Alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an alkali metal atomic gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device and method.The device comprises a heating laser, an optical fiber, a cylindrical cavity structure, an atomic gas chamber, an infrared thermometer, a temperature control circuit board and an upper computer, the atomic gas chamber is arranged in the cylindrical cavity structure, and a quantum well mixing system is arranged on the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber; light through holes are formed in the periphery of the cylindrical cavity structure, the heating laser and the infrared thermometer respectively penetrate through the light through holes of the cylindrical cavity structure through optical fibers to be connected with the atomic gas chamber, the infrared thermometer is connected with the temperature control circuit board, the temperature control circuit board is connected with the heating laser through optical fibers, and the temperature control circuit board is connected with the upper computer. Magnetic field interference can be avoided, the stability of a high-temperature heating state is kept, and the precision of magnetic field measurement is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of quantum sensing technology, and in particular to an alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device and method. Background Art

[0002] Atomic magnetometers usually use alkali metal atoms as sensitive elements. Since alkali metals are solid at room temperature, their gas chambers need to be heated to increase the saturated vapor density and saturated vapor pressure of alkali metal atoms, thereby increasing the density of electron spins, which helps to enhance the ability to drive and detect nuclear spins. The temperature parameters of the gas chamber are crucial to the performance of the atomic magnetometer, and the density of alkali metal atoms is determined by the heating temperature of the gas chamber. Therefore, in order to achieve high-precision detection, the heating temperature of the gas chamber must be kept highly stable.

[0003] The heating methods for alkali metal gas cells mainly include hot air flow heating, intermittent electric heating and high-frequency alternating current heating. Atomic magnetometers are extremely sensitive to external magnetic fields. Therefore, in order to reduce the Larmor precession frequency of the atomic gas cell, the probe must minimize the introduction of interfering magnetic fields. Since alkali metal gas cells require high-temperature heating, and the heating device is often the main source of interfering magnetic fields, achieving low magnetic field noise and high stability heating technology is a key challenge for atomic magnetometers. The emergence of micro gas cells makes it possible to use laser heating in alkali metal gas cell heating. Laser heating heats the gas cell by laser irradiation in some way. For micro gas cells, laser heating does not generate magnetic noise.

[0004] However, the conventional method of laser heating an alkali metal gas chamber still has the problems of low measurement accuracy and unstable high-temperature heating. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems of high magnetic field noise, low measurement accuracy and unstable gas chamber heating in conventional alkali metal gas chamber heating, the present invention proposes an alkali metal atomic gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device and method to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present application discloses an alkali metal atomic gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating and temperature control device, comprising a heating laser, an optical fiber, a cylindrical cavity structure, an atomic gas chamber, an infrared thermometer, a temperature control circuit board and a host computer. The atomic gas chamber is arranged inside the cylindrical cavity structure, a quantum well mixing system is arranged on the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber, light holes are arranged around the cylindrical cavity structure, the heating laser and the infrared thermometer are respectively connected to the atomic gas chamber through the light holes of the cylindrical cavity structure through optical fibers, the infrared thermometer is connected to the temperature control circuit board, the temperature control circuit board is connected to the heating laser through the optical fiber, and the temperature control circuit board is connected to the host computer.

[0007] Preferably, the cylindrical cavity structure includes a hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure and a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure, and the glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure covers the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure.

[0008] Preferably, the light-through holes include a first light-through hole passing through the left side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a second light-through hole passing through the front side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a third light-through hole passing through the right side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, and a fourth light-through hole passing through the rear side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure.

[0009] Preferably, the optical fiber includes a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber, a third optical fiber and a fourth optical fiber, one end of the first optical fiber is connected to the output end of the heating laser, and the other end is arranged in the first light through hole, one end of the second optical fiber is connected to the output end of the heating laser, and the other end is arranged in the third light through hole, one end of the third optical fiber is connected to the input end of the infrared thermometer, and the other end is arranged in the fourth light through hole, one end of the fourth optical fiber is connected to the temperature control circuit board, and the other end is connected to the input end of the heating laser.

[0010] Preferably, the quantum well mixing system is arranged on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure is coated with a black light-absorbing material.

[0012] Preferably, the quantum well hybrid system comprises a quantum well and a triangular gold nanosheet solution coated on the surface of the quantum well.

[0013] The present application also discloses an alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control method, which is characterized in that the method is implemented using the alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device, and includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a cylindrical cavity structure and a quantum well hybrid system, and arrange the quantum well hybrid system on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber, and then place the atomic gas chamber in the cylindrical cavity structure; S2. Complete the assembly of the alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device; S3, using a heating laser to emit laser light, the laser light passes through the first light hole and the third light hole to irradiate the quantum well hybrid system, performs light-heat conversion on the heating surface of the quantum well hybrid system, and heats the atomic gas chamber through heat conduction; S4. Write a control program on the host computer and burn it to the temperature control circuit board. The infrared thermometer monitors the temperature of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber in real time and transmits the measured temperature signal to the temperature control circuit board. After receiving the temperature signal, the temperature control circuit board converts the signal and outputs a control signal to the heating laser, thereby adjusting the output power of the heating laser, so that the overall device forms a negative feedback mechanism and keeps the temperature of the atomic gas chamber at 80°C. S5. The temperature signal is collected in real time through the temperature control circuit board and transmitted to the host computer. The host computer displays the temperature change curve of the atomic gas chamber, and optimizes and adjusts the control algorithm based on the real-time temperature change curve to ensure that the atomic gas chamber quickly returns to stability after external interference.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation of the cylindrical cavity structure comprises the following steps: A hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure is prepared, a black light-absorbing material is coated on the inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure, and a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure is covered on the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure to obtain a cylindrical cavity structure.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation of the quantum well hybrid system comprises the following steps: The triangular gold nanosheet solution is dropped onto the surface of the quantum well, and electrostatic or van der Waals forces are used to make it self-assemble, and finally heat treatment is used to enhance the bonding.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) The triangular gold nanosheets in the quantum well hybrid system of the present invention can significantly enhance the absorption of incident light. When combined with the quantum well, the light absorption capacity is greatly improved, the photothermal conversion efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced; (2) The quantum well structure of the present invention can isolate heat transfer and reduce the diffusion of heat energy to the surrounding environment. When the triangular gold nanosheets generate heat energy in the quantum well, it helps to maintain a stable high temperature state and extend the service life of the hybrid system. (3) The present invention performs laser heating on the quantum well hybrid system on the opposite sides of the atomic gas chamber, thereby improving the uniformity of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber, ensuring the uniform distribution of the atomic number density at each position inside the atomic gas chamber, and improving the accuracy and stability of the magnetic field measurement; (4) The present invention uses an infrared thermometer to measure the temperature of the gas chamber, thereby realizing non-magnetic temperature measurement, avoiding magnetic field interference, improving the accuracy of the measurement data, and meeting the high stability requirement of the atomic magnetometer for the temperature inside the gas chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2It is a structural schematic diagram of a cylindrical cavity structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an atomic gas chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum well hybrid system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the electric field mode of a quantum well hybrid system under the action of a heating laser according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the temperature of the quantum well hybrid system under the action of a heating laser according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] The reference numerals are as follows: 1-heating laser, 2-first optical fiber, 3-hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure, 4-glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure, 5-atomic gas chamber, 6-first light through hole, 7-second light through hole, 8-third light through hole, 9-fourth light through hole, 10-infrared thermometer, 11-temperature control circuit board, 12-host computer, 13-third optical fiber, 14-second optical fiber, 15-fourth optical fiber, 16-quantum well hybrid system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0020] The present application discloses an alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a heating laser 1, an optical fiber, a cylindrical cavity structure, an atomic gas chamber 5, an infrared thermometer 10, a temperature control circuit board 11 and a host computer 12. The atomic gas chamber 5 is arranged inside the cylindrical cavity structure, and a quantum well hybrid system 16 is arranged on the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber 5. Light holes are arranged around the cylindrical cavity structure. The heating laser 1 and the infrared thermometer 10 are respectively connected to the atomic gas chamber 5 through the light holes of the cylindrical cavity structure through the optical fiber, and the infrared thermometer 10 is connected to the temperature control circuit board 11. The temperature control circuit board 11 is connected to the heating laser 1 through the optical fiber, and the temperature control circuit board 11 is connected to the host computer 12. In this embodiment, the infrared thermometer 10 adopts the German Keiler PX10 infrared thermometer, the temperature control circuit board 11 adopts the Arduino temperature control module, and the host computer 12 adopts the Siemens IPC.

[0021] like Figure 2As shown, the cylindrical cavity structure includes a hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3 and a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure 4. The inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3 is coated with a black light-absorbing material. In this embodiment, a graphite material is used, and the glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure 4 covers the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3. Hexagonal boron nitride has low magnetic properties, which means that it has little effect on the external magnetic field. This is crucial for the manipulation and measurement of quantum states in the atomic gas chamber 5, because the external magnetic field may cause the splitting and drift of the atomic energy level, thereby affecting the accuracy of the experimental results. In addition, hexagonal boron nitride also has good thermal conductivity, which helps maintain the uniformity of the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber 5. The thermal conductivity of the glass fiber vacuum insulation material is much lower than that of traditional thermal insulation materials, which makes it excellent in thermal insulation performance and can effectively reduce heat conduction. This is very important to ensure the uniform distribution and stability of atomic gas, especially when the temperature needs to be precisely controlled.

[0022] The light holes include a first light hole 6 penetrating the left side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a second light hole 7 penetrating the front side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a third light hole 8 penetrating the right side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, and a fourth light hole 9 penetrating the rear side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure. The optical fiber includes a first optical fiber 2, a second optical fiber 14, a third optical fiber 13, and a fourth optical fiber 15. One end of the first optical fiber 2 is connected to the output end of the heating laser 1, and the other end is arranged in the first light hole 6, one end of the second optical fiber 14 is connected to the output end of the heating laser 1, and the other end is arranged in the third light hole 8, one end of the third optical fiber 13 is connected to the input end of the infrared thermometer 10, and the other end is arranged in the fourth light hole 9, and one end of the fourth optical fiber 15 is connected to the temperature control circuit board 11, and the other end is connected to the input end of the heating laser 1.

[0023] like Figure 3 As shown, the left outer wall of the atomic gas chamber 5 is surface a, the front outer wall is surface b, the right outer wall is surface c, and the rear outer wall is surface d. The quantum well hybrid system 16 is encapsulated on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber 5, i.e., surface a and surface c. Figure 4As shown, the quantum well hybrid system 16 includes a quantum well and a triangular gold nanosheet solution coated on the surface of the quantum well. The triangular gold nanosheet has unique optical properties and can significantly enhance the absorption of incident light. When combined with the quantum well, this enhancement effect will be further amplified, so that the quantum well hybrid system 16 can greatly improve its light absorption capacity. This is of great significance for improving the efficiency of light-to-heat conversion and reducing energy consumption. The quantum well structure can isolate heat transfer to a certain extent and reduce the diffusion of heat energy to the surrounding environment. When the gold nanotriangular sheet generates heat energy in the quantum well, this thermal isolation effect helps to maintain the stability of the high temperature state and extend the service life of the quantum well hybrid system 16. By reducing the center distance and position of the triangular gold nanosheet and the quantum well in the quantum well hybrid system 16, the light absorption coefficient is increased. This process can convert more light energy into heat energy and reduce energy loss caused by reflection, scattering, etc. After the atomic gas cell 5 is placed in the cylindrical cavity structure 3 , the a surface of the atomic gas cell faces the first light through hole 6 , the b surface faces the second light through hole 7 , the c surface faces the third light through hole 8 , and the d surface faces the fourth light through hole 9 .

[0024] The heating laser 1 irradiates the working laser onto the quantum well hybrid system 16 on the a surface of the atomic gas chamber 5a through the first optical fiber 2 and the first light hole 6, and the heating laser 1 irradiates the working laser onto the quantum well hybrid system 16 on the c surface of the atomic gas chamber 5c through the second optical fiber 14 and the second light hole 7. The atomic number density distribution inside the alkali metal atomic gas chamber 5 is directly related to the temperature. The thermal uniformity during the heating process can ensure that the atomic number density distribution at various positions inside the gas chamber is uniform, thereby avoiding uneven atomic number density distribution due to temperature gradient. Uniform atomic number density distribution can improve the accuracy and stability of magnetic field measurement, because the uniformity of the magnetic field sensor signal will be affected by the atomic number density distribution. Laser heating of the quantum well hybrid system 16 on the a surface and c surface of the atomic gas chamber 5 improves the uniformity of the temperature of the atomic gas chamber. In a specific embodiment, the quantum well hybrid system 16 is simulated by photothermal effect to obtain Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the electric field mode of the quantum well hybrid system under the action of the heating laser is shown. Figure 6 The temperature diagram of the quantum well hybrid system shown in Figure 1 is shown in Figure 2. Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be seen that from the perspective of temperature uniformity, the temperature distribution of the quantum well is uniform, which indicates that the thermal management of the quantum well hybrid system is well done, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of the temperature performance of the atomic gas chamber.

[0025] The d-plane of the atomic gas chamber 5 is connected to the infrared thermometer 10 through the fourth optical fiber 15 and the fourth light hole 9, so that the infrared thermometer 10 can measure the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 5 in real time. The traditional method uses a thermistor to measure the gas chamber temperature, but magnetic interference is introduced when the thermistor is powered, and true non-magnetic heating cannot be achieved. The device structure of the present application uses an infrared thermometer 10 to measure the gas chamber temperature through an optical fiber, achieving true non-magnetic heating.

[0026] Another embodiment of the present application further discloses an alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device, and includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of cylindrical cavity structure: Prepare a hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3, and coat the inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3 with a black light-absorbing material, graphite is used in this embodiment. And cover the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure 3 with a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure 4 to obtain a cylindrical cavity structure.

[0027] Preparation of quantum well hybrid system 16: dripping triangular gold nanosheet solution onto the quantum well surface, using electrostatic or van der Waals forces to make it self-assemble, and finally strengthening the bonding through heat treatment.

[0028] The quantum well hybrid system 16 is arranged on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber 5, and then the atomic gas chamber 5 is placed in a cylindrical cavity structure.

[0029] S2. Complete the assembly of the alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device.

[0030] S3, using the heating laser 1 to emit laser light, the laser light passes through the first light hole 6 and the third light hole 8 to irradiate the quantum well hybrid system 16, performs light-heat conversion on the heating surface of the quantum well hybrid system, and heats the atomic gas chamber 5 through heat conduction.

[0031] S4. The PID temperature control program is input through the host computer 12 and burned onto the temperature control circuit board 11. The infrared thermometer 10 monitors the outer wall temperature of the atomic gas chamber 5 in real time and transmits the measured temperature signal to the temperature control circuit board 11. After receiving the temperature signal, the temperature control circuit board 11 performs signal conversion and outputs a control signal to the heating laser 1, thereby adjusting the output power of the heating laser 1, so that the overall device forms a negative feedback mechanism and keeps the temperature of the atomic gas chamber at 80°C.

[0032] S5. The temperature signal is collected in real time by the temperature control circuit board 11 and transmitted to the host computer 12. The host computer 12 displays the temperature change curve of the atomic gas chamber 5, and optimizes and adjusts the PID temperature control program based on the real-time temperature change curve to ensure that the atomic gas chamber 5 quickly recovers stability after external interference.

[0033] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a heating laser (1), an optical fiber, a cylindrical cavity structure, an atomic gas chamber (5), an infrared thermometer (10), a temperature control circuit board (11) and a host computer (12). The atomic gas chamber (5) is arranged inside the cylindrical cavity structure. A quantum well mixing system (16) is arranged on the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber (5). Light holes are arranged around the cylindrical cavity structure. The heating laser (1) and the infrared thermometer (10) are respectively connected to the atomic gas chamber (5) through the light holes of the cylindrical cavity structure via optical fibers. The infrared thermometer (10) is connected to the temperature control circuit board (11). The temperature control circuit board (11) is connected to the heating laser (1) via the optical fiber. The temperature control circuit board (11) is connected to the host computer (12).

2. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical cavity structure comprises a hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3) and a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure (4), wherein the glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure (4) covers the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3).

3. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light-through holes comprise a first light-through hole (6) penetrating the left side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a second light-through hole (7) penetrating the front side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, a third light-through hole (8) penetrating the right side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure, and a fourth light-through hole (9) penetrating the rear side surface of the cylindrical cavity structure.

4. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical fibers comprise a first optical fiber (2), a second optical fiber (14), a third optical fiber (13) and a fourth optical fiber (15); one end of the first optical fiber (2) is connected to the output end of the heating laser (1), and the other end is arranged in the first light through hole (6); one end of the second optical fiber (14) is connected to the output end of the heating laser (1), and the other end is arranged in the third light through hole (8); one end of the third optical fiber (13) is connected to the input end of the infrared thermometer (10), and the other end is arranged in the fourth light through hole (9); one end of the fourth optical fiber (15) is connected to the temperature control circuit board (11), and the other end is connected to the input end of the heating laser (1).

5. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The quantum well mixing system (16) is arranged on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber (5).

6. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3) is coated with a black light-absorbing material.

7. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The quantum well hybrid system (16) comprises a quantum well and a triangular gold nanosheet solution coated on the surface of the quantum well.

8. An alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control method, characterized in that: The method is implemented using the alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device described in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a cylindrical cavity structure and a quantum well hybrid system (16), and arranging the quantum well hybrid system (16) on the left and right sides of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber (5), and then placing the atomic gas chamber (5) in the cylindrical cavity structure; S2. Complete the assembly of the alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control device; S3, using a heating laser (1) to emit laser light, the laser light passes through the first light hole (6) and the third light hole (8) to irradiate the quantum well hybrid system (16), photothermal conversion is performed on the heating surface of the quantum well hybrid system (16), and heats the atomic gas chamber (5) through heat conduction; S4, a control program is written by a host computer (12) and burned onto the temperature control circuit board (11), the infrared thermometer (10) monitors the temperature of the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber (5) in real time, and transmits the measured temperature signal to the temperature control circuit board (11), after receiving the temperature signal, the temperature control circuit board (11) performs signal conversion and outputs a control signal to the heating laser (1), thereby adjusting the output power of the heating laser (1), so that the overall device forms a negative feedback mechanism and maintains the temperature of the atomic gas chamber at 80°C; S5. The temperature signal is collected in real time through the temperature control circuit board (11) and transmitted to the host computer (12). The host computer (12) displays the temperature change curve of the atomic gas chamber (5). The control algorithm is optimized and adjusted based on the real-time temperature change curve to ensure that the atomic gas chamber (5) quickly recovers stability after external interference.

9. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The preparation of the cylindrical cavity structure comprises the following steps: A hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3) is prepared, a black light-absorbing material is coated on the inner wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3), and a glass fiber vacuum insulation cylindrical cavity structure (4) is covered on the outer wall of the hexagonal boron nitride cylindrical cavity structure (3) to obtain a cylindrical cavity structure.

10. The alkali metal atom gas chamber laser non-magnetic heating temperature control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation of the quantum well hybrid system (16) comprises the following steps: The triangular gold nanosheet solution is dropped onto the surface of the quantum well, and electrostatic or van der Waals forces are used to make it self-assemble, and finally heat treatment is used to enhance the bonding.

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