Fermentation preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner

Abstract

The invention discloses a fermentation preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner, and relates to the technical field of soil improvement. The method comprises the following steps: mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid, and grinding to obtain a mixture 1; uniformly mixing the mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hull, rice bran and waste sludge, and adding water to obtain a mixture 2; uniformly mixing the mixture 2 with a complex microbial inoculant to obtain a fermentation mixture; fermenting the fermentation mixture to obtain a fermentation product; and mixing the fermentation product with saw dust and chitosan to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner. By controlling the fermentation process and the fermentation conditions and utilizing the interaction of microorganisms in the fermentation product and the fermentation product and the soil, the salt reducing effect and the soil quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a fermentation preparation method of a saline-alkali soil improver. Background Art

[0002] All kinds of saline-alkali soils are formed under certain natural conditions. The essence of their formation is mainly the horizontal and vertical redistribution of various soluble salts on the ground, so that salt gradually accumulates on the soil surface in the salt-collecting area. The main factors affecting the formation of saline-alkali soil are: climate conditions, terrain conditions, the influence of rivers and seawater, etc.

[0003] Soil conditioner refers to a material that can improve soil properties and promote crop nutrient absorption after the soil is affected by various natural or human factors, such as soil degradation such as sandification, compaction, salinization, and pollution by heavy metal ions and chemicals.

[0004] Due to its water absorption and hydrophilic properties, soil conditioners can absorb some smaller aggregates to form larger aggregate structures, effectively increase the content of water-stable aggregates in the soil, and have a certain fixation effect on water and nutrients. Soil conditioners can improve the moisture conditions of the soil, improve the structure of the soil, increase the porosity of the soil, and reduce the bulk density of the soil. Reasonable application of soil conditioners can effectively increase the content of organic matter, total nutrients, and fast-acting nutrients in the soil, and improve the soil's fertility retention and buffering properties.

[0005] Wang Peiwen et al. found in their study on the effects of different soil conditioners on the physical and chemical properties of tobacco-growing soil that soil enzyme activity and the content of major nutrient elements in soils treated with earthworm manure and microbial fertilizers increased to varying degrees, and the physical and chemical properties of soils were improved to varying degrees. Zhang Yifu et al. pointed out in their article on the current status and prospects of saline-alkali land improvement that most soil conditioners can effectively increase the content of nutrient elements in the soil, improve soil moisture content and utilization rate, and can also increase the number of soil microorganisms and promote more active microbial activities.

[0006] Composting refers to the biochemical process of mineralizing, humifying and harmless organic matter in the pile by using microorganisms in the air or artificially added microorganisms under artificial control, and finally transforming it into stable humus. There will be a high temperature period in the composting process. The heat released by the life activities of microorganisms can kill pathogens, roundworm eggs and weed seeds in the pile, so that the final compost product can meet the biological indicators and become a qualified organic fertilizer.

[0007] At present, composting technology is also applied in the preparation of soil conditioner, such as Chinese patent CN106748277A provides a kind of soil conditioner and preparation method and application suitable for Bletilla striata growth, belongs to the field of soil improvement technology.This soil conditioner is mainly formed by the following raw material fermentation of weight portion: medical stone 35-45 parts, oil cake 55-65 parts, earthworm castings 20-30 parts, enzyme 1.2-2.5 parts, potassium humate 1.8-3.6 parts, diammonium phosphate 2.4-3.2 parts, calcium carbonate 1.5-3.5 parts, composite bacteria 12-18 parts, Platycladus orientalis leaf 10-15 parts, lotus leaf 10-15 parts, mulberry leaf 6-10 parts, and light bamboo leaf 6-10 parts.The preparation method of this soil conditioner includes the step of preparing Chinese medicine composition, the step of preparing fermented bacteria liquid and composting step. This soil conditioner can fully supply the nutrients needed for the growth of Bletilla striata, effectively improve the moisture retention and air permeability of the soil during the growth of Bletilla striata, increase the survival rate of Bletilla striata, and shorten the growth period of Bletilla striata.

[0008] At present, soil conditioners for saline-alkali land are mostly fermented products added as fertilizer supplements to the conditioners. In fact, by utilizing the microorganisms in the fermentation products and the interaction between the fermentation products and the soil, good effects of reducing salt and improving soil quality can be achieved. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fermentation preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner, which improves the salt reduction effect and soil quality by controlling the fermentation process and fermentation conditions and utilizing the microorganisms in the fermentation product and the interaction between the fermentation product and the soil.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A fermentation preparation method of a saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid and grinding the mixture to obtain a mixture 1;

[0013] (2) Mixing mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge uniformly, and adding water to obtain mixture 2;

[0014] (3) mixing mixture 2 and a composite bacterial agent to obtain a fermentation mixture; the composite bacterial agent is cultured from a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri;

[0015] (4) fermenting the fermentation mixture, turning the pile once a day, and when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 58° C., turning the pile once a day and spraying water on the pile body once, continuing the fermentation for 7-15 days, stopping the fermentation, spreading the pile body, and cooling it to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0016] (5) Mixing the fermentation product with sawdust and chitosan to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0017] Preferably, in step (1), the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid is 1-1.5:0.3-0.8:0.1-0.3, and more preferably 1.2:0.5:0.2.

[0018] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran and waste sludge is 5-15:0.1-1.5:10-50:1-10:1-10:5-20; most preferably, it is 10:1:20:5:5:10.

[0019] Preferably, in step (2), water is added to adjust the water content to 30-80%, most preferably 50%.

[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of the mixture 2 to the composite bacterial agent is 50-200:1, more preferably 100:1.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, Acetobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.1-0.5:0.1-1:1-3, and most preferably is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2.

[0022] Preferably, in step (4), the amount of water sprayed is 0.5-5% by weight of the fermentation mixture, most preferably 1%.

[0023] Preferably, in step (4), the fermentation time is 10 days.

[0024] Preferably, in step (5), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to sawdust and chitosan is 80-120:10-30:0.5-1.5, most preferably 100:20:1.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0026] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid in a mass ratio of 1.2:0.5:0.2, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture 1;

[0027] (2) Mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:20:5:5:10, and water is added to adjust the water content to 50% to obtain mixture 2;

[0028] (3) Mixing mixture 2 and the composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture; the composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method:

[0029] Prepare the culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2 PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and the balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, and culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 hours to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0030] The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2;

[0031] (4) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 10 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0032] (5) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The fermentation preparation method of the present invention improves the salt reduction effect and soil quality by controlling the fermentation process and fermentation conditions and utilizing the microorganisms in the fermentation product and the interaction between the fermentation product and the soil;

[0035] The present invention grinds desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid for pretreatment, and then ferments the mixture, and applies the mixture to the improver, thereby significantly improving the effect of reducing soil pH and salt content.

[0036] The present invention uses a desulfurized gypsum mixture, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge as fermentation base materials, selects a specific proportion of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri to prepare a fermentation agent, and applies it to the soil to significantly increase the organic matter content and promote crop growth; in addition, the bacterial flora in the fermentation product can continue to play the effect of lowering pH;

[0037] The fermentation product obtained by the invention is compounded with sawdust and chitosan in a certain proportion to prepare a soil improver, which cooperates with organic matter to form a stable aggregate structure, improve soil properties, further reduce pH and reduce salt content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purpose and efficacy of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained in conjunction with specific embodiments below, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the embodiments in the implementation mode, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the operating methods used are conventional operating methods, the equipment used are conventional equipment, and the equipment materials used in each embodiment are the same.

[0039] In the following embodiments:

[0040] Bacillus licheniformis 10 billion CFU / g; Trichoderma 1 billion CFU / g; Acetic acid bacteria 3 billion CFU / g; Bacillus megaterium 10 billion CFU / g; Pseudomonas stutzeri 30 million CFU / g; Bacillus subtilis 10 billion CFU / g, yeast 5 billion CFU / g.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid in a mass ratio of 1.2:0.5:0.2, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture 1;

[0043] (2) Mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:20:5:5:10, and water is added to adjust the water content to 50% to obtain mixture 2;

[0044] (3) Mixing mixture 2 and the composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0045] The composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method:

[0046] Prepare culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2 PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 h to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0047] The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2;

[0048] (4) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 10 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0049] (5) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid in a mass ratio of 1:0.8:0.1, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture 1;

[0052] (2) Mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1.5:10:1:10:5, and water is added to adjust the moisture content to 30% to obtain mixture 2;

[0053] (3) Mixing mixture 2 and the composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 50:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0054] The composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method:

[0055] Prepare culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2 PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 h to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0056] The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2;

[0057] (4) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 7 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0058] (5) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 120:10:1.5 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid in a mass ratio of 1.5:0.3:0.3, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture 1;

[0061] (2) Mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 15:0.1:50:10:1:20, and water is added to adjust the water content to 80% to obtain mixture 2;

[0062] (3) Mixing mixture 2 and the composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 200:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture;

[0063] The composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method:

[0064] Prepare culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2 PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 h to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0065] The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2;

[0066] (4) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 15 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0067] (5) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 80:30:0.5 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, Acetobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1.5:0.5:0.5:0.1:3, and the rest are the same.

[0070] Example 5

[0071] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, Acetobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.5:1.5:0.1:1:1, and the rest are the same.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hull, rice bran and waste sludge in a mass ratio of 10:1:20:5:5:10, and adding water to adjust the water content to 50% to obtain a mixture;

[0074] (2) The mixture and the composite bacterial agent are mixed at a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture; the composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method:

[0075] Prepare the culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2 PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and the balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, and culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 hours to obtain the composite bacterial agent;

[0076] The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2;

[0077] (3) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 10 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product;

[0078] (4) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

[0079] Comparative Example 2

[0080] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, Acetobacter, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:1:1:1, and the rest are the same.

[0081] Comparative Example 3

[0082] The difference from Example 1 is that the composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma, yeast, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2, and the rest are the same.

[0083] Comparative Example 4

[0084] The difference from Example 1 is that the composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, acetic acid bacteria and Bacillus megaterium, the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, acetic acid bacteria and Bacillus megaterium is 1:0.2:0.5, and the rest are the same.

[0085] Comparative Example 5

[0086] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (5), chitosan is not added, and the rest is the same.

[0087] Comparative Example 6

[0088] The difference from Example 1 is that in step (5), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to sawdust and chitosan is 100:50:1, and the rest are the same.

[0089] Results

[0090] Detection method:

[0091] A field test was conducted in a saline-alkali land in Inner Mongolia. Before the improvement of the area, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-25 cm to measure the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The results were: pH value 8.66, salt content 5.12 g / kg, and organic matter 10.67 g / kg. After dividing the blocks, the soil conditioners prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples were applied respectively, with an application amount of 200 kg / mu. A blank control group was also set up, and no conditioner was applied. Oats were selected as the test crop, and they were sown in a row sowing method with a sowing depth of 5 cm and a sowing row spacing of 25 cm. 100 oats were sown between the rows in each interval, and 5 parallel groups were set for each treatment method. The emergence rate was recorded on the 15th day after sowing.

[0092] During the oat harvest period, soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-25 cm. Ten sampling points were set up for each treatment. The salt content was determined by the ion addition method, the soil pH was determined by a pH meter, and the soil organic matter content was determined by the K2 Cr2 O7 volumetric method-external heating method.

[0093] The results are as follows:

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] The results show that the soil conditioners prepared in Examples 1-7 of the present invention play a good role in reducing salt and alkali, and increase the organic matter content in the soil, thereby improving the emergence rate of crops. The results of Comparative Example 1 show that the grinding pretreatment of desulfurized gypsum and water and alginate can improve the effects of reducing salt and alkali. Comparative Examples 2-4 show that specific bacterial flora have a significant effect on the fermentation process. Selecting a suitable fermentation agent can increase the organic matter content in the soil and improve soil quality. Comparative Examples 5 and 6 show that the obtained fermentation product and sawdust and chitosan are compounded in a certain proportion to prepare a soil conditioner, which can further reduce pH and reduce salt content.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fermentation method for preparing a saline-alkali soil conditioner, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid and grinding the mixture to obtain a mixture 1; (2) Mixing mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge uniformly, and adding water to obtain mixture 2; (3) mixing mixture 2 and a composite bacterial agent to obtain a fermentation mixture; the composite bacterial agent is cultured from a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri; (4) fermenting the fermentation mixture, turning the pile once a day, and when the temperature of the pile body rises to above 58° C., turning the pile once a day and spraying water on the pile body once, continuing the fermentation for 7-15 days, stopping the fermentation, spreading the pile body, and cooling it to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product; (5) Mixing the fermentation product with sawdust and chitosan to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

2. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the mass ratio of the desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid is 1-1.5:0.3-0.8:0.1-0.

3.

3. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mass ratio of the mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hull, rice bran and waste sludge is 5-15: 0.1-1.5：10-50：1-10：1-10：5-20。 4. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), water is added to adjust the water content to 30-80%.

5. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass ratio of the mixture 2 to the composite bacterial agent is 50-200:1, preferably 100:

1.

6. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 0.5-1.5:0.5-1.5:0.1-0.5:0.1-1:1-3.

7. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (3), the mass ratio of the Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, Acetobacter, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:

2.

8. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the amount of water sprayed is 0.5-5% of the weight of the fermentation mixture.

9. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the mass ratio of the fermentation product to sawdust and chitosan is 80-120:10-30:0.5-1.5, preferably 100:20:

1.

10. The fermentation preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) mixing desulfurized gypsum, water and alginic acid in a mass ratio of 1.2:0.5:0.2, grinding, and passing through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixture 1; (2) Mixture 1, tobacco, straw, cottonseed hulls, rice bran, and waste sludge are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 10:1:20:5:5:10, and water is added to adjust the water content to 50% to obtain mixture 2; (3) Mixing mixture 2 and the composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 100:1 to obtain a fermentation mixture; the composite bacterial agent is prepared according to the following method: Prepare a culture medium: peptone (10 g / L), glucose (1.25 g / L), potato (200 g / L), sodium chloride (5 g / L), KH2PO4 (1.5 g / L), MgSO4·7H2O (0.5 g / L) and the balance water; inoculate the composite bacteria into the culture medium at a mass fraction of 10%, and culture at a shaking speed of 180 rpm and 36°C for 24 hours to obtain a composite bacterial agent; The composite bacteria is a combination of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri, and the mass ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma, acetic acid bacteria, Bacillus megaterium, and Pseudomonas stutzeri is 1:1:0.2:0.5:2; (4) piling the fermentation mixture into a pile with a diameter of 2.2-2.5 m and a height of 1.2-1.3 m, turning the pile once a day, and spraying water once a day when the temperature of the pile rises to above 58° C., with the amount of water sprayed being 1% of the weight of the fermentation mixture. Fermentation is continued for 10 days, and then the fermentation is stopped, the pile is spread out, and the temperature is lowered to below 30° C. to obtain a fermentation product; (5) The fermentation product, sawdust and chitosan are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 100:20:1 to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.

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