Deep hole machining method

Abstract

According to the deep hole machining method of the machine tool, the machine tool comprises a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, a cutting oil supply channel is formed in the grinding rod, the grinding rod comprises a grinding head, and the deep hole machining method comprises the steps that the guide sleeve is controlled to move to abut against a workpiece; the grinding rod is controlled to circularly perform the following actions until deep hole machining of the workpiece is completed: a grinding head of the grinding rod is controlled to penetrate through the guide sleeve, and the workpiece is ground at a set feeding speed; whenever the grinding head reaches the set grinding amount, the grinding rod is controlled to return, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush chippings generated when the grinding head conducts grinding. According to the deep hole machining method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the workpiece can be ground through the grinding rod, in the grinding process, the grinding rod can be controlled to return, and the cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush chippings generated during grinding, so that deep holes can be machined in the workpiece made of the hard and fragile material, and the machining efficiency is improved. And the materials of workpieces capable of being subjected to deep hole machining are wider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of mechanical processing technology, and in particular to a deep hole processing method. Background Art

[0002] When a traditional machine tool performs hole processing on a workpiece, it usually uses a drill, a gun drill or other tool to perform drilling processing to process the required hole on the workpiece.

[0003] However, this machining method has limitations and cannot be used to drill holes in hard and brittle materials such as quartz. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiment of the present application provides a deep hole processing method, which can realize deep hole processing on a workpiece made of hard and brittle materials through grinding, so that the workpiece materials that can be deep hole processed are more extensive.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a deep hole processing method for a machine tool, the machine tool comprising a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, the grinding rod is provided with a cutting oil supply channel, the grinding rod comprises a grinding head, and the deep hole processing method comprises:

[0006] Controlling the guide sleeve to move until it abuts against the workpiece;

[0007] The grinding rod cycle is controlled to perform the following actions until the deep hole processing of the workpiece is completed:

[0008] Controlling the grinding head of the grinding rod to pass through the guide sleeve and grinding the workpiece at a set feed speed;

[0009] Whenever the grinding head reaches a set grinding amount, the grinding rod is controlled to retract, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to wash away the debris generated when the grinding head is grinding.

[0010] In some embodiments, the grinding rod further comprises a tool handle and a tool rod, the tool handle, the tool rod, and the grinding head are connected in sequence, and the tool handle is used to be installed on the spindle of the machine tool;

[0011] A guide hole and an avoidance hole are provided in the guide sleeve along the longitudinal direction, the avoidance hole is communicated with the guide hole, and the avoidance hole is located below the guide hole;

[0012] When the grinding head is grinding the workpiece, the tool rod passes through the guide hole, and the grinding head passes through the avoidance hole;

[0013] When the grinding rod retreats, the grinding head retreats into the air avoidance hole.

[0014] In some embodiments, the guide sleeve is provided with an oil supply hole which penetrates in the transverse direction and is connected to the air avoidance hole. The oil supply hole is used to supply cutting oil and discharge the debris generated by the grinding head during grinding through the supplied cutting oil.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the grinding head grinds the workpiece, the grinding head supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and flush the debris generated during grinding, and the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to discharge the debris generated during grinding.

[0016] In some embodiments, the bottom end of the grinding head is a conical structure;

[0017] When the grinding rod completes deep hole processing on the workpiece, the conical structure of the grinding head completely passes through the workpiece, so that a through hole with a uniform hole diameter is formed in the workpiece.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the grinding head drills through the workpiece, the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and discharge debris generated during grinding.

[0019] In some embodiments, an oil supply groove extending transversely therethrough is provided in the grinding head, the oil supply groove is communicated with the oil supply channel, and the oil supply groove is used to supply cutting oil.

[0020] In some embodiments, an insert made of wear-resistant material is disposed in the guide hole, and the insert is provided with a through hole along the longitudinal direction.

[0021] In some embodiments, before controlling the guide sleeve to move to abut against the workpiece, the deep hole machining method further includes:

[0022] Cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush the workpiece surface.

[0023] In some embodiments, a surface of the guide sleeve abutting against the workpiece is provided with a groove, an elastic member is provided in the groove, and a surface of the elastic member protrudes from the surface of the guide sleeve.

[0024] The deep hole processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can grind the workpiece by means of a grinding rod, and during the grinding process, the grinding rod can be controlled to retract, and cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head to flush the debris generated during grinding. Therefore, deep holes can be processed on workpieces of hard and fragile materials, making it possible to process deep holes on a wider range of workpiece materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grinding rod and the guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide sleeve according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the state of a workpiece before deep hole processing according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local state of a workpiece before deep hole processing according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state after deep hole processing of the workpiece is completed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Description of reference numerals:

[0032] 10-grinding rod; 20-guide sleeve; 30-workpiece;

[0033] 11-handle; 12-tool bar; 13-grinding head;

[0034] 21 - guide hole; 22 - avoidance hole; 23 - insert; 24 - oil supply hole; 25 - groove; 26 - elastic member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] The embodiment of the present application provides a deep hole processing method, which is applied to machine tools and can be used to perform deep hole processing on workpieces made of hard and fragile materials such as quartz glass. It should be noted that the above-mentioned quartz glass is only an example, and the present application can also be applied to workpieces made of other hard and fragile materials.

[0037] The machine tool has an X-axis, a Y-axis, a Z-axis, a spindle, a high-pressure cutting oil supply system and a V-axis. Among them, the X-axis and the Y-axis are in the horizontal direction, and the machine tool can drive the workpiece to move along the X-axis or the Y-axis. The Z-axis is in the vertical direction, and the spindle can move up and down along the Z-axis. The spindle is arranged on the spindle box, and the spindle has a central water outlet (or cutting oil) function. The V-axis is arranged on the spindle box, and the V-axis is parallel to the Z-axis. A through hole coaxial with the spindle is arranged at the bottom end of the V-axis, and the through hole can be used to clamp the guide sleeve, and the V-axis can drive the guide sleeve to move in the vertical direction. The high-pressure cutting oil supply system is used to supply cutting oil, for example, cutting oil can be supplied through the center of the spindle, which is used to cool the tool clamped on the spindle during the processing, and to flush the debris generated by the processing.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present application, the spindle of the machine tool is used to clamp the grinding rod, and the grinding rod is used to grind the workpiece, so as to realize deep hole processing on the workpiece. The V-axis of the machine tool clamps a guide sleeve, which is used to guide the grinding rod to improve the accuracy of deep hole processing of the grinding rod.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 The structure diagram of the grinding rod 10 and the guide sleeve 20 of the embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. The grinding rod 10 includes a tool handle 11, a tool rod 12 and a grinding head 13, and the tool handle 11, the tool rod 12 and the grinding head 13 are connected in sequence. The tool handle 11 is used to be installed on the spindle of the machine tool. The grinding head 13 is used to grind the workpiece. The guide sleeve 20 has a through hole in the middle, and the grinding head 13 and the tool rod 12 can pass through the through hole of the guide sleeve 20, so that the guide sleeve 20 can guide the grinding rod 10.

[0040] In practical applications, the outer diameter of the grinding head 13 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the shank 12. The outer periphery of the grinding head 13 is sintered with corundum of a highly wear-resistant material. The bottom end of the grinding head 13 is a conical structure. The grain size of the corundum sintered at the bottom of the grinding head 13 is relatively coarse, which is conducive to roughing (i.e., rough grinding) the workpiece. The grain size of the corundum on the side of the grinding head 13 is finer, which is conducive to fine grinding the holes formed by roughing and improving the accuracy of the holes.

[0041] In the embodiment of the present application, a cutting oil supply channel is provided in the grinding rod 10, and the oil supply channel runs through the tool handle 11, the tool rod 12, and the grinding head 13. The grinding head 13 is provided with an oil supply groove that runs through in the transverse direction, and the oil supply groove is connected to the oil supply channel in the grinding rod 10, and the two ends of the oil supply groove have openings, and the oil supply groove is used to supply cutting oil. In practical applications, the oil supply channel in the grinding rod 10 can be connected to the oil supply channel inside the spindle and connected to the high-pressure cutting oil supply system. Therefore, it is possible to supply cutting oil from the side periphery of the grinding head 13 (i.e., the opening of the oil supply groove) to the outside.

[0042] For reference Figure 2 , Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the guide sleeve 20 of the embodiment of the present application. A guide hole 21 and an air avoidance hole 22 are provided in the guide sleeve 20 along the longitudinal direction. The air avoidance hole 22 is connected with the guide hole 21. The air avoidance hole 22 is located below the guide hole 21. Among them, the guide hole 21 can allow the grinding head 13 and the tool rod 12 of the grinding rod 10 to pass through, so as to guide the grinding rod 10. The air avoidance hole 22 can provide air avoidance for the grinding head 13 and facilitate chip removal. In actual applications, the inner diameter of the air avoidance hole 22 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13. For example, the inner diameter of the air avoidance hole 22 can be 1 mm larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13.

[0043] In some embodiments, an insert 23 made of a wear-resistant material is disposed in the guide hole 21. The insert 23 is provided with a through hole in the longitudinal direction, and the through hole is connected to the air-avoiding hole 22. The through hole of the insert 23 can allow the grinding head 13 and the knife bar 12 of the grinding rod 10 to pass through, so as to guide the grinding rod 10. In practical applications, the inner diameter of the through hole inside the insert 23 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13, for example, the inner diameter of the through hole can be 0.005mm to 0.01mm larger than the outer diameter of the grinding head 13.

[0044] It is understandable that, in the case where the insert 23 is not provided, during the grinding process of the grinding rod 10 on the workpiece, the tool bar 23 will pass through the guide hole 21, and friction may occur between the tool bar 12 and the hole wall of the guide hole 21, which may easily cause damage to the internal structure of the guide sleeve 20. Therefore, a wear-resistant insert 23 is provided in the guide hole 21, and friction occurs between the tool bar 12 and the insert 23, avoiding direct friction between the tool bar 12 and the hole wall of the guide hole 21, which can reduce damage to the internal structure of the guide sleeve 20.

[0045] In some embodiments, the guide sleeve 20 is provided with an oil supply hole 24 that penetrates in the transverse direction. The oil supply hole 24 is connected to the air avoidance hole 22. The oil supply hole 24 has openings at both ends, wherein the opening at one end is connected to the high-pressure cutting oil supply system of the machine tool, and the opening at the other end is an oil outlet for the cutting oil to flow out. Therefore, the oil supply hole 24 can be used to supply cutting oil, and the supplied cutting oil can be used to discharge the chips generated when the grinding head 13 is grinding. The function of the oil outlet is to discharge the cutting oil mixed with chips, so it can also be called a chip discharge port.

[0046] In some embodiments, a groove 25 is provided at the bottom of the guide sleeve 20. The bottom of the guide sleeve 20 is the surface where the guide sleeve 20 contacts the workpiece. The groove 25 can be segmented or continuous, for example, the groove 25 can be an annular groove. An elastic member 26 is provided in the groove 25, and the surface of the elastic member 26 protrudes from the surface where the guide sleeve 20 contacts the workpiece. In practical applications, the elastic member 26 can be made of a material with good elasticity such as rubber, foam, etc.

[0047] For reference Figures 3 to 5 , Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the state of a workpiece before deep hole processing in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the local state of a workpiece before deep hole machining in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the state after the deep hole processing of the workpiece is completed in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the workpiece 30 is a workpiece of a hard and fragile material. In practical applications, the workpiece 30 can be a workpiece of a material such as quartz glass.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present application, before the machine tool performs deep hole processing on the workpiece 30, the grinding rod 10 is first clamped on the main shaft of the machine tool, and the guide sleeve 20 matching the grinding rod 10 is clamped on the V axis. When performing deep hole processing, the guide sleeve 20 is first controlled to move to abut against the workpiece 30, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this state, the guide sleeve 20 is in contact with the workpiece 30, and the grinding rod 10 has not yet contacted the workpiece 30. At this time, the shank 12 of the grinding rod 10 passes through the guide hole 21 of the guide sleeve 20, and the grinding head 13 is located in the avoidance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20, as shown in FIG. Figure 4 shown.

[0049] It can be understood that since the surface where the guide sleeve 20 abuts the workpiece is provided with a groove 25, an elastic member 26 is provided in the groove 25, and the surface of the elastic member 26 protrudes from the surface where the guide sleeve 20 abuts the workpiece, the elastic member 26 can play a buffering role to prevent the guide sleeve 20 from colliding with the workpiece 30 and causing damage to the workpiece 30.

[0050] In some embodiments, before the guide sleeve 20 is controlled to move to abut against the workpiece 30, cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush the surface of the workpiece 30. Specifically, after the guide sleeve 20 is clamped on the V-axis, the V-axis can be controlled to move upward until the grinding head 13 is in the air-avoiding hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20, and then the high-pressure cutting oil to the spindle is turned on, so that the cutting oil rushes out from the bottom of the grinding rod 10 to flush the surface of the workpiece 30.

[0051] After the machine tool controls the guide sleeve 20 to move to abut against the workpiece 30, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to cyclically perform the following actions until the deep hole processing of the workpiece 30 is completed: the grinding head 13 of the grinding rod 10 is controlled to pass through the guide sleeve 20, and the workpiece 30 is ground at a set feed speed; whenever the grinding head 13 reaches the set grinding amount, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to retract, that is, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to move upward, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head 13 to flush the debris generated when the grinding head 13 is grinding.

[0052] Specifically, after the guide sleeve 20 abuts against the workpiece 30, the machine tool can start the spindle rotation, and at the same time, open the high-pressure cutting oil to the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20, and supply the cutting oil through the grinding rod 10 and the guide sleeve 20. At this time, the machine tool is in a processing preparation state.

[0053] Subsequently, the Z axis of the machine tool moves downward at a set feed speed, and the grinding head 13 of the grinding rod 10 gradually passes through the guide sleeve 20 and contacts the workpiece 30. At this time, the grinding head 13 grinds the workpiece 30, generates powdery debris, and gradually forms a hole on the workpiece 30. During grinding, the tool bar 12 passes through the guide hole 21 of the guide sleeve 20, and the grinding head 13 passes through the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20 and contacts the workpiece 30. At the same time, under the flushing of high-pressure cutting oil, the grinding head 13 is cooled, and the debris generated by grinding enters the clearance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20 from the side circumference of the grinding head 13, and is mixed with the cutting oil of the oil supply hole 24 and discharged from the chip discharge port of the oil supply hole 24. In actual applications, when the grinding head 13 grinds the workpiece 30, the oil supply groove inside the grinding head 13 supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head 13 and flush the debris generated during grinding, so that the debris enters the air avoidance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20; at the same time, the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20 supplies cutting oil to discharge the debris in the air avoidance hole 22, thereby allowing the debris generated during grinding to be discharged to the outside.

[0054] During the grinding process of the grinding head 13 grinding the workpiece 30, whenever the set grinding amount is reached, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to retract, that is, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to move upward, and the grinding head 13 is retracted into the escape hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head 13 to wash away the debris generated during grinding. Subsequently, the grinding rod 10 is controlled to continue to move downward at a set feed speed at a uniform speed to grind the workpiece 30.

[0055] The above process of controlling the grinding rod 10 to grind the workpiece and controlling the grinding rod 10 to retract is repeated until the deep hole processing of the workpiece 30 is completed. The entire processing process can be automatically controlled by programming.

[0056] It is understandable that in the initial stage of grinding, only the bottom of the grinding head 13 is in contact with the workpiece 30, and the bottom of the grinding head 13 is completely in close contact with the grinding surface of the workpiece 30. At this time, the cutting oil and debris are discharged outward from the oil supply groove that runs horizontally through the grinding head 13. As the grinding progresses, the gap between the side of the grinding head 13 and the workpiece 30 is very narrow, and the debris generated at the bottom of the grinding head 13 cannot be completely discharged in time. Therefore, it is necessary to control the grinding head 13 to retract into the air avoidance hole 22 of the guide sleeve 20 when the grinding head 13 reaches the set grinding amount, increase the gap between the grinding head 13 and the workpiece 30, and facilitate the high-pressure cutting oil to clean the debris in the hole of the workpiece 30, and then continue the grinding process.

[0057] The state after the deep hole processing of the workpiece 30 is completed is as follows Figure 5 When the grinding rod 10 completes deep hole processing on the workpiece 30, the conical structure of the grinding head 13 completely passes through the workpiece 30, so that a through hole with a uniform hole diameter is formed in the workpiece 30. For example, in an actual application, when deep hole processing is completed, the entire structure of the grinding head 13 completely passes through the workpiece 30, such as Figure 5 As can be understood, since the bottom end of the grinding head 13 is a conical structure, when the workpiece 30 is just drilled through by the grinding head 13, the hole at the bottom of the workpiece 30 and the hole at the top are not the same in diameter, and grinding needs to be continued until the grinding head 13 completely penetrates the workpiece 30, so that the hole at the bottom of the workpiece 30 and the hole at the top have the same diameter and reach the required diameter.

[0058] It is understandable that when the grinding head 13 drills through the workpiece 30, the cutting oil supplied by the oil supply groove inside the grinding head 13 can no longer flow back upward, so the oil supply hole 24 of the guide sleeve 20 is required to supply cutting oil to cool the grinding head 13 and discharge the debris generated during grinding.

[0059] The deep hole processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application can grind the workpiece 30 through the grinding rod 10, and during the grinding process, the grinding rod 10 can be controlled to retract, and cutting oil can be supplied through the grinding head 13 to wash away the debris generated during grinding, so that deep holes can be processed on hard and fragile workpieces, so that the workpiece materials that can be processed deep holes are more extensive. In addition, in the process of deep hole processing, the grinding rod 10 is guided by the guide sleeve 20 in the embodiment of the present application, so that the accuracy of deep hole processing of the grinding rod can be improved.

[0060] The deep hole processing method provided by the embodiment of the present application is described in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principle and implementation method of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A deep hole processing method for a machine tool, characterized in that: The machine tool comprises a grinding rod and a guide sleeve, a cutting oil supply channel is provided in the grinding rod, the grinding rod comprises a grinding head, and the deep hole processing method comprises: Controlling the guide sleeve to move until it abuts against the workpiece; The grinding rod cycle is controlled to perform the following actions until the deep hole processing of the workpiece is completed: Controlling the grinding head of the grinding rod to pass through the guide sleeve and grinding the workpiece at a set feed speed; Whenever the grinding head reaches a set grinding amount, the grinding rod is controlled to retract, and cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to wash away the debris generated when the grinding head is grinding.

2. The deep hole processing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding rod also includes a tool handle and a tool rod, the tool handle, the tool rod and the grinding head are connected in sequence, and the tool handle is used to be installed on the main shaft of the machine tool; A guide hole and an avoidance hole are provided in the guide sleeve along the longitudinal direction, the avoidance hole is communicated with the guide hole, and the avoidance hole is located below the guide hole; When the grinding head is grinding the workpiece, the tool rod passes through the guide hole, and the grinding head passes through the avoidance hole; When the grinding rod retreats, the grinding head retreats into the air avoidance hole.

3. The deep hole processing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: An oil supply hole is provided in the guide sleeve and passes through the guide sleeve in the transverse direction. The oil supply hole is connected with the air avoidance hole. The oil supply hole is used to supply cutting oil, and the supplied cutting oil is used to discharge the debris generated when the grinding head is grinding.

4. The deep hole processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the grinding head grinds the workpiece, the grinding head supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and wash away the chips generated during grinding, and the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to discharge the chips generated during grinding.

5. The deep hole processing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom end of the grinding head is in a conical structure; When the grinding rod completes deep hole processing on the workpiece, the conical structure of the grinding head completely passes through the workpiece, so that a through hole with a uniform hole diameter is formed in the workpiece.

6. The deep hole processing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the grinding head drills through the workpiece, the oil supply hole supplies cutting oil to cool the grinding head and discharge debris generated during grinding.

7. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: An oil supply groove is provided in the grinding head and runs through in the transverse direction. The oil supply groove is communicated with the oil supply channel and is used for supplying cutting oil.

8. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: An insert made of wear-resistant material is arranged in the guide hole, and the insert is provided with a through hole along the longitudinal direction.

9. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Before the guide sleeve is controlled to move to abut against the workpiece, the method further comprises: Cutting oil is supplied through the grinding head to flush the workpiece surface.

10. The deep hole machining method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A groove is provided on the surface of the guide sleeve abutting against the workpiece, an elastic member is arranged in the groove, and a surface of the elastic member protrudes from the surface of the guide sleeve.

Images