Water and fertilizer regulation and control method, device and system based on big data

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of big data, and discloses a water and fertilizer regulation and control method, device and system based on big data, and the method comprises the steps: building a water and fertilizer regulation and control management container in a cloud data server according to the information of a water and fertilizer regulation and control region; obtaining a plurality of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-regions according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region information, and obtaining target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region reference comparison data corresponding to the planting information; according to a set time interval, obtaining water and fertilizer regulation and control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, generating an irrigation path according to an adjacent sub-region sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, and according to the water and fertilizer regulation and control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information at a previous time interval, generating an irrigation path. And water and fertilizer regulation and control characteristic changes of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information are obtained until water and fertilizer regulation and control in the whole planting stage are completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of big data, and in particular to a water and fertilizer regulation method, device and system based on big data. Background Art

[0002] In modern agriculture, water and fertilizer management is one of the key factors affecting crop growth and yield. Traditional water and fertilizer management mainly relies on farmers' experience and intuition, lacks scientificity and precision, and often leads to problems such as water and fertilizer waste, soil pollution and poor crop growth. With the advancement of science and technology, especially the development of big data and Internet of Things technology, it has become possible to make water and fertilizer management intelligent and precise.

[0003] At present, although there are some integrated water and fertilizer management systems based on IoT technology on the market, most of these systems simply realize automatic irrigation and fertilization of water and fertilizer, and lack the ability to dynamically adjust according to the actual growth needs of crops and soil environment. In addition, these systems often require each monitoring area to be configured and managed separately, which is inefficient and difficult to adapt to large-scale and diverse planting scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a water and fertilizer control method based on big data, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Establish a water and fertilizer control management container in the cloud data server according to the water and fertilizer control area information; Step 2: multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas are obtained according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information; the water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information; and a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is obtained according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information; a water and fertilizer data acquisition device acquires soil data of the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, and obtains benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information; Step three, according to the set time interval, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information within the time interval, and compares the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and then proceeds to step four; Step 4: Generate an irrigation path according to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, generate a water and fertilizer control instruction according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the water and fertilizer control instruction, and enter step 5; Step 5, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the next time interval, obtains the soil data change of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area, obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the previous time interval. If there is no change, return to step three, otherwise, enter step six; Step 6: According to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics, determine whether the planting area is abnormal. If it is abnormal, issue an alarm message. Otherwise, generate a new stage water and fertilizer control instruction according to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics. The water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the new stage water and fertilizer control instruction. Step seven: Continue regulating water and fertilizer until the entire planting stage is completed.

[0005] Further, the method of obtaining multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information, generating a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information, and obtaining a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, includes: The water and fertilizer control area is divided according to the standard division units to obtain multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas, and the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area is obtained respectively. The water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. According to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information is obtained. Among the water and fertilizer monitoring areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area that is not adjacent to each adjacent water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information and is the farthest away is the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

[0006] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-regions of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information to obtain benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, including: The water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the set monitoring items. The average value of the soil data of the adjacent sub-areas of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

[0007] Further, the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is compared with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, including: The soil data changes of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are as follows: the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the data difference between the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the monitoring items whose differences are greater than the difference threshold.

[0008] Furthermore, the generation of irrigation paths according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, the generation of water and fertilizer control instructions according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completing water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation paths and the water and fertilizer control instructions include: According to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, the shortest irrigation path is generated; according to the obtained water and fertilizer regulation characteristics, the monitoring item adjustment values ​​in the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics are preset to standard values.

[0009] Further, the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval are obtained to obtain the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, including: According to the different monitoring items in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information and the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval, the changes in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained.

[0010] Furthermore, judging whether the planting area is abnormal based on the changed water and fertilizer regulation characteristics includes: if basic monitoring items exist in different monitoring items, the planting area is abnormal; otherwise, it is normal.

[0011] A water and fertilizer control device based on big data, applying the water and fertilizer control method based on big data, including a soil data acquisition module, an environmental data acquisition module, a positioning device, a power module, a communication module and a data processing module; The soil data acquisition module, environmental data acquisition module, positioning device, power module, and communication module are respectively connected to the data processing module; The soil data acquisition module is used to collect soil moisture and nutrient content data; The environmental data acquisition module is used to collect temperature, humidity and light data; The positioning device is used to collect the location information of the water and fertilizer control device based on big data; The power module provides power support for the device; The communication module transmits and receives data.

[0012] A water and fertilizer control system based on big data, comprising a water and fertilizer control device based on big data, a cloud data server, a water and fertilizer control module, an irrigation path generation module and a communication device; The water and fertilizer control device based on big data, the cloud data server, the water and fertilizer control module, and the irrigation path generation module are respectively connected to the communication device for communication; The water and fertilizer control module performs irrigation and fertilization according to the instructions; The irrigation path generation module generates an irrigation path; The communication device is used for data communication.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by accurately sensing the water and fertilizer needs of crops and the soil environmental conditions, water and fertilizer can be supplied on demand, thus avoiding the waste in traditional water and fertilizer management and improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

[0014] Dynamic regulation is carried out according to the actual growth needs of crops and soil environmental conditions, providing the best growth environment for crops, thereby improving crop yield and quality.

[0015] Through the application of cloud data servers and intelligent algorithms, remote monitoring and automated control of water and fertilizer management are achieved, improving management efficiency and accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a water and fertilizer regulation method based on big data; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a water and fertilizer control device based on big data; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of a water and fertilizer control system based on big data. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

[0018] The features and performance of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, a water and fertilizer control method based on big data includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish a water and fertilizer control management container in the cloud data server according to the water and fertilizer control area information; Step 2: multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas are obtained according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information; the water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information; and a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is obtained according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information; a water and fertilizer data acquisition device acquires soil data of the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, and obtains benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information; Step three, according to the set time interval, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information within the time interval, and compares the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and then proceeds to step four; Step 4: Generate an irrigation path according to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, generate a water and fertilizer control instruction according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the water and fertilizer control instruction, and enter step 5; Step 5, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the next time interval, obtains the soil data change of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area, obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the previous time interval. If there is no change, return to step three, otherwise, enter step six; Step 6: According to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics, determine whether the planting area is abnormal. If it is abnormal, issue an alarm message. Otherwise, generate a new stage water and fertilizer control instruction according to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics. The water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the new stage water and fertilizer control instruction. Step seven: Continue regulating water and fertilizer until the entire planting stage is completed.

[0020] The method of obtaining a plurality of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information, generating a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the water and fertilizer regulation and management container, and obtaining a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, includes: The water and fertilizer control area is divided according to the standard division units to obtain multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas, and the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area is obtained respectively. The water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. According to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information is obtained. Among the water and fertilizer monitoring areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area that is not adjacent to each adjacent water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information and is the farthest away is the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

[0021] The water and fertilizer data acquisition device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-regions of a water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, and obtains benchmark comparison data of a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, including: The water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the set monitoring items. The average value of the soil data of the adjacent sub-areas of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

[0022] The soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is compared with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, including: The soil data changes of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are as follows: the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the data difference between the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the monitoring items whose differences are greater than the difference threshold.

[0023] The method of generating an irrigation path according to a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, generating a water and fertilizer control instruction according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completing water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the water and fertilizer control instruction includes: According to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, the shortest irrigation path is generated; according to the obtained water and fertilizer regulation characteristics, the monitoring item adjustment values ​​in the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics are preset to standard values.

[0024] The water-fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water-fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval are obtained to obtain the water-fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water-fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, including: According to the different monitoring items in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information and the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval, the changes in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained.

[0025] The determining whether the planting area is abnormal according to the changed water and fertilizer regulation characteristics includes: if there is a basic monitoring item among different monitoring items, the planting area is abnormal; otherwise, it is normal.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, a water and fertilizer control device based on big data is characterized in that the water and fertilizer control method based on big data is applied, including a soil data acquisition module, an environmental data acquisition module, a positioning device, a power module, a communication module and a data processing module; The soil data acquisition module, environmental data acquisition module, positioning device, power module and communication module are respectively connected to the data processing module.

[0027] Figure 3 As shown, a water and fertilizer control system based on big data is characterized in that it includes a water and fertilizer control device based on big data, a cloud data server, a water and fertilizer control module, an irrigation path generation module and a communication device; The water-fertilizer control device based on big data, the cloud data server, the water-fertilizer control module, and the irrigation path generation module are respectively connected to the communication device for communication.

[0028] Specifically, the present invention proposes a water and fertilizer control method based on big data, which realizes accurate perception and intelligent control of water and fertilizer demand in the planting area through the coordinated work of cloud data servers, water and fertilizer data acquisition devices, water and fertilizer control modules and other equipment. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Establish a water and fertilizer regulation management container First, based on the information of the water and fertilizer control area (such as geographical location, area, soil type, etc.), a special water and fertilizer control management container is established in the cloud data server. This container will serve as the data storage, processing and analysis center of the entire water and fertilizer control process, responsible for collecting, integrating and analyzing data from various monitoring sub-areas and generating corresponding control instructions.

[0029] Step 2: Determine the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas and benchmark comparison data Sub-area division and sequence generation: The water and fertilizer control area is divided into multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas based on standard division units (such as area, terrain, crop type, etc.).

[0030] Target sub-region determination: In the generated sequence of adjacent sub-regions of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-regions, the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region that is not adjacent to any adjacent sub-region and is the farthest away is selected as the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region. These sub-regions are usually representative and can reflect the average conditions of the entire planting area.

[0031] Benchmark comparison data collection: Use the water and fertilizer data collection device to collect soil data from the adjacent sub-areas of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area according to the set monitoring items (such as soil moisture, nutrient content, pH value, etc.). Then, calculate the average value of these data as the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area.

[0032] Step 3: Data collection and preliminary analysis At the set time interval, the water and fertilizer data collection device continues to collect soil data in the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. The collected data is compared with the baseline comparison data to analyze the changes in soil data (such as moisture changes, nutrient changes, etc.). Based on these changes, the water and fertilizer control features are extracted, that is, those monitoring items that need to be adjusted or optimized.

[0033] Step 4: Generate irrigation paths and water and fertilizer control instructions Irrigation path generation: Based on the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area, an algorithm is used to generate the shortest irrigation path. This helps to reduce energy consumption and time costs during the irrigation process.

[0034] Water and fertilizer control instruction generation: Based on the extracted water and fertilizer control characteristics and combined with preset standard values ​​(such as optimal soil moisture range, nutrient content, etc.), specific water and fertilizer control instructions are generated. These instructions will guide the water and fertilizer control module to perform precise irrigation and fertilization operations.

[0035] Step 5: Implement controls and monitor results The water and fertilizer control module performs the corresponding irrigation and fertilization operations according to the generated irrigation path and water and fertilizer control instructions. Then, the water and fertilizer data acquisition device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area at the next time interval, analyzes the changes in soil data, and extracts new water and fertilizer control features. By comparing the changes in new and old features, the control effect is evaluated.

[0036] Step 6: Abnormal judgment and new stage regulation Abnormal judgment: If the new water and fertilizer regulation characteristics are significantly different from the previous stage, and these differences involve basic monitoring items (such as soil moisture is too low or too high, nutrient content is seriously insufficient, etc.), the planting area is judged to be in an abnormal state and an alarm message is issued.

[0037] Regulation in the new stage: If there is no abnormality in the planting area, the water and fertilizer control instructions for the new stage are generated according to the new water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the control operation is continued.

[0038] Step 7: Cycle control until completion Repeat steps 3 to 6 above until the water and fertilizer control task of the entire planting cycle is completed. Through continuous data collection, analysis and control, intelligent and precise water and fertilizer management can be achieved.

[0039] Division and selection of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas: When dividing water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas, multiple factors can be considered comprehensively, such as topography, soil type, crop type and growth stage, etc. Through reasonable division and selection, it is ensured that each sub-area is representative and can reflect the average conditions of the entire planting area.

[0040] Optimization of data acquisition devices: In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of data acquisition, a combination of multiple sensors can be used, such as soil moisture sensors, nutrient sensors, pH sensors, etc. At the same time, wireless transmission technology can also be considered to achieve real-time data upload and remote monitoring.

[0041] Application of intelligent algorithms: When generating irrigation paths and water and fertilizer control instructions, intelligent algorithms such as genetic algorithms and neural network algorithms can be introduced. These algorithms can automatically optimize irrigation paths and control instructions based on real-time and historical data, and improve the efficiency and accuracy of water and fertilizer management.

[0042] Improvement of exception handling mechanism: In terms of exception judgment and handling, a perfect exception handling mechanism can be established. Once an abnormal situation is detected, an alarm message will be issued immediately, and relevant personnel will be notified through SMS, email, etc. At the same time, the water and fertilizer control strategy can be automatically adjusted to deal with abnormal situations.

[0043] In order to implement the above method, the present invention also proposes a water and fertilizer control device and system based on big data.

[0044] Water and fertilizer control device: This device includes soil data acquisition module, environmental data acquisition module, positioning device, power module, communication module and data processing module. The soil data acquisition module is used to collect data such as soil moisture and nutrient content; the environmental data acquisition module is used to collect environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and light; the positioning device is used to determine the location information of the device; the power module provides power support for the device; the communication module is responsible for data transmission and reception; and the data processing module is responsible for data processing and analysis.

[0045] Water and fertilizer control system: The system includes a water and fertilizer control device based on big data, a cloud data server, a water and fertilizer control module, an irrigation path generation module, and a communication device. The various components are connected and communicated through the communication device to achieve data sharing and collaborative work. The cloud data server is responsible for storing and processing data from various devices; the water and fertilizer control module performs irrigation and fertilization operations according to instructions; the irrigation path generation module is responsible for generating the optimal irrigation path; and the communication device ensures smooth communication between the various components.

[0046] Example 1: Water and fertilizer regulation in wheat growing areas In a wheat planting area located in the North China Plain, the area is 1,000 mu, the soil type is mainly loam, and the terrain is flat. In order to improve the yield and quality of wheat, it is decided to adopt the water and fertilizer control method based on big data proposed in the present invention for precise management.

[0047] Steps to implement Establish a water and fertilizer regulation management container. On the cloud data server, a water and fertilizer regulation management container for the wheat planting area is established based on information such as geographical location, area, soil type, etc. The container is set up to collect, integrate and analyze data from each monitoring sub-area in real time.

[0048] Determine the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas and benchmark comparison data, and divide 1,000 mu of land into 20 sub-areas with 50 mu as a unit. Generate a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas based on information such as crop type (wheat), growth stage (such as jointing stage), and soil condition (loam).

[0049] The No. 10 sub-area, which is located in the center and relatively independent of other sub-areas, was selected as the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. The soil data acquisition device was used to collect data such as soil moisture, nutrient content, and pH value in the No. 10 sub-area and its adjacent sub-areas, and the average value was calculated as the benchmark comparison data.

[0050] Data Collection and Preliminary Analysis,Every 7 days, the soil data collection device automatically,collects soil data of sub-area No. 10.

[0051] The data is uploaded to the cloud data server and compared with the baseline data to analyze the decline in soil moisture and the changing trend of nutrients.

[0052] Generate irrigation paths and water and fertilizer control instructions, and use algorithms to generate the shortest irrigation path from the water source to sub-area No. 10.

[0053] Based on the results of soil data analysis, regulatory instructions are generated to increase irrigation volume and apply specific fertilizers.

[0054] Execute the control and monitor the effect. The water and fertilizer control module irrigates and fertilizes according to the instructions. After 7 days, collect data again to analyze the changes in soil moisture and nutrient content and evaluate the control effect.

[0055] Abnormal judgment and new stage regulation: if the soil moisture is found to be abnormally high or the nutrient content is not up to expectations, the system will issue an alarm message.

[0056] If there is no abnormality, the next stage of control instructions will be generated according to the new data and continue to be executed. The control cycle will continue until completion. Repeat the above steps until the wheat is harvested, achieving precise management of water and fertilizer throughout the entire growth cycle.

[0057] Example 2: Integrated water and fertilizer regulation in orchards A citrus orchard in the south, covering an area of ​​about 500 mu, has a slightly undulating terrain and various soil types, including red soil and yellow soil. In order to optimize the water and fertilizer management of the orchard and improve the yield and fruit quality of the fruit trees, the water and fertilizer control method of the present invention is adopted.

[0058] Steps to implement Establish a water and fertilizer regulation management container. On the cloud data server, establish a water and fertilizer regulation management container for the orchard based on the geographical location, area, soil type and terrain information of the orchard. The container is configured to handle data collection and analysis in complex terrain.

[0059] Determine the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas and benchmark comparison data, and divide the orchard into 10 sub-areas according to terrain and soil type, each of which is about 50 mu. Select sub-area No. 5, which is located in the center of the orchard and has representative soil types, as the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. Collect soil moisture, nutrient content, pH value and other data in sub-area No. 5 and its adjacent sub-areas, and calculate benchmark comparison data.

[0060] Data collection and preliminary analysis,Every 10 days, soil data collection devices and environmental data collection modules were used to collect soil and environmental data,simultaneously.,Data analysis showed that soil moisture in some areas was low and nutrient content,was uneven.

[0061] Generate irrigation paths and water and fertilizer control instructions, taking into account terrain factors, and generate irrigation paths that adapt to the orchard terrain. Based on the data analysis results, generate irrigation and fertilization instructions for different areas, such as increasing the application of potassium fertilizer.

[0062] Execute the control and monitor the effect. The water and fertilizer control module performs operations according to the instructions, paying special attention to the impact of terrain on irrigation effect. Collect data again after 10 days to evaluate the improvement of soil moisture and nutrient content caused by the control.

[0063] Abnormal judgment and new stage regulation. For example, if it is found that the soil moisture in a certain area is too high, resulting in an increased risk of root diseases, the system will issue an alarm and adjust the irrigation strategy.

[0064] Based on the new data, the next stage of control instructions are generated to continue optimizing water and fertilizer management. The cycle of control is completed. The whole process continues until the fruits are ripe and ready to be picked, ensuring that the water and fertilizer management of the orchard is always in the best state.

Claims

1. A water and fertilizer control method based on big data, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Establish a water and fertilizer control management container in the cloud data server according to the water and fertilizer control area information; Step 2: multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas are obtained according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information; the water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information; and a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is obtained according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information; a water and fertilizer data acquisition device acquires soil data of the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, and obtains benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information; Step three, according to the set time interval, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information within the time interval, and compares the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and then proceeds to step four; Step 4: Generate an irrigation path according to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, generate a water and fertilizer control instruction according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the water and fertilizer control instruction, and enter step 5; Step 5, the water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the next time interval, obtains the soil data change of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area, obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information, and obtains the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information at the previous time interval. If there is no change, return to step three, otherwise, enter step six; Step 6: According to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics, determine whether the planting area is abnormal. If it is abnormal, issue an alarm message. Otherwise, generate a new stage water and fertilizer control instruction according to the changed water and fertilizer control characteristics. The water and fertilizer control module completes the water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the new stage water and fertilizer control instruction. Step seven: Continue regulating water and fertilizer until the entire planting stage is completed.

2. A water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of obtaining a plurality of water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas according to the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area information, generating a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the water and fertilizer regulation and management container, and obtaining a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information according to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, includes: The water and fertilizer control area is divided according to the standard division units to obtain multiple water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas, and the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area is obtained respectively. The water and fertilizer control management container generates a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the planting information of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area. According to the sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information is obtained. Among the water and fertilizer monitoring areas corresponding to the planting information, the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area that is not adjacent to each adjacent water and fertilizer monitoring area corresponding to the planting information and is the farthest away is the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

3. A water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer data acquisition device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-regions of a water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, and obtains benchmark comparison data of a target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, including: The water and fertilizer data collection device collects soil data of a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the water and fertilizer monitoring sub-areas corresponding to the planting information according to the set monitoring items. The average value of the soil data of the adjacent sub-areas of each water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information.

4. The water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information is compared with the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information to obtain the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the soil data change of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, including: The soil data changes of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are as follows: the soil data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the data difference between the benchmark comparison data of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, and the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained according to the monitoring items whose differences are greater than the difference threshold.

5. The water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The method of generating an irrigation path according to a sequence of adjacent sub-areas of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, generating a water and fertilizer control instruction according to the water and fertilizer control characteristics, and the water and fertilizer control module completing water and fertilizer control according to the irrigation path and the water and fertilizer control instruction includes: According to the adjacent sub-area sequence of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information, the shortest irrigation path is generated; according to the obtained water and fertilizer regulation characteristics, the monitoring item adjustment values ​​in the water and fertilizer regulation characteristics are preset to standard values.

6. The water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The water-fertilizer regulation characteristics of the target water-fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval are obtained to obtain the water-fertilizer regulation characteristics change of the target water-fertilizer monitoring sub-region corresponding to the planting information, including: According to the different monitoring items in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the current planting information and the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information in the previous time interval, the changes in the water and fertilizer control characteristics of the target water and fertilizer monitoring sub-area corresponding to the planting information are obtained.

7. The water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The determining whether the planting area is abnormal according to the changed water and fertilizer regulation characteristics includes: if there is a basic monitoring item among different monitoring items, the planting area is abnormal; otherwise, it is normal.

8. A water and fertilizer control device based on big data, characterized in that: A water and fertilizer control method based on big data according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied, comprising a soil data acquisition module, an environmental data acquisition module, a positioning device, a power module, a communication module and a data processing module; The soil data acquisition module, environmental data acquisition module, positioning device, power module, and communication module are respectively connected to the data processing module; The soil data acquisition module is used to collect soil moisture and nutrient content data; The environmental data acquisition module is used to collect temperature, humidity and light data; The positioning device is used to collect the location information of the water and fertilizer control device based on big data; The power module provides power support for the device; The communication module transmits and receives data.

9. A water and fertilizer control system based on big data, characterized in that: It includes a water and fertilizer control device based on big data, a cloud data server, a water and fertilizer control module, an irrigation path generation module and a communication device; The water and fertilizer control device based on big data, the cloud data server, the water and fertilizer control module, and the irrigation path generation module are respectively connected to the communication device for communication; The water and fertilizer control module performs irrigation and fertilization according to the instructions; The irrigation path generation module generates an irrigation path; The communication device is used for data communication.

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