Dynamic monitoring and early warning equipment and method for mine slope excavation
By using non-contact multi-testing points dynamic monitoring and early warning equipment on the slopes of open-pit mines, combined with vision detectors and targets, the problems of dynamic changes in slope stability and complex equipment recycling are solved, and efficient dynamic monitoring and early warning are achieved .
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411471834.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
AI Technical Summary
During the mining of open-pit mine slopes, the stability of the slope dynamically changes, resulting in complex and high cost of recycling of monitoring equipment, making it difficult to achieve efficient dynamic monitoring and early warning.
The dynamic monitoring and early warning equipment of non-contact multi-testing points is adopted to collect and monitor the dynamic displacement data of slopes through the combination of vision detector and target, avoiding the need for equipment recycling.
Real-time acquisition and monitoring of dynamic displacement data during mining slope excavation is realized, which improves monitoring flexibility and coverage, and reduces the complexity and cost of equipment recycling.
Smart Images
Figure CN119509391A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the field of mine early warning technology, and specifically to a dynamic monitoring and early warning device and method for mine slope excavation. Background Art
[0002] Open-pit slopes are the most important research object in open-pit mining, and almost all open-pit mining problems arise around slopes. As mining continues to develop towards depth, high intensity, and large scale, the demand for mining and environmental protection continues to increase. The slope angle of open-pit mining is an important indicator of resource recovery rate. Under the premise of ensuring slope stability, the mining scope of open-pit mines should be expanded to the maximum extent to give full play to the mining advantages of open-pit mines. At the same time, as mines continue to be mined in depth, the geological characteristics and scale of slopes are becoming more and more complex and changeable, and the difficulty of analyzing slope stability under various scales and working conditions is increasing. At the same time, the mining disturbance of open-pit mine slopes will cause changes in the mechanical strength parameters of the slope rock mass, resulting in dynamic changes in the stability of the slope. Therefore, it is particularly important to maximize the mineral production and ensure the stable and safe operation of mines around the slopes of open-pit mines.
[0003] In order to achieve the above-mentioned maximum increase in mineral mining volume, the safety of mine stability is very important. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a feasible slope early warning method. Slope monitoring is the basis for early warning. Real-time detection of slopes is carried out through measuring instruments, such as inclinometers and deformometers. The use of the above instruments follows the excavation procedure of the mine slope and needs to be set on the slope according to the excavation progress. In order to avoid direct waste of equipment, the equipment and instruments need to be recovered later. The slope has multiple layers and covers a large area, and the recovery process is cumbersome and complicated, which is inconvenient to carry out.
[0004] In view of the above-mentioned existing technical problems, a dynamic monitoring and early warning device and method for mine slope excavation are proposed to solve them. Summary of the invention
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present application provides a dynamic monitoring and early warning device and method for mine slope excavation, which has the advantages of non-contact multiple measuring points, no need for recovery and low cost.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions: a dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation, comprising a visual detector and a target, wherein the visual detector comprises a base, a mounting pipe movably mounted on the base, and a support arranged below the base; A floating frame is also fixedly installed on the top of the base, the mounting tube is rotatably connected to the floating frame, two sliders are fixedly installed on the side of the mounting tube, a slide groove corresponding to the slider is opened on the floating frame, and a locking pin for abutting and locking the mounting tube is also threadedly installed on the floating frame; The support includes a guide tube fixedly installed on the bottom of the base, a leg slidably connected to the guide tube, a connecting ring fixedly installed on the bottom end of the guide tube, a connecting rod extending to the middle of the four guide tubes fixedly installed on the bottom of the base, an adjusting box fixedly installed on the bottom end of the connecting rod, a top rod slidably installed inside the adjusting box that extends through the connecting ring, an extrusion block fixedly installed on one end of the top rod corresponding to the leg, a cone head fixedly installed on one end of the top rod located in the adjusting box, and an extrusion block in contact with the cone head is also provided inside the adjusting box.
[0007] Furthermore, the floating frame is a U-shaped frame as a whole, and the slide grooves are symmetrically arranged in arc shapes on both side surfaces of the floating frame. The slider is in the shape of a T-rod, and the end of the slider passes through the slide groove. The end of the slider extends to the outside of the floating frame and expands outward to form a plane, and the width of the plane is greater than the slide groove.
[0008] Furthermore, a slide plate is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the guide tube, the diameter of the slide plate corresponds to the inner diameter of the guide tube, and the diameter of the slide plate is smaller than the opening diameter of the guide tube.
[0009] Furthermore, a spring is connected between the slide plate and the inner cavity wall of the guide tube, one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the slide plate, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the guide tube.
[0010] Furthermore, a rubber block is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the supporting leg, and the rubber block is a spherical piece.
[0011] Furthermore, the extrusion block is a truncated cone, and the inclined surface of the extrusion block contacts the conical surface of the cone head.
[0012] Furthermore, a sizing sleeve is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the regulating box, and the push rod is slidably connected to the sizing sleeve.
[0013] Furthermore, a handle fixedly connected to the extrusion block runs through the bottom of the adjustment box.
[0014] A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for mine slope excavation includes the following steps: S1, component slope targets and visual detector base positions, targets are continuously arranged on the stepped surface of the slope, and the visual detector is set at the lowest layer of the slope, the inclination angle of the mounting tube of the visual detector is adjusted so that the visual detector covers most of the target area, and the visual detector is continuously arranged to achieve overall coverage of the side of the slope.
[0015] S2. According to the established basic coordinate position, the dynamic displacement of the target along with the excavation of the mine slope is measured. At the same time, the data needs to be preliminarily processed and cleaned to obtain a data format that can be used for model components.
[0016] S3, data integration, integrates data from multiple data sources, and cooperates with visualization scenarios such as GIS maps to achieve joint reproduction of multiple data to promote data mining and exploration, and finally uses data association technology to associate and mine the data.
[0017] S4. Early warning model construction, the instability and destruction stage of the slip has strong adaptability to short-term forecasts. The main differential equation of the slip displacement process is:
[0018] Since the evolution of slippage is similar to the process from reproduction to extinction of organisms, the critical point from maturity to extinction is taken as the critical displacement value of slippage. When dx / dt is the maximum value, the time interval of slippage is:
[0019] The predicted value of the slippage occurrence time is:
[0020] In the formula, b is the unknown coefficient, which is solved by the least square method. , are the initial displacement value and initial time.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects: The dynamic monitoring and early warning equipment and method for mine slope excavation collects dynamic displacement data of the slope by setting targets in conjunction with a visual detector. Since the identified targets are directly used, regional cleaning can be achieved without the need for recovery in the later stage. At the same time, the visual detector is set to cover the target under the regional area at an elevation angle, which improves the application mathematics of the visual detector. Flexible movement and adjustment can be achieved during the mine slope excavation process. By setting a model constructed by dynamic displacement data, the mechanical model is simple to construct based on the limit balance valve, the calculation formula is simple, and the calculation accuracy for simple slopes is relatively high, which can play an important role in the mine slope excavation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the target layout structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visual inspection instrument for this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the regulating box of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support legs of this application.
[0023] In the figure: 1. Slope; 2. Target; 3. Visual detector; 31. Base; 32. Floating frame; 33. Mounting tube; 34. Slider; 35. Slide groove; 36. Locking pin; 4. Guide tube; 5. Leg; 6. Rubber block; 7. Slide plate; 8. Spring; 9. Connecting ring; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Adjusting box; 12. Push rod; 13. Extrusion block; 14. Cone head; 15. Sizing sleeve; 16. Extrusion block; 17. Threaded rod; 18. Handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0025] See also Figures 1 to 4 In this embodiment, a dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation includes a visual detector 3 and a target 2, wherein the target 2 includes several targets, which are used to be set on the slope 1 to establish an initial position system, and the visual detector 3 is used to measure the slope displacement data.
[0026] In one embodiment, the slope 1 has a wide stepped surface and a large span. At this time, the targets 2 are arranged in sequence along the stepped surface of the slope 1, and a visual detector 3 is set at the side of the slope 1 to monitor the displacement of the single-layer large span area; In another embodiment, the slope 1 is steep and the step surface is narrow. In this case, the targets 2 are continuously arranged on the step surface of the slope 1, and the visual detector 3 is set at the lowest layer of the slope. The elevation angle of the visual detector 3 is adjusted to achieve full area coverage of the slope 1.
[0027] In this embodiment, the visual inspection instrument 3 includes a base 31 , a mounting tube 33 movably mounted on the base 31 , and a support disposed below the base 31 .
[0028] It should be noted that a floating frame 32 is fixedly installed on the top of the base 31, and the mounting tube 33 is rotatably connected to the floating frame 32. Two sliders 34 are fixedly installed on the side of the mounting tube 33. A sliding groove 35 corresponding to the slider 34 is opened on the floating frame 32. The inclination angle of the mounting tube 33 can be adjusted by sliding the slider 34 relative to the sliding groove 35.
[0029] Specifically, the floating frame 32 is a U-shaped frame as a whole, and the slide grooves 35 are symmetrically arranged in arc shapes on both side surfaces of the floating frame 32. The slider 34 is a T-shaped rod, and the end of the slider 34 passes through the slide groove 35. The end of the slider 34 extends to the outside of the floating frame 32 and expands outward to form a plane. The width of the plane is greater than the slide groove 35, which is used to limit the slider 34 from detaching from the slide groove 35.
[0030] In this embodiment, a locking pin 36 for abutting the locking mounting tube 33 is also threadedly installed on the floating frame 32. Specifically, by rotating the locking pin 36, the locking pin 36 extends into the floating frame 32 under the cooperation of the threads and abuts against the mounting tube 33, thereby realizing the adjustment of the inclination angle of the mounting tube 33.
[0031] In this embodiment, the support includes a guide tube 4 fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base 31 , and a support leg 5 slidably connected to the guide tube 4 . A slide plate 7 is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the guide tube 4 .
[0032] Preferably, the diameter of the slide plate 7 corresponds to the inner diameter of the guide tube 4 , and the diameter of the slide plate 7 is smaller than the opening diameter of the guide tube 4 . This design makes it impossible for the support leg 5 to be separated from the connection with the guide tube 4 .
[0033] It should be noted that a spring 8 is also connected between the slide plate 7 and the inner wall of the guide tube 4. One end of the spring 8 is fixedly connected to the slide plate 7, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the guide tube 4. By pushing the slide plate 7 through the spring 8, the support leg 5 fixedly connected to the slide plate 7 can be pushed away from the guide tube 4.
[0034] In order to improve the contact adaptability between the supporting leg 5 and the ground, a rubber block 6 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the supporting leg 5 in this embodiment. The rubber block 6 is a spherical piece. The material of the rubber block 6 itself provides a certain buffering effect to maintain the stability of the supporting leg 5.
[0035] In this embodiment, a connecting ring 9 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the guide tube 4, a connecting rod 10 extending to the middle of the four guide tubes 4 is fixedly installed on the bottom of the base 31, and an adjustment box 11 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the connecting rod 10.
[0036] It should be noted that there are four guide tubes 4 and four legs 5 in total, and the four guide tubes 4 are arranged in a rectangular array.
[0037] The regulating box 11 in this embodiment is internally slidably installed with a push rod 12 extending through the connecting ring 9, and an extrusion block 16 is fixedly installed on one end of the push rod 12 corresponding to the support leg 5. The extrusion block 16 can be made of PVC material to increase contact friction and enhance locking stability.
[0038] In this embodiment, a cone head 14 is fixedly mounted on one end of the push rod 12 located in the regulating box 11 , and an extrusion block 13 in contact with the cone head 14 is also provided inside the regulating box 11 .
[0039] It should be noted that the extrusion block 13 is a truncated cone, and the inclined surface of the extrusion block 13 contacts the conical surface of the cone head 14. By lifting the extrusion block 13, the cone head 14 and the push rod 12 fixedly connected to the cone head 14 can be extruded to extend toward the outside of the adjustment box 11.
[0040] It is understandable that a threaded rod 17 threadedly connected to the connecting rod 10 is fixedly installed at the top center of the extrusion block 13, and the relative spacing of the extrusion block 13 relative to the top wall of the adjustment box 11 can be adjusted through the connection of the threaded rod 17.
[0041] In order to stabilize the extension of the push rod 12 , a sizing sleeve 15 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the adjustment box 11 , and the push rod 12 is slidably connected to the sizing sleeve 15 , so that the sliding extension trajectory of the push rod 12 can be stabilized.
[0042] Preferably, a handle 18 fixedly connected to the extrusion block 13 is also passed through the bottom of the adjustment box 11 for adjusting the position of the extrusion block 13 .
[0043] A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for mine slope excavation includes the following steps: S1, component slope target 2 and visual detector 1 basic position, the target 2 is continuously arranged on the step surface of the slope 1, and the visual detector 3 is set on the lowest layer of the slope, the inclination angle of the mounting tube 33 of the visual detector 3 is adjusted so that the visual detector 3 covers most of the target 2 area, and the visual detector 3 is continuously arranged to achieve overall coverage of the side of the slope.
[0044] S2. Based on the established basic coordinate position, the dynamic displacement of the target (2) as the mine slope is excavated is measured. At the same time, the data needs to be preliminarily processed and cleaned to obtain a data format that can be used for model components.
[0045] S3, data integration, integrates data from multiple data sources, and cooperates with visualization scenarios such as GIS maps to achieve joint reproduction of multiple data to promote data mining and exploration, and finally uses data association technology to associate and mine the data.
[0046] S4. Early warning model construction, the instability and destruction stage of the slip has strong adaptability to short-term forecasts. The main differential equation of the slip displacement process is:
[0047] Since the evolution of slippage is similar to the process from reproduction to extinction of organisms, the critical point from maturity to extinction is taken as the critical displacement value of slippage. When dx / dt is the maximum value, the time interval of slippage is:
[0048] The predicted value of the slippage occurrence time is:
[0049] In the formula, b is the unknown coefficient, which is solved by the least square method. , are the initial displacement value and initial time.
[0050] The working principle of the above embodiment is: When the visual inspection instrument 3 needs to be deployed, the visual inspection instrument 3 is carried to the location to be deployed, and the handle 18 under the base 31 of the visual inspection instrument 3 is rotated to release the top rod 12 extending to the outside of the adjustment box 11. At this time, the four legs 5 under the base 31 are pushed by the spring 8 to extend to the outside of the guide tube 4 and contact the ground. Since the ground in the deployment area is not flat, the four legs 5 extend to different lengths and contact the ground. At this time, the base 31 is leveled and the handle 18 under the base 31 is rotated. The handle 18 drives the extruder The block 13 rotates in the adjustment box 11, and the threaded rod 17 on the extrusion block 13 is threadedly engaged with the connecting rod 10 to make the extrusion block 13 rise. The extrusion block 13 rises and contacts the cone head 14, and then squeezes the four connecting rods 12 to extend toward the outside of the adjustment box 11 under the contact of the inclined surface. The connecting rod 12 extends to the inner side of the connecting ring 9 and abuts against the support leg 5, thereby limiting the sliding extension of the support leg 5 relative to the guide tube 4, thereby stabilizing the position of the base 31, and the mounting tube 33 is rotated relative to the floating frame 32 to adjust the collection inclination angle, so as to achieve coverage of the target 2 on the slope 1.
[0051] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.
[0052] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation, comprising a visual detector (3) and a target (2), characterized in that: The visual inspection instrument (3) comprises a base (31), a mounting tube (33) movably mounted on the base (31), and a support arranged below the base (31); A floating frame (32) is fixedly mounted on the top of the base (31); the mounting tube (33) is rotatably connected to the floating frame (32); two sliders (34) are fixedly mounted on the side of the mounting tube (33); a slide groove (35) corresponding to the sliders (34) is formed on the floating frame (32); a locking pin (36) for abutting and locking the mounting tube (33) is also threadedly mounted on the floating frame (32); The support comprises a guide tube (4) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base (31), a support leg (5) slidably connected to the guide tube (4), a connecting ring (9) fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the guide tube (4), a connecting rod (10) extending to the middle of the four guide tubes (4) fixedly mounted on the bottom of the base (31), an adjusting box (11) fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the connecting rod (10), a top rod (12) penetrating and extending into the connecting ring (9) slidably mounted inside the adjusting box (11), an extrusion block (16) fixedly mounted on one end of the top rod (12) corresponding to the support leg (5), a cone head (14) fixedly mounted on one end of the top rod (12) located inside the adjusting box (11), and an extrusion block (13) in contact with the cone head (14) is also arranged inside the adjusting box (11).
2. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The floating frame (32) is in the form of a U-shaped frame as a whole, and the slide grooves (35) are symmetrically arranged in an arc shape on both side surfaces of the floating frame (32), the slider (34) is in the form of a T-shaped rod, the end of the slider (34) passes through the slide groove (35), and one end of the slider (34) extending to the outside of the floating frame (32) is expanded outward to form a plane, and the width of the plane is greater than that of the slide groove (35).
3. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: A slide plate (7) is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the guide tube (4); the diameter of the slide plate (7) corresponds to the inner diameter of the guide tube (4), and the diameter of the slide plate (7) is smaller than the opening diameter of the guide tube (4).
4. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 3 is characterized by: A spring (8) is also connected between the slide plate (7) and the inner cavity wall of the guide tube (4); one end of the spring (8) is fixedly connected to the slide plate (7), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner cavity wall of the guide tube (4).
5. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: A rubber block (6) is fixedly mounted on the bottom end of the supporting leg (5), and the rubber block (6) is a spherical piece.
6. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The extrusion block (13) is a truncated cone, and the inclined surface of the extrusion block (13) contacts the conical surface of the cone head (14).
7. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 6 is characterized by: A sizing sleeve (15) is also fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the adjustment box (11), and the push rod (12) is slidably connected to the sizing sleeve (15).
8. The dynamic monitoring and early warning device for mine slope excavation according to claim 7 is characterized by: The bottom of the regulating box (11) is also penetrated by a handle (18) fixedly connected to the squeezing block (13).
9. A dynamic monitoring and early warning method for mine slope excavation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, component slope targets (2) and visual detectors (1) are positioned at the base, the targets (2) are continuously arranged on the stepped surface of the slope (1), and the visual detectors (3) are set at the lowest level of the slope, the inclination angle of the mounting tube (33) of the visual detector (3) is adjusted so that the visual detector (3) covers most of the target (2) area, and the visual detectors (3) are continuously arranged to achieve overall coverage of the side of the slope. 10.S2. Based on the established basic coordinate position, the dynamic displacement of the target (2) as the mine slope is excavated is measured. At the same time, the data needs to be preliminarily processed and cleaned to obtain a data format that can be used for model components. 11.S3, data integration, integrate data from multiple data sources, cooperate with visualization scenarios such as GIS maps, realize the joint reproduction of multiple data to promote data mining and exploration, and finally use data association technology to associate and mine the data. 12.S4. Early warning model construction, the instability and destruction stage of the slide breakout has strong adaptability to short-term forecasts. The main differential equation of the slide breakout displacement process is: Since the evolution of slippage is similar to the process from reproduction to extinction of organisms, the critical point from maturity to extinction is taken as the critical displacement value of slippage. When dx / dt is the maximum value, the time interval of slippage is: The predicted value of the slippage occurrence time is: Where b is the unknown coefficient, which is solved by the least square method, and is the initial displacement value and initial time.