Visual sound signal and auditory conduction path dynamic model system and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to but is not limited to the technical field of auditory conduction, and discloses a visual sound signal and auditory conduction path dynamic model system and method.A sound signal conduction module is used for transmitting sound waves from an external auditory canal to a tympanic membrane, the tympanic membrane vibrates, an ossicular chain is driven to vibrate, and then vibration in a cochlea is caused; and the auditory signal transmission module is used for enabling the cochlea to generate an auditory signal after vibration is transmitted into the cochlea, and the auditory signal passes through the volute ganglion, the cochlear ventral side nucleus, the cochlear dorsal side nucleus, the hypothalamus and the medial geniculate body to reach the auditory region of the brain. The method is a whole-process composite model of a sound signal and an auditory conduction path, and a whole process from sound waves to external ears to brain perception auditory sense is duplicated; the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain and the lymph in the cochlea can dynamically vibrate and are close to the reality of a human body; auditory nerve fiber multi-color light circuit display is dynamic, visual, visual and clear; the APP program is combined with the entity switch, so that the interestingness of the model is increased while the operation is convenient; the design is ingenious, reasonable, feasible and worthy of popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to but is not limited to the field of auditory conduction technology, and in particular relates to a visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system and method. Background Art

[0002] Existing technology: The current LED light strip technology is mature, and mobile phone software is popular, which can provide lighting effects for the model, indicating that the signal transmission process is better. The motor is mature and can provide power for the vibration of the eardrum and ossicular chain.

[0003] Teaching background: The auditory conduction pathway is an important knowledge point in the conduction pathway of the nervous system in human anatomy. The auditory conduction pathway is complex and intertwined, and it is not easy for students to understand it intuitively. In the current human anatomy teaching models, there are few human ear models, and those that exist are only static, which does not show the true state of sound wave conduction in the human body well. At the same time, there are also few models of the auditory conduction pathway, and those that exist are only plane models, and there is still room for improvement in the expression of the neural signal conduction process. The existing ear model is static, and the vibration form of the eardrum and the ossicular chain cannot be displayed intuitively; the cochlea in the ear model can only show the appearance, and its internal structure cannot be displayed. The auditory conduction pathway is an important knowledge point in human anatomy, and the nerves are intertwined. It is not easy for students to understand directly during the teaching process, and a better teaching model is urgently needed to demonstrate it.

[0004] Market background: In the current human anatomy teaching model market, there are very few models of auditory conduction pathways. The models that exist are only flat models that cannot show their three-dimensional anatomical structure, and their intuitiveness and visibility need to be improved. In addition, there is currently a lack of models that demonstrate the complete process of sound waves from the outer ear to the brain to form hearing. There are almost no human anatomy models on the market that demonstrate the conduction process from sound waves entering the external auditory canal to the brain receiving auditory signals.

[0006] Technical problems and defects of existing technologies:

[0007] 1. Difficulties in understanding due to the complexity of neural pathways

[0008] The auditory conduction pathway is an important knowledge point in anatomy, involving multiple complex anatomical structures and signal transmission processes. Traditional demonstration methods and tools are not easy to effectively help patients, students and researchers intuitively understand or describe this complex system.

[0009] question:

[0010] Complexity and abstractness: The auditory conduction pathway involves multiple anatomical structures, such as the cochlear ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body. Traditional teaching tools and methods cannot dynamically display these structures and conduction processes, making it difficult for students and researchers to form a clear understanding in their minds.

[0011] Limited teaching effect: Existing teaching resources mainly rely on static diagrams and text descriptions, lacking interactivity and intuitiveness, which makes it difficult for students to master and apply this knowledge point.

[0012] 2. Lack of auditory conduction models and their limitations

[0013] Auditory conduction models are very rare on the market, and most of the existing models are flat models; outer ear models are mostly static models, lacking dynamic models, and cannot truly reproduce the transmission process of auditory signals in the ear and neural pathways.

[0014] question:

[0015] Planarization of the model: Most existing auditory conduction models are flat diagrams that cannot display the process of sound wave conduction and auditory signal transmission in three dimensions, limiting users' understanding and application of the auditory system.

[0016] Lack of dynamic display: Flat auditory models and static ear models cannot simulate the dynamic process of sound waves and auditory signals in various conduction pathways, resulting in a lack of necessary intuitive tools for hearing diagnosis and research, which affects the accuracy of diagnosis and the depth of research.

[0017] Technical problems existing in existing technologies:

[0018] 1. Difficulty in understanding:

[0019] Neural conduction pathways involve complex structures and processes. Traditional static teaching methods and tools cannot effectively help students and researchers understand these complex systems, resulting in unsatisfactory teaching results.

[0020] 2. Lack of three-dimensional and dynamic models:

[0021] There is a lack of three-dimensional, dynamic auditory conduction pathway models on the market. The existing models are multi-planar and cannot vividly display the transmission process of auditory signals, which limits their application in hearing diagnosis, rehabilitation and research.

[0022] 3. Insufficient teaching resources:

[0023] In anatomy teaching, nerve conduction pathways are important knowledge points. Due to the limitations of existing technical means, it is not easy for students to gain in-depth understanding through existing plane models and static diagrams. The lack of teaching resources limits the improvement of teaching effectiveness.

[0024] 4. Lack of intuitive tools for diagnosis and rehabilitation:

[0025] During the hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation process, there is a lack of tools that can intuitively display the process of auditory signal transmission, which makes it difficult for patients to understand their hearing problems, affecting the treatment effect and rehabilitation progress.

[0026] Through the above analysis, it is clear that the existing technology has significant deficiencies in understanding the complexity of neural conduction pathways, the three-dimensional and dynamic display of auditory conduction models, the richness of teaching resources, and the intuitiveness of diagnostic and rehabilitation tools. Solving these technical problems and defects is of great significance to improving the teaching quality of the auditory system, the effect of hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation, and the depth and breadth of related scientific research. Summary of the invention

[0027] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a visual sound signal and a dynamic model system of the auditory conduction pathway.

[0028] The present invention is implemented as follows: a visual acoustic signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system, comprising: an acoustic signal conduction module; an auditory signal conduction module;

[0029] The acoustic signal transmission module is connected to the auditory signal transmission module and is used to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates, which drives the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causes vibrations in the cochlea.

[0030] The auditory signal transmission module is connected to the acoustic signal transmission module, and is used to transmit vibrations to the cochlea. The perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea vibrate successively, and the spiral organ generates auditory signals, which pass through the four ganglia of the cochlear ganglion, the ventral cochlear nucleus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus nucleus, and the medial geniculate body, and finally reach the auditory area of ​​the brain.

[0031] The vibration conduction of the eardrum and ossicular chain sound signals provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with vibration by a rotary motor and an external battery, simulating the conduction of real sound waves.

[0032] The external auditory canal and cochlear sound signal transmission provided by the embodiment of the present invention is simulated by an LED light strip, and the flashing frequency can be specifically adjusted. The cochlea is a transparent snail-shaped organ, and contains three tubes to represent the vestibular scala, tympanic scala, and cochlear duct. The tubes contain granular liquid to reflect the vibration of the internal and external lymph.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for visualizing acoustic signals and a dynamic model system of an auditory conduction pathway provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0034] S101, a sound signal transmission module is used to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum, and the eardrum vibrates, driving the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causing vibrations in the cochlea;

[0035] S102, through the auditory signal transmission module, when the vibration is transmitted to the cochlea, the cochlea will generate an auditory signal, which passes through the four ganglia of the cochlear ganglion, the ventral cochlear nucleus, the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body, and finally reaches the auditory area of ​​the brain.

[0036] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for conducting a dynamic model system of a visualized sound signal and an auditory conduction pathway.

[0037] Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the processor to execute the steps of the method for conducting a dynamic model system of a visualized sound signal and an auditory conduction pathway.

[0038] Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal, which is used to implement the visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system.

[0039] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0040] First, the present invention is a composite model of the entire process of sound signals and auditory conduction pathways, which replicates the entire process from sound waves entering the external ear to the brain perceiving hearing; the eardrum and ossicular chain can vibrate dynamically, which is close to the actual human body; the various sections and nerve fibers of the auditory conduction pathway are displayed by multi-color lighting circuits, which are dynamically visualized, intuitive and clear; the APP program is combined with the physical switch, which is easy to operate and increases the fun of the model; the design is ingenious, reasonable and feasible, and worthy of promotion.

[0041] 1. Challenges in teaching and researching the auditory system

[0042] Technical issues: Traditional auditory system teaching and research mainly rely on static models and diagrams, which cannot dynamically display the sound signal and its transmission process in the auditory conduction pathway. This limits learners' understanding of the complex auditory system and researchers' intuitive perception of the auditory process.

[0043] Technological progress: The present invention provides a visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system. Through the combination of the sound signal conduction module and the auditory signal conduction module, the whole process of the sound signal from the outer ear to the sensory center of the brain is dynamically displayed. The system can simulate the processes of sound wave transmission, eardrum vibration, ossicular chain vibration, and vibration in the cochlea, and intuitively present the transmission process of the auditory signal through the cochlear ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus nucleus, and medial geniculate body. This dynamic model greatly improves the intuitiveness and comprehension of teaching and research.

[0044] 2. Difficulties in hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation

[0045] Technical issues: During hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation, it is difficult for patients to understand the location and extent of their hearing damage, and traditional hearing diagnostic equipment is also difficult to intuitively display the status and changes of the auditory conduction pathway.

[0046] Technological progress: The dynamic model system of the present invention can be used for hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation. By visually displaying the transmission process of sound signals in the auditory conduction pathway, patients can clearly understand the location and extent of their hearing damage. Doctors can formulate more accurate diagnosis and rehabilitation plans based on the intuitive information provided by the model system, significantly improving the accuracy of diagnosis and rehabilitation effects.

[0047] 3. Technical barriers in auditory research

[0048] Technical issues: Auditory research requires accurate simulation and observation of the conduction process of sound signals in the auditory pathway, but existing research tools often fail to provide dynamic and accurate simulations, which affects the depth and breadth of the research.

[0049] Technological progress: The visual dynamic model system of the present invention provides a high-precision research tool for auditory research by simulating the sound wave conduction and auditory signal conduction process in detail. Researchers can use the system to conduct experimental simulations, data analysis and result presentation, which comprehensively improves the accuracy and efficiency of research and promotes the development of auditory science research.

[0050] Second, as auxiliary evidence of the inventiveness of the claims of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0051] (1) The expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of the present invention after transformation are:

[0052] This product can have good after-sales benefits after technology transformation. Provide services to customers who need ear models or sound wave and auditory conduction pathway models in medical schools, hospitals, medical institutions, scientific research institutes, etc., provide better teaching models for students in medical schools, bring better teaching experience, and facilitate their study of ear anatomy; at the same time, it can enter the market and be used for popular science of ear knowledge. There is a QR code under the model. In addition to observing the electric model, users can also scan the QR code to learn. The QR code page contains ear-related popular science videos, which play a role in popularizing science to the general public; it is beneficial for patients to understand their own ear diseases.

[0053] (2) The technical solution of the present invention fills the technical gap in the industry at home and abroad:

[0054] The present invention fills the technical gap of the current market lacking ear dynamic models and auditory conduction pathway models. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1It is a structural block diagram of a visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of a visual sound signal and a dynamic model system of an auditory conduction pathway provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the acoustic signal and auditory conduction pathway model provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] In the figure: 1. Acoustic signal transmission module; 2. Auditory signal transmission module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0060] Example 1: Auditory system teaching application

[0061] Application: Teachers use the visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system of the present invention to dynamically demonstrate the whole process of sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum, ossicular chain, cochlea, and finally to the auditory area of ​​the brain in the classroom. By observing the dynamic model, students can more intuitively understand the conduction process of sound signals, which improves learning effect and interest.

[0062] Effect: The dynamic display greatly enhances students' understanding of the auditory system, makes abstract theoretical knowledge concrete and tangible, and significantly improves the teaching quality.

[0063] Example 2: Hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation application

[0064] Background: In audiology diagnosis and rehabilitation centers, patients often find it difficult to understand their hearing problems, which affects their cooperation and effectiveness in treatment.

[0065] Application: Doctors use the dynamic model system of the present invention to intuitively show patients the problem areas in their auditory pathways. For example, by showing abnormal conduction in the tympanic membrane, cochlea, cochlear ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, etc., it helps patients understand the specific location and impact of hearing damage. Based on the model display, doctors develop personalized rehabilitation plans and adjust treatment plans in real time.

[0066] Effect: Patients have a clearer understanding of their hearing problems, their enthusiasm for cooperating with treatment has been significantly improved, and the rehabilitation effect has been significantly enhanced. Doctors can also provide more accurate treatment through intuitive display and feedback, which improves the overall diagnosis and treatment level.

[0067] In summary, the present invention solves many technical problems in the prior art through innovative technical solutions, achieves significant technical progress in auditory system teaching, hearing diagnosis and rehabilitation, and auditory research, and has important industrial application value.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, a visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: a sound signal conduction module 1; an auditory signal conduction module 2;

[0069] The acoustic signal transmission module 1 is connected to the auditory signal transmission module 2, and is used to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates, which drives the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causes the perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea to vibrate through the vestibular window membrane;

[0070] The basic structure of the acoustic signal conduction module 1 is a five-fold magnified model of the existing normal human anatomical structure.

[0071] In the acoustic signal transmission module 1, the sound waves are transmitted to the eardrum through the external auditory canal. The LED light strip is embedded in the external auditory canal. The LED light flows and flashes, indicating that the signal is transmitted into the ear. The sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate. The eardrum is made of elastic material and is connected to the hammer. The two are connected to the rotating motor wheel through a thin wire. When the motor is turned on, the wheel rotates, and the eardrum and hammer begin to vibrate. Then the ossicular chain moves accordingly, indicating that the sound waves are converted into mechanical vibrations and amplified, and transmitted to the vestibular window (also known as the oval window) through the bottom of the stapes, causing the perilymph fluctuations in the vestibular scala. The perilymph fluctuations are transmitted to the endolymph through the vestibular membrane. The vibration of the endolymph stimulates the spiral organ on the basilar membrane, generating nerve impulses, and the nerve signals are transmitted to the cochlear nerve.

[0072] Auditory signal transmission module 2 is connected to acoustic signal transmission module 1 at the cochlea, and is used to generate auditory signals when vibration is transmitted into the cochlea. Auditory nerve signals pass through the cochlear nerve, and then pass through the cochlear ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body and other main structures, and finally reach the temporal transverse gyrus of the brain auditory center. The nerve fibers between different nerve nuclei in the model are of different colors, and the nerve fibers are illuminated by LED light strips, and the nuclei are also colored to intuitively distinguish the anatomical structures.

[0073] The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system provided by the present invention intuitively demonstrates the whole process of transmission and processing of sound waves in the auditory system after entering the external auditory canal through a highly simulated physical model. First, the sound signal conduction module 1 simulates the process of sound waves being transmitted to the eardrum through the external auditory canal. The LED light strip in the external auditory canal indicates the conduction of sound waves. When the sound waves reach the eardrum, the eardrum begins to vibrate. The eardrum is made of elastic material, connected to the malleus, and connected to the runner of the rotary motor through a thin wire. After the motor is started, the eardrum and the malleus are driven to vibrate, which further causes the ossicular chain to start moving, converting the sound waves into mechanical vibrations, amplifying and transmitting them to the vestibular window, causing fluctuations in the perilymph.

[0074] Next, the mechanical vibration is transmitted to the perilymph of the cochlea through the vestibular window, causing the perilymph to fluctuate. The fluctuation is transmitted to the endolymph through the vestibular membrane, causing the endolymph to vibrate. At this time, the vibration of the endolymph stimulates the spiral organ on the basilar membrane of the cochlea, which in turn generates nerve impulses at this site. The spiral organ converts the sound wave signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the cochlear nerve connected to it. The model in this part amplifies the conduction process in the cochlea to ensure that the process of how vibration is converted into nerve signals can be clearly demonstrated.

[0075] Subsequently, the auditory signal transmission module 2 starts working, and the nerve impulse is transmitted to the cochlear ganglion through the cochlear nerve, and passes through the ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus and other structures along the nerve fibers. The conduction path between each nuclear structure is distinguished by light-emitting LED strips of different colors, which clearly show the transmission path of the nerve signal. The different colors of nerve fibers further help to distinguish the transmission process of signals in different anatomical structures. At the same time, each nuclear body is added with a color label to help users intuitively understand the anatomical structure of each conduction link.

[0076] Finally, the auditory signal is transmitted to the medial geniculate body through the inferior colliculus and finally reaches the auditory center of the brain, the transverse temporal gyrus. The signal processing at this stage shows how the sound signal is finally decoded into auditory information in the brain. Through this visualization model, we can not only vividly understand the entire path of auditory signals from physical vibration to nerve impulses and then to the auditory center, but also intuitively show the signal conduction process between neurons and nerve fibers at all levels.

[0077] like Figure 2 As shown, a method for visualizing acoustic signals and a dynamic model system of an auditory conduction pathway provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0078] S101, a sound signal transmission module is used to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum, and the eardrum vibrates, driving the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causing the perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea to vibrate through the vestibular window membrane;

[0079] S102, through the auditory signal transmission module, when the vibration is transmitted to the cochlea, the cochlea will generate an auditory signal, which will pass through the four ganglia, the cochlear ganglion, the ventral cochlear nucleus, the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body, and finally reach the auditory area of ​​the brain. The interganglionic nerve fibers are luminous LED light strips, and the outer skin of the light strips is consistent with the color of the light it emits.

[0080] The present invention is specifically implemented:

[0081] 1. Acoustic signals and auditory conduction pathways Figure 3 .

[0082] 2. The vibration transmission of sound signals of eardrum and ossicular chain is provided by rotating motor and external battery, simulating the real sound wave transmission.

[0083] Adjustable frequency rotary motor.

[0084] The transmission of external auditory canal sound signals is simulated by LED light strips, and the flashing frequency can be specifically adjusted; it is controlled by APP, with multiple modes and colors to choose from;

[0085] 3. Auditory conduction pathway model;

[0086] Different color pathways: different pathways have different colors of rubber tubes, which makes the nerves more visible;

[0087] Central column: transparent, thin central column, stable model;

[0088] Stereoscopic 3D model: 360° stereoscopic anatomical structure.

[0089] Anatomical models have many uses, mainly including the following aspects:

[0090] 1. Medical education: For medical students and medical professionals, anatomical models are important learning tools. They can intuitively display the structure of the human body, the location, shape and relationship of organs, help learners better understand anatomical knowledge, and lay the foundation for clinical practice.

[0091] 2. Teaching demonstration: In classroom teaching, teachers can use anatomical models to clearly show students the complex anatomical structure, enhance the teaching effect, and make it easier for students to understand and remember.

[0092] 3. Popular science propaganda: When popularizing medical knowledge and health common sense to the public, anatomical models can allow people to understand the internal structure and physiological functions of the human body more intuitively. Combined with QR code explanations, it can improve the public's health awareness and medical knowledge level.

[0093] 4. Clinical training: For doctors who are about to perform surgery or operations, anatomical models can be used for preoperative simulation and training to familiarize themselves with surgical steps and anatomical levels and reduce surgical risks.

[0094] 5. Medical equipment research and development: When developing new medical devices and equipment, refer to anatomical models to ensure that they conform to the anatomical structure and physiological characteristics of the human body, thereby improving the safety and effectiveness of the products.

[0095] 6. Medical research: Researchers can use anatomical models to conceive and design experiments, verify research hypotheses, simulate surgical operations, etc.

[0096] The vibration transmission of the acoustic signal between the eardrum and the ossicular chain in the embodiment of the present invention uses a rotary motor and an external battery to provide a vibration source, so as to simulate the vibration process of a real eardrum.

[0097] The eardrum vibration is caused by a frequency-adjustable rotary motor. The eardrum is connected to the malleus. The rotary motor wheel is connected to the connection between the eardrum and the malleus through a thin wire. The circuit where the motor is located, including batteries, wires, and the wheel, is located in the ear model. Only the thin wire of the wheel is exposed. The thin wire is connected to the eardrum through a fixed pulley. Each time the motor wheel rotates one circle, the eardrum and the malleus are driven to vibrate back and forth once, and the ossicular chain (malleus, incus, and stapes) is driven to vibrate, which in turn causes the vestibular window to vibrate, causing the perilymph and endolymph with blue and red granules, respectively, to flow in the cochlea. At the same time, the LED light strip simulates the conduction of sound signals in the external auditory canal. The LED light strip is embedded in the external auditory canal. The flashing frequency of the LED light is adjusted according to the external sound through the microphone of the mobile phone APP. The flashing frequency can be adjusted according to the live sound received by the microphone of the mobile phone, the melody of the custom song played by the mobile phone, etc., to simulate the conduction of real signals; the cochlea is a transparent cochlear shape, containing three pipes to represent the vestibular scala, tympanic scala, and cochlear duct. The pipes contain colored granular liquid, and the particles can be evenly mixed in the liquid to more intuitively reflect the flow of lymph. For the cochlea, the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth in the model are both transparent materials. The perilymph in the tympanic scala and vestibular scala in the membranous labyrinth is a blue granular liquid, and the endolymph in the cochlear duct is a red granular liquid. The head end of the membranous labyrinth is the oval window, which is attached with a transparent elastic membrane. The perilymph containing blue granules and the endolymph containing red granules flow in the vestibular scala, tympanic scala, and cochlear duct respectively. The end of the cochlear duct is the cochlear window, which contains an elastic membrane. The elastic membrane is a transparent elastic material. It can provide a certain surging space for the lymph when it surges and maintain the constant internal and external air pressure.

[0098] The eardrum and three ossicles in this module are modeled with reference to the real human anatomy. The eardrum is translucent, oval, and very thin, about 9mm high, 8mm wide, and only 0.1mm thick. The model is enlarged 5 times in proportion, that is, about 45mm high, 40mm wide, and 0.5mm thick. The material is translucent and slightly elastic silicone. The three ossicles are also made of the above material. When the hammer vibrates, it can ensure that the ossicular chain produces a lever effect and knocks on the vestibular window. The model is enlarged five times in proportion to the human ossicles for modeling. The ossicular chain uses the superior ligament of the hammer, the anterior ligament of the hammer, the lateral ligament of the hammer, the superior ligament of the incus, the posterior ligament of the viscus, and the stapes annular ligament to fix the corresponding ossicles in the tympanic cavity. The connecting ligaments are made of elastic silicone fibers, and the contact points between the stapes and the vestibular window are aligned.

[0099] The inner ear can be divided into the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth. The two are similar in shape, and the membranous labyrinth is inside the bony labyrinth. The bony labyrinth is composed of dense bone and is divided into three parts: the cochlea, the vestibule, and the bony semicircular canals. They are arranged from front to back along the long axis of the petrous temporal bone. They are interconnected and have a length of about 18.6-20 mm. The bony labyrinth model is made of transparent acrylic material, and the model is about 100 mm long. The membranous labyrinth is made of elastic transparent light green plastic or latex. The endolymph in the membranous labyrinth is replaced by a transparent oily liquid mixed with red particles, and the perilymph between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth is replaced by a transparent oily liquid mixed with blue particles. The density of the particles is equal to that of the oil and can be mixed in it. The details are as follows:

[0100] The bony semicircular canals are three semicircular canals arranged perpendicularly to each other. There are membranous semicircular canals inside them. There is perilymph between the bony semicircular canals and endolymph inside the membranous semicircular canals. The anterior bony semicircular canal is arched upwards and buried in the deep surface of the arched protuberance of the petrous part of the temporal bone. It is perpendicular to the long axis of the petrous part of the temporal bone and is 15-20mm long. The front end of the anterior bony semicircular canal is the ampulla, which opens in the upper and outer part of the vestibule; the rear end and the upper end of the posterior semicircular canal form a common crus, which is about 4mm long and opens in the inner part of the vestibule. The lateral bony semicircular canal is 12-15mm long, arches outwards, and is horizontal when the head is tilted forward at an angle of 30°. It is the shortest of the three semicircular canals. The posterior bony semicircular canal is 18-22mm long, arches posteriorly and outwards, and is the longest of the three semicircular canals. It is parallel to the long axis of the petrous part of the temporal bone. Each bony semicircular canal has two bone crus connected to the vestibule. Because the single bone crus of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals are combined into a total bone crus, the three bone semicircular canals have a total of five openings connected to the vestibule. In this part model, the bone semicircular canals are made of transparent hard plastic or acrylic material, and the membrane semicircular canals are made of elastic light green plastic or silicone material, and are filled with blue granular liquid as perilymph and red granular liquid as endolymph, and the angles of the three semicircular canals of humans are proportionally enlarged five times, that is, the anterior bone semicircular canal is 75-100mm long, the outer bone semicircular canal is 60-75mm long, and the posterior bone semicircular canal is 90-110mm long. According to the above human anatomical structure, the model is made and the real anatomical structure is enlarged five times.

[0101] The vestibule is located between the cochlea and the semicircular canals. It is an elliptical cavity about 5mm long, which accommodates the utricle and the saccule. The anterior and inferior part is connected to the vestibular scala of the cochlea through the elliptical foramen; the posterior and superior part is wider, with 5 small holes for the bony semicircular canals. The lateral wall of the vestibule is the medial wall of the tympanic cavity, with the vestibular window (oval window) and the cochlear window (round window). The medial wall of the vestibule is the floor of the internal auditory canal, through which the vestibular cochlear nerve passes. On the medial wall, there is the vestibular ridge from front to back. There is the utricle recess in the posterior and superior part of the vestibular ridge, and there is the saccule recess in the anterior and inferior part of the vestibular ridge, which accommodate the utricle and the saccule respectively. The lower part of the vestibular ridge is divided, and there is a small concave surface in the bifurcation, which is the cochlear recess, which accommodates the vestibular end of the cochlear duct. In front of the opening of the utricle recess near the common bone crus, there is the inner opening of the vestibular aqueduct, which leads to the outer opening of the vestibular aqueduct in the posterior and inferior part to the posterior and lateral part of the internal auditory meatus. The model here continues the semicircular canal material and is also proportionally enlarged five times, that is, the overall length is about 25mm. The utricle and saccule continue the membranous semicircular canal material and are filled with endolymph mixed with red particles.

[0102] The cochlea is located in front of the vestibule, with the cochlear base as the center. The human cochlea is about 5mm high and 9mm wide. The cochlea is composed of the modiolus and the cochlear spiral tube. The modiolus is the central bone from the cochlear apex to the cochlear base, which is conical in shape. The bony spiral plate extends from the modiolus. The base of the bony spiral plate has the modiolus spiral tube, which contains the cochlear ganglion. The spiral tube is a bone tube surrounded by compact bone, which coils around the modiolus for 2.5 to 2.75 times and is about 30mm long. The bottom of the lumen is larger and leads to the vestibule. The lumen towards the cochlear apex gradually becomes smaller and ends at the cochlear apex with a blind end. The free edge of the bony spiral plate is connected to an elastic fibrous membrane, called the basement membrane, which extends to the opposite side wall of the bone tube and connects with the spiral ligament. The bony tube of the cochlea is divided into two parts, the upper part is called the vestibular scala and the lower part is called the tympanic scala. The two tubes are filled with perilymph. One end of the vestibular scala is the vestibular window, and the other end of the tympanic scala is the cochlear window. The two parts are connected at the cochlear aperture at the cochlear apex. There is a thin membrane near the bottom of the bony spiral plate, called the vestibular membrane. The vestibular membrane, the basilar membrane and a part of the spiral ligament form a membranous cochlear duct filled with endolymph. The round window and oval window of the cochlea are covered with a membrane. The former moves in the opposite direction of the latter, allowing the fluid in the cochlea to vibrate as sound waves are transmitted.

[0103] For the cochlea, it is about 25mm high and 45mm wide. The modiolus in the model is made of milky white acrylic material, and imitates the trabeculae; the modiolus spiral tube is made of transparent acrylic material, and the vestibular membrane, basilar membrane and part of the spiral ligament that make up the cochlear tube are made of light green slightly elastic plastic material. The perilymph in the vestibular and tympanic scala continues to be mixed with blue granular liquid, and the endolymph in the cochlear duct is made of red granular liquid. The covering membrane on the round window and oval window is made of transparent and elastic plastic. The model is made according to the normal human anatomical structure, which is enlarged five times as a whole.

[0104] Auditory signal conduction module: In the auditory conduction pathway, all auditory nerve information encoded by the cochlea passes through the cochlear ganglion. The cochlear ganglion contains the first neuron cell body, which is located in the modiolus of the cochlea. In the model, it is dark blue, ellipsoidal, and has a diameter of about 3 mm. It can be observed through the transparent structure of the cochlea. The cochlear nerve in the model is blue and has a diameter of about 2 mm. The nerve signal is projected upward along the cochlear nerve to the ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus. The ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus are blue, similar to bean sprouts or triangles, and protrude slightly above the pons plane by 0.5 cm. The cochlear nerve is emitted from the cochlea and is a blue fiber.

[0105] The second-order neurons are located in the ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus (both are brown), and the fibers emitted by them are mainly black. They mainly form trapezoid bodies in the pons and cross to the opposite side. Most of them continue to ascend after exchanging neurons in the superior olivary nucleus to form the lateral lemniscus. In the model, the superior olivary nucleus is a green protruding nucleus with a depression in the middle and bulging at both ends; some fibers ascend directly without crossing and enter the ipsilateral lateral lemniscus; a small number of fibers of the lateral lemniscus directly terminate at the medial geniculate body; the fibers of the lateral lemniscus are mainly green. The superior olivary nucleus is located in the pons and mainly receives projections from the contralateral ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus, and a small part of them comes from the ipsilateral ventral cochlear nucleus and dorsal cochlear nucleus, and mainly sends ascending afferent nerve fibers to the ipsilateral side. The lateral lemniscus is located on the lateral side of the brainstem and is mainly an ascending auditory pathway. The afferent nerves it sends terminate in the ipsilateral inferior colliculus, and a few terminate in the contralateral inferior colliculus.

[0106] The third-order neurons are located in the inferior colliculus nucleus. Most of the afferent fibers emitted from the inferior colliculus nucleus terminate at the ipsilateral medial geniculate body through the inferior colliculus arm, and a small part terminates at the ipsilateral posterior thalamic nucleus and the contralateral inferior colliculus nucleus. The inferior colliculus nucleus is located on the dorsal side of the midbrain, is brown in color, and is shaped like an ellipsoid. The nerve fibers emitted by the third-order neurons are mainly brown in color.

[0107] The cell body of the fourth-order neuron is in the medial geniculate body, which sends out fibers that form the auditory radiation, pass through the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and end in the transverse temporal gyrus of the cerebral cortex; the medial geniculate body is located on the ventral side of the brain, is roughly spherical, and dark brown; the fibers sent out by the medial geniculate body are yellow-brown.

[0108] The three plate-like structures in the auditory signal conduction pathway model are the pons, midbrain, and cerebrum from bottom to top.

[0109] The length-Max ratio of the cross-section of the three plate-like structures is about 31:21:28, and the main color is dark yellow. The lengths (left and right) of the three in the model are about 31cm, 21cm, and 28cm, respectively; the widths (front and back) are about 21cm, 15cm, and 18cm, respectively. The thickness is about 2cm. There is a lateral lemniscus nucleus between the pons and the midbrain, which is spherical with a diameter of about 8cm and is located on the nerve fibers between the superior olivary nucleus and the inferior colliculus nucleus. The distance between the cerebrum and the midbrain plate-like structure is about 15cm, the distance between the midbrain plate and the lateral lemniscus nucleus is about 10cm, the distance between the lateral lemniscus nucleus and the pons is about 15cm, and the distance between the pons and the base of the model is about 10cm. In the cross-sectional protrusion structure, the superior olivary nucleus protrudes about 1cm, and the highest point of the ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus nucleus, and medial geniculate nucleus protrudes about 0.5cm from the plane.

[0110] Each nerve fiber in the auditory conduction pathway connects the corresponding nuclei at both ends. The length of each fiber is determined by the distance between the two nuclei at both ends, which can be referred to the spacing of the plate-like structure mentioned above.

[0111] The bottom of the model is the base, which is prism-shaped, with an upper section of 30cm×20cm, a lower section of 30cm×40cm, a height of 10cm, and a right-angled trapezoid on the side. There is a control button on the front of the base, which can turn on the main power switch of the model, and further turn on the rotary motor, the flowing light in the external auditory canal, and the light strip switch of the auditory nerve fiber. There is a QR code on the lower left position of the front of the base. Users can scan the QR code to learn about the relevant structures and functions of ear anatomy, popular science knowledge of ear-related diseases, knowledge of ear health care, and product information of this model. Each plate-like structure, lateral lemniscus nucleus, and base are connected by transparent thin columns; the model material is made of plastic, gypsum powder, and colored materials.

[0112] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual acoustic signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system, characterized in that: include: Acoustic signal transmission module; Auditory signal transmission module; The acoustic signal transmission module is connected to the auditory signal transmission module and is used to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum. The eardrum vibrates, causing the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causes vibrations in the cochlea. The auditory signal conduction module is connected to the sound signal conduction module. When the vibration is transmitted to the cochlea, the cochlea generates an auditory signal, which passes through four ganglia: the cochlear ganglion, the ventral cochlear nucleus, the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body, and finally reaches the sensory center of the brain.

2. The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration transmission of the eardrum and ossicular chain sound signals is provided by a rotary motor and an external battery to simulate the transmission of real sound waves.

3. The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission of sound signals in the external auditory canal and cochlea is simulated by LED light strips, and the flashing frequency is specifically adjusted. The cochlea is a transparent snail, and contains three tubes to represent the vestibular scala, tympanic scala, and cochlear duct. The tubes contain granular liquid to reflect the vibration of lymph fluid.

4. The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eardrum in the acoustic signal conduction module is made of elastic material and is connected to a motor via a thin wire. The motor drives the eardrum to vibrate to simulate the conduction process of sound waves. An LED light strip is arranged in the external auditory canal to illustrate the conduction process of sound wave signals. The LED light strip lights up when sound waves are transmitted.

5. The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The neural conduction pathways in the auditory signal conduction module are distinguished by light-emitting LED strips of different colors, and the cochlear ganglion, ventral cochlear nucleus, dorsal cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus nucleus and medial geniculate body are also marked with colors to distinguish the various anatomical structures.

6. The visual sound signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration of the perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea is simulated through dynamic demonstration to show the conduction process of the perilymph and endolymph. The flow of the endolymph is used to stimulate the spiral organ on the basilar membrane to generate neural signals.

7. A method for implementing the visualized acoustic signal and auditory conduction pathway dynamic model system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, using an acoustic signal conduction module to transmit sound waves from the external auditory canal to the eardrum, causing the eardrum to vibrate, causing the ossicular chain to vibrate, and then causing the perilymph and endolymph in the cochlea to vibrate through the vestibular window membrane; Step 2, through the auditory signal conduction module, when the vibration is transmitted to the cochlea, the cochlea will generate an auditory signal, which will pass through the four ganglia of the cochlear ganglion, the ventral cochlear nucleus, the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the inferior colliculus, and the medial geniculate body, and finally reach the sensory center of the brain.

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