Single screw pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system and test method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a screw pile single-pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system and a test method thereof, and relates to the technical field of screw pile performance test. In order to solve the problem that the interaction between a soil body and a pile body is difficult to accurately and intuitively observe in an existing model test, the following technical scheme is provided: the device comprises an optical platform, a model box and a truss; a transparent soil foundation is arranged in the model box, a model pile is arranged in the model box, and the top of the model pile is connected with a loading device; a displacement sensor and a load sensor are installed on the model pile, a camera and a laser are arranged on the side of the model box, a temperature control system and a humidity control system are arranged in the model box, the displacement sensor and the load sensor are in communication connection with a data processor through a data acquisition card, and the data processor is in communication connection with an intelligent terminal. The device has remarkable effects in the aspects of visual observation, high-precision measurement, multifunctionality, revealing of a bearing mechanism, optimization of pile type design, improvement of economic benefits, promotion of scientific research progress and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of screw pile performance testing, and in particular to a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model testing system and a testing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of civil engineering, the design and construction of foundation engineering have received increasing attention. Especially under complex geological conditions, pile foundations are widely used in various types of projects as effective supporting structures. Screw piles have gradually attracted attention and favor from the engineering community due to their unique superior performance and construction convenience. During the construction process, screw piles can not only effectively improve the bearing capacity of the foundation, but also reduce the disturbance to the surrounding environment and reduce construction costs. However, the existing research on the bearing performance of screw piles mostly uses traditional model test methods, which makes it difficult to accurately and intuitively observe the interaction between the soil and the pile, resulting in great limitations in the understanding of the behavior of the pile foundation. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a test device that can clearly show the bearing performance and deformation characteristics of screw piles under different soil conditions.

[0003] As an emerging research material, transparent soil has been gradually applied to experimental research in civil engineering in recent years because of its optical superiority and ability to clearly observe the internal deformation distribution of the soil. Through the transparent soil model test, the interaction between the soil and the pile can be intuitively analyzed, revealing the bearing characteristics and failure mechanism of the pile foundation under vertical load. The transparent soil technology is applied to the traditional screw pile bearing test, thus providing a new research method to more accurately and intuitively observe and analyze the interaction between the screw pile and the surrounding soil. This will have important theoretical significance and practical value for in-depth understanding of the bearing mechanism of the pile foundation, optimizing the pile foundation design, and guiding the actual engineering construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system and test method thereof, so as to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately and intuitively observe the interaction between the soil and the pile in the existing model test, resulting in great limitations in the understanding of the pile foundation behavior.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A screw pile single pile vertical load transparent soil model test system, comprising: an optical platform and a model box and a truss arranged on the optical platform; a transparent soil foundation is arranged in the model box, a model pile is arranged inside the transparent soil foundation, and a loading device is connected to the top of the model pile; A displacement sensor is installed on the side or bottom of the model pile, a load sensor is provided between the model pile and the loading device, a camera and a laser are provided on the side of the model box, a temperature control system and a humidity control system are provided inside the model box, the displacement sensor and the load sensor are both connected to the data processor through a data acquisition card, and the data processor is connected to the intelligent terminal.

[0006] Preferably, the loading device is a loading bracket or an automatic loading system, the loading bracket is used for manually loading and unloading the load; the automatic loading system is used for automatically loading and unloading the load, and the automatic loading system is communicatively connected with the intelligent terminal.

[0007] Preferably, the model pile comprises a model pile top, a pile body round rod at a side end, a pile body thread arranged on the pile body round rod and a cone tip at the bottom, and a pile top hole is provided on the top surface of the model pile.

[0008] Preferably, a truss is provided on the optical platform, and the loading bracket includes a hook, an upper disc, a connecting rod, a lower disc and a threaded rod. The loading bracket is fixed to the truss by the hook, the bottom of the hook is connected to the upper disc, a connecting rod is provided between the upper disc and the lower disc, and the bottom of the threaded rod is tightly matched with the hole on the top of the pile.

[0009] Preferably, a pressure cover plate is provided on the top of the transparent soil foundation for evenly distributing the load and preventing the soil from squeezing out, and pressure holes and model pile holes are provided on the surface of the pressure cover plate.

[0010] Preferably, a horizontal cantilever is provided on the truss, and the truss is connected to the loading bracket via the horizontal cantilever.

[0011] Preferably, the temperature control system includes a heater and a cooler, and both the heater and the cooler are communicatively connected to the smart terminal.

[0012] Preferably, the humidity control system includes a humidifier and a dehumidifier, and both the humidifier and the dehumidifier are communicatively connected to the smart terminal.

[0013] Preferably, the automatic loading system includes a control system, a solenoid valve and a cylinder. The control system controls the telescopic movement of the cylinder through the solenoid valve, and the cylinder is connected to the top of the model pile.

[0014] A test method using the screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system comprises the following steps: S1. Build the test system: set up a model box on the optical platform, fill the inside of the model box with a transparent soil foundation, and adjust its flatness; pre-place model piles in the transparent soil foundation to ensure that the top holes on the tops of the model piles are clearly visible; S2. Install the loading device: Optionally, connect the loading bracket or the automatic loading system to the top of the model pile, wherein the loading bracket is hung on the horizontal cantilever of the truss through a hook and is tightly screwed into the hole on the top of the pile through a threaded rod; the automatic loading system is directly connected to the top of the model pile through a cylinder, and a control system and a solenoid valve are set to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder; S3. Configure sensing and monitoring equipment: install displacement sensors on the side or bottom of the model pile, and install load sensors between the model pile and the loading device, calibrate their measurement accuracy, start the data acquisition card, set the data acquisition frequency and parameters, and at the same time, configure cameras and lasers on the side of the model box for visual monitoring; S4. Prepare the test conditions: lay a pressure cover plate on the top of the transparent soil foundation, and open pressure holes and model pile holes on the pressure cover plate to ensure that the pressure cover plate can evenly distribute the load and prevent soil from being squeezed out; S5. Setting up the environmental control system: installing a temperature control system and a humidity control system inside the model box, both of which establish communication connections with the smart terminal to achieve remote control; S6. Connecting the data acquisition system: connecting the output ends of the displacement sensor and the load sensor to the data processor through the data acquisition card, and the data processor then establishes a communication connection with the intelligent terminal to receive and process the sensor data in real time; S7. Implement loading test: Send loading instructions to the automatic loading system through the intelligent terminal or manually operate the loading bracket to gradually increase the load to a predetermined value. The automatic loading system controls the solenoid valve to drive the cylinder to load or unload through the control system, and the loading bracket realizes manual loading and unloading by adjusting the threaded rod; S8. Monitoring and analyzing data: During the loading process, the camera and laser are used to monitor the changes of the model piles and the transparent soil foundation in real time. At the same time, the data processor receives and processes the data of the displacement sensor and the load sensor. The intelligent terminal displays and analyzes the test results and generates a soil displacement vector diagram. S9, repeating the operations of steps S5 to S8, changing the load value and environmental parameters to obtain test data under different conditions; Record the detailed parameters and results of each test and compare the bearing performance of model piles under different conditions; All test data were collated, load-settlement curves and displacement vector diagrams were drawn, and the changing patterns of the bearing capacity of the model piles under different load, temperature and humidity conditions were analyzed.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: Visual observation: The transparent soil model test system allows the deformation and displacement field inside the soil to be observed in a non-embedded and visual manner. This helps researchers to intuitively understand the bearing characteristics of screw piles in the soil and the pile-soil interaction mechanism.

[0016] High-precision measurement: The system has high-precision measurement capabilities, can adapt to a variety of test conditions, and generate two-dimensional or three-dimensional data renderings. This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test data and provides a solid foundation for subsequent numerical simulation and computational analysis.

[0017] Versatility: The transparent soil model test system can not only be used for vertical bearing tests of screw piles, but also can be used for model tests of other types of pile foundation projects, slope projects, tunnel projects, etc. This expands the application scope of the system and improves its comprehensive benefits.

[0018] Revealing the bearing mechanism: Through transparent soil model tests, combined with numerical simulation calculation methods, we can deeply explore the vertical bearing characteristics of single screw piles and discuss the influence of pile body structural parameters on the bearing characteristics. This helps to reveal the bearing mechanism of screw piles and provide theoretical guidance for engineering practice.

[0019] Optimizing pile design: The test method can evaluate the differences in vertical bearing performance of screw piles with different structural parameters, thereby optimizing pile design. For example, by adjusting parameters such as thread spacing, thread height, and thread thickness, the optimal pile structure can be found to improve the bearing capacity of a single pile.

[0020] Improve economic benefits: As a new type of threaded pile, screw pile has the advantages of high single pile bearing capacity, strong adaptability, wide application range, environmental protection and significant economic benefits. Verifying its bearing performance through test methods can promote the widespread application of screw piles in engineering practice, thereby improving economic and social benefits.

[0021] Promoting scientific research progress: This test method not only provides an effective means for studying the bearing performance of screw piles, but also provides reference for scientific research exploration in other types of pile foundation engineering, geotechnical engineering and other fields. It is helpful to promote scientific research progress and technological innovation in related fields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system of the present invention; Figure 3a and Figure 3b It is a schematic structural diagram of a model pile of a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a loading bracket of a screw pile single pile vertical load transparent soil model test system of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a pressurized cover plate of a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system of the present invention; Figures 1 to 5The reference numerals shown in the figure represent respectively: 1. model pile; 101. top of model pile; 102. hole on top of pile; 103. round rod of pile body; 104. thread of pile body; 105. cone tip; 2. loading bracket; 201. hook; 202. upper disc; 203. connecting rod; 204. lower disc; 205. threaded rod; 3. pressurized cover plate; 301. pressurized hole; 302. model pile hole; 4. transparent soil foundation; 5. model box; 6. truss; 7. automatic loading system; 8. camera; 10. intelligent terminal; 11. laser; 12. optical platform; 13. displacement sensor; 14. load sensor; 15. temperature control system; 16. humidity control system; 17. data acquisition card; 18. data processor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention is described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1-2 The present invention relates to a screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system and test method thereof, the system is intended to evaluate the bearing performance of the screw pile under different conditions by simulating the vertical bearing conditions of the screw pile in actual engineering. The following is a description of the detailed specific implementation methods of the test system and the test method thereof.

[0025] First, the components of the test system are introduced. The test system mainly includes optical platform 12, model box 5, truss 6, transparent soil foundation 4, model pile 1, loading device (including loading bracket 2 and automatic loading system 7), displacement sensor 13, load sensor 14, camera 8 and laser 11, temperature control system 15, humidity control system 16, data acquisition card 17, data processor 18 and intelligent terminal 10 and other components.

[0026] On the optical platform 12, the model box 5 is firmly set. The material of the model box 5 should be strong enough to ensure that it will not be deformed or broken due to external force during the test. At the same time, the size and shape of the model box 5 should also be reasonably designed according to the test requirements to facilitate subsequent operations and data collection. Inside the model box 5, a transparent soil foundation 4 is filled. The transparent soil foundation 4 is a simulated soil made of transparent materials (such as transparent resin, transparent silica gel, etc.), which has mechanical properties and deformation characteristics similar to those of the actual soil, and the deformation inside can be observed by visual means (such as camera 8 shooting). When filling the transparent soil foundation 4, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting its flatness to ensure the accuracy of the test results. The specific method of forming the transparent soil foundation 4 is: n-dodecane and No. 15 white oil are mixed evenly in a volume ratio of 1:4, and the refractive index of the mixed liquid is measured by an Abbe refractometer after standing. If the measured refractive index value is less than 1.46, No. 15 white oil is added to the mixed liquid; if the measured refractive index value is greater than 1.46, n-dodecane is added to the mixed liquid. After each addition of the solution, the mixture is stirred again and the refractive index of the mixed liquid is measured. The above method is repeated to adjust the mixed solution until the refractive index is 1.46; the fumed silica powder is evenly sprinkled into the obtained mixed liquid, and the fumed silica powder and the liquid are fully mixed by continuous stirring with a glass rod until there is no white floc in the mixed slurry, and then a trace amount of 400 mesh pearlescent mica powder is added, and continuous stirring is performed to make it evenly dispersed in the mixed slurry; the obtained mixed slurry is placed in a vacuum cylinder, and the bubbles mixed in the mixed slurry due to stirring are extracted. After the vacuuming is completed, the air inlet valve of the vacuum cylinder is opened, and the mixture is allowed to stand, and the obtained mixed slurry is filled into the model box 5.

[0027] Reference Figure 3a-3b In the transparent soil foundation 4, a model pile 1 is preset. The model pile 1 is a simulated pile body made according to the size and shape of the actual screw pile. According to the design parameters of the model pile 1, a 3D model of screw piles of different structural sizes can be established using 3D drawing software. After the model pile 1 is printed and made, a layer of matte black paint is applied to the surface of the screw pile model in a ventilated and dry outdoor environment by spraying paint. The pile body is rotated while spraying to ensure that the surface of the pile body is evenly covered with black paint. The matte black model pile can reduce the reflection of the laser and avoid affecting the formation of the speckle field. The model pile 1 includes a model pile top 101 at the top, a pile body round rod 103 at the side end, a pile body thread 104 set on the pile body round rod 103, and a cone tip 105 at the bottom. A pile top hole 102 is opened on the surface of the model pile top 101 to facilitate the connection of the subsequent loading device. When presetting the model pile 1, it is necessary to ensure that the pile top hole 102 on the model pile top 101 is clearly visible, and the position and direction of the model pile 1 in the transparent soil foundation 4 must also meet the test requirements.

[0028] Reference Figure 4, the loading device includes two options: a loading bracket 2 and an automatic loading system 7. The loading bracket 2 is mainly used for manual loading and unloading, and includes components such as a hook 201, an upper disc 202, a connecting rod 203, a lower disc 204, and a threaded rod 205. When connecting the loading bracket 2, first hang the hook 201 on the horizontal cantilever of the truss 6, and then connect the upper disc 202 and the lower disc 204 through the connecting rod 203. Finally, the bottom of the threaded rod 205 is tightly screwed into the pile top hole 102 on the pile top 101 of the model pile, thereby realizing the connection between the loading bracket 2 and the model pile 1. The automatic loading system 7 is used for automatic loading and unloading, and includes components such as a control system, a solenoid valve, and a cylinder. When connecting the automatic loading system 7, the piston rod of the cylinder is directly connected to the pile top 101 of the model pile, and the telescopic movement of the cylinder is controlled by the control system and the solenoid valve. At the same time, the automatic loading system 7 also establishes a communication connection with the intelligent terminal 10 to facilitate the sending of subsequent loading instructions and the reception of data.

[0029] A displacement sensor 13 is installed on the side or bottom of the model pile 1. The displacement sensor 13 is used to measure the displacement change of the model pile 1 during the loading process, and its measurement accuracy and sensitivity should meet the test requirements. At the same time, a load sensor 14 is also installed between the model pile 1 and the loading device. The load sensor 14 is used to measure the load applied by the loading device to the model pile 1, and its measurement range and accuracy should also meet the test requirements. When installing the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14, it is necessary to ensure that their measurement directions are consistent with the displacement and load directions of the model pile 1, and the positions of the measurement points must also be accurate and reliable.

[0030] A camera 8 and a laser 11 are arranged on the side of the model box 5. The camera 8 may be a CCD camera. The camera 8 and the laser 11 are used to visually monitor the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4 to observe the deformation and crack extension characteristics inside the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4. When configuring the camera 8 and the laser 11, it is necessary to ensure that their shooting angle and focal length and other parameters can clearly capture the changes of the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4, and the shooting frequency must be high enough to capture the instantaneous deformation characteristics.

[0031] A temperature control system 15 and a humidity control system 16 are also installed inside the model box 5. The temperature control system 15 includes components such as a heater and a cooler, which are used to adjust the temperature inside the model box 5. The humidity control system 16 includes components such as a humidifier and a dehumidifier, which are used to adjust the humidity inside the model box 5. Both the temperature control system 15 and the humidity control system 16 establish communication connections with the smart terminal 10 to facilitate the subsequent remote control and data collection of environmental parameters.

[0032] The data acquisition system includes components such as a displacement sensor 13, a load sensor 14, a data acquisition card 17, and a data processor 18. The output ends of the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14 are connected to the data processor 18 through the data acquisition card 17, and the data processor 18 then establishes a communication connection with the smart terminal 10. During the test, the data processor 18 will receive and process the data of the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14 in real time, and then send the processed data to the smart terminal 10 for display and analysis.

[0033] Reference Figure 5 After completing the construction and connection of the test system, the loading test is started. First, a pressure cover plate 3 needs to be laid on the top of the transparent soil foundation 4. The pressure cover plate 3 is used to evenly distribute the load and prevent soil extrusion, and its material should be hard enough and not easy to deform. On the pressure cover plate 3, pressure holes 301 and model pile holes 302 are opened. The mixed slurry is drained and consolidated through the pressure holes 301 to complete the preparation of transparent soil; the model pile 1 is passed through the model pile hole 302, and the pile tip just touches the bottom transparent soil, so as to facilitate the subsequent installation of the loading device and the application of the load.

[0034] Set up an environmental control system. Send instructions to the temperature control system 15 and the humidity control system 16 through the intelligent terminal 10 to adjust the temperature and humidity inside the model box 5 to a predetermined value. During the adjustment process, it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes in temperature and humidity, and adjust the instructions in time to ensure the stability of environmental parameters.

[0035] Connect the data acquisition system. Connect the output ends of the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14 to the data processor 18 through the data acquisition card 17, and set the data acquisition frequency and parameters. At the same time, start the data acquisition software on the intelligent terminal 10 to facilitate the subsequent data reception and processing.

[0036] After completing the above preparations, the loading test is carried out. First, a loading instruction is sent to the automatic loading system 7 through the intelligent terminal 10 or the loading bracket 2 is manually operated to gradually increase the load to a predetermined value. During the loading process, it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes in the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4, and record the relevant data in a timely manner. At the same time, the data processor 18 will also receive and process the data of the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14 in real time, and send the processed data to the intelligent terminal 10 for display and analysis.

[0037] During the loading process, the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4 can also be monitored in real time using the camera 8 and the laser 11. By observing the displacement change and crack extension characteristics of the model pile 1, the stress condition and deformation mechanism of the screw pile during the vertical bearing process can be further understood. At the same time, the data analysis software on the smart terminal 10 can also be used to process and analyze the collected data to generate visualization results such as soil displacement vector diagrams to facilitate comparison and analysis of subsequent results.

[0038] After completing a loading test, it is necessary to unload the load and clean up the test site in a timely manner. Then, the load value and environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, etc.) can be changed to obtain test data under different conditions. When changing the load value and environmental parameters, it is necessary to ensure that the conditions of each test are comparable and repeatable to facilitate the comparison and analysis of subsequent results.

[0039] When recording the detailed parameters and results of each test, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data. At the same time, it is also necessary to compare and analyze the bearing performance of the model piles in each test to understand the changing laws of the bearing performance of the screw piles under different conditions. Finally, all the test data can be sorted out and graphs such as load-settlement curves and displacement vector diagrams can be drawn to facilitate the subsequent display and analysis of the results.

[0040] In the specific implementation process, the following points should be noted: When building a test system, it is necessary to ensure that the connections between the various components are firm and reliable to avoid loosening or falling off during the test.

[0041] When installing the displacement sensor 13 and the load sensor 14, it is necessary to ensure that their measurement directions are consistent with the displacement and load directions of the model pile 1, and the positions of the measurement points must be accurate and reliable. At the same time, the sensors need to be calibrated and maintained regularly to ensure their measurement accuracy and stability.

[0042] When implementing the loading test, it is necessary to pay close attention to the changes of the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4 and record the relevant data in a timely manner. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to controlling parameters such as the loading speed and the unloading speed to avoid excessive impact and damage to the test system.

[0043] When using the camera 8 and the laser 11 for real-time monitoring, it is necessary to ensure that the shooting angle and focal length and other parameters can clearly capture the changes of the model pile 1 and the transparent soil foundation 4. At the same time, it is also necessary to protect the camera 8 and the laser and other equipment from damage and contamination.

[0044] When collating and analyzing test data, scientific methods and means need to be used to process and analyze the data. At the same time, attention should be paid to the accuracy and completeness of the data, and subjective assumptions and misunderstandings of the data should be avoided.

[0045] In summary, the system and method have the advantages of simple operation, accurate data, good visualization effect, etc., which can provide strong support for the vertical bearing performance evaluation of screw piles. At the same time, the system and method can also provide reference and reference for other similar civil engineering tests.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system, characterized in that: include: An optical platform (12), and a model box (5) and a truss (6) arranged on the optical platform (12); a transparent soil foundation (4) is arranged in the model box (5), a model pile (1) is arranged inside the transparent soil foundation (4), and a loading device is connected to the top of the model pile (1); A displacement sensor (13) is installed on the side or bottom of the model pile (1); a load sensor (14) is provided between the model pile (1) and the loading device; a camera (8) and a laser (11) are provided on the side of the model box (5); a temperature control system (15) and a humidity control system (16) are provided inside the model box (5); the displacement sensor (13) and the load sensor (14) are both communicatively connected to a data processor (18) via a data acquisition card (17); and the data processor (18) is communicatively connected to an intelligent terminal (10).

2. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The loading device is a loading bracket (2) or an automatic loading system (7); the loading bracket (2) is used for manually loading and unloading a load; the automatic loading system (7) is used for automatically loading and unloading a load; the automatic loading system (7) is communicatively connected to the intelligent terminal (10).

3. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The model pile (1) comprises a model pile top (101) at the top, a pile body round rod (103) at the side end, a pile body thread (104) arranged on the pile body round rod (103), and a cone tip (105) at the bottom. A pile top hole (102) is provided on the surface of the model pile top (101).

4. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A truss (6) is provided on the optical platform (12); the loading bracket (2) comprises a hook (201), an upper disc (202), a connecting rod (203), a lower disc (204) and a threaded rod (205); the loading bracket (2) is fixed to the truss (6) via the hook (201); the bottom of the hook (201) is connected to the upper disc (202); a connecting rod (203) is provided between the upper disc (202) and the lower disc (204); and the bottom of the threaded rod (205) is tightly matched with a hole (102) at the top of the pile.

5. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pressure cover plate (3) is provided on the top of the transparent soil foundation (4) for evenly distributing the load and preventing the soil from squeezing out, and a pressure hole (301) and a model pile hole (302) are provided on the surface of the pressure cover plate (3).

6. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The truss (6) is provided with a horizontal cantilever, and the truss (6) is connected to the loading bracket (2) via the horizontal cantilever.

7. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The temperature control system (15) comprises a heater and a cooler, and both the heater and the cooler are communicatively connected to the smart terminal (10).

8. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The humidity control system (16) comprises a humidifier and a dehumidifier, and both the humidifier and the dehumidifier are communicatively connected to the smart terminal (10).

9. The screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The automatic loading system (7) comprises a control system, a solenoid valve and a cylinder, wherein the control system controls the telescopic movement of the cylinder via the solenoid valve, and the cylinder is connected to the top of the model pile (1).

10. A test method using the screw pile single pile vertical bearing transparent soil model test system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Building a test system: setting a model box (5) on an optical platform (12), filling the inside of the model box (5) with a transparent soil foundation (4), and adjusting its flatness; pre-setting a model pile (1) in the transparent soil foundation (4), ensuring that the pile top hole (102) on the pile top (101) of the model pile is clearly visible; S2, installing a loading device: selectively, connecting a loading bracket (2) or an automatic loading system (7) to the top of the model pile (101), wherein the loading bracket (2) is suspended on the horizontal cantilever of the truss (6) through a hook (201) and is tightly screwed into the hole (102) on the top of the pile through a threaded rod (205); the automatic loading system (7) is directly connected to the top of the model pile (101) through a cylinder, and a control system and a solenoid valve are provided to control the extension and retraction of the cylinder; S3, configuring sensing and monitoring equipment: installing a displacement sensor (13) on the side or bottom of the model pile (1), and installing a load sensor (14) between the model pile (1) and the loading device, calibrating their measurement accuracy, starting a data acquisition card (17), setting data acquisition frequency and parameters, and at the same time, configuring a camera (8) and a laser (11) on the side of the model box (5) for visual monitoring; S4. Prepare test conditions: lay a pressure cover plate (3) on the top of the transparent soil foundation (4), and open pressure holes (301) and model pile holes (302) on the pressure cover plate (3) to ensure that the pressure cover plate (3) can evenly distribute the load and prevent soil from being squeezed out; S5, setting up an environmental control system: installing a temperature control system (15) and a humidity control system (16) inside the model box (5), both of which establish a communication connection with the intelligent terminal (10) to achieve remote control; S6, connecting to a data acquisition system: connecting the output ends of the displacement sensor (13) and the load sensor (14) to a data processor (18) via a data acquisition card (17); the data processor (18) then establishes a communication connection with the intelligent terminal (10) to receive and process the sensor data in real time; S7, implementing a loading test: sending a loading instruction to the automatic loading system (7) through the intelligent terminal (10) or manually operating the loading bracket (2) to gradually increase the load to a predetermined value, the automatic loading system (7) controls the solenoid valve to drive the cylinder to load or unload through the control system, and the loading bracket (2) realizes manual loading and unloading by adjusting the threaded rod (205); S8, monitoring and analyzing data: During the loading process, the camera (8) and the laser (11) are used to monitor the changes of the model pile (1) and the transparent soil foundation (4) in real time. At the same time, the data processor (18) receives and processes the data of the displacement sensor (13) and the load sensor (14), and the intelligent terminal (10) displays and analyzes the test results to generate a soil displacement vector diagram; S9, repeating the operations of steps S5 to S8, changing the load value and environmental parameters to obtain test data under different conditions; Record the detailed parameters and results of each test and compare the bearing performance of model piles under different conditions; All test data were collated, load-settlement curves and displacement vector diagrams were drawn, and the changing patterns of the bearing capacity of the model piles under different load, temperature and humidity conditions were analyzed.

Images