuring the consistency and accuracy of the movement of the cylinder body 5 and the ram 15. The upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 are fixed to the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle 16, respectively, and carry the fixing points of the movable rod 4. This design not only ensures the fixed relationship between the movable rod 4 and the slide saddle 16, but also ensures the stability of the slide saddle when the cylinder body 5 slides on the movable rod 4, thereby avoiding lateral shaking during the processing.

[0033] Specifically, the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9 are respectively provided with a horizontal mounting plate 17, which is arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the slide saddle 16, and a through hole is provided at one end of the horizontal mounting plate 17, and a bolt for connecting with the slide saddle 16 is penetrated in the through hole, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 at least partially extends out of the slide saddle 16 and is connected to the movable rod 4. The horizontal mounting plate 17 is arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the slide saddle 16, and forms a stable connection with the slide saddle 16 through the through hole at one end and the bolt penetrated inside. This design ensures the stability and guidance of the slide saddle 16 on the bed, provides support and guidance for the lateral X-axis movement of the ram 15, and provides fixing points for the two ends of the movable rod 4. The other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 at least partially extends out of the slide saddle 16 and is connected to the movable rod 4. This design ensures that the movable rod 4 can be firmly connected to the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle 16, provides a reliable mechanical connection for the movable part of the adjustment structure, ensures the smooth movement of the cylinder 5 on the movable rod 4, and thus realizes the precise control of the spindle load.

[0034] Specifically, the upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively provided with an upper movable rod connection block 2 and a lower movable rod connection block 8, and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 is connected to the upper movable rod connection block 2 or the lower movable rod connection block 8 of the movable rod 4. The upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4 are respectively connected to the cylinder body 5 through the upper movable rod connection block 2 and the lower movable rod connection block 8. This design ensures the fixation and sliding of the cylinder body on the movable rod. Through the pressure change inside the cylinder body, the movable rod can generate corresponding upward pulling or downward thrust to balance the gravity and motion inertia of the main shaft. One end of the horizontal mounting plate 17 is connected to the saddle 16 through the upper mounting bracket 1 or the lower mounting bracket 9, and the other end is connected to the upper movable rod connection block 2 or the lower movable rod connection block 8. It plays the role of a bridge in the present invention, connecting the saddle and the cylinder body. This design ensures a stable connection between the cylinder body and the saddle, so that the cylinder body can move synchronously with the movement of the saddle and the ram. At the same time, the horizontal mounting plate 17 also provides additional support, which enhances the rigidity and stability of the entire balancing structure.

[0035] Specifically, a triangular mounting frame 18 is also provided on the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9, one end of the triangular mounting frame 18 is connected to the end face of the sliding saddle 16 close to the movable rod 4, and the other end of the triangular mounting frame 18 is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. The triangular mounting frame 18 is connected to the upper mounting bracket 1 and the lower mounting bracket 9, one end of which is connected to the end face of the sliding saddle 16 close to the movable rod 4, and the other end is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. This triangular design utilizes the principle of geometric stability, improves the connection strength between the movable rod 4 and the sliding saddle 16, and ensures the stability of the structure when subjected to dynamic loads. The horizontal mounting plate 17 is arranged on the upper and lower end faces of the sliding saddle 16, one end of which is connected to the sliding saddle by bolts, and the other end is connected to the upper movable rod connecting block 2 or the lower movable rod connecting block 8 of the movable rod 4, and at the same time forms a stable connection with the upper mounting bracket 1 or the lower mounting bracket 9 through the triangular mounting frame 18. This design not only ensures the fixation and guidance of the movable rod 4, but also strengthens the stability of the horizontal mounting plate 17 through the triangular mounting frame 18, avoiding structural deformation caused by external interference or load changes during processing. Through the synergistic effect of the upper mounting bracket 1, the lower mounting bracket 9, the triangular mounting frame 18 and the horizontal mounting plate 17, the entire balanced gravity structure forms a stable frame, which not only improves the connection stability of the movable rod 4 and the cylinder body 5, but also enhances the lateral rigidity of the saddle 16, and reduces the precision loss caused by structural deformation during the spindle lifting process. This design enables the system to better adapt to load changes and provide precise gravity balance control, thereby improving the precision and efficiency of machine tool processing.

[0036] Specifically, the triangular mounting frame 18 includes a vertical mounting plate 181 and a plurality of triangular mounting plates 182, one of the right-angled sides of the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate 181, the other right-angled side of the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17, and the side of the vertical mounting plate 181 away from the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the surface of the saddle 16. One right-angled side of the triangular mounting plate 182 is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate 181, and the other right-angled side is connected to the horizontal mounting plate 17. This design utilizes the stability principle of the triangle to provide additional support for the upper and lower ends of the movable rod 4, enhances the connection stability between the movable rod and the saddle and the cylinder body, and avoids structural deformation caused by load changes or vibrations during processing. The triangular mounting frame 18 is composed of a vertical mounting plate 181 and a plurality of triangular mounting plates 182, and its structural design fully utilizes the mechanical stability and support capacity of the triangle. This design not only increases the rigidity of the entire balancing structure, but also reduces the space occupied, making the balancing structure more compact and suitable for installation in narrow spaces, thereby improving the adaptability to different machine tool designs. The connection between the vertical mounting plate 181 and the slide saddle 16, and the connection between the triangular mounting plate 182 and the horizontal mounting plate 17, form a highly stable frame. In this frame, the triangular mounting frame 18 not only provides a stable support point for both ends of the movable rod 4, but also ensures that the cylinder body 5 can slide smoothly along the movable rod to achieve accurate balance of the Z-axis gravity. At the same time, the structural design of the triangular mounting frame reduces the lateral shaking of the movable rod during movement, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the balancing structure.

[0037] Specifically, two groups of adjustment structures 3 are arranged on the saddle 16, and the two groups of adjustment structures 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ram 15 along the extension direction of the ram 15. Two groups of adjustment structures 3 are arranged on the saddle 16, and the two groups of adjustment structures are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the ram along the extension direction of the ram 15. This symmetrical design ensures that when the ram moves, the adjustment structures on both sides can act on the saddle 16 simultaneously and evenly, avoiding the tilt of the saddle or the lateral displacement of the ram caused by unilateral adjustment, and ensuring the processing accuracy and stability of the machine tool. Each group of adjustment structures 3 includes a cylinder 5, which is connected to the saddle 16 through a movable rod 4, and can generate corresponding thrust or pull according to the change of the gravity of the spindle. The symmetrical arrangement of the two groups of adjustment structures on both sides of the saddle enables them to work together during work, adjust the gravity in the Z-axis direction in real time, ensure that the spindle always maintains balance during the lifting process, and reduce the vibration and displacement errors caused by gravity imbalance during processing.

[0038] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a CNC machine tool, comprising the mobile structure in any of the above embodiments. The CNC machine tool adopting this structure has the following advantages:

[0039] Improve machining accuracy: Through the Z-axis balanced gravity structure in Example 1, the CNC machine tool can accurately control the load of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, effectively avoiding the spindle movement deviation or vibration caused by gravity imbalance, thereby significantly improving the accuracy and surface quality of the machined parts. This is particularly important for manufacturing high-precision parts, such as key components in the fields of aerospace, medical equipment, optical instruments, etc.

[0040] Enhanced system stability: The fully closed-loop structure ensures that the Z axis will not fall suddenly due to gravity even when the machine tool is powered off, greatly improving the safety of operation. At the same time, the use of double-acting cylinders can effectively provide pull-up and push-down forces, ensuring that the Z axis can maintain a good balance in any position, reducing machine tool vibration and enhancing the stability of the entire system.

[0041] Simplified maintenance: Compared with the traditional counterweight and air pressure balance device, the Z-axis balance structure of the present invention is simpler in design, and the difficulty of maintenance and adjustment is significantly reduced. The cylinder body is small in size and occupies little space, which reduces the restrictions on the internal layout of the machine tool, making the overall design more compact and reasonable, and also reduces the failure rate caused by improper maintenance.

[0042] Real-time dynamic control: The integrated position sensor and automatic adjustment control system can monitor the position and motion state of the Z axis in real time, and automatically adjust the balance force to adapt to the changes in the spindle load. This precise dynamic control capability can quickly respond to the dynamic changes of the load during the processing, avoid the influence of gravity imbalance on the processing accuracy, and improve the stability and consistency of the processing.

[0043] Improved processing efficiency: Through the balancing structure in the first embodiment, the adjustment and calibration time caused by gravity imbalance during the processing is reduced, and the downtime and maintenance time caused by vibration is also reduced, thereby improving the overall processing efficiency and productivity of the machine tool.

[0044] Enhanced adaptability and flexibility: This balancing structure is compatible with the Z-axis systems of various CNC machine tools, not only for Z-axis driven by linear motors, but also for Z-axis driven by other methods. This wide applicability enables the structure to take advantage of its balanced gravity on different types of CNC machine tools, enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the system.

[0045] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0046] Precise load balance control: By setting a partition plate 12 in the cavity of the cylinder 5 and dividing its cavity into a first cylinder cavity 51 and a second cylinder cavity 52, the pressure inside the two cavities can be adjusted independently. This design enables the cylinder to adjust the pressure difference inside the cavity in real time according to the load change of the spindle in the Z-axis direction, thereby generating a driving force that is balanced with the load force. This precise load balance control significantly improves the stability of the spindle during processing, avoids processing errors caused by gravity imbalance, and improves processing accuracy.

[0047] Enhanced safety: The present invention is designed as a fully closed-loop structure. Even in the event of a power outage, the pressure-maintaining state inside the cylinder can ensure that the Z-axis will not suddenly fall due to gravity, effectively avoiding safety accidents during operation and ensuring the safety of operators. It also reduces production interruptions caused by emergencies and improves the operating safety of the machine tool.

[0048] Simplified structure and maintenance: Compared with the traditional balancing and driving system, the mobile structure of this application is more compact, occupies less space, and simplifies the internal layout of the machine tool. The connection between the cylinder and the ram, as well as the connection between the movable rod and the saddle, have been carefully designed to ensure the stability and durability of the structure, reduce the difficulty of maintenance and adjustment, and reduce maintenance costs.

[0049] Dynamic response capability: The mobile structure in the first embodiment has dynamic response capability and can quickly adjust the pressure in the cylinder cavity according to the real-time changes in the spindle load. This rapid response capability is crucial to improving machining efficiency and precision. Especially when the machining load changes frequently or the machining precision is high, this dynamic balance control can significantly improve the machining performance of the machine tool.

[0050] Improve processing quality and efficiency: By balancing the load force in the Z-axis direction in real time, the mobile structure of the present invention can reduce the vibration and displacement of the spindle during processing, thereby improving the surface quality and geometric accuracy of the processed parts. At the same time, this design reduces tool wear caused by gravity imbalance, reduces downtime, and improves the overall processing efficiency of the machine tool.

[0051] Flexibility and compatibility: The mobile structure design of this application can not only effectively balance the gravity of the spindle, but also has the flexibility to be compatible with different types of CNC machine tools. Whether the Z-axis is driven by a linear motor or other driving methods, it can play the role of balancing force, thereby enhancing the adaptability and versatility of the system.

[0052] In summary, the mobile structure of the present application provides an innovative and efficient solution for the spindle movement control of CNC machine tools through its precise load balancing control, enhanced safety, simplified structure and maintenance, dynamic response capability, improved processing quality and efficiency, flexibility and compatibility. It has important practical significance and application value for improving the processing accuracy, efficiency and safety in modern manufacturing.

[0053] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0054] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moving structure for controlling the movement of a spindle of a machine tool, characterized in that: The mobile structure comprises: A saddle (16), wherein the saddle (16) is movably arranged on the bed of the machine tool; A ram (15), wherein the ram (15) is slidably connected to the saddle (16) to drive the main shaft to move in a vertical direction relative to the saddle (16); The adjusting structure (3) comprises a cylinder body (5) and a movable rod (4), wherein the cylinder body (5) is connected to the slide (15), and the two ends of the movable rod (4) are respectively used to connect to the upper and lower ends of the slide saddle (16), and the slide saddle (16) drives the cylinder body (5) to be movably mounted on the movable rod (4) relative to the movable rod (4). A partition plate (12) is arranged in the cavity of the cylinder body (5) to divide the cavity of the cylinder body (5) into a first cylinder cavity (51) and a second cylinder cavity (52), and the internal pressures of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52) are adjustable so that a pressure difference is generated between the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52) so that the driving force on the cylinder body (5) is balanced with the load force.

2. The mobile structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first cylinder cavity (51) is provided with a first inlet (10) and a first outlet (11), and the second cylinder cavity (52) is provided with a second inlet (13) and a second outlet (14); the first inlet (10) and the second inlet (13) are respectively used to connect with a pressure boosting device to control the pressure boosting of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52); the first outlet (11) and the second outlet (14) are respectively used to connect with a pressure relief device to control the pressure relief of the first cylinder cavity (51) and the second cylinder cavity (52).

3. The mobile structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing member is provided on the partition plate (12), and the sealing member is sandwiched between the partition plate (12) and the movable rod (4); and / or pressure sensors are provided at the first inlet (10) and the second inlet (13), respectively.

4. The mobile structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the movable rod (4) is mounted on the upper end of the slide saddle (16) via an upper mounting bracket (1); the other end of the movable rod (4) is mounted on the lower end of the slide saddle (16) via a lower mounting bracket (9), and anti-collision rubber (7) is respectively provided at both ends of the movable rod (4) near the upper mounting bracket (1) and the lower mounting bracket (9).

5. The mobile structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper mounting bracket (1) and the lower mounting bracket (9) are respectively provided with a horizontal mounting plate (17), and the horizontal mounting plate (17) is arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the sliding saddle (16). One end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) is provided with a through hole, and a bolt for connecting with the sliding saddle (16) is passed through the through hole. The other end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) at least partially extends out of the sliding saddle (16) and is connected to the movable rod (4).

6. The mobile structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: An upper movable rod connecting block (2) and a lower movable rod connecting block (8) are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the movable rod (4), and the other end of the horizontal mounting plate (17) is connected to the upper movable rod connecting block (2) or the lower movable rod connecting block (8) of the movable rod (4).

7. The mobile structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A triangular mounting frame (18) is also provided on the upper mounting bracket (1) and / or the lower mounting bracket (9), one end of the triangular mounting frame (18) is connected to the end surface of the sliding saddle (16) close to the movable rod (4), and the other end of the triangular mounting frame (18) is connected to the horizontal mounting plate (17).

8. The mobile structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The triangular mounting frame (18) includes a vertical mounting plate (181) and a plurality of triangular mounting plates (182), one of the right-angled sides of the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected to the surface of the vertical mounting plate (181), the other right-angled side of the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected to the horizontal mounting plate (17), and a side of the vertical mounting plate (181) away from the triangular mounting plate (182) is connected to the surface of the saddle (16).

9. The mobile structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of the adjustment structures (3) are arranged on the slide saddle (16), and the two groups of the adjustment structures (3) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the slide ram (15) along the extension direction of the slide ram (15).

10. A numerically controlled machine tool, characterized in that: include: A mobile structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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