Electric spindle floating unclamping mechanism

Abstract

An electric spindle floating unclamping mechanism belongs to the technical field of machine tool corollary equipment and comprises a rotating assembly, an oil cylinder assembly and a floating assembly, the rotating assembly comprises a pull rod, a coil spring, a bearing, a rear bearing seat, a rear end nut, an outer nut and a broach ring, and the floating assembly comprises a broach seat, a rubber ring, a first spring, a screw and a limiting sleeve. The oil cylinder assembly comprises a piston, a hydraulic sealing ring, a supporting block, a positioning sleeve, an oil cylinder and a positioning pin. The rotating assembly, the oil cylinder assembly and the floating assembly are installed together. The tool fixing part can be loosened and the tool holder can be fixed through compressed air, the cost of the main shaft can be reduced, a hydraulic station is not needed, and hydraulic oil can be prevented from leaking to pollute parts; the shaft center can be prevented from moving when the cutter is loosened, so that the whole equipment is simple and compact; after being locked by a screw through a limiting sleeve and a spring mechanism, spring force is pre-pressed to reset the whole floating unclamping mechanism, and when the main shaft rotates at a high speed, the main shaft can be prevented from being scratched with a rotating piece; and vibration of the whole machine caused by deflection of the floating cylinder can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machine tool accessory equipment, in particular to an electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism. Background Art

[0002] The electric spindle is a new technology product that integrates the machine tool spindle and the spindle motor. It has the advantages of high speed, high precision rotation, and low vibration. It is mainly used in production sites such as precision parts processing and high-speed cutting. In parts processing, the electric spindle needs a broaching mechanism (floating broaching mechanism) to clamp the tool handle for high-speed rotation to complete related operations. Specifically, the clamping or loosening of the tool handle is completed by the elastic element of the floating broaching mechanism and the loosening cylinder.

[0003] The existing electric spindle floating knife-beating mechanism, whose main component is the oil cylinder, contains two chambers. In one chamber, hydraulic oil is used to beat the knife (so that the tool fixing mechanism loosens the tool), and in the other chamber, pneumatic broaching is used to reset the piston (so that the tool fixing mechanism fixes the tool). Although the existing floating knife-beating mechanism meets the production needs to a certain extent, it is limited by the structure and still has some technical disadvantages as follows. First, the operation of the oil cylinder assembly requires a hydraulic station, which increases the production and application costs. Second, due to the hydraulic and pneumatic drive components, the floating knife-beating mechanism has a relatively complex structure, and the entire floating knife-beating mechanism has a long chain size, which brings inconvenience to practical application and maintenance. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the drawbacks of the floating tool-beating mechanism used in existing electric spindles due to structural limitations as described in the background technology, the present invention provides an electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism that, under the action of relevant mechanisms, does not require a complex hydraulic workstation and can loosen the tool fixing mechanism and fix the tool handle by compressed air. The equipment is relatively simple and compact, low in cost, easy to use, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: A floating knife-beating mechanism for an electric spindle comprises a rotating assembly, a cylinder assembly and a floating assembly. The rotating assembly comprises a pull rod and a coil spring, a bearing, a rear bearing seat, a rear end nut, an outer nut and a broaching ring. The inside of the axis of the electric spindle is provided with a step, the coil spring is sleeved in the axis on the step, the pull rod is sleeved in the axis, the inner ring of the bearing is mounted on the upper outer part of the axis, the outer ring of the bearing is mounted in the inner hole of the rear bearing seat, a ball sleeve is mounted between the outer ring of the rear bearing seat and the rear end seat of the electric spindle; the inner ring of the bearing is locked by the rear end nut, the outer ring of the bearing is locked by the outer nut, and the broaching ring is mounted on the end face of the rear end nut; the cylinder assembly comprises a piston, a hydraulic sealing ring, a support block, a positioning sleeve, a cylinder and a positioning pin. The outer side of the piston is provided with a groove, a hydraulic sealing ring is installed in the groove, the piston is movably mounted in the cylinder, the support block The through hole is aligned with the screw hole of the cylinder, the locating sleeve is installed on the upper end face of the cylinder, the locating pin is installed on the lower surface of the piston, and the rubber plug is installed in the inner hole of the upper surface of the locating sleeve; the floating assembly includes a broach seat, a copper ring, a first spring, a guide rod, and a limit sleeve. The rear end seat is installed on the spindle housing, and multiple guide rods are annularly distributed and installed on the screw holes on the upper end face of the rear end seat. The broach seat is located on the rear end seat, and a copper ring is installed in each of the multiple through holes of the broach seat. The multiple countersunk holes on the upper surface of the broach seat are respectively provided with a first spring and a limit sleeve, and multiple screws are installed on the inner surface of the rear end seat through the limit sleeve; the cylinder assembly is installed on the floating assembly, and multiple second springs are placed in the countersunk holes on the upper surface of the broach seat. The piston has a locating pin, and the second spring is located outside the locating pin. The cylinder is installed on the broach seat.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the annular step is greater than the outer diameter of the pull rod.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer diameters of the pull rod and coil spring are smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer diameter of the piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, and the outer diameter of the hydraulic sealing ring is larger than the inner diameter of the cylinder.

[0009] Furthermore, there is a distance between the outer side of the positioning sleeve and the inner side of the support block, and the annular portion of the upper end of the piston is located between the outer side of the positioning sleeve and the inner side of the support block and is in a sliding sealing structure.

[0010] Furthermore, an air intake pipe is installed on the left side of the upper end of the cylinder, and the air intake pipe is connected to the air pipe of the air compressor in series via a valve.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: under the action of relevant mechanisms, the present invention uses air pressure to cut and spring piston to reset, which can effectively reduce the application cost of the electric spindle. The machine tool does not need to be equipped with a hydraulic station, and the risk of leakage and contamination of the surface of the parts processed when using hydraulic oil for cutting can be prevented; by designing the broach seat parts, it has the functions of piston spring reset, floating cylinder reset, and preventing the axis from moving during cutting, making the whole equipment simple and compact; by designing a limit sleeve and a small spring mechanism, the whole floating cutting mechanism is reset by the spring force pre-loaded after the screw is locked, and when the spindle runs at high speed, it can prevent scratches with rotating parts; by designing 4 evenly distributed limit rods plus copper rings to guide the floating cylinder, it can prevent the floating cylinder from swinging and causing vibration of the whole machine. In summary, the present invention has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0013] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the present invention in the knife-beating state.

[0015] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the knife clamping state of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the front three-dimensional structure of the broach seat of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 It is a rear perspective structural schematic diagram of the broach seat of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the piston of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cylinder of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the overall planar structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, a floating knife-beating mechanism of an electric spindle comprises a rotating component, a cylinder component and a floating component. The rotating component comprises a pull rod 1 and a coil spring 2, a bearing 3, a rear bearing seat 4, a rear end nut 5, an outer nut 6 and a broaching ring 7. An annular step 81 is provided at the inner middle of the axis 8 of the electric spindle. The coil spring 2 is sleeved in the axis on the step 81. The pull rod 1 is sleeved inside the axis 8. The inner ring of the bearing 3 is fixedly installed at the upper outer part of the axis 8 by interference fit. The outer ring of the bearing 3 is installed in the inner hole of the rear bearing seat 4 by clearance. A ball sleeve 11 is installed between the outer ring of the rear bearing seat 4 and the rear end seat 9 of the electric spindle. The inner ring of the bearing 3 is locked by the rear end nut 5, the outer ring of the bearing 3 is locked by the outer nut 6, and the broaching ring 7 is locked on the end face of the rear end nut 5 by 8 M4 screws distributed in an annular manner. When working, the rotating component rotates at a high speed. To prevent the rear end nut from loosening, two radial top screws 10 are reserved for the rear end nut, which are pre-tightened and prevented from loosening by 2 M4 top screws. The cylinder assembly includes a piston 18, a hydraulic seal ring 19, a support block 20, a positioning sleeve 21, a cylinder 22, a positioning pin 23, and a rubber plug 24. The outer side of the piston 18 has a groove, and the hydraulic seal ring 19 is placed in the groove. The piston 18 is installed in the cylinder 22, and the through hole of the support block 20 is aligned with the screw hole of the cylinder 22. Then, the positioning sleeve 21 is locked to the upper end surface of the cylinder 22 by 6 M5 screws. The piston 18 can move back and forth in the inner hole of the cylinder 22 and the gap between the positioning sleeve 21 and the support block 20 to achieve loosening and broaching. The positioning pin 23 is installed on the lower surface of the piston 18 by M5 screws. Figure 5 Position; the rubber plug 24 is installed in the inner hole of the upper surface of the positioning sleeve 21 to prevent external pollution from entering the spindle. The floating assembly includes a broach seat 12, a copper ring 13, a small spring 17, a guide rod 14, and a limit sleeve 16. The rear end seat 9 is installed on the spindle housing 15 through 6 M6 screws distributed in a ring. The 4 guide rods 14 are installed in a ring on the M6 ​​screw holes on the upper end face of the rear end seat. Then install the broach seat 12, align and pass through the 4 guide rods 14, and then install the copper ring 13 at the 4 ring-distributed through holes of the broach seat 12. Then place the small spring 17 and the limit sleeve 16 in the 4 countersunk holes on the upper surface of the broach seat (see Figure 4 ), use 4 M6 screws to pass through the limit sleeve 16 and lock it on the inner surface of the rear end seat 9. At this time, the small spring 17 is pre-loaded for a distance, which can generate elastic force. The pull-up broach seat can move upward, and the broach seat can be reset due to the elastic force when it is released. The cylinder assembly is installed on the floating assembly, and 6 large springs 25 (such as Figure 3 As shown), the 34 screw holes on the piston 25 are used to install the positioning pin 23, and Figure 3 The spring holes are positioned correspondingly to prevent the piston 18 from rotating relative to the broach seat 12; the four guide holes 32 of the cylinder 22 pass through the guide rod, and then the cylinder 22 is installed on the broach seat 12 with 8 M6 screws (see Figure 6 ).

[0022] Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, the inner diameter of the annular step 81 is larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod 1, and the outer diameters of the pull rod 1 and the coil spring 2 are smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft 8. The outer diameter of the piston 18 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder 22, and the outer diameter of the hydraulic seal ring 19 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the cylinder 22. The distance between the outer side of the positioning sleeve 21 and the inner side of the support block 20 is such that the annular portion of the upper end of the piston 18 is located between the outer side of the positioning sleeve 21 and the inner side of the support block 20 and is in a sliding seal structure. An air intake pipe 26 communicating with the interior of the cylinder is installed on the left side of the upper end of the cylinder. The air intake pipe 26 is connected in series with the exhaust pipe of the air storage tank of the air compressor through a solenoid valve (or a manual valve) through a pipeline.

[0023] Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the spindle cutting process of the present invention is as follows: the cylinder air intake pipe 26 enters the industrial gas of about 0.6Mpa, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the piston 18 is 20814mm 2 , can generate a thrust of 12.48kN to achieve HSKA63 toolholder interface punching (requires at least 11kN). Specifically, the gas pushes the piston 18 to move downward along the inner wall of the cylinder 22, and the six large springs 25 on the lower end of the piston 18 begin to compress, and the end surface of the small step 31 on the lower side of the piston 18 (see Figure 5 ) After the pull rod 1 contacts the upper end surface, the pull rod 1 starts to move downward, and the coil spring 2 in the inner hole of the shaft 8 is compressed. The pull rod moves downward, which drives the electric spindle's claw assembly 33 to loosen the tool handle 35. After the pull rod 1 moves to a certain position, the tool handle loosens. In this process, because the cylinder assembly is not hard-limited, while the gas pushes the piston 18, the cylinder 22 is subjected to the same upward force, driving the broaching seat 12 to move upward, with a floating distance of 1.5mm ( Figure 1 28), at this time, the inner hole step surface 30 of the broach seat 12 (see Figure 3 ) is fitted with the lower end face of the flange of the broach ring 7 ( Figure 1 29), tighten the axis 8, the axis 8 will not move forward, reducing the impact on the bearing and extending the life of the main shaft.

[0024] Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the spindle clamping process of the present invention is as follows: the air inlet pipe 26 is closed, and the piston 18 is placed on the six large springs 25 (see Figure 3 ) is reset upward. The pressure of the coil spring 2 in the inner hole of the axis is released, the pull rod 1 moves upward, and the claw assembly 33 of the electric spindle tightens the tool handle 35; the small spring 17 placed in the four limit sleeves of the broach seat is released due to the compression elastic force generated by the upward movement of the broach seat 12, so that the entire floating knife mechanism is reset. At this time, the step surface of the inner hole of the broach seat 12 (see Figure 3) There is a 1.5mm gap between the flange lower end face of the broach ring to prevent scratching when the rotating component runs at high speed. The entire floating knife mechanism moves up and down through 4 guide rods to prevent the floating knife mechanism from swinging and reduce the impact on the vibration of the whole machine. Figure 7 In the figure, 27 is the front bearing assembly of the electric spindle.

[0025] Figure 1 , 2 As shown in , 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, through the above, the present invention realizes the HSKA63 interface spindle tooling function with a 1-level cylinder structure under the action of relevant mechanisms, uses air pressure tooling and spring piston reset, which can effectively reduce the application cost of the spindle, the machine tool does not need to be equipped with a hydraulic station, and can prevent the risk of leakage and contamination of the part processing surface when using hydraulic oil for tooling; through the tool holder part, it has the functions of piston spring reset, floating cylinder reset, and preventing axis movement during tooling, so that the whole floating tooling mechanism is simple and compact; through the limit sleeve and the small spring mechanism, the whole floating tooling mechanism is reset by the spring force pre-loaded after the screw is locked, and when the spindle runs at high speed, it can prevent scratches with rotating parts; by evenly distributing 4 guide rods plus copper rings (to reduce friction and guide effect) to guide the floating cylinder, it can prevent the floating cylinder from swinging, causing vibration of the whole machine, and improve the service life of the electric spindle.

[0026] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention.

[0027] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to the implementation mode, the implementation mode does not only include an independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism, characterized in that: It includes a rotating component, a cylinder component, and a floating component. The rotating component includes a pull rod and a coil spring, a bearing, a rear bearing seat, a rear end nut, an outer nut, and a broaching ring. The inside of the electric spindle axis is provided with a step, the coil spring is sleeved in the axis on the step, the pull rod is sleeved in the axis, the inner ring of the bearing is installed on the upper outer part of the axis, the outer ring of the bearing is installed in the inner hole of the rear bearing seat, and a ball sleeve is installed between the outer ring of the rear bearing seat and the rear end seat of the electric spindle; the inner ring of the bearing is locked by the rear end nut, the outer ring of the bearing is locked by the outer nut, and the broaching ring is installed on the end face of the rear end nut; the cylinder component includes a piston, a hydraulic sealing ring, a support block, a positioning sleeve, a cylinder, and a positioning pin. The outside of the piston is provided with a groove, a hydraulic sealing ring is installed in the groove, the piston is movably installed in the cylinder, and the through hole of the support block is connected to the cylinder. The screw holes are aligned, the locating sleeve is installed on the upper end face of the cylinder, the locating pin is installed on the lower surface of the piston, and the rubber plug is installed in the inner hole of the upper surface of the locating sleeve; the floating assembly includes a broach seat, a copper ring, a first spring, a guide rod, and a limit sleeve. The rear end seat is installed on the spindle housing, and multiple guide rods are annularly distributed and installed on the screw holes on the upper end face of the rear end seat. The broach seat is located on the rear end seat, and a copper ring is installed in each of the multiple through holes of the broach seat. The multiple countersunk holes on the upper surface of the broach seat are respectively provided with a first spring and a limit sleeve, and multiple screws are installed on the inner surface of the rear end seat through the limit sleeve; the cylinder assembly is installed on the floating assembly, and multiple second springs are placed in the countersunk holes on the upper surface of the broach seat. The piston has a locating pin, and the second spring is located outside the locating pin. The cylinder is installed on the broach seat.

2. The electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner diameter of the annular step is larger than the outer diameter of the pull rod.

3. The electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer diameter of the pull rod and the coil spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the shaft.

4. The electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer diameter of the piston is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, and the outer diameter of the hydraulic sealing ring is larger than the inner diameter of the cylinder.

5. The electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There is a distance between the outer side of the positioning sleeve and the inner side of the support block, and the annular portion of the upper end of the piston is located between the outer side of the positioning sleeve and the inner side of the support block and is in a sliding sealing structure.

6. The electric spindle floating tool-beating mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An air intake pipe is installed on the left side of the upper end of the cylinder, and the air intake pipe is connected to the air pipe of the air compressor in series through a valve.

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