An anti-mud-packing PDC bit

Abstract

The present application provides an anti-mud-packing PDC bit, belonging to the technical field of exploration equipment. It includes a PDC bit body, an auxiliary rod, a drill pipe, and an adjustment and adaptation component connected in sequence; a spiral blade is provided on the outer wall of the rod body of the auxiliary rod, and the spiral direction of the spiral blade is the same as that of the spiral cutting blades of the PDC bit body; the adjustment and adaptation component includes a sliding sleeve and an adaptation ring connected to each other, and the adaptation ring matches the outer diameter of the PDC bit body; the sliding sleeve is slidably sleeved on the drill pipe along the axial direction of the drill pipe so that the adaptation ring can reciprocate between a first position and a second position; in the first position, the adaptation ring is slidably sleeved and abuts against the outer wall of the auxiliary rod, and the adaptation ring abuts against the side of the spiral blade close to the drill pipe; in the second position, the adaptation ring surrounds the drill pipe in the air, and there is a material passing gap channel for cuttings to pass through between the adaptation ring and the drill pipe. By adding an auxiliary rod and an adjustment and adaptation component, it can improve the problem that cuttings and other impurities in the borehole settle and wrap around the PDC bit body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of exploration equipment, and more particularly, to an anti-mud-pack PDC bit. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling operation, the PDC bit contacts the rock and breaks the rock through cutting, impact and other actions. As the mining depth increases, the geological structure becomes more complex, and there are more and more complex situations. In addition, there may be unexpected situations outside, which may cause temporary suspension during the drilling process.

[0003] When the drilling process is temporarily suspended, the PDC bit stops rotating and stays in the borehole temporarily. Since the density of debris and other impurities is greater than that of the drilling fluid, the debris and other impurities will gradually sink, thus accumulating on the PDC bit, causing the PDC bit to be wrapped by impurities. As a result, when the PDC bit is started again for operation, the PDC bit starts slowly; a large amount of debris and other impurities settle to the PDC bit, increasing the probability and rate of mud-pack formation, making it more difficult to clean the mud-pack on the PDC bit, resulting in a decrease in the excavation efficiency of the PDC bit and directly affecting the normal operation of the bit. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an anti-mud-pack PDC bit, which can improve the problem that debris and other impurities in the borehole settle and wrap around the PDC bit body.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows:

[0006] The embodiments of this application provide an anti-mud-pack PDC bit, including a PDC bit body, a drill pipe, an auxiliary rod, and an adjustment and adaptation component;

[0007] Nozzles are provided at the end of the PDC bit body, and a plurality of spiral blades are spaced on the outer wall of the PDC bit body. The spiral blades are connected with cutting teeth;

[0008] The outer diameter of the drill pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body;

[0009] The auxiliary rod is connected between the drill pipe and the PDC bit body. A plurality of spiral vanes are spaced on the outer wall of the rod body of the auxiliary rod. The spiral direction of the spiral vanes is the same as the spiral direction of the spiral blades;

[0010] The adjustment adapter assembly includes a sliding sleeve and an adapter ring that are connected to each other, and the outer diameter of the adapter ring matches the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit body; the sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the drill rod along the axial direction of the drill rod, so that the adapter ring can reciprocate between a first position and a second position; wherein, when the adapter ring is in the first position, the adapter ring is slidably mounted and abutted against the outer wall of the auxiliary rod, and the adapter ring abuts against the side of the spiral blade close to the drill rod; when the adapter ring is in the second position, the adapter ring is airtightly surrounded outside the drill rod, and a material gap channel for the passage of cuttings is provided between the adapter ring and the drill rod.

[0011] In some embodiments, the pitch of the helical blade is less than the pitch of the helical blade.

[0012] In some embodiments, an annular sleeve is connected to the outer edge of the spiral blade, and the outer diameter of the annular sleeve is the same as the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit body.

[0013] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the adapter ring is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular sleeve and larger than the inner diameter of the annular sleeve; one end of the annular sleeve close to the drill pipe is aligned with one end of the spiral blade close to the drill pipe, so that when the adapter ring is in the first position, the outer edge of the adapter ring is against the end face of the annular sleeve close to the drill pipe.

[0014] In some embodiments, the drill pipe includes a straight rod section and a reducing rod section that are connected to each other. The reducing rod section is located on the side of the straight rod section close to the PDC drill bit body, and the outer diameter of the reducing rod section gradually increases in the direction away from the straight rod section; the sliding sleeve can be slidably mounted on the outer wall of the straight rod section.

[0015] In some embodiments, when the adapter ring is in the second position, the adapter ring has a first working state and a second working state; when the adapter ring is in the first working state, the adapter ring sleeve surrounds the outside of the reducer rod segment in the air; when the adapter ring is in the second working state, the adapter ring sleeve surrounds the outside of the straight rod segment in the air;

[0016] A functional cavity is provided in the rod wall of the straight rod section. A moving part and a sensor for detecting the position of the moving part are arranged in the functional cavity. The moving part is connected with the sliding sleeve and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve.

[0017] In some embodiments, the moving part is provided with a first magnet, the sliding sleeve is provided with a second magnet, and the first magnet and the second magnet are magnetically connected so that the moving part is connected to the sliding sleeve and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve.

[0018] In some embodiments, the functional cavity extends to the rod wall of the variable diameter rod segment, and a camera corresponding to the variable diameter rod segment is provided in the functional cavity. The camera is connected to a rotating seat, and the rotating seat can be rotatably installed in the functional cavity for adjusting the pitch angle of the camera; the outer wall of the variable diameter rod segment is provided with an observation window corresponding to the camera.

[0019] In some embodiments, the rotating seat is drivingly connected to the moving member, so that when the moving member moves in a direction away from the PDC bit body, the rotating seat drives the camera to rotate in a direction away from the PDC bit body, and when the moving member moves in a direction close to the PDC bit body, the rotating seat drives the camera to rotate in a direction close to the PDC bit body.

[0020] In some embodiments, a winding spring is connected to the rotating seat, and a traction rope is connected between the winding spring and the moving member, so that the rotating seat is drivingly connected to the moving member.

[0021] The anti-caking PDC bit provided by the embodiment of the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] An auxiliary rod is added between the PDC bit body and the drill pipe. The outer wall of the auxiliary rod is provided with spiral blades having the same spiral direction as the spiral blades of the PDC bit body. When drilling with the cutting teeth on the spiral blades, the spiral blades can assist in conveying the cuttings generated during drilling upward, avoiding a large amount of cuttings from accumulating around the PDC bit body, which is beneficial to improving the drilling efficiency. When the drilling process is temporarily paused, since a large amount of cuttings have been conveyed upward by the spiral blades during drilling, and the spiral blades can play a certain role in blocking the settlement of the cuttings, it is beneficial to improve the problem that impurities such as cuttings in the borehole settle and wrap around the PDC bit body.

[0023] At the same time, a movable adjustment and adaptation assembly is added. The sliding sleeve drives the adaptation ring to move axially along the drill pipe. When drilling, the adaptation ring is adjusted to move to the second position. At this time, the adaptation ring corresponds to the drill pipe, and the cuttings flow upward through the material passing gap channel between the adaptation ring and the drill pipe. When the drilling process is temporarily paused, the adaptation ring is adjusted to move to the first position. At this time, the adaptation ring corresponds to the auxiliary rod. Since the adaptation ring is sleeved and abutted against the outer wall of the auxiliary rod, a seal is formed between the adaptation ring and the auxiliary rod on the inner side. Since the outer diameter of the adaptation ring matches the outer diameter of the PDC bit body, a seal is formed between the adaptation ring and the borehole formed by the PDC bit body on the outer side. Thus, the adaptation ring effectively prevents impurities such as cuttings in the borehole from settling downward and wrapping around the PDC bit body.

[0024] In addition, when the adaptation ring is adjusted to move to the first position, the adaptation ring abuts against the side of the spiral blade close to the drill pipe. On the one hand, the spiral blade can support the adaptation ring, which is beneficial to improving the working stability. On the other hand, the contact part between the spiral blade and the adaptation ring can also play a sealing role, and the overlapping part of the projections of the spiral blade and the adaptation ring can also play a dual role in preventing settlement. Therefore, through the cooperation of the spiral blade and the adaptation ring, it is beneficial to better improve the problem that impurities such as cuttings in the borehole settle and wrap around the PDC bit body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the accompanying drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following accompanying drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and thus should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-mud-pack PDC bit provided by an embodiment of the present application in a working state;

[0027] Figure 2 For Figure 1 It is a partial enlarged view of part II in

[0028] Figure 3 For Figure 1 It is a partial enlarged view of part III in

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-mud-pack PDC bit provided by an embodiment of the present application in another working state;

[0030] Figure 5 For Figure 4 It is a partial enlarged view of part V in

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-mud-pack PDC bit provided by an embodiment of the present application in yet another working state;

[0032] Figure 7 For Figure 6 It is a partial enlarged view of part VII in

[0033] Icon:

[0034] 100 - Anti-mud-pack PDC bit;

[0035] 110 - PDC bit body; 111 - Helical blade; 112 - Cutting tooth; 113 - Nozzle;

[0036] 120 - Drill pipe; 121 - Straight pipe section; 122 - Reducing pipe section; 1221 - Observation window; 123 - Functional cavity; 1231 - Moving part; 1232 - Slide bar; 1233 - Sensor; 1234 - Camera; 1235 - Rotating seat; 1236 - Retracting spring; 1237 - Traction rope;

[0037] 130 - Auxiliary rod; 131 - Helical blade; 132 - Ring sleeve;

[0038] 140 - Adjusting and adapting assembly; 141 - Sliding sleeve; 1411 - Second magnet; 142 - Adapting ring; 143 - Connecting rod body. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present application described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0040] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present application claimed, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0042] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of this application is usually placed when in use. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0043] In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In addition, the terms "vertical", "parallel", etc. do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely vertical or parallel, but may be slightly inclined.

[0045] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0046] The technical solutions of the present application will be exemplarily described below through some embodiments.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 Figure 1 , an embodiment of the present application provides an anti - mud - packing PDC bit 100, which includes a PDC bit body 110, a drill pipe 120, an auxiliary rod 130, and an adjustment and adaptation assembly 140.

[0048] The PDC bit body 110, that is, a polycrystalline diamond compact bit, breaks rocks through cutting, impact and other actions for drilling. Except for the specific descriptions in the embodiments of the present application, the outer diameters of other functional structures in the anti - mud - packing PDC bit 100 do not exceed the outer diameter of the PDC bit body, so as to avoid other functional structures from interfering with or even damaging the drilled borehole of the PDC bit body.

[0049] The main part of the PDC bit body 110 is a bit matrix, which provides the overall structure and support of the PDC bit body. A plurality of spiral cutter wings 111 are arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the PDC bit body 110. The spiral cutter wings 111 are connected with cutting teeth 112. The cutting teeth 112 are made of polycrystalline diamond (PDC) and are embedded on the spiral cutter wings 111 for cutting rocks and formations. Chip grooves are formed between the spiral cutter wings 111 for collecting and discharging the cut rock chips, ensuring the effective operation of the PDC bit body 110 and the smoothness of drilling. A nozzle 113 is provided at the end of the PDC bit body 110 for spraying high - pressure fluid (i.e., drilling fluid) to help cool the cutting teeth 112 of the bit and carry the cut rock chips out, which is beneficial to keeping the borehole clean. Except for the above descriptions, the PDC bit body can be designed with other conventional functional structures according to conventional needs.

[0050] Except for the specific descriptions in the embodiments of the present application, the drill pipe 120 can be designed with conventional functional structures according to conventional needs. As an example, the drill pipe 120 mainly includes a hollow anchor body and a connection joint; the connection joint is located at the end of the hollow anchor body and usually has a connection thread for connecting with adjacent working components (such as the PDC bit body); the hollow anchor body, as the main part of the drill pipe 120, not only serves as the rod body connecting the PDC bit body 110, but also can be used for grouting into the PDC bit body 110 during the drilling process.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the outer diameter of the drill pipe 120 is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110. Based on this design, there is a gap between the outer wall of the drill pipe 120 and the borehole in the borehole drilled by the PDC bit body 110, which is used to convey the rock chips and the ejected drilling fluid upward.

[0052] Continue to refer to Figure 1, the auxiliary rod 130 is connected between the drill rod 120 and the PDC drill bit body 110. As an example, the rod body of the auxiliary rod 130 is integrally connected to the PDC drill bit body 110, and the end of the rod body of the auxiliary rod 130 away from the PDC drill bit body 110 is connected to the drill rod 120 through a connecting joint; as another example, the rod body of the auxiliary rod 130 is integrally connected to the drill rod 120, and the end of the rod body of the auxiliary rod 130 away from the rod body is connected to the PDC drill bit body 110 through a connecting joint.

[0053] The outer wall of the auxiliary rod 130 is provided with a plurality of spiral blades 131 at intervals; the spiral direction of the spiral blade 131 is the same as the spiral direction of the spiral blade 111, that is, when the spiral blade 111 is set to be left-handed, the spiral blade 131 is also set to be left-handed, and when the spiral blade 111 is set to be right-handed, the spiral blade 131 is also set to be right-handed.

[0054] The anti-mud packing PDC drill bit 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application has an auxiliary rod 130 added between the PDC drill bit body 110 and the drill rod 120. Since the outer wall of the auxiliary rod 130 is provided with a spiral blade 131 having the same spiral direction as the spiral blade 111 of the PDC drill bit body 110, when drilling through the cutting teeth 112 on the spiral blade 111, the spiral blade 131 can assist in conveying the rock cuttings generated by drilling upward, avoiding a large amount of rock cuttings from accumulating around the PDC drill bit body 110, which is beneficial to improving the drilling efficiency. When the drilling process is temporarily suspended, since a large amount of rock cuttings have been conveyed upward through the spiral blade 131 during drilling, and the spiral blade 131 can play a certain role in blocking the sedimentation of rock cuttings, it is beneficial to improve the problem of impurities such as rock cuttings in the borehole being deposited and wrapped around the PDC drill bit body 110.

[0055] Continue to see Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The adjustment adapter assembly 140 includes a sliding sleeve 141 and an adapter ring 142 that are connected to each other. As an example, the sliding sleeve 141 and the adapter ring 142 are connected via a connecting rod 143.

[0056] The sliding sleeve 141 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill rod 120 along the axial direction of the drill rod 120, so that the adapter ring 142 can reciprocate between the first position and the second position; as an example, the outer wall of the drill rod 120 is provided with a limit groove extending along the axial direction to prevent the sliding sleeve 141 and the drill rod 120 from rotating relative to each other. In the drilling operation, the first position of the embodiment of the present application is located below the second position. As an example, the sliding sleeve 141 has a certain counterweight, so that when the drilling process is temporarily suspended, the sliding sleeve 141 can fall from the second position to the first position under the action of the counterweight.

[0057] The outer diameter of the adaptor ring 142 matches the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110; in the embodiments of the present application, the outer diameter of the adaptor ring 142 may be the same as the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, or the outer diameter of the adaptor ring 142 may be slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110. Among them, referring to Figure 1 , when the adaptor ring 142 is in the first position, the adaptor ring 142 is slidably sleeved and abutted against the outer wall of the auxiliary rod 130, and the adaptor ring 142 abuts against the side of the spiral blade 131 close to the drill pipe 120; it should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the second position is not limited to a fixed point, and the second position may represent a range of positions, referring to Figure 4 and Figure 6 , when the adaptor ring 142 is in the second position, the adaptor ring 142 surrounds the drill pipe 120 in the air, and there is a material passing gap channel for cuttings to pass through between the adaptor ring 142 and the drill pipe 120.

[0058] The anti-mud-packing PDC bit 100 provided by the embodiments of the present application is provided with a movable adjustment and adaptation assembly 140. In the adjustment and adaptation assembly 140, the adaptor ring 142 is driven by the sliding sleeve 141 to move axially along the drill pipe 120. When drilling, the adaptor ring 142 is adjusted to move to the second position. At this time, the adaptor ring 142 corresponds to the drill pipe 120, and the cuttings flow upward through the material passing gap channel between the adaptor ring 142 and the drill pipe 120; when the drilling process is temporarily paused, the adaptor ring 142 is adjusted to move to the first position. At this time, the adaptor ring 142 corresponds to the auxiliary rod 130. Since the adaptor ring 142 is sleeved and abutted against the outer wall of the auxiliary rod 130, a seal is formed between the adaptor ring 142 and the auxiliary rod 130 on the inner side. Since the outer diameter of the adaptor ring 142 matches the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, a seal is formed between the adaptor ring 142 and the borehole formed by the PDC bit body 110 on the outer side. Thus, the adaptor ring 142 effectively prevents impurities such as cuttings in the borehole from settling downward and wrapping the PDC bit body 110.

[0059] In addition, for the anti-mud-packing PDC bit 100 provided by the embodiments of the present application, since the auxiliary rod 130 and the adjustment and adaptation assembly 140 are added at the same time, when the adaptor ring 142 is adjusted to move to the first position, the adaptor ring 142 abuts against the side of the spiral blade 131 close to the drill pipe 120. On the one hand, the spiral blade 131 can support the adaptor ring 142, which is beneficial to improving the working stability; on the other hand, the contact part between the spiral blade 131 and the adaptor ring 142 can also play a sealing role, and the overlapping part of the projections of the spiral blade 131 and the adaptor ring 142 can also play a dual anti-settlement and anti-blocking role. Therefore, through the cooperation of the spiral blade 131 and the adaptor ring 142, it is beneficial to better improve the problem of cuttings and other impurities in the borehole settling and wrapping the PDC bit body 110.

[0060] In some embodiments, the pitch of the helical blade 131 is smaller than the pitch of the helical cutter wing 111. That is to say, in the working state, compared with the helical cutter wing 111, the angle between the helical blade 131 and the horizontal plane is smaller, and the helical blade 131 is flatter.

[0061] Based on the above design, since the helical blade 131 is flatter, when the drilling process is temporarily paused, the helical blade 131 can better block the settlement of cuttings; moreover, the helical blade 131 can more stably support the adapter ring 142 and can also better cooperate with the adapter ring 142 to enhance the sealing and anti-settlement functions.

[0062] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 , in some embodiments, an annular sleeve 132 is connected to the outer edge of the helical blade 131, and the outer diameter of the annular sleeve 132 is the same as the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110. Among them, in the axial direction of the drill pipe 120, the end of the annular sleeve 132 can extend beyond the end of the helical blade 131, the end of the annular sleeve 132 can be aligned with the end of the helical blade 131, or the end of the annular sleeve 132 can be exceeded by the end of the helical blade 131.

[0063] Based on the above design, on the one hand, the annular sleeve 132 can strengthen and protect the outer edge of the helical blade 131; on the other hand, since the outer diameter of the annular sleeve 132 is the same as the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, the annular sleeve 132 can be used to sort and support the drilled borehole of the PDC bit body 110. Especially in a construction environment with relatively soft soil, it is beneficial to improve the uniformity and stability of the borehole.

[0064] In the embodiments configured with the annular sleeve 132, as an example, the outer diameter of the adapter ring 142 is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular sleeve 132 and larger than the inner diameter of the annular sleeve 132; since the outer diameter of the annular sleeve 132 is the same as the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, that is to say, the outer diameter of the adapter ring 142 is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110. Based on this, it is possible to prevent the borehole from affecting the movement of the adapter ring 142, which is beneficial to regulating the reciprocating movement of the adapter ring 142 between the first position and the second position; for example, it is convenient for the adapter ring 142 to fall from the second position to the first position through the counterweight of the sliding sleeve 141.

[0065] When the outer diameter of the mating ring is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, in this example, one end of the annular sleeve 132 close to the drill pipe 120 is aligned with one end of the spiral blade 131 close to the drill pipe 120, so that when the mating ring 142 is in the first position, the outer edge of the mating ring 142 abuts against the end face of one end of the annular sleeve 132 close to the drill pipe 120. Based on this, a seal is formed between the annular sleeve 132 and the drilling wellbore, and at the same time, a seal is formed between the annular sleeve 132 and the outer edge of the mating ring 142, so that the mating ring 142 forms a better seal with the drilling wellbore on the outside, which is beneficial to better prevent impurities such as cuttings from settling downwards; in addition, the annular sleeve 132 can strongly support the outer edge of the mating ring 142, which is beneficial to further improve the working stability.

[0066] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the method of regulating the movement of the mating ring 142 is not limited. As an example, based on the implementation scheme that the outer diameter of the mating ring 142 is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC bit body 110, by adjusting parameters such as the weight of the sliding sleeve 141 and the flow rate of the drilling fluid, during drilling, due to the upward impact force of the drilling fluid and cuttings, the mating ring 142 is pushed from the first position to the second position; when the drilling process is temporarily paused, the sliding sleeve 141 falls from the second position to the first position under the action of its own weight. Of course, in other solutions, a power mechanism corresponding to the sliding sleeve 141 can also be configured in the anti-caking PDC bit 100, and the power mechanism provides power to drive the sliding sleeve 141 to drive the mating ring 142 to move.

[0067] Continue to refer to Figure 1 , in some embodiments, the drill pipe 120 includes a straight rod section 121 and a reduced-diameter rod section 122 that are connected to each other. As an example, the straight rod section 121 and the reduced-diameter rod section 122 are integrally connected.

[0068] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , the straight rod section 121 refers to a rod section with a substantially constant outer diameter and serves as the main body of the drill pipe 120. The sliding sleeve 141 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the straight rod section 121.

[0069] The reduced-diameter rod section 122 is located on the side of the straight rod section 121 close to the PDC bit body 110, and the outer diameter of the reduced-diameter rod section 122 gradually increases in the direction away from the straight rod section 121; as an example, the outer side wall of the reduced-diameter rod section 122 is a conical surface. Of course, in other embodiments, the outer side wall of the reduced-diameter rod section 122 can also be an outwardly convex or inwardly concave arc surface.

[0070] In the above technical solution, the stepped rod section 122 enables a smooth transition between the PDC bit body 110 and the main body of the drill pipe 120 (i.e., the straight rod section 121). Additionally, when the adapter ring 142 moves to the position range corresponding to the stepped rod section 122 during the drilling operation, as the adapter ring 142 moves upward from the bottom, the width of the material passing gap channel gradually increases. When the fluid during drilling pushes the adapter ring 142 to move upward from the bottom, when the supply speed of the drilling fluid at the nozzle 113 gradually increases, the flow rate passing through this material passing gap channel gradually increases, and a wider material passing gap channel is required. Correspondingly, the fluid will push the adapter ring 142 to gradually rise. Therefore, the supply speed of the drilling fluid can be judged based on the relative positions of the adapter ring 142 and the stepped rod section 122.

[0071] Furthermore, when the adapter ring 142 is in the second position, the adapter ring 142 has a first working state and a second working state; when the adapter ring 142 is in the first working state, the adapter ring 142 is sleeved and spaced around the outside of the stepped rod section 122; when the adapter ring 142 is in the second working state, the adapter ring 142 is sleeved and spaced around the outside of the straight rod section 121. That is to say, the sliding sleeve 141 has a relatively large sliding stroke on the straight rod section 121, so that the sliding sleeve 141 can drive the adapter ring 142 to move to correspond to the stepped rod section 122 and can also drive the adapter ring 142 to move to correspond to the straight rod section 121.

[0072] See Figure 3 , a functional cavity 123 is provided inside the rod wall of the straight rod section 121. A moving part 1231 and a sensor 1233 for detecting the position of the moving part 1231 are arranged inside the functional cavity 123. The moving part 1231 is connected to the sliding sleeve 141 and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve 141.

[0073] Among them, the moving part 1231 is, for example, in a block shape. Optionally, a slide rod 1232 extending along the axial direction of the drill pipe 120 is also provided inside the functional cavity 123. The moving part 1231 is slidably connected to the slide rod 1232 along the axial direction of the drill pipe 120, so that the stability of the moving part 1231 moving synchronously with the sliding sleeve 141 is better.

[0074] The configuration method of the sensor 1233 is not limited. As an example, the sensor 1233 is a distance sensor 1233. This sensor 1233 is fixed to the top of the moving part 1231 and is used to detect the distance from the top of the functional cavity 123. The position of the moving part 1231 is determined through the detection result, so as to know the relative position of the adapter ring 142 connected to the sliding sleeve 141 and the drill pipe 120.

[0075] Based on the above technical solution, when the fluid during drilling pushes the adapter ring 142 to move upward from bottom to top, by adjusting parameters such as the counterweight of the sliding sleeve 141, the flow rate of the drilling fluid, the slope and axial length of the variable diameter rod section 122, etc., the anti-caking PDC bit 100 can be configured so that when the supply speed of the drilling fluid at the nozzle 113 is the maximum, the adapter ring 142 corresponds to the end of the variable diameter rod section 122 close to the straight rod section 121, as Figure 5 shown. At this time, the adapter ring 142 is aligned with the end of the variable diameter rod section 122 close to the straight rod section 121, or the adapter ring 142 is aligned with the end of the straight rod section 121 close to the variable diameter rod section 122, or the adapter ring 142 is aligned at the junction of the adapter ring 142 and the variable diameter rod section 122; based on this, in the normal working state, one drilling fluid supply speed corresponds to a theoretical relative height between the adapter ring 142 and the variable diameter rod section 122. Store this drilling fluid supply speed and the corresponding theoretical relative height in the control system of the anti-caking PDC bit 100. During the drilling operation, detect the actual relative height between the adapter ring 142 and the variable diameter rod section 122 through the sensor 1233 and compare it with this theoretical relative height. If the actual relative height significantly deviates from this theoretical relative height, usually there is an abnormality during the drilling operation, and this can be used to assist in analyzing the drilling operation state and regulating the drilling operation, so as to better ensure the good operation of the drilling operation. Specifically, generally when the borehole collapses, etc., the collapsed part will affect the downward movement of the adapter ring 142 following the system as a whole, resulting in a relatively high position of the variable diameter rod section 122, as Figure 7 shown; and when there are cracks at the bottom of the drilling causing fluid loss, the actually upward flowing fluid will become less, which will make the relative position of the variable diameter rod section 122 relatively low.

[0076] Continue to refer to Figure 3 , optionally, the moving part 1231 is provided with a first magnet. As an example, the moving part 1231 itself is a magnetic material and the moving part 1231 is composed of this first magnet. The sliding sleeve 141 is provided with a second magnet 1411, and the first magnet and the second magnet 1411 are magnetically connected so that the moving part 1231 is connected to the sliding sleeve 141 and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve 141.

[0077] In the above technical solution, the moving part 1231 and the sliding sleeve 141 are magnetically connected, which is convenient for enclosing the functional cavity 123 in the rod wall of the straight rod section 121, avoiding debris in the borehole from entering the functional cavity 123 and affecting the operation of the functional structure arranged in the functional cavity 123. It can be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the moving part 1231 and the sliding sleeve 141 can also be mechanically connected through a connection structure penetrating the rod wall of the straight rod section 121.

[0078] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, at least a portion of the functional cavity 123 is opened in the rod wall of the straight rod section 121 , but the functional cavity 123 is not limited to being opened only in the rod wall of the straight rod section 121 .

[0079] See also Figure 2 As an example, the functional cavity 123 extends to the rod wall of the variable diameter rod section 122, and a camera 1234 corresponding to the variable diameter rod section 122 is arranged in the functional cavity 123, and the camera 1234 is connected to a rotating seat 1235, and the rotating seat 1235 is rotatably installed in the functional cavity 123 to adjust the pitch angle of the camera 1234; the outer wall of the variable diameter rod section 122 is provided with an observation window 1221 corresponding to the camera 1234. Among them, the camera 1234 or the observation window 1221 is exemplarily configured with an LED lighting unit.

[0080] In the above technical solution, the drilling situation at the bottom of the rotary well can be directly observed by configuring the camera 1234. The camera 1234 is rotatably arranged to facilitate the observation of the drilling well corresponding to the PDC drill bit body 110 and the drilling well corresponding to the drill rod 120 from bottom to top; at the same time, since the height range of the drilling well corresponding to the drill rod 120 is relatively large, the camera 1234 is arranged on the reducer section 122, so that the camera 1234 has a larger observation angle and range upward, and can better observe the situation in the drilling well corresponding to the drill rod 120.

[0081] Continue to see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the rotating seat 1235 and the moving part 1231 are connected in a transmission manner so that when the moving part 1231 moves in a direction away from the PDC drill bit body 110, the rotating seat 1235 drives the camera 1234 to rotate in a direction away from the PDC drill bit body 110, and when the moving part 1231 moves in a direction close to the PDC drill bit body 110, the rotating seat 1235 drives the camera 1234 to rotate in a direction close to the PDC drill bit body 110.

[0082] Exemplarily, the transmission connection between the rotating seat 1235 and the moving member 1231 is configured such that when the adapter ring 142 is located at the first position, the shooting angle of the camera 1234 is tilted downward, such as Figure 2 When the adapter ring 142 is in the second position, and the adapter ring 142 corresponds to the end of the variable diameter rod segment 122 close to the straight rod segment 121, the shooting angle of the camera 1234 is horizontally forward, as shown Figure 5 When the adapter ring 142 is in the second position, and the adapter ring 142 corresponds to the main body of the straight rod segment 121, the shooting angle of the camera 1234 is tilted upward, as shown Figure 7 shown.

[0083] Based on the above technical solution, the rotating seat 1235 and the camera 1234 are driven to move by the moving part 1231, and there is no need to configure a separate power mechanism, so that the structure is simpler and the control is more convenient. Moreover, on the one hand, under normal operation, when the height of the adapter ring 142 is low, the system is in a drilling working state with a low drilling fluid supply speed or a suspended construction state. At this time, it is necessary to observe the rock debris deposition near the PDC drill bit body 110 more downward, and the camera 1234 rotates downward through the transmission effect to better observe the construction situation; on the other hand, when cracks appear in the drilling well and the actual relative height of the adapter ring 142 is low, the cracks usually appear below the adapter ring 142 at this time, and the camera 1234 rotates downward through the transmission effect to better observe the abnormal cracks in the drilling well; on the other hand, when the drilling well collapses and causes the adapter ring 142 to be blocked, the actual relative height of the adapter ring 142 is high at this time, and the camera 1234 rotates upward through the transmission effect to better observe the collapse of the drilling well near the adapter ring 142.

[0084] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the transmission method between the rotating seat 1235 and the moving part 1231 is not limited. Unless otherwise specified, it can be conventional methods such as but not limited to conveyor belts, gears, racks, etc.

[0085] Continue to see Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As an example, the rotating seat 1235 is connected to a winding spring 1236, and a traction rope 1237 is connected between the winding spring 1236 and the moving part 1231, so that the rotating seat 1235 and the moving part 1231 are connected in transmission.

[0086] In the above technical solution, the elastic restoring force of the winding spring 1236 and the pulling force of the moving part 1231 on the pull rope respectively provide power for the reciprocating motion of the rotating seat 1235. Compared with the gear, the winding spring 1236 can achieve a greater transmission ratio in a smaller space; and compared with the meshing methods such as gears and racks, the force required to pull the winding spring 1236 is relatively small, avoiding affecting the stability of the magnetic connection between the sliding sleeve 141 and the moving part 1231.

[0087] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An anti-mud balling PDC drill bit, characterized in that: include: A PDC drill bit body, wherein a nozzle is provided at the end of the PDC drill bit body, and a plurality of spiral blades are provided at intervals on the outer wall of the PDC drill bit body, wherein the spiral blades are connected with cutting teeth; A drill pipe, wherein the outer diameter of the drill pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit body; An auxiliary rod, the auxiliary rod being connected between the drill rod and the PDC drill bit body, a plurality of spiral blades being arranged at intervals on the outer wall of the auxiliary rod, and the spiral direction of the spiral blades being the same as the spiral direction of the spiral blades; and An adjustment adapter assembly, the adjustment adapter assembly comprises a sliding sleeve and an adapter ring connected to each other, the outer diameter of the adapter ring matches the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit body; the sliding sleeve is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the drill rod along the axial direction of the drill rod, so that the adapter ring can reciprocate between a first position and a second position; wherein, when the adapter ring is in the first position, the adapter ring is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the auxiliary rod, and the adapter ring is abutted against the side of the spiral blade close to the drill rod; when the adapter ring is in the second position, the adapter ring is spaced around the outside of the drill rod, and a material clearance channel for cuttings to pass through is provided between the adapter ring and the drill rod; The outer edge of the spiral blade is connected to an annular sleeve, and the outer diameter of the annular sleeve is the same as the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit body; The outer diameter of the adapter ring is smaller than the outer diameter of the annular sleeve and larger than the inner diameter of the annular sleeve; one end of the annular sleeve close to the drill pipe is aligned with one end of the spiral blade close to the drill pipe, so that when the adapter ring is in the first position, the outer edge of the adapter ring abuts against the end face of the annular sleeve close to the drill pipe.

2. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pitch of the spiral blade is smaller than the pitch of the spiral blade.

3. The anti-mud balling PDC drill bit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The drill rod comprises a straight rod section and a reducing rod section connected to each other, the reducing rod section is located on a side of the straight rod section close to the PDC drill bit body, and the outer diameter of the reducing rod section gradually increases in a direction away from the straight rod section; the sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the straight rod section.

4. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the adapter ring is located at the second position, the adapter ring has a first working state and a second working state; when the adapter ring is in the first working state, the adapter ring sleeve surrounds the outside of the reducer rod segment; when the adapter ring is in the second working state, the adapter ring sleeve surrounds the outside of the straight rod segment; A functional cavity is provided in the rod wall of the straight rod section. A moving part and a sensor for detecting the position of the moving part are arranged in the functional cavity. The moving part is connected to the sliding sleeve and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve.

5. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The moving part is provided with a first magnet, and the sliding sleeve is provided with a second magnet. The first magnet and the second magnet are magnetically connected, so that the moving part is connected to the sliding sleeve and moves synchronously with the sliding sleeve.

6. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The functional cavity extends to the rod wall of the variable diameter rod section, and a camera corresponding to the variable diameter rod section is provided in the functional cavity. The camera is connected to a rotating seat, and the rotating seat is rotatably installed in the functional cavity for adjusting the pitch angle of the camera; the outer wall of the variable diameter rod section is provided with an observation window corresponding to the camera.

7. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating seat and the moving part are transmission connected so that when the moving part moves in a direction away from the PDC drill bit body, the rotating seat drives the camera to rotate in a direction away from the PDC drill bit body, and when the moving part moves in a direction close to the PDC drill bit body, the rotating seat drives the camera to rotate in a direction close to the PDC drill bit body.

8. The anti-balling PDC drill bit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating seat is connected with a winding spring, and a traction rope is connected between the winding spring and the moving part, so that the rotating seat and the moving part are connected in transmission.

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