Silage corn crossbreeding method
Through multiple self-breeding and selective elimination of hidden varieties, combined with hybrid breeding and colchicine treatment, the problems of low yield, poor disease resistance and long breeding cycle in traditional silage corn breeding methods are solved, and the yield and disease resistance are improved, the breeding cycle is shortened, and environmental pollution is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411446158.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-28
AI Technical Summary
Traditional silage corn breeding methods have problems such as low yield, poor disease resistance, long breeding cycle, and low artificial pollination efficiency and high labor intensity.
The method of multiple self-broken and selective elimination of hidden varieties is used to gradually increase the proportion of homozygous dominant varieties, and the breeding cycle is shortened through hybrid breeding and colchicine treatment. Combined with artificial pollination and bee pollination, fertilization is used using liquid fertilizer Q, and breeding efficiency is improved through label management.
It has achieved the improvement of the yield and disease resistance of silage corn, shortened the breeding cycle, reduced the complexity and labor intensity of manual operations, reduced the pollution to the environment, and significantly improved economic benefits.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn breeding, and in particular to a silage corn hybrid breeding method. Background Art
[0002] Silage corn is a nutritious feed crop widely used in animal husbandry. Corn silage technology is of great significance for improving the milk production and growth rate of ruminants such as cattle and sheep. However, the traditional silage corn planting method has problems such as low yield, poor disease resistance, and long breeding cycle, which seriously limit its application and promotion. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a silage corn breeding method with high yield, disease resistance, and short breeding cycle. In recent years, with the progress of molecular biology and plant genetics, hybrid breeding technology has developed rapidly. Through hybrid breeding, multiple excellent traits can be concentrated in one variety, thereby significantly improving the yield and disease resistance of crops. However, hybrid breeding requires multiple selfing and backcrossing to fix excellent traits, which makes the breeding cycle longer, and recessive undesirable traits are prone to appear during the breeding process, affecting the breeding effect.
[0003] Colchicine is a chemical agent commonly used to double chromosomes in plant cells. By treating haploid grains, plants with doubled chromosome sets can be quickly obtained, thereby shortening the breeding cycle. In addition, improvements in pollination methods, scientific fertilization, and field management also play a key role in improving the yield and quality of silage corn. In the prior art, the methods of multiple self-pollination and elimination of recessive varieties can gradually increase the proportion of homozygous dominant varieties, but these methods are less efficient, complex to operate, and labor-intensive. The traditional artificial pollination method also has problems such as low pollination success rate and high labor intensity. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a silage corn hybrid breeding method, which has the advantages of ensuring that the excellent genes of the offspring are passed on, improving the quality of the hybrid offspring, realizing the recycling of waste resources, and reducing pollution to the environment.
[0005] The above object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A silage corn hybrid breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0007] 1) Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17: Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17 was performed, 1 / 4 of the homozygous dominant varieties were retained, and the recessive varieties were discarded. Self-pollination was performed with 1 / 2 of the heterozygous dominant varieties to obtain 1 / 8 of the homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 4 of the heterozygous dominant varieties. Finally, self-pollination was performed with 1 / 4 of the heterozygous dominant varieties to obtain 1 / 16 of the homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 8 of the heterozygous dominant varieties, and finally 7 / 16 of the homozygous dominant varieties were obtained;
[0008] 2) Hybridization: using the 7 / 16 homozygous dominant variety in step 1) as the female parent and Yuqing 386 as the male parent to perform hybridization to obtain hybrid offspring F1;
[0009] 3) Backcrossing: The F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are used as the female parent, and induced hybridization is carried out with the high-quality variety Yuqing 386 to obtain haploid grains, and then the haploid grains are doubled for breeding to cultivate plants with doubled chromosome sets. The chromosomes are doubled using colchicine treatment at a concentration of 0.05% for 12 hours, and the plants that have successfully doubled are self-pollinated to harvest the self-fertile grains. At least three self-pollinations are selected to ensure genetic stability.
[0010] According to the above characteristics, all recessive varieties in step 1) are discarded.
[0011] In some embodiments, in step 1), artificial pollination is used on odd-numbered days, bee pollination is used between 9:00 and 9:30 on even-numbered days, and artificial pollination is used after 9:30.
[0012] According to the above characteristics, 5 to 6 days after the female parent is emasculated in step 2), a male spike with strong growth and large pollen quantity is selected from the male parent plant, pollen is collected, and gently shaken onto the filaments of the female spike of the female parent to complete hybrid pollination.
[0013] In some embodiments, the self-fertile grains in step 3) are subjected to field experiments, drip irrigation is performed, and liquid fertilizer Q is sprayed, wherein the liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of human feces and urine, 70-80 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40-50 parts of corn steep liquor, 4-10 parts of humic acid, 3-6 parts of chelating agent, 3-6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of amino acid, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50-70 parts of water.
[0014] According to the above characteristics, the liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of human feces and urine, 75 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 45 parts of corn steep liquor, 7 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of chelating agent, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of amino acid, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of water.
[0015] In some embodiments, the human feces and urine need to be treated at 180-190° C. for 4 hours, and the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.
[0016] According to the above characteristics, in the management of the hybrid fruits in step 2), labels of different colors are used for marking, with red labels marking the female plant and blue labels marking the male plant.
[0017] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0018] 1) The present invention gradually increases the proportion of homozygous dominant varieties through multiple self-pollination and selective elimination of recessive varieties, and finally obtains 7 / 16 homozygous dominant varieties. This increases the stability of the target trait and helps achieve the breeding goal. In the hybridization process, the male parent with excellent traits is selected for pollination, which ensures that the excellent genes of the offspring are passed on and improves the quality of the hybrid offspring.
[0019] 2) Using haploid seeds for doubling breeding and colchicine treatment for chromosome doubling can quickly obtain plants with doubled chromosome sets. After multiple self-pollinations, the genetic stability of the breeding materials and the fixation of excellent traits are ensured.
[0020] 3) Using different pollination methods on odd and even days, combined with artificial pollination and bee pollination, ensures the success rate and efficiency of pollination and reduces the complexity and labor intensity of manual operations. By spraying liquid fertilizer Q, the comprehensive nutrition required for corn growth is provided, especially the combination of high-temperature treated human feces and urine and various nutrients, which can effectively promote the healthy growth of plants and increase yields.
[0021] 4) Using different colored labels to mark the female and male parents helps to clearly distinguish and manage during the hybridization process, avoid confusion, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the experiment. Using human feces and urine as fertilizer realizes the recycling of waste resources and reduces environmental pollution. At the same time, the addition of organic ingredients such as humic acid and chitosan oligosaccharides also has a positive effect on soil health and ecological environment.
[0022] 5) The fresh weight yield of hybrid seeds treated by the present invention is 105877-120002 kg / hm 2 , increased by 21.50% to 29.19%, dry matter output 34007 to 35983 kg / hm 2 , increasing production by 20.89% to 22.93%, with significant economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] Example 1
[0024] A silage corn hybrid breeding method comprises the following steps:
[0025] 1) Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17: Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17, retaining 1 / 4 homozygous dominant varieties, discarding recessive varieties, self-pollinating with 1 / 2 heterozygous dominant varieties again, obtaining 1 / 8 homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 4 heterozygous dominant varieties, and finally self-pollinating with 1 / 4 heterozygous dominant varieties again, obtaining 1 / 16 homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 8 heterozygous dominant varieties, and finally obtaining 7 / 16 homozygous dominant varieties; and discarding all recessive varieties. Artificial pollination is used on odd-numbered days, bee pollination is used from 9:00 to 9:30 on even-numbered days, and artificial pollination is used after 9:30.
[0026] 2) Hybridization: Use the 7 / 16 homozygous dominant variety in step 1) as the female parent and Yuqing 386 as the male parent to hybridize and obtain the hybrid offspring F1; in the management of hybrid fruits, use labels of different colors for marking, red labels for female plants, and blue labels for male plants. 5 to 6 days after the female plant is emasculated, select the male spikes with strong growth and large pollen quantity on the male plant, collect pollen, and gently shake it on the filaments of the female spikes of the female plant to complete hybrid pollination.
[0027] 3) Backcrossing: The F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are used as the female parent, and induced hybridization is carried out with the high-quality variety Yuqing 386 to obtain haploid grains, and then the haploid grains are doubled for breeding, and plants with doubled chromosome sets are cultivated. Chromosomes are doubled using colchicine treatment, and the treatment concentration is 0.05% and the treatment time is 12 hours. The plants that have doubled successfully are self-pollinated, and the self-pollinated grains are harvested. At least three self-pollinations are selected to ensure genetic stability. Field experiments are carried out on self-pollinated grains, drip irrigation is carried out, and liquid fertilizer Q is sprayed. The liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of human feces and urine, 70 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40 parts of corn steep liquor, 4 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of chelating agent, 3 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 1 part of amino acids, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 parts of water. Human feces and urine need to be treated at 180°C for 4 hours, and the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.
[0028] Example 2
[0029] Step 1) and step 2) are the same as in Example 1.
[0030] Step 3) Backcrossing: The F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are used as the female parent, and induced hybridization is carried out with the high-quality variety Yuqing 386 to obtain haploid grains, and then the haploid grains are doubled for breeding, and plants with doubled chromosome sets are cultivated. Chromosomes are doubled using colchicine treatment, and the treatment concentration is 0.05%, and the treatment time is 12 hours. The plants that have doubled successfully are self-pollinated, and the self-pollinated grains are harvested. At least three self-pollinations are selected to ensure genetic stability. Field experiments are carried out on self-pollinated grains, drip irrigation is carried out, and liquid fertilizer Q is sprayed. The liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of human feces and urine, 75 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 45 parts of corn steep liquor, 7 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of chelating agent, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 2 parts of amino acids, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of water. Human feces and urine need to be treated at 185°C for 4 hours, and the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.
[0031] Example 3
[0032] Step 1) and step 2) are the same as in Example 1.
[0033] Step 3) Backcrossing: The F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are used as the female parent, and induced hybridization is carried out with the high-quality variety Yuqing 386 to obtain haploid grains, and then the haploid grains are doubled for breeding, and plants with doubled chromosome sets are cultivated. Chromosomes are doubled using colchicine treatment, and the treatment concentration is 0.05%, and the treatment time is 12 hours. The plants that have doubled successfully are self-pollinated, and the self-pollinated grains are harvested. At least three self-pollinations are selected to ensure genetic stability. The self-pollinated grains are subjected to field experiments, drip irrigation, and spraying of liquid fertilizer Q, which is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of human feces and urine, 80 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 50 parts of corn steep liquor, 10 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of chelating agent, 6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharides, 3 parts of amino acids, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 70 parts of water. Human feces and urine need to be treated at 190°C for 4 hours, and the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.
[0034] Experimental example
[0035] 1. The hybrid seeds treated by the present invention were compared with Yuqing 386 to conduct a variety comparison test, as shown in Table 1:
[0036]
[0037]
[0038] As shown in Table 1, the fresh weight yield of hybrid seeds treated by the present invention is 105877-120002 kg / hm 2 , increased by 21.50% to 29.19%, dry matter output 34007 to 35983 kg / hm 2 , increasing production by 20.89% to 22.93%, with significant economic benefits.
[0039] 2. The present invention adopts artificial pollination on odd-numbered days, adopts bee pollination from 9:00 to 9:30 on even-numbered days, and adopts artificial pollination after 9:30. Comparative Example 1: artificial pollination on even-numbered days; Comparative Example 2: all artificial pollination; Comparative Example 3: all bee pollination, as shown in Table 2:
[0040] project <![CDATA[Yield of maize plants (kg / hm 2 )]]> Root rot incidence (%) Cutworm incidence rate (%) Example 1 120002 5％～6％ 4％～5％ Comparative Example 1 119088 7％～10％ 7％～9％ Comparative Example 2 117222 9％～11％ 8％～10％ Comparative Example 3 109962 10％～12％ 10％～11％
[0041] As shown in Table 2, the present invention uses artificial pollination on odd days, honey bee pollination from 9:00 to 9:30 on even days, and artificial pollination after 9:30, and the corn plant yield is 120002kg / hm 2 The incidence rates of root rot and cutworms are very low, and the effect is obvious.
[0042] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for crossbreeding silage corn, characterized in that The steps include: 1) Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17: Self-pollination of Jinling Silage 17 was performed, 1 / 4 of the homozygous dominant varieties were retained, and the recessive varieties were discarded. Self-pollination was performed with 1 / 2 of the heterozygous dominant varieties to obtain 1 / 8 of the homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 4 of the heterozygous dominant varieties. Finally, self-pollination was performed with 1 / 4 of the heterozygous dominant varieties to obtain 1 / 16 of the homozygous dominant varieties and 1 / 8 of the heterozygous dominant varieties, and finally 7 / 16 of the homozygous dominant varieties were obtained; 2) Hybridization: using the 7 / 16 homozygous dominant variety in step 1) as the female parent and Yuqing 386 as the male parent to perform hybridization to obtain hybrid offspring F1; 3) Backcrossing: The F1 generation seeds obtained by hybridization are used as the female parent, and induced hybridization is carried out with the high-quality variety Yuqing 386 to obtain haploid grains, and then the haploid grains are doubled for breeding to cultivate plants with doubled chromosome sets. The chromosomes are doubled using colchicine treatment at a concentration of 0.05% for 12 hours, and the plants that have successfully doubled are self-pollinated to harvest the self-fertile grains. At least three self-pollinations are selected to ensure genetic stability.
2. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that All recessive varieties in step 1) are discarded.
3. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step 1), artificial pollination is performed on odd-numbered days, bee pollination is performed between 9:00 and 9:30 on even-numbered days, and artificial pollination is performed after 9:
30.
4. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that 5 to 6 days after the female parent is emasculated in step 2), a male spike with strong growth and large pollen quantity is selected from the male parent plant, pollen is collected, and gently shaken onto the filaments of the female spike of the female parent to complete hybrid pollination.
5. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The self-fertile grains in the step 3) are subjected to field experiments, drip irrigation is performed, and liquid fertilizer Q is sprayed, wherein the liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of human feces and urine, 70-80 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 40-50 parts of corn steep liquor, 4-10 parts of humic acid, 3-6 parts of chelating agent, 3-6 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-3 parts of amino acid, 1-2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50-70 parts of water.
6. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 5, characterized in that The liquid fertilizer Q is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of human feces and urine, 75 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 45 parts of corn steep liquor, 7 parts of humic acid, 4 parts of chelating agent, 5 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 2 parts of amino acid, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of water.
7. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The human feces and urine need to be treated at 180-190° C. for 4 hours, and the chelating agent is hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid.
8. A silage corn hybrid breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the management of the hybrid fruits in step 2), labels of different colors are used for marking, with red labels marking the female plant and blue labels marking the male plant.