Low-power fuel cell system and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-power fuel cell system and application, and the system comprises a controller which comprises a voltage stabilization module used for inputting or outputting rated voltage; the hydrogen fuel cell system is connected with the controller and is used for inputting the generated electricity into the controller; the hydrogen cylinder is connected with the hydrogen fuel cell system and is used for providing a hydrogen source for the hydrogen fuel cell system; the storage battery is connected with the controller and used for storing the electricity output by the controller or inputting the stored electricity into the controller; an intake valve; and an exhaust valve. In actual use, the gas inlet valve connected with the controller can be adopted to control the connection and disconnection of the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen fuel cell system. Exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell system may be controlled using an exhaust valve coupled to the controller. The storage battery and the hydrogen fuel cell system are connected into the controller in parallel, so that electricity generated by the whole hydrogen fuel cell system can be buffered through the storage battery, and higher power output is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of hydrogen energy utilization, and in particular to a low-power fuel cell system and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into DC power directly through electrochemical reactions without combustion. Its working principle is to convert the chemical energy of substances into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, and the substances required for the chemical reactions of fuel cells are continuously replenished from the outside. As long as the fuel is supplied, it can continuously output electrical energy and heat energy. However, it takes a certain amount of time to start a fuel cell, which means that when using fuel cells in practice, they often require other supporting equipment to form a system together to give full play to the performance of the fuel cell and achieve the best use experience of the fuel cell. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-power fuel cell system and application, and the specific technical solution is as follows: A low-power fuel cell system comprises: a controller, the controller comprising a voltage stabilizing module for inputting or outputting a rated voltage; a hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system being connected to the controller for inputting the generated electricity into the controller; a hydrogen cylinder, the hydrogen cylinder being connected to the hydrogen fuel cell system for providing a hydrogen gas source for the hydrogen fuel cell system; a battery, the battery being connected to the controller for storing the electricity output by the controller or inputting the stored electricity into the controller; an intake valve, located between the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen fuel cell system; an exhaust valve, connected to the hydrogen fuel cell system; the intake valve and the exhaust valve respectively comprise: a connecting plate; a steering gear, fixedly connected to the connecting plate; a cam, connected to the rotating output shaft of the steering gear; a valve body, fixedly connected to the connecting plate; an axis core, one end of which is connected to a spring, the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the valve body, the spring is located in the valve body, and the other end of the axis core extends out of the valve body and abuts against the cam.

[0004] Optionally, the other end of the shaft core abuts against the top surface of the cam, and the top surface of the cam is a sloped structure; the connecting plate is straight, and the valve body and the servo are both located on the same surface of the connecting plate.

[0005] Optionally, the other end of the shaft core abuts against the side of the cam, and the side of the cam is egg-shaped; the connecting plate is L-shaped, and the valve body and the servo are both located on the inner side or the outer side of the connecting plate.

[0006] Optionally, the hydrogen fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell, the exhaust valve is connected to the fuel cell, and the intake valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the fuel cell; a cooling assembly, the cooling assembly is connected to the fuel cell and used to control the temperature of the fuel cell, the cooling assembly is connected to the controller, and the controller provides a rated voltage for the cooling assembly; a blower, the blower is connected to the fuel cell and used to provide an oxygen gas source for the fuel cell; the blower is connected to the controller, and the controller provides a rated voltage for the blower; a temperature sensing module, the temperature sensing module is connected to the fuel cell and used to transmit the temperature data of the fuel cell back to the controller as a logical basis for controlling the specific speed of the fan; a humidity sensing module is arranged on the inner wall of the fuel cell, and the humidity sensing module is connected to the controller signal.

[0007] Optionally, the cooling component includes: a circulation pipeline, the circulation pipeline is externally connected to the fuel cell, the circulation pipeline is connected to the coolant flow field of the fuel cell, the circulation pipeline is arranged around the hydrogen storage bottle, the circulation pipeline is arranged around the hydrogen storage bottle, the circulation pipeline is composited with 30~40 wt% beryllium copper alloy, 20~30 wt% graphene and 30~50 wt% epoxy resin; a water pump, the water pump is connected to the controller, the controller provides the rated voltage to the water pump, and the water pump is used to provide power for the circulation pipeline; a water cooling radiator, the water cooling radiator is connected to the circulation pipeline for expanding the heat dissipation area; a fan, the fan is connected to the controller, the controller provides the rated voltage to the fan, and the controller controls the fan speed through PWM.

[0008] Optionally, in the fuel cell, the control logic of humidity and temperature is: RH%e≤45%, Te≤25℃, RH%up-RH%down≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.65, and the stack temperature control range is: 60℃~70℃; RH%e≤45%, Te≤25℃, RH%down-RH%up≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.05, and the stack temperature control range is: 60℃~70℃; RH%e>45%, Te≤25℃, RH %up-RH%down ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.85, the stack temperature control range is: 60℃~70℃; RH%e≤45%, Te>25℃, RH%up-RH%down ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.9, the stack temperature control range is: 50℃~60℃; RH%e>45%, Te>25℃, RH%down-RH%up ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.2, the stack temperature control range is: 50℃~60℃.

[0009] Optionally, the controller further includes a communication module, which is connected to the battery and is used to transmit data of the battery back to the controller.

[0010] Optionally, it also includes: an electricity user, which is connected to a controller, and the controller provides a rated voltage for the electricity user. When the electricity user consumes electricity, the battery inputs electricity to the controller, and when the electricity user does not consume electricity, the battery stores electricity output by the controller; a central control system, which is connected to a control panel, and is used to obtain data stored in the controller so that the hydrogen power system participates in the operation of the equipment as an integral component; an external power supply interface, which is connected to the controller and is used to input external electricity into the controller, and then the controller outputs the electricity to the battery for storage.

[0011] Optionally, the opening logic of the exhaust valve is: every 30 minutes, P max / P min ≥20%, closing time: t=23-P max / P min *20 s, deflation time: 0.01~0.03 ms; every 30 min, P max / P min <20%, ​​closing time: t=55-P max / P min *20 s, deflation time: 0.03~0.05 ms.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an application of the above-mentioned low-power fuel cell system in a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle.

[0013] Hydrogen-powered electric bicycles using this system will have significant improvements in battery life, heat dissipation and durability.

[0014] The above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: by connecting the battery and the hydrogen fuel cell system in parallel to the controller, the electricity generated by the entire hydrogen fuel cell system can be buffered by the battery, thereby achieving a greater power output. That is, when the power required by the electric vehicle exceeds the power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell system, it can be supplemented by the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the case where the lowest point of the top surface of the cam of the exhaust valve and the intake valve abuts against the other end of the shaft core in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the case where the highest point of the top surface of the cam of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention abuts against the other end of the shaft core; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cam and steering gear of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the valve body of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the case where the most outward point of the side surface of the cam of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in embodiment 2 of the present invention abuts against the other end of the shaft core; Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the case where the innermost point of the side surface of the cam of the exhaust valve and the intake valve abuts against the other end of the shaft core in Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cam and steering gear of the exhaust valve and the intake valve in Example 2 of the present invention; Among them: 1-controller, 11-temperature sensing module, 12-communication module, 13-external power interface, 14-humidity sensing module, 2-fuel cell, 21-blower, 22-water pump, 23-water cooling radiator, 24-fan, 25-exhaust valve, 26-circulation pipeline, 3-hydrogen cylinder, 31-intake valve, 4-battery, 5-central control system, 6-electricity user, 7-connecting plate, 71-valve body, 72-servo, 73-cam, 74-shaft core, 75-clamping part, 76-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, in the following description, the description of well-known structures and technologies is omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of the concept of the present invention. Example

[0017] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown: A low-power fuel cell 2 system comprises: a controller 1, the controller 1 comprises a voltage stabilizing module, used for inputting or outputting a rated voltage; a hydrogen fuel cell 2 system, the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system is connected to the controller 1, used for inputting the generated electricity into the controller 1; a hydrogen cylinder 3, the hydrogen cylinder 3 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system, used for providing a hydrogen gas source for the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system; a battery 4, the battery 4 is connected to the controller 1, used for storing the electricity output by the controller 1 or inputting the stored electricity into the controller 1; an intake valve 31, located Between the hydrogen bottle 3 and the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system; the exhaust valve 25 is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system; the intake valve 31 and the exhaust valve 25 are respectively comprised of: a connecting plate 7; a steering gear 72, fixedly connected to the connecting plate 7; a cam 73, connected to the rotating output shaft of the steering gear 72; a valve body 71, fixedly connected to the connecting plate 7; an axis core 74, one end of which is connected to a spring 76, the spring 76 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the valve body 71, the spring 76 is located in the valve body 71, and the other end of the axis core 74 extends out of the valve body 71 and abuts against the cam 73. In actual use, the intake valve 31 connected to the controller 1 can be used to control the on and off of the hydrogen bottle 3 and the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system. The exhaust valve 25 connected to the controller 1 can be used to control the exhaust of the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system. By connecting the battery 4 and the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system in parallel to the controller 1, the electricity generated by the entire hydrogen fuel cell 2 system can be buffered by the battery 4 to achieve greater power output. That is, when the power required by the electric vehicle exceeds the power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system, it can be supplemented by the battery 4.

[0018] The exhaust valve 25 and the intake valve 31 used in the present application are regulated by an automated device with a simple structure, which has the following advantages: 1. High control accuracy: The linkage design of the servo 72 and the cam 73 realizes the precise control of the position of the shaft core 74. When the cam 73 rotates, its top surface or side surface of different shapes contacts the shaft core 74, thereby changing the position of the shaft core 74, so that the spring 76 is in a state of compression or release to different degrees. This mechanical structure can finely adjust the fluid flow, ensuring the smoothness and accuracy of the control process.

[0019] 2. Reduce equipment costs: The present invention uses relatively simple mechanical parts to build the core control mechanism, reducing the reliance on expensive electronic components. At the same time, through reasonable design, the overall structure is compact, easy to produce and maintain, effectively reducing manufacturing costs and later operating costs.

[0020] 3. Enhance equipment reliability: The spring 76, as a buffer element, plays an important role in damping the interaction between the cam 73 and the shaft core 74, which helps to reduce mechanical wear and extend the service life of the valve. In addition, by providing the clamping part 75 to fix the steering gear 72, the stability of the entire device is increased, and the reliability and durability of the equipment are further improved.

[0021] 4. Easy to integrate and expand: The flow mechanical valve of the present invention is designed with a standard interface, which can be easily connected to other systems, supports remote control and data transmission functions, and is easy to realize automatic management and monitoring. At the same time, after adding a control unit, more complex functions can be realized through programming, such as timer switch, flow recording, etc., to meet the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0022] When the highest point of the top surface of the cam 73 abuts against the other end of the shaft core 74, the spring 76 is in a compressed state; when the lowest point of the top surface of the cam 73 abuts against the other end of the shaft core 74, the spring 76 is in a naturally straightened state; a clamping portion 75 is respectively provided on both sides of the servo 72, and a proton flow meter or sensor or other structure or equipment that can be used for flow detection can be provided on both sides of the servo 72 through the clamping portion 75, thereby improving the applicability of the present invention and enabling it to be used in different detection situations.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, the other end of the shaft core 74 abuts against the top surface of the cam 73 , and the top surface of the cam 73 is a sloped structure; the connecting plate 7 is straight, and the valve body 71 and the steering gear 72 are both located on the same surface of the connecting plate 7 .

[0024] In an optional embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system includes: a fuel cell 2, an exhaust valve 25 connected to the fuel cell 2, an intake valve 31 arranged between the hydrogen cylinder 3 and the fuel cell 2; a cooling assembly, the cooling assembly is connected to the fuel cell 2 and is used to control the temperature of the fuel cell 2, the cooling assembly is connected to the controller 1, and the controller 1 provides a rated voltage for the cooling assembly; a blower 21, the blower 21 is connected to the fuel cell 2 and is used to provide an oxygen gas source for the fuel cell 2; the blower 21 is connected to the controller 1, and the controller 1 provides a rated voltage for the blower 21, a temperature sensing module 11, the temperature sensing module 11 is connected to the fuel cell 2, and is used to transmit the temperature data of the fuel cell 2 back to the controller 1 as a logical basis for controlling the specific speed of the fan 24; a humidity sensing module 14, which is arranged on the inner wall of the fuel cell 2, and the humidity sensing module 14 is connected to the controller 1 signal.

[0025] In this embodiment, the model of the temperature sensing module 11 used is E52-IC AY, and other models of temperature sensing modules 11 may also be used. In this embodiment, the model of the humidity sensing module 14 used is HM1520, and other models of humidity sensors may also be selected.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the cooling component includes: a circulation pipeline 26, the circulation pipeline 26 is externally connected to the fuel cell 2, the circulation pipeline 26 is connected to the coolant flow field of the fuel cell 2, the circulation pipeline 26 is arranged around the hydrogen storage bottle, the circulation pipeline 26 is arranged around the hydrogen storage bottle, and the circulation pipeline 26 is composited with 30~40 wt% beryllium copper alloy, 20~30 wt% graphene and 30~50 wt% epoxy resin; a water pump 22, the water pump 22 is connected to the controller 1, the controller 1 provides the rated voltage for the water pump 22, and the water pump 22 is used to provide power for the circulation pipeline 26; a water cooling row 23, the water cooling row 23 is connected to the circulation pipeline 26, and is used to expand the heat dissipation area; a fan 24, the fan 24 is connected to the controller 1, the controller 1 provides the rated voltage for the fan 24, and the controller 1 controls the speed of the fan 24 through PWM.

[0027] In the present embodiment, the direction of water flow in the circulation pipeline 26 is pumped by the water pump 22 from the hydrogen storage bottle to flow from bottom to top to ensure the cooling effect and smooth flow channel; the chemical formula of the beryllium copper alloy used in the present embodiment is CuBe1.7, and the three materials in the above proportion are compounded to increase the thermal conductivity and durability of the circulation pipeline 26; in the present embodiment, a heat exchange jacket (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the outer wall of the circulation pipeline 26 to protect the circulation pipeline 26.

[0028] In an optional embodiment, in the fuel cell 2, the control logic of humidity and temperature is: RH%e≤45%, Te≤25°C, RH%up-RH%down≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.65, and the stack temperature control range is: 60°C~70°C; RH%e≤45%, Te≤25°C, RH%down-RH%up≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.05, and the stack temperature control range is: 60°C~70°C; RH%e>45%, Te≤25°C, RH%up-RH%down ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.85, the stack temperature control range is: 60℃~70℃; RH%e≤45%, Te>25℃, RH%up-RH%down ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.9, the stack temperature control range is: 50℃~60℃; RH%e>45%, Te>25℃, RH%down-RH%up ≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.2, the stack temperature control range is: 50℃~60℃.

[0029] In an optional embodiment, the controller 1 also includes a communication module 12, which is connected to the battery 4 and is used to transmit data from the battery 4 back to the controller 1; a central control system 5, which is connected to the control panel and is used to obtain data stored in the controller 1 so that the hydrogen power system participates in the operation of the equipment as an integral component; an external power interface 13, which is connected to the controller 1 and is used to input external electricity into the controller 1, and then the controller 1 outputs the electricity to the battery 4 for storage.

[0030] In this embodiment, the model of the communication module 12 used is 6ES7540-1AB00-0AA0, and other models of communication modules 12 may also be used.

[0031] In an optional embodiment, the opening logic of the exhaust valve 25 is: within every 30 minutes, Pmax / Pmin≥20%, closing time: t=23-Pmax / Pmin*20 s, deflation time: 0.01~0.03 ms; within every 30 minutes, Pmax / Pmin<20%, ​​closing time: t=55-Pmax / Pmin*20 s, deflation time: 0.03~0.05 ms. Example

[0032] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown: In the intake valve 31 and the exhaust valve 25, the other end of the shaft core 74 abuts against the side of the cam 73, and the side of the cam 73 is egg-shaped; the connecting plate 7 is L-shaped, and the valve body 71 and the steering gear 72 are both located on the inner side or the outer side of the connecting plate 7, and the remaining components and connection relationships are the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] It can be seen that the above technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: by connecting the battery 4 and the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system in parallel to the controller 1, the electricity generated by the entire hydrogen fuel cell 2 system can be buffered by the battery 4, thereby achieving a greater power output. That is, when the power required by the electric vehicle exceeds the power generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 2 system, the battery 4 can make up for it.

[0034] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-power fuel cell system, characterized in that: include: A controller, the controller comprising a voltage stabilizing module for inputting or outputting a rated voltage; a hydrogen fuel cell system, the hydrogen fuel cell system being connected to the controller and configured to input the generated electricity into the controller; A hydrogen cylinder, which is connected to the hydrogen fuel cell system and is used to provide a hydrogen gas source for the hydrogen fuel cell system; a storage battery, the storage battery being connected to the controller and being used to store electricity output by the controller or to input the stored electricity into the controller; An air intake valve, located between the hydrogen cylinder and the hydrogen fuel cell system; an exhaust valve connected to the hydrogen fuel cell system; The intake valve and the exhaust valve each include: a connecting plate; a servo fixedly connected to the connecting plate; a cam connected to the rotating output shaft of the servo; a valve body fixedly connected to the connecting plate; an axis core, one end of which is connected to a spring, the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the valve body, the spring is located in the valve body, and the other end of the axis core extends out of the valve body and abuts against the cam.

2. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the shaft core is in contact with the top surface of the cam, and the top surface of the cam is a sloped structure; the connecting plate is straight, and the valve body and the steering gear are both located on the same surface of the connecting plate.

3. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other end of the shaft core abuts against the side surface of the cam, and the side surface of the cam is egg-shaped; the connecting plate is L-shaped, and the valve body and the steering gear are both located on the inner side or the outer side of the connecting plate.

4. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen fuel cell system comprises: A fuel cell, wherein the exhaust valve is connected to the fuel cell, and the intake valve is arranged between the hydrogen cylinder and the fuel cell; A cooling assembly, the cooling assembly is connected to the fuel cell and is used to control the temperature of the fuel cell, the cooling assembly is connected to the controller, and the controller provides a rated voltage for the cooling assembly; A blower, the blower is connected to the fuel cell and is used to provide an oxygen source for the fuel cell; the blower is connected to the controller, and the controller provides a rated voltage for the blower; A temperature sensing module, the temperature sensing module is connected to the fuel cell and is used to transmit the temperature data of the fuel cell back to the controller as a logical basis for controlling the specific speed of the fan; The humidity sensing module is arranged on the inner wall of the fuel cell, and the humidity sensing module is connected to the controller signal.

5. The low-power fuel cell system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The cooling assembly comprises: A circulation pipeline, the circulation pipeline is externally connected to the fuel cell, the circulation pipeline is in communication with the coolant flow field of the fuel cell, and the circulation pipeline is arranged around the hydrogen storage bottle; A water pump, the water pump is connected to the controller, the controller provides a rated voltage for the water pump, and the water pump is used to provide power for the circulation pipeline; A water cooling radiator, the water cooling radiator is connected to the circulation pipeline and is used to expand the heat dissipation area; The fan is connected to the controller, the controller provides a rated voltage for the fan, and the controller controls the fan speed through PWM.

6. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the fuel cell, the control logic of humidity and temperature is: RH%e≤45%, Te≤25℃, RH%up-RH%down≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.65, stack temperature control range: 60℃~70℃; RH%e≤45%, Te≤25℃, RH%lower-RH%upper≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.05, stack temperature control range: 60℃~70℃; RH%e>45%, Te≤25℃, RH%up-RH%down≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.85, stack temperature control range: 60℃~70℃; RH%e≤45%, Te>25℃, RH%up-RH%down≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*0.9, stack temperature control range: 50℃~60℃; RH%e>45%, Te>25℃, RH%lower-RH%upper≥5%, PWM=Pcurrent / Prated*1.2, and the stack temperature control range is: 50℃~60℃.

7. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The controller further comprises a communication module, which is connected to the storage battery and is used for transmitting the data of the storage battery back to the controller.

8. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An electricity user, the electricity user is connected to the controller, the controller provides a rated voltage for the electricity user, when the electricity user consumes electricity, the storage battery inputs electricity to the controller, and when the electricity user does not consume electricity, the storage battery stores electricity output by the controller; A central control system, the central control system is connected to the control panel, and the central control system is used to obtain data stored in the controller so that the hydrogen power system participates in the operation of the equipment as an integral component; An external power supply interface is connected to the controller and is used to input external electricity into the controller, and then the controller outputs the electricity to the battery for storage.

9. The low-power fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening logic of the exhaust valve is: Every 30 minutes, P max / P min ≥20%, closing time: t=23-P max / P min *20 s, deflation time: 0.01~0.03 ms; Every 30 minutes, P max / P min <20%, ​​closing time: t=55-P max / P min *20 s, deflation time: 0.03~0.05 ms.

10. Use of the low-power fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a hydrogen-powered electric bicycle.

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