Shaft vertical deformation measuring method and system based on vertical shaft bottom datum plane

Abstract

The invention discloses a shaft vertical deformation measuring method and system based on a vertical shaft bottom datum plane, and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft detection and measurement. Comprising the following steps: arranging a plurality of measuring points on each vertical deep section of a vertical shaft; when the shaft of the vertical shaft does not deform vertically, the multiple measuring points are measured respectively, and an initial target distance is obtained; after the shaft of the vertical shaft deforms vertically, the multiple measuring points are measured again, and a result target distance is obtained; determining an initial position coordinate of each measuring point, and calibrating the initial position coordinate according to a displacement increment between the initial target distance and the result target distance to obtain a result position coordinate; and further determining the vertical deformation condition and the center deflection condition of the vertical shaft. According to the invention, accurate measurement of relative deviation of the shaft center of the deep vertical shaft and long-distance vertical deformation of the shaft wall is realized, and guarantee is provided for accurate acquisition of well mouth surface subsidence and shaft deformation data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft detection, and in particular to a method and system for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference surface. Background Art

[0002] In mining, underground engineering and deep well construction, the vertical shaft is the key passage connecting the surface and the underground, and its stability is directly related to engineering safety, operating efficiency and personnel safety. The vertical deformation of the vertical shaft is directly related to the safe and stable operation of underground mines. Timely discovery and prevention of structural instability and safety accidents caused by deformation can effectively reduce the maintenance and reconstruction costs caused by structural damage and improve the economic benefits of mines. Therefore, the vertical deformation measurement of the vertical shaft is an indispensable and important part of mine management.

[0003] In the prior art, the vertical deformation of a vertical shaft is usually measured by a strain gauge buried or mounted on the shaft wall. The specific process includes: selecting appropriate strain gauge specifications and quantities according to monitoring requirements; for newly built shafts, the strain gauges are buried in designated locations during shaft wall construction; for existing shafts, the strain gauges are mounted on the shaft wall in an external manner. The strain gauges are connected to the monitoring equipment via a data cable, strain data is collected in real time or periodically, the collected data is processed and analyzed, and the vertical deformation of the shaft is calculated.

[0004] The defects of the above-mentioned prior art are: the measurement range of the built-in strain gauge is only about 20cm, and the external strain gauge is at most about 1m, and the depth of the vertical shaft far exceeds the measurement range of the strain gauge, so the strain measured by the strain gauge can only be regarded as local information. In addition, due to the drop in groundwater levels or other reasons, the ground around the mine often sinks on a large scale. During the ground sinking process, the benchmark points buried around it often sink even if the measurement level is high, resulting in inaccurate measurement data based on the ground benchmark points. Therefore, the vertical deformation amount based on local information or the vertical deformation amount obtained when the benchmark point is inaccurate cannot accurately reflect the vertical deformation result of the vertical shaft as a whole. Summary of the invention

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method and system for measuring the vertical deformation of the shaft based on the shaft bottom reference plane to address the above technical problems.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, comprising:

[0007] Multiple measuring points are arranged in each vertical depth section of the shaft, and the bottom plane of the shaft is used as the bottom reference plane;

[0008] When the shaft does not deform vertically, multiple measuring points are measured separately to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the shaft reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 ;

[0009] The coordinate system is constructed with the center of the circle at the bottom of the well as the origin, the due east direction of the circle as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki );

[0010] The vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section are determined based on the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and the central deflection of the shaft is determined based on the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0011] Optionally, the acquisition of the vertical depth section specifically includes:

[0012] Obtain point cloud data of the inner surface of the shaft;

[0013] The point cloud data of different vertical depth sections of the inner surface of the vertical shaft are fitted by the least squares method to obtain multiple vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft.

[0014] Optionally, the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom hole reference plane is obtained. 初 , specifically including:

[0015] When the shaft of the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section are measured for the first time to obtain the initial distance of each measuring point on two adjacent sections; the initial distances of each adjacent section in the same orientation are added together to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well datum plane. 初 (Z 01 , Z 02 , Z 03 );

[0016] The result target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane is obtained終 , including:

[0017] After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section are measured again to obtain the result target distance of each measuring point on two adjacent sections. The result target distance of the two adjacent sections in the same direction is summed to obtain the result target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 終 (Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 13 ).

[0018] Optionally, by initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between:

[0019]

[0020] Among them, δx ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the x-axis, δy ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the y-axis, δz ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the z-axis.

[0021] Optionally, the vertical deformation of the shaft is determined according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point, including:

[0022] According to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates, the vertical strain of the wellbore wall corresponding to the ith measuring point on the kth vertical depth section is determined by the formula:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, z ki is the ordinate of the position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section after vertical deformation occurs, is the ordinate of the initial position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section;

[0025] According to the vertical strain ε ki Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft.

[0026] Optionally, determining the central deflection of the shaft according to the plane normal vector n specifically includes:

[0027] Determine the plane normal vector n of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates. k1 ,B k1 ,C k1 );

[0028] Based on the plane normal vector n of the vertical depth section, the angle θ between the plane where the measuring point is located after vertical deformation occurs and the plane where the measuring point is located when no vertical deformation occurs is determined. The formula is:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, A k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the x-axis, B k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the y axis, C k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the z-axis;

[0031] The central deviation of the shaft is determined by the angle θ.

[0032] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a wellbore vertical deformation measurement system based on a vertical well bottom reference plane, comprising:

[0033] The measuring point layout module is used to layout multiple measuring points in each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and use the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane;

[0034] The coordinate measurement module is used to measure multiple measuring points separately when there is no vertical deformation in the vertical shaft, and obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 ;

[0035] The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the circle of the bottom well reference plane as the origin, the due east direction of the circle center as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle center as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki );

[0036] The measurement module is used to determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and to determine the central deflection of the shaft according to the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0037] Optionally, the measuring point layout module arranges no less than 3 measuring points in each vertical depth section, arranges a laser light source at the measuring point on the bottom plane of the well, arranges a laser target at the measuring point of the topmost vertical depth section, and arranges a laser light source-target combination at the measuring points of other vertical depth sections.

[0038] Optionally, the laser light source-target assembly consists of a laser light source and a target fixedly connected above and below, wherein the upper laser light source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is vertically aligned with the same-azimuth measuring point of the adjacent vertical depth section below.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned method and system for measuring the vertical deformation of a shaft based on the bottom reference plane of a vertical shaft provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] The present invention selects the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane, and according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0041] The above technical solution uses the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane. The resulting position coordinates obtained through displacement increment calibration can reflect the overall vertical deformation process of the shaft, solving the problem in the prior art that local information cannot accurately reflect the overall vertical deformation results of the shaft, and realizing the precise measurement of the relative offset of the shaft center of the deep shaft and the long-distance vertical deformation of the shaft wall, providing a guarantee for accurately obtaining the wellhead surface subsidence and shaft deformation data, and providing a scientific, reliable, economical and practical new monitoring technology for the long-term safe operation and maintenance of the shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane provided in an embodiment;

[0043] Figure 2A measurement layout diagram of a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane provided in an embodiment;

[0044] Figure 3 A horizontal cross-sectional displacement diagram of a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane provided in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 4 A vertical strain diagram of a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane provided in one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] In one embodiment, a method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane is provided, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0048] Multiple measuring points are arranged in each vertical depth section of the shaft, and the bottom plane of the shaft is used as the bottom reference plane.

[0049] When the shaft does not deform vertically, multiple measuring points are measured separately to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the shaft reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 .

[0050] The coordinate system is constructed with the center of the circle at the bottom of the well as the origin, the due east direction of the circle as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0051] The vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section are determined based on the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and the central deflection of the shaft is determined based on the plane normal vector n.

[0052] Illustratively, an embodiment of the present application is provided.

[0053] 1. Arrange multiple measuring points in each vertical depth section of the shaft, and use the bottom plane of the shaft as the bottom reference plane.

[0054] (1) Obtaining vertical depth sections

[0055] Obtain point cloud data of the inner surface of the shaft;

[0056] The point cloud data of different vertical depth sections of the inner surface of the vertical shaft are fitted by the least squares method to obtain multiple vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft.

[0057] 2. When the shaft of the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, multiple measuring points are measured separately to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section of each measuring point relative to the bottom of the shaft reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section of each measuring point relative to the bottom of the well. 終 .

[0058] (1) One or more vertical sections are arranged along the vertical depth of the shaft, and multiple measuring points are arranged on each vertical section. Laser ranging sensor measuring points and corresponding laser targets are arranged on the middle section, and laser ranging sensor measuring points or laser targets are arranged on the bottom section and the wellhead section. The vertical coordinates of the bottom of the shaft are set to 0, 0, and 0 for the three directions of each measuring point.

[0059] (2) Initial target distance

[0060] When the shaft of the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, the initial measurement is performed on multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section (the laser ranging sensor of each measuring point is used to measure the distance from the laser ranging sensor of two adjacent sections to the laser target), and the initial distance of each measuring point on the two adjacent sections is obtained; the initial distance of each adjacent section in the same orientation is added together to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 初 (Z 01 , Z 02 , Z 03 ).

[0061] (3) Result target distance

[0062] After the vertical deformation of the shaft, the laser distance sensor is used again to measure multiple measuring points in each vertical depth section to obtain the result target distance of each measuring point on two adjacent sections. The result target distance of the two adjacent sections in the same direction is summed to obtain the result target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 終 (Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 13 ).

[0063] (4) Subtract the two measurement results, and use the difference as the correction value (i.e., displacement increment) between the bottom hole reference plane and the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located.

[0064] For the nth measurement result, an updated displacement increment can be obtained by processing through the above process.

[0065] 3. Construct a coordinate system with the center of the circle at the bottom of the well as the origin, the due east direction of the circle as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0066] 4. Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section based on the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and determine the center deflection of the shaft based on the plane normal vector n.

[0067] The specific implementation process is:

[0068] 1. First, use a laser 3D scanner to collect point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft, and process the point cloud data. Use the least squares method to fit the cross-sectional point cloud data of the inner surface of the vertical shaft at different vertical depths to obtain the fitting center coordinates and cross-sectional diameter values ​​of the vertical shaft sections at different vertical depths. The fitting center is used as the physical center of the vertical shaft sections at different vertical depths in the monitoring starting state.

[0069] 2. According to the actual shaft depth, select 30 to 500m as the interval, such as Figure 2As shown, one or more layers of vertical sections are arranged along the vertical depth of the shaft, multiple measuring points are arranged on each vertical section, a fixed laser light source is arranged at the measuring point on the bottom level of the well, a laser target is arranged at the measuring point of the uppermost vertical section, and a laser light source-target combination is arranged at the measuring points of the remaining vertical sections. The combination consists of a laser light source and a target fixedly connected up and down, wherein the upper laser light source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is vertically aligned with the same-azimuth measuring point on the adjacent lower vertical section.

[0070] 2.1 Positioning, fixing and protection technology of laser light sources at three horizontal measuring points at the bottom of the well. Positioning includes co-planar positioning through relative elevation control and azimuth determination in the bottom plane. The latter is determined by analyzing the point cloud data obtained in step 1. The focus is on designing the point cloud data of the vertical section layer to ensure that there are a considerable number of point cloud data on the fitting circle on the horizontal section at the test points on the remaining vertical sections in the same direction as the bottom plane azimuth to be determined. The azimuth of the bottom measuring point after positioning will be as follows: Figure 2 The orientation of the remaining vertical depth section measurement points shown in the figure is determined to lay the foundation. The fixation of the laser light source at the bottom of the well is the basis for ensuring the stable and continuous measurement of the overall deflection of the vertical shaft, which is achieved through the anchor support. Although the horizontal bottom of the well has natural advantages such as being unaffected by the movement of the overlying loose soil layer, it is easily hit and damaged by falling objects. A rigid protective cover with holes is set to protect the laser light source and the support, while leaving enough laser channels.

[0071] 2.2 The connection, positioning, fixation and protection technology of the laser light source-target assembly at the intermediate vertical depth section measurement point. The laser light source and the laser target are rigidly connected by stainless steel bolts, and the fixed body is fixed to the well wall at the designed vertical depth section measurement point by two wall anchors to ensure that the fixed body always maintains a plumb posture. The positioning is determined by the analysis of the vertical depth section layer point cloud data in step 2.1 to ensure that the three measurement points are on the same fitting circle and are consistent with the horizontal position of the corresponding laser light source at the bottom of the well. The laser light source-target assembly is protected by a rigid protective cover with holes anchored to the well wall to prevent it from being damaged by the impact of falling objects in the well.

[0072] 3. In each vertical depth section, each laser ranging sensor is connected by a communication cable and merged into a main cable laid vertically along the well wall, and finally reaches the wellhead. The conventional wireless communication module transmits the data to the cloud platform to realize real-time control of the laser ranging sensor, data collection and analysis, and data sharing within the authorized scope.

[0073] 4. The initial position coordinates of the three measuring points on the kth vertical depth section are i = 1, 2, 3, representing the serial number of the measuring point. The coordinate system of the measuring point is constructed with the center of the wellbore circle on the bottom plane as the origin, due east as the x-axis, due north as the y-axis, and vertically upward as the z-axis. x represents the x-axis, y represents the y-axis, and z represents the z-axis.

[0074] Update the coordinates of the three measuring points to (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ),in:

[0075]

[0076] Here δx ki ,δy ki ,δz ki The initial target distance L is 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increments along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions. Figure 3 The starting blue measurement point shown is moved to the current red measurement point.

[0077] A lot of practical experience shows that the rigidity of reinforced concrete shaft is large, and it can be considered that the three measuring points mentioned above are still coplanar and cocircular after deformation. From the coordinates of the three points, the coordinates of the center of the circle are solved according to the following equation:

[0078]

[0079] Among them, A ki , B ki , C ki , D ki , i = 1, 2, 3, are the mathematical quantities required to calculate the coordinates of the center of the circle. They are the coordinates of the three measuring points (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ) has the following form:

[0080]

[0081] Then we can find the radius of the circle:

[0082]

[0083] According to the above results, the normal vector n of the plane where the measuring point is located can be directly calculated. k1 ,B k1 ,C k1 ), since the plane where the measuring point is located before deformation is a horizontal plane, the angle between the plane where the measuring point is located after deformation and the horizontal plane is:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, A k1 , B k1 and C k1 are the components of the plane normal vector n on the x, y, and z axes.

[0086] Based on the above information, the center deviation of the shaft can be determined by the angle θ.

[0087] 5. Based on the vertical strain distribution of the three different directions of the shaft and the corresponding depth sections of the designed vertical depth section obtained by laser ranging, the vertical strain of the well wall at the direction corresponding to the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section from the bottom of the well can be calculated according to the following formula (with the bottom of the well as the vertical zero point).

[0088]

[0089] Among them, z ki is the ordinate of the position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section after vertical deformation occurs, It is the ordinate of the initial position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section.

[0090] According to the above, if Figure 4 As shown, according to the vertical strain ε ki Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft.

[0091] 6. According to the allowable value of shaft deflection specified in the specification and the allowable value of strain of the shaft design grade concrete; the shaft deflection and strain values ​​measured in real time can be used as follows: Figure 2 On the cloud platform shown, warning information of appropriate level is issued.

[0092] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a shaft vertical deformation measurement system based on a shaft bottom reference plane, comprising:

[0093] The measuring point layout module is used to layout multiple measuring points in each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and use the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane.

[0094] The coordinate measurement module is used to measure multiple measuring points separately when there is no vertical deformation in the vertical shaft, and obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 .

[0095] The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the circle of the bottom well reference plane as the origin, the due east direction of the circle center as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle center as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ).

[0096] The measurement module is used to determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and to determine the central deflection of the shaft according to the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

[0097] Among them, the measuring point layout module arranges no less than 3 measuring points in each vertical depth section, arranges laser light sources at the measuring points on the bottom plane of the well, arranges laser targets at the measuring points of the top vertical depth section, and arranges laser light source-target combinations at the measuring points of other vertical depth sections. The laser light source-target combination consists of a laser light source and a target fixedly connected up and down, wherein the upper laser light source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is vertically aligned with the same-azimuth measuring point of the adjacent vertical depth section below.

[0098] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a reference plane at the bottom of a vertical shaft, characterized in that: include: Multiple measuring points are arranged in each vertical depth section of the shaft, and the bottom plane of the shaft is used as the bottom reference plane; When the shaft does not deform vertically, multiple measuring points are measured separately to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the shaft reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 ; The coordinate system is constructed with the center of the circle at the bottom of the well as the origin, the due east direction of the circle as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: ( ), through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ); The vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section are determined based on the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and the central deflection of the shaft is determined based on the plane normal vector n.

2. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of vertical depth section specifically includes: Obtain point cloud data of the inner surface of the shaft; The point cloud data of different vertical depth sections of the inner surface of the vertical shaft are fitted by the least squares method to obtain multiple vertical depth sections of the vertical shaft.

3. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane 初 , including: When the shaft of the vertical shaft has not undergone vertical deformation, multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section are measured for the first time to obtain the initial distance of each measuring point on two adjacent sections; the initial distances of each adjacent section in the same orientation are added together to obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well datum plane. 初 (Z 01 , Z 02 , Z 03 ); The result target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane is obtained 終 , including: After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points of each vertical depth section are measured again to obtain the result target distance of each measuring point on two adjacent sections. The result target distance of the two adjacent sections in the same direction is summed to obtain the result target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 終 (Z 11 , Z 12 , Z 13 ).

4. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between: Among them, δx ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the x-axis, δy ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the y-axis, δz ki is the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The displacement increment along the z-axis.

5. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical deformation of the shaft is determined based on the initial position coordinates and result position coordinates of each measuring point, including: According to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates, the vertical strain of the wellbore wall corresponding to the ith measuring point on the kth vertical depth section is determined by the formula: Among them, z ki is the ordinate of the position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section after vertical deformation occurs, is the ordinate of the initial position coordinate of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section; According to the vertical strain ε ki Determine the vertical deformation of the shaft.

6. A method for measuring vertical deformation of a shaft based on a vertical shaft bottom reference plane as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Determining the central deflection of the shaft according to the plane normal vector n specifically includes: Determine the plane normal vector n of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates. k1 ,B k1 ,C k1 ); Based on the plane normal vector n of the vertical depth section, the angle θ between the plane where the measuring point is located after vertical deformation occurs and the plane where the measuring point is located when no vertical deformation occurs is determined. The formula is: Among them, A k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the x-axis, B k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the y-axis, C k1 is the component of the plane normal vector n on the z-axis; The central deviation of the shaft is determined by the angle θ.

7. A shaft vertical deformation measurement system based on a shaft bottom reference plane, characterized in that: include: The measuring point layout module is used to layout multiple measuring points in each vertical depth section of the vertical shaft, and use the bottom plane of the vertical shaft as the bottom reference plane; The coordinate measurement module is used to measure multiple measuring points separately when there is no vertical deformation in the vertical shaft, and obtain the initial target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well reference plane. 初 After the vertical deformation of the shaft, multiple measuring points are measured again to obtain the target distance L of the vertical depth section where the measuring point is located relative to the bottom of the well. 終 ; The coordinate calibration module is used to construct a coordinate system with the center of the circle of the bottom well reference plane as the origin, the due east direction of the circle center as the x-axis, the due north direction of the circle center as the y-axis, and the vertical direction of the circle center as the z-axis; according to the initial target distance L 初 Determine the initial position coordinates of the i-th measuring point on the k-th vertical depth section when the shaft has no vertical deformation: Through the initial target distance L 初 and the result target distance L 終 The initial position coordinates are calibrated by the displacement increment between and the result position coordinates (x ki ,y ki ,z ki ); The measurement module is used to determine the vertical deformation of the shaft and the plane normal vector n of the kth vertical depth section according to the initial position coordinates and the result position coordinates of each measuring point; and to determine the central deflection of the shaft according to the vertical deformation and the plane normal vector n.

8. A shaft vertical deformation measurement system based on a shaft bottom reference plane as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring point layout module arranges no less than 3 measuring points in each vertical depth section, arranges a laser light source at the measuring point on the bottom plane of the well, arranges a laser target at the measuring point on the uppermost vertical depth section, and arranges a laser light source-target combination at the measuring points on other vertical depth sections.

9. A shaft vertical deformation measurement system based on a shaft bottom reference plane as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The laser light source-target assembly consists of a laser light source and a target fixedly connected up and down, wherein the upper laser light source emission port faces upward, and the lower laser target is vertically aligned with the same azimuth measuring point of the adjacent vertical depth section below.

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