A full-season greenhouse film material and planting device

Abstract

This invention provides a seasonal greenhouse film and planting device, belonging to the field of greenhouse device technology. The film includes an overlapping infrared spectral selective layer, a hydrogel layer, and a heat insulation layer. The infrared spectral selective layer emits infrared radiation into the environment; its infrared emissivity is directly proportional to the ambient temperature, and its solar transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%. The hydrogel layer transmits sunlight; its solar transmittance is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and its infrared radiation transmittance is greater than or equal to 90%. The heat insulation layer insulates against heat; its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance are both greater than or equal to 90%. This invention, through the combined use of the infrared spectral selective layer, hydrogel layer, and heat insulation layer, achieves automatic temperature control inside the greenhouse. Simultaneously, the heat insulation layer isolates the greenhouse from the external environment, reducing energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of greenhouse equipment technology, specifically relating to a seasonal greenhouse film material and planting device. Background Technology

[0002] Greenhouse cultivation is an agricultural technique that uses artificially constructed transparent or semi-transparent structures to simulate the natural environment in order to control the growth conditions of plants.

[0003] Greenhouse cultivation typically requires long-term energy support, and solar energy is commonly used to achieve energy conservation. However, existing solar-powered greenhouse cultivation systems can only select and utilize solar energy during a specific time period or season, and cannot adapt to year-round seasonal changes, thus failing to achieve year-round energy conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a seasonal greenhouse film and planting device to solve the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] This application is implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a seasonal greenhouse film material, comprising an overlapping infrared spectral selective layer, a hydrogel layer, and a heat insulation layer; the infrared spectral selective layer is used to emit infrared radiation into the environment, the infrared radiation emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer is proportional to the ambient temperature, and the solar transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer is greater than or equal to 90%; the hydrogel layer is used to transmit sunlight, the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer is greater than or equal to 90%; the heat insulation layer is used to insulate heat, the solar transmittance of the heat insulation layer is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer is greater than or equal to 90%.

[0007] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a fully seasonal greenhouse planting device, including the greenhouse film material provided in the first aspect embodiment.

[0008] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0009] In this application, by combining an infrared spectral selective layer and a hydrogel layer, the membrane material can adaptively adjust its infrared emissivity and solar transmittance according to changes in ambient temperature, thereby regulating the temperature inside the greenhouse and reducing energy consumption. When the ambient temperature rises, the infrared emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer increases to enhance the infrared radiation cooling effect, while the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer decreases to reduce the absorption of solar energy inside the greenhouse. This allows the greenhouse to automatically cool down when the ambient temperature rises, reducing energy consumption. Conversely, when the ambient temperature falls, the infrared emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer decreases to reduce the infrared radiation cooling effect, while the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer increases to enhance the absorption of solar energy inside the greenhouse. This allows the greenhouse to raise or maintain its internal temperature when the ambient temperature falls.

[0010] In addition, this application also includes a heat insulation layer, which can isolate the heat transfer between the inside and outside of the greenhouse, reduce cooling energy loss when the ambient temperature is high, and reduce heating energy loss when the ambient temperature is low, further reducing the energy consumption of the greenhouse; and the heat insulation layer has high solar transmittance and high infrared radiation transmittance, ensuring that infrared radiation and sunlight can pass through the heat insulation layer smoothly. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the membrane material provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 5 ;

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0018] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0020] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0021] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0022] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0023] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogels provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 3 .

[0026] In the diagram: 100 - Infrared spectroscopy selective layer, 200 - Hydrogel layer, 300 - Thermal insulation layer, 400 - Protective layer, 500 - Protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following description provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various features of the invention. The elements and arrangements described in the specific examples below are only for concise expression of the invention and are merely examples, not intended to limit the invention.

[0028] This application provides a fully seasonal greenhouse film material, see reference. Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the membrane material is used to cover the outside of the greenhouse frame, isolating the inside and outside environments of the greenhouse. The membrane material includes an overlapping infrared spectral selective layer 100, a hydrogel layer 200, and a heat insulation layer 300.

[0029] The infrared spectral selective layer 100 emits infrared radiation into the environment, thereby reducing the temperature inside the greenhouse through radiative cooling. The higher the infrared emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer 100, the more infrared radiation it emits, and the better the infrared radiative cooling effect. Conversely, the lower the infrared emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer 100, the less infrared radiation it emits, and the worse the infrared radiative cooling effect.

[0030] Infrared emissivity is related to ambient temperature. Ambient temperature refers to the temperature of the environment in which the membrane material is located. Infrared emissivity is directly proportional to ambient temperature; the higher the ambient temperature, the higher the infrared emissivity and the better the infrared cooling effect; conversely, the lower the ambient temperature, the lower the infrared emissivity and the worse the infrared cooling effect.

[0031] The hydrogel layer 200 is used to transmit sunlight. Sunlight passes through the hydrogel layer 200 and enters the greenhouse, where it is absorbed. The hydrogel layer 200 has a high transmittance. The higher the transmittance, the more sunlight can pass through the hydrogel layer 200, the more solar energy the greenhouse can absorb, and the higher the greenhouse temperature. Conversely, the lower the transmittance, the less sunlight can pass through the hydrogel layer 200, the less solar energy the greenhouse can absorb, and the lower the greenhouse temperature.

[0032] The transmittance of sunlight is also related to the ambient temperature. The transmittance of sunlight is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the lower the transmittance of sunlight, and the lower the ambient temperature, the higher the transmittance of sunlight.

[0033] During hot seasons, as ambient temperatures rise, the infrared emissivity of the infrared selective layer 100 increases, while the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 decreases. The infrared selective layer 100 exhibits good radiative cooling, while the hydrogel layer 200 transmits less sunlight. Consequently, the greenhouse absorbs less solar energy, passively lowering the internal temperature compared to the ambient temperature, eliminating the need for additional cooling and reducing energy consumption.

[0034] During cold seasons, as the ambient temperature decreases, the infrared emissivity of the infrared selective layer 100 decreases, while the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 increases. The infrared selective layer 100 has poor radiative cooling effect, while the hydrogel layer 200 transmits more sunlight. Therefore, the greenhouse absorbs more solar energy, which, compared to the ambient temperature, can either raise or maintain the internal temperature of the greenhouse, preventing it from decreasing as the ambient temperature drops.

[0035] The infrared spectral selective layer 100 modulates its own infrared emissivity to adapt to changes in ambient temperature. The infrared transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 is inherent; to reduce the impact of the hydrogel layer 200 on the infrared radiation cooling effect, the infrared transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 needs to be greater than or equal to 90%. Similarly, the hydrogel layer 200 modulates its own solar transmittance to adapt to changes in ambient temperature. The solar transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer 100 is inherent; to reduce the impact of the infrared spectral selective layer 100 on sunlight, the solar transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer 100 needs to be greater than or equal to 90%.

[0036] The insulation layer 300 in this embodiment is used to insulate against heat. During use, the insulation layer 300 isolates the inside and outside of the greenhouse, preventing heat exchange between them and thus reducing the impact of high or low temperatures on the greenhouse's internal temperature. In hot seasons, the insulation layer 300 reduces cooling energy loss; in cold seasons, it reduces heating energy loss. The insulation layer 300 effectively reduces internal greenhouse temperature loss, saving energy required for greenhouse operation and lowering overall greenhouse energy consumption.

[0037] The infrared radiation transmittance and solar transmittance of the insulation layer 300 are inherent. To reduce the impact of the insulation layer 300 on the infrared radiation cooling effect and the amount of solar light transmitted, the solar transmittance of the insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%. While insulating heat, the insulation layer 300 avoids or reduces its impact on the infrared radiation cooling effect, avoids or reduces its impact on the sunlight transmitted through the membrane material, and reduces or avoids its impact on the temperature regulation inside the greenhouse.

[0038] The insulation layer 300 can improve the thermal resistance of the greenhouse film material. At the same time, it can also take into account the regulation of sunlight transmission by the hydrogel layer 200 and the regulation of infrared radiation by the infrared spectroscopy selective layer 100. The high thermal resistance of the insulation layer 300 can reduce the energy loss of the greenhouse due to environmental parasitic heat, reduce the temperature fluctuations in the greenhouse caused by the environment and climate, further ensure the relative stability of plant growth temperature, and improve the yield and quality of greenhouse plants.

[0039] If the solar transmittance of the insulation layer 300 is low, it will affect the regulation of solar transmission by the hydrogel layer 200. The greenhouse film will then be unable to adjust the amount of sunlight entering the greenhouse according to different climates and seasons, thus affecting the temperature regulation inside the greenhouse and potentially failing to meet the sunlight requirements for plant growth. Similarly, if the infrared radiation transmittance of the insulation layer 300 is low, it will affect the regulation of infrared radiation by the infrared spectral selective layer 100. The greenhouse film will then be unable to regulate heat loss inside the greenhouse according to different seasons, affecting the normal use of the greenhouse and causing energy waste.

[0040] It should be explained that solar transmittance mainly refers to the transmittance in the spectral range of 0.3μm to 2.5μm, while infrared radiation transmittance mainly refers to the transmittance in the spectral range of 8μm to 13μm.

[0041] In some specific embodiments, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 300 is greater than the thickness of the infrared spectral selective layer 100 and also greater than the thickness of the hydrogel layer 200. The thicker heat insulation layer 300 improves the heat insulation effect and reduces the energy consumption of the greenhouse; the infrared spectral selective layer 100 is made as thin as possible to reduce the overall thickness of the membrane material while ensuring its function.

[0042] The membrane material has two surfaces: the inner surface and the outer surface. During use, the surface closer to the inside of the greenhouse is the inner surface, and the surface closer to the outside is the outer surface. The positions of the hydrogel layer 200, the infrared-selective layer 100, and the insulation layer 300 within the membrane material can be arbitrarily varied, as shown in the reference. Figures 1 to 5 As shown.

[0043] Sunlight passes directly from the external environment through the membrane material into the greenhouse. The main factor affecting sunlight transmission is the solar transmittance of the membrane material. The solar transmittance of the membrane material can be calculated using the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200, the infrared spectral selective layer 100, and the heat insulation layer 300, and is not affected by their relative positions. The positions of these three elements can be flexibly set. It is important to note that the hydrogel layer 200 should not be placed on the outermost side of the membrane material, as this is closer to the external environment. Changes in the external environment can affect the structure of the hydrogel layer 200, causing moisture loss and structural damage. In some embodiments, if the hydrogel layer 200 needs to be placed on the outermost side of the membrane material, an additional protective structure is required to protect the hydrogel layer 200 and maintain its moisture content, thus preserving its structural integrity and enabling it to function properly.

[0044] The infrared selective layer 100 emits infrared radiation towards outer space, exchanging heat with outer space to achieve cooling. The infrared emissivity of the infrared selective layer 100 is related to the material itself. However, depending on the specific location of the infrared selective layer 100 in the membrane material, the infrared transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300 will affect the overall infrared radiation of the membrane material.

[0045] For example, if the infrared spectral selective layer 100 is located on the outermost side of the membrane material, reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared selective layer 100 does not pass through the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300, and the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300 do not affect the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared selective layer 100. If the infrared selective layer 100 is disposed close to the inner surface of the membrane material, the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared selective layer 100 needs to pass through the hydrogel layer 200 and / or the heat insulation layer 300, and the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300 will affect the overall infrared radiation of the membrane material.

[0046] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the infrared spectral selectivity layer 100 is disposed close to the inner surface of the insulation layer 300, with reference to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown. The infrared spectral selective layer 100 is disposed on the inner side, which can improve the radiative cooling effect of the infrared spectral selective layer 100.

[0047] The radiative cooling effect of the membrane material is achieved through infrared radiation emission from the infrared spectral selective layer 100. Therefore, radiative cooling directly dissipates heat from the infrared spectral selective layer 100, directly reducing its temperature, thereby indirectly changing the overall temperature and energy consumption inside the greenhouse.

[0048] Heat from inside the greenhouse is conducted to the infrared selective layer 100, where it is dissipated through radiation, thus lowering the temperature. By placing the infrared selective layer 100 on the inner side of the membrane material relative to the insulation layer 300, the resistance to heat conduction from inside the greenhouse to the infrared selective layer 100 is minimized. This results in a stronger heat dissipation effect from the infrared selective layer 100 and better radiative cooling. During hot seasons, this provides excellent temperature control within the greenhouse, further reducing the energy required for cooling and conserving energy.

[0049] If the infrared selective layer 100 is placed on the outside of the membrane material relative to the heat insulation layer 300, the heat insulation layer 300 has a high thermal resistance, which greatly hinders the heat conduction from the inside of the greenhouse to the infrared selective layer 100. This results in less heat being conducted from the inside of the greenhouse to the infrared selective layer 100, which in turn reduces the infrared radiation cooling effect of the infrared selective layer 100.

[0050] Therefore, even though the insulation layer 300 is located on the outside of the membrane material relative to the infrared selective layer 100, and the insulation layer 300 will block the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared selective layer 100, the infrared radiation can still pass through the insulation layer 300 smoothly because the infrared radiation transmittance of the insulation layer 300 is greater than or equal to 90%. Thus, the insulation layer 300 has little impact on the cooling effect of the infrared selective layer 100. At the same time, since the insulation layer 300 is located on the outside of the infrared selective layer 100, it will not affect the heat transfer between the greenhouse interior and the infrared selective layer 100, and can effectively improve the cooling effect of the infrared selective layer 100 on the greenhouse interior.

[0051] In some preferred embodiments of this application, the hydrogel layer 200 is disposed closer to the inner surface of the insulation layer 300. The hydrogel layer 200 is avoided from being disposed on the outermost side of the membrane material, see reference [reference needed]. Figures 1 to 4 As shown. More preferably, the hydrogel layer 200 is disposed close to the inner surface of the infrared spectroscopy selective layer 100, as referenced. Figure 1 As shown. Compared with the insulation layer 300, the hydrogel layer 200 has a smaller thermal resistance. Therefore, even though the hydrogel layer 200 is located inside the membrane material relative to the infrared spectral selective layer 100, the influence of the hydrogel layer 200 on the heat transfer between the greenhouse interior and the infrared spectral selective layer 100 is small, or even negligible. Furthermore, the hydrogel layer 200 is not in the propagation path of infrared radiation and will not affect the regulation of infrared radiation emissivity by the infrared spectral selective layer 100.

[0052] The heat insulation layer 300 needs to meet the requirements of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance. In some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation layer 300 is made of solar transmittance material and infrared transmittance material. Solar transmittance material refers to a material with high transmittance in the 0.3μm to 2.5μm wavelength range in air. The heat insulation layer 300 has low absorption and reflection of solar radiation in the 0.3μm to 2.5μm range of the solar spectrum. Infrared transmittance material refers to a material with high transmittance in the 8μm to 13μm wavelength range in air.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the heat insulation layer 300 is made of an aerogel material. Specifically, the heat insulation layer 300 can be made of one or more of barium fluoride aerogel, calcium fluoride aerogel, polyethylene aerogel, and zinc sulfide aerogel.

[0054] The aforementioned aerogel material has a porous structure, characterized by high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity. It contains a large amount of air, which has extremely low thermal conductivity, effectively isolating the greenhouse from heat exchange caused by the surrounding environment. This reduces external environmental interference with the greenhouse's internal temperature and minimizes losses due to parasitic heat gain.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, the aerogel material used in the heat insulation layer 300 has a volume fraction between 1% and 10%, a particle diameter between 10 nm and 50 nm, and a thickness between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.

[0056] For example, refer to Figures 6 to 14 As shown, the graph illustrates the variation trends of solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of different types of aerogel materials under varying volume fractions, particle diameters, and thicknesses. The legend "Solar Spectrum" (0.3–2.5 μm) represents solar transmittance, and the legend "Atmospheric Transmission Window" (8–13 μm) represents infrared radiation transmittance.

[0057] refer to Figures 6 to 8 The figure shows the trend of changes in the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel.

[0058] Figure 6 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume fraction of 1%, as the particle diameter increases. When the particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel is less than 50 nm, both solar transmittance and infrared transmittance can exceed 90%. In practical applications, the particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel should be less than 50 nm to avoid excessively large particles affecting its infrared transmittance.

[0059] Figure 7 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the volume fraction increases. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, both solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel can exceed 95%, and changes in the particle diameter of barium fluoride aerogel have little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0060] Figure 8The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of barium fluoride aerogel with a volume fraction of 1% and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the thickness increases. The thickness of the barium fluoride aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance, both of which are greater than 95%.

[0061] refer to Figures 9 to 11 The figure shows the trend of changes in the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel.

[0062] Figure 9 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume fraction of 1%, as the particle diameter increases. When the particle diameter of the polyethylene aerogel is less than 50 nm, both solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance can exceed 90%. In practical applications, the particle diameter of polyethylene aerogel should be less than 50 nm to avoid excessively large particles affecting its infrared radiation transmittance.

[0063] Figure 10 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the volume fraction increases. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of polyethylene aerogel can both be greater than 90%, and the change in the particle diameter of polyethylene aerogel has little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0064] Figure 11 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared transmittance of polyethylene aerogel with a volume fraction of 1% and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the thickness increases. (Polyethylene aerogel)

[0065] The solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance gradually decrease with increasing thickness, but both the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance can be greater than 90%.

[0066] refer to Figures 12 to 14 The figure shows the trend of changes in the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel.

[0067] Figure 12The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a volume fraction of 1%, as the particle diameter increases. When the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel is less than 50 nm, both solar transmittance and infrared transmittance can exceed 90%. In practical applications, the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel should be less than 50 nm to avoid excessively large particles affecting its infrared transmittance.

[0068] Figure 13 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the volume fraction increases. When the volume fraction is less than 10%, both solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel can exceed 90%, and changes in the particle diameter of zinc sulfide aerogel have little effect on its solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance.

[0069] Figure 14 The figure shows the changes in solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel with a volume fraction of 1% and a particle diameter of 10 nm as the thickness increases. When the thickness of zinc sulfide aerogel is between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of zinc sulfide aerogel are greater than 90%, which meets the requirements of this application.

[0070] The thicker the insulation layer 300, the better its heat insulation effect. However, the solar transmittance and infrared radiation transmittance of the insulation layer 300 will decrease accordingly.

[0071] The hydrogel layer 200 provided in this embodiment regulates the spectral range of solar radiation from 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm. The hydrogel layer 200 is made of a thermotropic material, and its solar transmittance changes with ambient temperature to regulate the solar energy obtained by the greenhouse in different seasons. The material used to make the hydrogel layer 200 is N-isopropylacrylamide.

[0072] During hot seasons, hydrogel layer 200 transforms into a semi-transparent state, with a light transmittance of approximately 40% to 60%. This ensures sufficient sunlight for plant growth while preventing excessive light from raising the temperature inside the greenhouse. During cold seasons, hydrogel layer 200 transforms into a transparent state, with a light transmittance greater than or equal to 90%. This fully guarantees the sunlight requirements for plant growth and maximizes the temperature inside the greenhouse.

[0073] The volume fraction of the hydrogel layer 200 is between 20% and 30%, the diameter of the hydrogel particles within the hydrogel layer 200 is between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, and the thickness of the hydrogel layer 200 is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm. In specific implementation, the volume fraction, thickness, and diameter of the hydrogel particles in the hydrogel layer 200 can be adjusted according to actual requirements to control the solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer 200.

[0074] The infrared spectroscopy selective layer 100 provided in this embodiment includes a substrate and a metal nano-coating. The substrate material is chosen to be transparent to ensure light transmittance; the substrate material can be one or more of thermoplastic polyester polymers, polycarbonate polymers, polydimethylsiloxane polymers, or polymethyl methacrylate polymers. The metal nano-coating can be a silver nanowire coating.

[0075] In hot seasons, the infrared spectral selective layer 100 is in a released state, exhibiting an infrared emissivity greater than 90%, resulting in good cooling effects inside the greenhouse. In cold seasons, it is in a stretched state, with an infrared emissivity less than 40%, reducing its cooling effect.

[0076] The membrane material provided in this embodiment further includes a protective layer 400, which is located on the outer side of the membrane material relative to the infrared spectroscopy selective layer 100, the hydrogel layer 200, and the heat insulation layer 300. (Refer to...) Figure 5 As shown. The protective layer 400 can protect the other three elements from damage caused by severe weather such as wind, sand, rain, and snow, thus preventing adverse effects on crop growth. The materials used for the protective layer 400 can be one or more of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) greenhouse film, polyethylene (PE) greenhouse film, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA).

[0077] In other embodiments, reference is made to... Figure 5 As shown, a protective layer 500 can be provided on the inner side of the membrane material according to actual needs. The protective layer 500 is located on the inner side of the membrane material relative to the infrared spectral selective layer 100, the hydrogel layer 200 and the heat insulation layer 300. The material of the protective layer 500 can be the same as that of the protective layer 400.

[0078] This application also provides a fully seasonal greenhouse planting device, including the greenhouse film material provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0079] The membrane material can be prefabricated as a single structure and directly covered onto the greenhouse frame; alternatively, the multi-layered structure of the membrane material can be laid sequentially onto the greenhouse frame. The hydrogel layer 200, the porous insulation layer 300, and the infrared spectroscopy selective layer 100 are connected by adhesives or bolts.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A greenhouse film material suitable for all-season use, characterized in that, It includes an overlapping infrared spectroscopy selective layer (100), a hydrogel layer (200), and a heat insulation layer (300); The infrared spectral selective layer (100) is used to emit infrared radiation into the environment. The infrared emissivity of the infrared spectral selective layer (100) is proportional to the ambient temperature, and the solar transmittance of the infrared spectral selective layer (100) is greater than or equal to 90%. The hydrogel layer (200) is used to transmit sunlight. The solar transmittance of the hydrogel layer (200) is inversely proportional to the ambient temperature, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the hydrogel layer (200) is greater than or equal to 90%. The heat insulation layer (300) is used to insulate heat. The solar transmittance of the heat insulation layer (300) is greater than or equal to 90%, and the infrared radiation transmittance of the heat insulation layer (300) is greater than or equal to 90%.

2. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane material has two surfaces, namely an inner surface and an outer surface, and the infrared spectral selective layer (100) is disposed relative to the heat insulation layer (300) and close to the inner surface.

3. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 2, characterized in that, The hydrogel layer (200) is disposed relative to the heat insulation layer (300) close to the inner surface of use.

4. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The hydrogel layer (200) is disposed close to the inner surface of the infrared spectral selective layer (100).

5. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulation layer (300) is made of one or more of the following materials: barium fluoride aerogel, calcium fluoride aerogel, polyethylene aerogel, and zinc sulfide aerogel.

6. A fully seasonal greenhouse film material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The volume fraction of the material used to make the heat insulation layer (300) is between 1% and 10%, the particle diameter is between 10 nm and 50 nm, and the thickness of the heat insulation layer (300) is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.

7. The all-season greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogel layer (200) is made of N-isopropylacrylamide, the volume fraction of the hydrogel layer (200) is between 20% and 30%, the diameter of the hydrogel particles in the hydrogel layer (200) is between 0.1 μm and 1 μm, and the thickness of the hydrogel layer (200) is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.

8. A fully seasonal greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared spectroscopy selective layer (100) includes a substrate and a metal nanocoating. The substrate is made of one or more of thermoplastic polyester polymers, polycarbonate polymers, polydimethylsiloxane polymers, or polymethyl methacrylate polymers.

9. A fully seasonal greenhouse film material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The membrane material further includes a protective layer (400), which is located on the outside of the infrared spectral selective layer (100), the hydrogel layer (200) and the heat insulation layer (300).

10. A fully seasonal greenhouse planting device, characterized in that, Includes the greenhouse film material as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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